Second Language Acquisition

Prepared by

Vaidehi Hariyani

Semester 3

Department of English,MKBU

SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION (SLA)

The process by which people learn a Second language in addition to their Native language.

Second language plays an institutional role in the society.

INTRODUCTION

DIFFERENCEAcquisition Learning

• Conscious process.

• Grammar, vocabulary and rules are learnt in controlled manner.

• It happens in schools, colleges and so on.

• Activities and methods are designed. Focus is on grammar.

• Gradual development .

• It happens naturally.

• It happens through interaction with the ones who are native speakers.

• Focus is on meaningful communication not on grammatical forms.

DIFFERENCE

Acquisition Learning

• Not the native language

• Learned in addition to Native language

• Acquired language

• Ones native language

• Learned in childhood

• Mother language

LANGUAGE LEARNINGFirst Language Second Language

• Rules are similar for L1 and L2

• L1 rules the L2

CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS HYPOTHESIS

CA :- L2 learners will use L1 trends which sometimes differs and error is generated

• Long (1981), Stephen Krashen(1980)

• To focus on the process how l2 can be acquired.

• The way we learn language consciously is different to subconscious acquisition. Both are different mental process.

• Dulay and Burt(1974)

• To determine whether there is natural sequence in the order in which l2 learners acquire the grammar of the target language.

• Rejected the hypotheses that l2 acquisition equals L1 acquisition.

RESEARCH

Product- oriented Process- oriented

KRASHEN’S FIVE HYPOTHESIS

Acquisition-

Learning

Monitor

Natural orderInput

Affective Filter

GENERALIZATIONS

• SLA includes an understanding, in general, of what language is, what learning is and for classroom context, what teaching is.

• Knowledge of children’s learning the first language provides insights to understand SLA.

• There is tremendous variations among learners in acquiring language.

• The way people view themselves in communiction will affect the quantity and quality of second language learning.

CLAIMS

1. Adults can acquire a second language easily…!

2. Practice does not make language perfect.

3. Knowing a language rule does not mean one will be able to use it in an interaction.

4. One cannot achieve native like command in an hour.

5. Comprehension of text depends on learners ability to understand language.

6. Learner already has a language available.

7. Atmosphere of the learner.

TRAJECTORY OF ANSWER• Introduction :- What is SLA?

• Difference:- L1 and L2, Learning and Acquisition.

• Analysis:- Error analysis, contrastive analysis

• Research

• 5 hypothesis – Krashen

• Generalizations and claims

• Summarize

THANK YOU…..