Searching Dental E sources- 491 Den Oct 2012

Searching Dental E-Sources

Dental Informatics

Ebtissam M. Al-MadiBDS, MSD, Endo, MI, ME

Dental Informatics

Oct-2012

2

Searching Dental E Sources- EM Al-Madi

Outline Dental Informatics:

Definition The Discipline of Dental Informatics The Scope of Dental Informatics Dental Informatics Applications

Oct-2012Searching Dental E Sources- EM Al-Madi

3

Section 1

Definition of Dental informatics

Oct-2012

4


Dental Informatics

Oct-2012Searching Dental E Sources- EM Al-Madi 5

Dental informatics is the application of computer and information science to improve dental practice, research, education and management.

A sub-discipline of biomedical informatics

Eisner J. The future of dental informatics. Eur J Dent Educ. 1999;3(suppl 1):61-9.

Section 2

The Discipline of Dental Informatics

Oct-2012

6


Characteristics of a discipline


1. Core of people who conduct research and publish in the discipline;

Since 1965 approx 3500 authors -2200 articles related to DI and computer applications in dentistry in 420 journals and conferences

2. An identifiable body of literature; Articles in dental journals. J Comp Dentistry. Books; Dental

Informatics by Zimmerman in 1992, The global village of dentistry, and Imaging in esthetic dentistry.

3. Professional societies and related activities; Sections within AMIA, IMIA, ADEA, ect

4. Educational programs leading to certificate and advanced degrees;

General MI degrees with specialization in DI. Joint Degrees.5. Funded research Programs;

Available as 3rd party funds. Limited.SCHLEYER, T. and H. SPALLEK (2001). "Dental

informatics A cornerstone of dental practice." J Am Dent Assoc 132: 605-613.

A research discipline;Not mere application of

computers(≠IT).


Dental InformaticsInformation TechnologyDI=

Development +evaluation of information models and

computing applications

IT = Hardware and software devices to retrieve and display information

DI= research and application in

conceptualization +organization

+relevance +utilization of information

IT Technologies= software design

+development +creation of I & O devices .

Inter-related

Innovations= Computer programs

or devices = (IT).DI technology

Incorporate DI in the technology .

Oct-2012

9


Section 3

Scope of Dental Informatics

Oct-2012

10


Cognitive science: is a research area that draws

on several fields (such as psychology, artificial intelligence, linguistics, and philosophy) to develop theories of perception, thinking, and learning.

Cognitive science relates to information science as we try to understand how information is represented in the human mind.

Computer science relates to information science as try to simulate our mental processes in computing environments.

Biomedicine is replete with complex cognitive processes (such as diagnosis, treatment planning, and evaluation).

Oct-2012

11


Schleyer, T. K. (2003). "Dental Informatics: An Emerging Biomedical Informatics Discipline." Adv Dent Res 17:4-8,

December, 2003 17: 4-8.

Computer science: is a discipline that

involves the understanding and design of computers and computational processes. Here, the emphasis is not on information, but how it is represented, processed, manipulated, and managed in computing systems.

Oct-2012

12



December, 2003 17: 4-8.

Information Science: is the collection,

classification, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of recorded knowledge treated both as a pure and as an applied science.

Oct-2012

13



December, 2003 17: 4-8.

Telecommunications: Is the science that deals

with communication at a distance.

Transmission of digital images efficiently resulted in new approaches to image compression and transmission.

Another example is aggregating information from many different sources, such as information about the same patient from different healthcare providers.

Oct-2012

14



December, 2003 17: 4-8.

Section 4

Dental Informatics Applications

Oct-2012

15


Dental Informatics ApplicationsAdministrativeClinicalEducational Research•Practice Management •Medical Dental interface

•Electronic Oral health records (EOHR)

•Preclinical•Haptic feedback• simulation training

•Database•Registries

•Computerized billing •Insurance form generation and claims processing

•Manufacturing•Bibliographic•Video lib

•Terminology and nomenclature standards•Voice Recognition

•Labs•E-prescribing

•Intra-oral cameras and imaging•3-D image modeler &Diagnostic predictive modeling

•Patient education & decision aids

•Patient Risk Profiling & assesment

•Pre visit preparation •Alerts and reminders•Secure messaging•Recall tracking

•Radiography•Digital radiography•Intelligent time series comparative X-ray analysis

•Web Portal & blogs

•Outcomes Databases

•Patient registration and scheduling •After visit summaries •Connectivity to patients •Online ongoing care relationship

