Sean McFadyen

Realising the Potential: Reservoir

Characterisation

Sean McFadyen

Geoscience Consultant

Technology Solutions Team, EESSA

© 2017 Halliburton. All rights reserved.

DID YOU KNOW SAFETY IS NOT ONLY ABOUT TAKING

PRECAUTIONS, IT’S ALSO ABOUT TAKING

RESPONSIBILITY.

At Halliburton, solving customer challenges is second only to keeping everyone

safe and healthy. You can find more safety tips at www.halliburton.com/HSE.

There’s a catch phrase that’s being heard more and more these days. “See it. Own it.” That

phrase is particularly applicable to safety.

If you see an unsafe situation, or even a potentially unsafe situation, don’t just walk away.

Take responsibility for getting it corrected.

Whether it’s in the office, while you’re traveling, or at the work site, wherever you see

something that you believe is unsafe, or could lead to an adverse incident, speak up. If it’s

unsafe to actually do something about it yourself, keep others out of the unsafe zone and

contact your supervisor.

Think how you’d feel if you did nothing, then heard later that someone was injured.

Safety Moment Subject suggested by: Allen McClure, Halliburton Employee

3 © 2017 Halliburton. All rights reserved.

Agenda

▌ Unconventional Reservoir

▌ CYPHERSM Service: What is it?

▌ Reservoir Characterisation – Where to Drill?

- Key Components

- Reservoir Characterisation Objectives

- An example of the tools used in the CYPHER workflow

- The Output – Interactive Earth Model

▌ The Value

- Case study example


What is Unconventional?

Coalbed Methane Shale Tight Gas/Tight Oil


Weight of the Properties for Success Changes Between Plays

Traditional Reservoir Tight Rock Reservoir

Trap

Reservoir Timing

Seal

Source

Source Rock Reservoir

Source

Productivity

Net Pay

Trap Reservoir

Continuity

Timing

Seal

Maturity

Brittleness

Original

Hydrocarbon in

Place

Areal Extent Average Depth

Net Thickness

Total

Organic

Content

Conventional Unconventional


Drilling Engineering Solutions Tech Teams Formation Reservoir Solutions

Integration

Collaboration +

Integrated Well Intervention Integrated Completion Solutions

Integrated Drilling Solutions

Halliburton - serves the upstream oil and gas industry throughout the lifecycle

of the reservoir

Artificial Lift Production Solutions Cementing


CYPHERSM Service: What is it?

▌ The premier optimisation solution designed to

solve the complex challenges of your

unconventional reservoirs

▌ A proprietary, collaborative workflow that

combines geosciences techniques and applied

engineering, enabling you to better predict and

produce unconventional reserves to maximize

profitability

▌ It optimises access to hydrocarbons through a

combination of lateral length, spacing,

orientation, and fracturing


© 2017 Halliburton. All rights reserved.

Reservoir Characterisation

Resolving uncertainty in the reservoir


Resolving uncertainty in the reservoir Delivering customized technologies

INSIGHT EXECUTION

Our end goal is to advance the reservoir understanding so that we can identify the best reservoir targets

within the field and target our wellbores to connect to the most prolific layers within these areas.


Five Key Components of the CYPHERSM Service

Acquire Data

Build an Earth Model

Plan and Drill Wells

Optimize Completions

History Match

▌ Non-linear

▌ Iterative

▌ Performed in series or concurrently

▌ May be repeated throughout the project

▌ Helps build interactive Earth Model

SINGLE WELL FULL FIELD OPERATIONS


Reservoir Characterisation

Key components

Basin modeling

Core analysis

Petrophysical logging

3D seismic

Earth modeling


Structure – Reservoir structure map for key horizons

Thickness – Reservoir gross and net thickness maps

for key horizons

Porosity – Porosity determination using wireline,

logging while drilling (LWD), and core data

Saturation – Gas/oil saturation analysis using wireline,

LWD, and core data

TOC – Total organic carbon (TOC) using wireline, LWD,

and core data

Rock/Log – Integration and validation of petrophysical

and core

Pressure – Formation pore pressure prediction and

measurement data

Reservoir Characterisation Objectives

Fluids – Oil API gravity, gas gravity, gas/oil ratio,

H2S, CO2

Temperature – Geothermal gradient/temperature

analysis

Frac Design – Rock physics and rock mechanics,

rock brittleness

VRo – Thermal maturity/vitrinite reflectance analysis

Volume – Original-oil-in-place (OOIP) and original-gas-

in-place (OGIP) analyses and maps

Seismic – Seismic attribute analysis and

geohazard identification

and more…


AssetXpertSM – Advanced Low-Perm Asset Workflow Solution

▌ We need petrophysical solutions that will define the most optimum techniques to deliver the

most oil and gas to market.

