SEC_CCAD Parking FDS Study Presentation - 071708

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CLEVELAND CLINICCLEVELAND CLINIC

ABU DHABI ABU DHABI

ABU DHABI, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES ABU DHABI, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

July 17, 2008July 17, 2008

2

Purpose of PresentationPurpose of Presentation

Project overviewProject overview

Describe alternative design approaches to codeDescribe alternative design approaches to code

compliancecompliance

Review performance objectives related codeReview performance objectives related code

requirements and local amendmentrequirements and local amendment

Define equivalent performance criteriaDefine equivalent performance criteria

Contemplated alternate design featuresContemplated alternate design features

Review proposed engineering evaluation methodsReview proposed engineering evaluation methods

Review outline of Alternate Design ReportReview outline of Alternate Design Report



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Project OverviewProject Overview

Parking Garage:Parking Garage:

Three levels parking garages below the main structureThree levels parking garages below the main structure

Three compartments on each levelThree compartments on each level

Compartments separated by physical barrier or fireCompartments separated by physical barrier or fire

shuttersshutters

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Parking Garage CompartmentsParking Garage Compartments

South

Compartment

East

CompartmentWest

Compartment



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Alternative Design Approaches Alternative Design Approaches

Parking Garage Smoke Exhaust Design MethodParking Garage Smoke Exhaust Design Method

Code Requirements and Local Amendments:Code Requirements and Local Amendments: Duration of OperationDuration of Operation (IBC Sec. 909.4.6)(IBC Sec. 909.4.6) – – capable ofcapable of

continued operation after fire detection for not less thancontinued operation after fire detection for not less than20 minutes20 minutes

Exhaust RateExhaust Rate – – 10 air changes per hour 10 air changes per hour

Al ternat ive Design Approach Al ternat ive Design Approach :: 6 air changes per hour smoke exhaust rates6 air changes per hour smoke exhaust rates

Smoke layer interface height based on evaluation ofSmoke layer interface height based on evaluation oftenability factors at 6 feet above walking surfacestenability factors at 6 feet above walking surfaces

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Prescr iptive Code ObjectivesPrescr iptive Code Objectives

Parking Garage ExhaustParking Garage Exhaust

Smoke removal within the parking area to provideSmoke removal within the parking area to provide

occupants with relatively safe egress from the spaceoccupants with relatively safe egress from the space

Dilute products of fire plume for fire fighters to conductDilute products of fire plume for fire fighters to conduct

search and rescue operationssearch and rescue operations



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Alternate Design Performance Cri teria Alternate Design Performance Cri teria

Smoke Exhaust in Parking GarageSmoke Exhaust in Parking Garage

Position of Smoke Layer Interface based onPosition of Smoke Layer Interface based on

NFPA 92B criteria:NFPA 92B criteria:

Visibility.Visibility.

TemperatureTemperature..

CO concentration.CO concentration.

Duration of Smoke Exhaust:Duration of Smoke Exhaust:

A minimum of 20 minutes A minimum of 20 minutes

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Engineering Analyses to SubstantiateEngineering Analyses to Substantiate

EquivalencyEquivalency

Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) andFire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and

SmokeviewSmokeview

Developed by the National Institute of StandardsDeveloped by the National Institute of Standards

and Technology (NIST).and Technology (NIST).

FDS is a computational fluid dynamics (cfd)FDS is a computational fluid dynamics (cfd)

computer model that predicts the growth andcomputer model that predicts the growth and

spread of fire and its products of combustionspread of fire and its products of combustion

Smokeview is a software tool designed to visualizeSmokeview is a software tool designed to visualize

the results generated by FDS.the results generated by FDS.



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Engineering Analyses to SubstantiateEngineering Analyses to Substantiate

Equivalency (ContEquivalency (Cont’’d)d)

FDS and Smokeview will be used toFDS and Smokeview will be used to

evaluate the following:evaluate the following:

Smoke movement and effectiveness of parkingSmoke movement and effectiveness of parking

garage smoke control systemgarage smoke control system

Temperatures within the fire compartmentTemperatures within the fire compartment

Position of smoke layer relative to building &Position of smoke layer relative to building &

occupantsoccupants

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Evaluation of Design ConceptEvaluation of Design Concept

------ 3D Model of West/East Compartments3D Model of West/East Compartments

WestCompartments

East

Compartments



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------ 3D Model of South Compartments3D Model of South Compartments

South

Compartments

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------ FDS Model of West/East CompartmentsFDS Model of West/East Compartments



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------ FDS Model of South CompartmentsFDS Model of South Compartments

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Design AssumptionsDesign Assumptions

Key AssumptionsKey Assumptions

A car fire propagation occurs (i.e. two cars burning A car fire propagation occurs (i.e. two cars burning

in 20 minutes)in 20 minutes)

Statistics on real car fire in EuropeStatistics on real car fire in Europe

88% in dwelling buildings and 12% related to public88% in dwelling buildings and 12% related to public

buildingsbuildings

9090--95% did not involve cars or one car only.95% did not involve cars or one car only.

The actual rate of heat release remained belowThe actual rate of heat release remained below

values observed for free burning cars for enclosedvalues observed for free burning cars for enclosed

parking garageparking garage Plastic burning materialPlastic burning material

Do not consider effect of sprinkler systemDo not consider effect of sprinkler system



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Preliminary FDS ResultsPreliminary FDS Results

------ West/East Compartments on Level P1West/East Compartments on Level P1

WestEast

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------ South Compartments on Level P1South Compartments on Level P1



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East West

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------ South Compartments on Level P2South Compartments on Level P2



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10 Air Changes

6 Air Changes

8 Air Changes

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SummarySummary

6 air changes does not maintain a tenable6 air changes does not maintain a tenable

environment around the designenvironment around the design fire area for allfor all

three compartments on Level P3three compartments on Level P3

8 and 10 air changes do not maintain8 and 10 air changes do not maintain a tenable

environment around the design fire area as wellas well

The FDS modeling results look the same for inputsThe FDS modeling results look the same for inputs

of 6, 8 and 10 air changesof 6, 8 and 10 air changes

6 or 10 air changes for Level P3 smoke exhaust?6 or 10 air changes for Level P3 smoke exhaust?

6 air changes works for all three compartments on6 air changes works for all three compartments on

Level P2Level P2

6 air changes works for all three compartments on6 air changes works for all three compartments on

Level P1Level P1



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Al ternat ive Design Documentation Alternative Design Documentation

Alternative Design Report Alternative Design Report

Prepared and submitted to AHJ in accordancePrepared and submitted to AHJ in accordance

with IBC Sec. 104.11with IBC Sec. 104.11

Demonstration of equivalency to the fire protectionDemonstration of equivalency to the fire protection

and life safety intended by the prescriptive codeand life safety intended by the prescriptive code

requirements and local amendmentsrequirements and local amendments

Supporting engineering documentation:Supporting engineering documentation:

Fire modeling evaluation and resultsFire modeling evaluation and results

SEC_CCAD Parking FDS Study Presentation - 071708

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