•Decision support•Evidence-based Treatment Planning

•Nano-robotics

•Tele-consultation & referral


16

Basic ResearchInformatics Challenges

Applications Infrastructure

Office Applications

ClinicalCoding, data

structures, high performance computing

Vocabularies, automated

retrieval from repositories

Distributed medical records,

clinical trials, teledentistry

EDR, Outcomes Predictor, Treatment

Planner, Clinical Decision Support

Tool

Imaging3-D modeling,

visualization, data representation

Ontology-based reference models and classification

3-D anatomy atlases,

radiological diagnosis

3-D modeler, X-Ray analyzer,

dynamic neuromuscular

occlusal simulation,

Haptic feedback simulation

Bioinformatics

Biochips, algorithms for DNA

sequencing, patient specific

drugs

Linking genomic and patient data, security, ethics

Genetic-based patient records and protocols

Biometric nano-robotics, bioassay

caries/periodontal analyzer

Public/Population

Databases, searching, data

analysis theories and algorithms

Integration and validation of information, knowledge discovery

Data mining, citizen-based

services, social networks shared knowledge-base

Blogs, web portals, PHR,

Fields of DI Research


17

Applications in Clinical Dentistry


18

Electronic Oral Health Record

Reimbursement Diagnosis codes (ICD-9) &

procedure codes (CPT 4). Documentation :

Finding Location Text Holistic

Treatment: Roadmap for patient to

follow

Dental reimbursement: Procedure codes only.

Documentation : Location Finding Graphics, templates Sequence

Treatment: Procedure implies

pathology present. Roadmap for dentist

Oct-2012

19


EMR EOHR

Oct-2012Searching Dental E Sources- EM Al-Madi20


Endodontics Digital radiography refers

to a method of capturing a radiographic image using a sensor, breaking it into an electronic pieces, and presenting and storing the image using a computer.

The sensor receives the analog information and converter (ADC) to converts it to a digital image

The image is displayed within seconds or minutes on the computer screen in front of the clinician and the patient/client.

Oct-2012

22


Digital Radiography

Viewbox is advanced software for cephalometric analysis. It is used in Orthodontic Departments around the world. Viewbox can be

customized to almost any task. Points, measurements and analyses are not 'hard-wired', enabling you to go beyond the confines of

cephalometric radiographs and perform measurements on any kind of radiograph, photograph or other two-dimensional or 3-D image.

Furthermore, sophisticated algorithms are included for image enhancement, facilitation of point identification and morphometric

analys


3-D Scanning & MillingMany Chairside dental

CAD/CAM systems and Dental Laboratory CAD/CAM systems use 3D Scanner technologies to capture the 3D surface of a dental preparation (either in vivo or in vitro), in order to produce a restoration digitally using CAD software and ultimately produce the final restoration using a CAM technology (such as a CNC milling machine, or 3D printer). The chairside systems are designed to facilitate the 3D scanning of a preparation in vivo and produce the restoration (such as a Crown, Onlay, Inlay or Veneer).

Oct-2012

24


Image-guided dental implantology It provides a full 3D view

of the patient’s anatomy, as a basis for evaluation and functional and aesthetic implant planning.

Accurate examination of bone, muscles and other tissues by switching among them in real-time

Its high image definition facilitates the observation of the anatomical structures, allowing proper and secure planning and reducing all uncertainties during surgery.

Oct-2012

25


3D-Time Series Analysis


Time series analysis stands for comparing image data sets from the same person or specimen taken at different times to show the changes.

Image segmentation, rigid registration and a voxel based non-rigid registration as well as 3D visualization, allows a time series analysis based on DICOM CT images.

In dentistry the scope of further application ranges from pre- and postoperative oral surgery images (orthognathic surgery, trauma surgery) to endodontic and orthodontic treatment.

Teledentistry Conditions that only

visual inspection or history is needed for interpretation Oral medicine Chronic Facial Pain

Assisting patients with concerns: Trauma Finding a dentist

Specific organizations with urban and rural centers: MOH, KFSH, MOD, ect

using the Internet to consult with an expert. This consultation could be: direct (between the

patient and the expert)

indirect (between the patient’s doctor and the expert).

Phone call to expert Fax charts and records Internet: scanned image,

digital image, and audio transfer of requests

Oct-2012

27



InteractiveMD is a telehealth company that connects patients with doctors via real-time videoconferencing, phone, and secure email,

MDLiveCare is an on-demand telehealth company that provides patients with remote access via video, phone, and secure email to board certified doctors and licensed therapists.