▌ The Halliburton AssetXpertSM integrated analysis solution, based on a calibrated workflows

for tight/shale/carbonate reservoirs, can bring all the pieces together.

▌ It allows you to build reservoir models to exploit these resources.


▌ Features

- Uses a combination of all OH logging tools as

input and provides an integrated result

- Total Organic Content (TOC) estimation and

organic maturity

- Fluid and Minerals Evaluation (FAMETM)

- Advanced saturation modeling

- Mechanical properties and brittleness

- 3D stress and orientation

- Permeability

- Pay analysis

▌ Define the Sweet Spot

- Higher index of brittleness and low plasticity =

highest fracture complexity and most surface

area

- Lowest effective closure stress

- Highest effective porosity (most free gas)

- Least amount of clay layering per unit volume

(low VTI anisotropy)

- Most amount of microfractures per unit volume

(high HTI anisotropy)

- Highest TOC-FT when thermally mature

AssetXpertSM


The Output: Interactive Earth Model

▌ Enables constant upgrading of the platform for continuous recalibration and optimization of

drilling and completion designs

▌ Identifies sweet spots, well placement, and property extraction using 3D seismic data and

geostatistical capabilities

▌ Models natural fracture networks and interaction with hydraulic-induced fractures

▌ Decreases uncertainty and increases prediction, improving EUR


CYPHERSM Seismic-to-Stimulation Service – Well Placement

Well 1 – Client Placement

Well 2 – CYPHERSM Seismic-to-

Stimulation Service Placement

▌ Where to Drill?

▌ Validate well location in target reservoir section

▌ Optimise perforation placement

▌ Evaluate stimulation design


The Earth Model is also used to determine Where to Frac

- Frac Design and Placement

Used in Most Wells in NA

Pre-determined Intervals

Pre-determined Fracture Designs

Under-Stimulated

Under-Stimulated

Under-Stimulated Non-Productive

Non-Productive

Non-Productive


The Earth Model is also used to determine Where to Frac

- Frac Design and Placement

Used in Most Wells in NA

Pre-determined Intervals

Pre-determined Fracture Designs

Intervals Chosen by Reservoir Properties

Frac Design Tailored for Reservoir Properties


The Value - Improve Your Economic Returns

OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY

WELL PRODUCTIVITY

=COST PER

BOE

~40%

▌ Optimise production of shale and tight reservoirs, improving EUR

▌ Reduce uncertainty for increased predictable results

▌ Reduce cost per BOE

▌ Maximise net present value

▌ Improve client’s economic returns


Case Study: Multi-discipline collaboration using Earth Model and CYPHER

service creates value in Permian Basin, USA

Challenges

An operator in the Permian Basin drilled and completed three unconventional horizontal wells in the

Delaware Basin, but, after a year, results had not proven economical.

Believing the field had more to offer, the operator turned to Halliburton to help solve its unconventional

challenge.

Solution

Collaborated with the operator and applied the CYPHERSM Seismic-to-Stimulation Service to address the

challenges and improve well performance while achieving the lowest cost per BOE.

To gain better subsurface insight, we built an interactive earth model, using DecisionSpace® Earth

Modeling software, which allows the drilling, reservoir, completion, and geological and geophysical (G&G)

disciplines to work together on a single platform.

Along with the subsurface expertise, Halliburton provided the wellsite services for the drilling and

completion operations including cement, drill bits, mud, directional, completion tools, wireline logging, and

fracture stimulation.

Results

Drilling time to total depth (of the well) was reduced from 60 days to 21 days - a new record for the area

Drilled and completed four of the top five producing wells in the basin

Reduced cost per BOE by 46 percent vs. offset competitor wells


Who to Contact, Where to Get More Information

Sean McFadyen

Geoscience Consultant,

Technology Solutions team, Consulting & Project Management, EESSA region

[email protected]

www.halliburton.com/

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Sean McFadyen

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