Virtual Hospitals of the future??


Teledentistry in Use:http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/news/story/index.cfm?id=1774

http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/news/story/index.cfm?id=1774

Applications in Dental education

Oct-2012

30


Virtual Patients The Virtual Dental Patient (VDP)

application was designed to aid dentists in getting acquainted with the teeth anatomy, the handling of drilling instruments and the challenges associated with the drilling procedure.

The VDP simulator allows the user to : view/manipulate a 3-D head and oral

cavity model constructed using anatomical data,

adapt the model to the characteristics of specific patient using either facial photographs or 3D data,

animate it using an MPEG-compatible facial animation player and

perform virtual tooth drilling within the oral cavity using a Phantom haptic device to control the drilling tool.

Drilling is performed on 3D volumetric/surface models of teeth, obtained from cross sections of real teeth.

Oct-2012

31

Searching Dental E Sources- EM Al-MadiModel adaptation using two

facial photographs

Manikin-based simulators

DentSim™, consists of a manikin with head and dentoform (plastic teeth), a dental hand-piece and a light, an infrared camera and two computers. The manikin head and the hand-piece contain infrared emitters that are tracked by the infrared camera. Using this optical tracking system to trace the movements of a hand piece, the simulator scores the accuracy of a student's cavity preparation in a manikin’s synthetic tooth.

Oct-2012

32



Image guidance simulators

Image Guided Implantology (IGI), for teaching, diagnosis, treatment planning and placement of implants. Providing a particular patient’s CAT scan, the simulator allows the patient and the virtual model image to be coordinated during the actual surgery. If the computer recognizes that the surgeon is making a serious deviation from the treatment plan during the actual surgery, the computer will stop the hand-piece and the surgeon will need to override the computer to continue.

Oct-2012

34


Haptic DevicesVirtual Reality Dental Training System

(VRDTS). Aiming for cavity preparation, the

software simulates a set of dental instruments.

Using VRDTS dental students work with a virtual decayed tooth and learn to probe it for diagnosis, use a drill to prepare a tooth for cavity repair, fill the prepared cavity with amalgam and carve the amalgam to match the original tooth contour. Unlike plastic teeth, VRDTS enables the student to feel the difference between enamel, dentin, caries, amalgam and pulp throughout the procedure.

The student's operation can be tracked precisely in real time, providing quantifiable feedback to both student and teacher.

Lastly, since the entire process is virtual, the student has the ability to zoom, rotate and even cut the tooth in cross section to better understand the process. VRDTS offers the student the opportunity to practice procedures as often as needed, with no additional cost for materials. Oct-2012

35


Haptic DevicesPerioSim Force Feedback Dental

Simulator

Students guide a stylus on-screen that resembles an explorer They can feel life-like tactile sensations as they navigate through various procedures.

Students can access PerioSim via the Internet. A realistic 3-D human mouth is shown in real-time, and the user can adjust the model position, viewpoint and transparency level.

The system allows instructors to create short scenarios of periodontal procedures, which can be saved and replayed at any time. The 3-D component permits students to replay from any angle, so the user can observe different views of the placement of the instrument and gingival relationships during a procedure, Steinberg said.

The recorded file is an actual representation of the original scenario, which offers great training potential.

The program also allows for a second playback mode, where an instructor leads the trainee through the program. By simply holding onto the haptic stylus, the trainee receives the same sensations felt by the instructor.

Oct-2012

36


General & Patient Education

Oct-2012

37




Searching Dental E-Sources

Information types Knowledge:

Literature Clinical trials Clinical learning

Patient information Demographic

information Patient history Clinical

examinationOct-2012Searching Dental E Sources- EM Al-Madi

41

Information needs(Gorman 1995)

Unrecognized need Clinician is unaware of information need or

knowledge deficit Recognized need

Clinician aware of need but may or may not pursue it

Pursued need Information seeking occurs but may or may

not be successful. Satisfied need

Information seeking successful.Oct-2012Searching Dental E Sources- EM Al-Madi

42

Facts

Data

Information

Knowledge


43

Digital Blooms by Mike Fisher, 2009Oct-2012Searching Dental E Sources- EM Al-Madi

44 Create

Evaluate

Analyze

Apply

Understand

Remember

45

Although students are presented with massive amounts of information during their course of study, more often than not, students graduate with gaps in their knowledge.

Accessing recent online information is very important to help clinicians and students answer questions that might arise during their clinical practice.


Content of Knowledge based information resources1. Bibliographic: Literature reference databases, or citations or

pointers to the medical literature. Ex. MedlineOr Web catalogs: Web pages consisting of links to other web pages and sites. Ex: www.Healthfinder.gov

2. Full text content: Online versions of books and periodicals, and websites

3. Databases/Collections: Information housed in Database management systems. They can be further categorized into information types:

Image databases Genomics databases Citation databases EBM databases Other databasesExample: Entrez system: (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Entrez)

1. Aggregations: Collections of content from the first 3 categories. Developed for all kinds of users from consumers, to clinicians to scientists. Ex. Medline plus (www.medlineplus.gov)


46

http://www.healthfinder.gov/

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Entrez

http://www.medlineplus.gov/

Differences between Traditional and Digital Libraries

Traditional LibrariesDigital libraries

Acquisition and maintenance of collectionsAcquisition and maintenance of collections

Cataloging and classification of items in collection to make them more accessible to

users.

Cataloging and classification of items in collection to make them more accessible to

users.Serving as a place where individuals can go to

seek information with assistance, including information on computers.

Seeking of information online can be easier or harder (depending on level of computer skills,

searching skill and distractions)Providing work or studying space (particularly

in universities) .No limitation on space to work can be an

advantage and disadvantage.Information in multiple copies (replaceable) Although multiple users can access at once.

Copies are constantly changingLess worry about Quality of publicationsInternet publishing may not always be quality

Items are static (easier cataloging and stable archiving)

Cataloging is more difficult due to changing nature, and access to entire journal is lost

when subscription is terminated.Oct-2012Searching Dental E Sources- EM Al-Madi

47

Issues with digital libraries Access:

Digital libraries must ensure documents have persistent identifiers (URL), so that if the document moves, it is still obtainable.

Interoperability: Ensure that resources with heterogeneous

metadata can be accessed. Intellectual property:

Establishment of who owns the information. Preservation:

Life expectancy of Storage material type and longevity

Changes in technology of storage mediaOct-2012Searching Dental E Sources- EM Al-Madi

48

Have you ever had some difficulties searching for information using the

internet ??

Search strategies


49

Planning for Your SearchPlanning for Your Search Determine your GOAL from search:

Pao’s 4 stages of search (Information Need, Question, Request) How to translate that into clinical/research needs.

Determine the SCOPE of the search: Decide on the comprehensiveness of answer, and level of evidence needed (RCT, systemic review, case report?).

Identify the KEY WORDS or concepts: From previous articles, or alternative expressions

Determine the DATABASE you need to search in (General, Organization, Journal, ect)Oct-2012Searching Dental E Sources- EM Al-Madi

50

Background infoBackground infoGeneral SearchGeneral Search

Google

Wikipedia

Google Books

Youtube


51

General Search is good for General Search is good for findingfinding……

Introductions Basic Definitions Location of Reliable information List of references Numerical data


52

Search Strategies and Tips Search Strategies and Tips 11

Using ‘AND’ narrows a search: results must include both terms, e.g.: Dental AND “Online Information”

Using ‘OR’ broadens a search: results can include either term, e.g.: Planning OR Management Benefits OR Strengths OR Advantages Dental OR “Online information”


53

Search Strategies and Tips Search Strategies and Tips 22

Using ‘NOT’ specifies a term must not appear in the results, e.g.: Cancer NOT oral

When searching for phrases, enclose using: “….. ” , e.g.: “ Lung Cancer” “ Behavioral Economics ”


54

Search Strategies and Tips Search Strategies and Tips 33 Think before you start – concept map / brain storm

Start with the catalogue – database – internet (or at least use all of the tools)

Develop a search strategy and be prepared to change it!

Record all the details of all your references as you go

You will need this information for your in text citations and reference lists

Remember one useful book / article leads to others References (back in time) Cited By (forward in time)


55

Too much or too little?Too much or too little?

Is your topic too broad?

Narrow your topic using more specific terms

Use AND, NOT Use date limiters /

search limiters

Is your search too specific?

Check your spelling!

Use TRUNCATION and OR operators

Are you looking in the right place

Maybe there isn’t much on the topic

Too Much Information Not enough information


56

Dental e-Resources


57

Googlewww.google.com


58

http://www.google.co.uk/

http://www.google.com/

Getting startedGetting started Type a keyword into the basic search

box or click on “Advanced search” for more searching options


59

Advanced searchAdvanced search

Enter keywords into the various advanced search fields to narrow

the result


60

Advanced searchAdvanced search

Limit your research to a specific author, publication or a time period


61

Advanced searchAdvanced search Find more relevant information by limiting result to a specific field of a

study


62

Search ResultSearch Result Find other paper similar to search result by clicking on the “Related

Articles” link


63

PubMedhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=PubMed


64

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=PubMed

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=PubMed

PubmedPubmed-Main pagehttp://pubmed.gov


65

SearchingSearching

1. Type a word or phrase into the query box, including subject, author and/or journal.

2. Combine search terms with connector words: “AND”, “OR” or “NOT” using upper case letters.

3. Use * at the end of the word (e.g., mimic*) if you want to search for different endings of mimic, mimicking, mimics, etc.


66

Results listResults list


67

Accessing Full-TextAccessing Full-Text Many PubMed citations have links to

the full-text of articles through PubMed Central


68

ScienceDirect

Scopus – Elsevier

Blackwell Synergy

King Saud University Library


69

http://www.sciencedirect.com/

http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/electronicproductdescription.cws_home/704746/description

http://www.digitallibrary.edu.pk/blackwell.html

http://ksu.edu.sa/sites/ksuarabic/Pages/Home.aspx

http://ksu.edu.sa/sites/ksuarabic/Pages/Home.aspx

Open-Access Journals

The Open Dentistry Journal BMC Oral Health Dental Research Journal The Brazilian Dental Journal The Internet Journal of Dental Science Contemporary Clinical Dentistry Saudi Dental Journal

Directory of open access journals


70

http://www.bentham.org/open/todentj/

http://www.doaj.org/doaj?func=further&passMe=http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcoralhealth/

http://www.doaj.org/doaj?func=further&passMe=http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcoralhealth/

http://journals.mui.ac.ir/drj

http://www.forp.usp.br/bdj

http://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijds/front.xml



http://www.doaj.org/doaj?func=further&passMe=http://www.contempclindent.org/



http://www.doaj.org/doaj?func=further&passMe=http://www.sdj.org.sa/

http://www.doaj.org/doaj?func=subject&cpid=22

Dental Societies

Saudi Dental Society American Dental Association


71

http://sds.org.sa/

http://www.ada.org/

http://www.ada.org/

http://www.bos.org.uk/

Patient Educational Websites http://www.healthfinder.gov/prevention/

ViewTopic.aspx?topicID=47

http://www.dentalsite.com/ http://www.simplyteeth.com/ http://www.dentalhealth.org.uk/ http://www.askapatient.com/ http://www.floss.com


72

http://www.healthfinder.gov/prevention/ViewTopic.aspx?topicID=47

http://www.healthfinder.gov/prevention/ViewTopic.aspx?topicID=47

http://www.dentalsite.com/

http://www.simplyteeth.com/

http://www.dentalhealth.org.uk/

http://www.askapatient.com/

http://www.floss.com/

Reference Managers


73

Reference Managers

Reference management software, citation management software or personal bibliographic management software is software for scholars and authors to use for recording and utilizing bibliographic citations (references).

Once a citation has been recorded, it can be used time and again in generating bibliographies, such as lists of references in scholarly books, articles and essays.


74

Reference management software collects a much smaller database, of the publications that have been used or are likely to be used by a particular author or group, and such a database can easily be housed on an individual's personal computer.

Ex. Open Source: Aigaion · Bebop · BibDesk · Bibus ·

Connotea · I, Librarian · JabRef · Pybliographer · refbase · refdb · Referencer · Wikindx · Zotero · J!Research

Retail: Biblioscape · Bookends · EndNote · Mendeley · Papers · ProCite · Reference Manager · RefWorks · Sente

Web Based: Aigaion · Bebop · CiteULike · Connotea · GradeGuru Citation Manager · I, Librarian · Mendeley · refbase · refdb · BibSonomy · J!Research


75

http://www.aigaion.nl/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebop_(software)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibDesk

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibus

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connotea

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I,_Librarian

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JabRef

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pybliographer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refbase

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RefDB

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referencer

Franklin D. Roosevelt

When you come to the end of your rope, tie a knot and hang on.


76

[email protected]

Searching Dental E sources- 491 Den Oct 2012

Health & Medicine