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JULY 1964

l l ^ SmnFNTS FOR A STUDENTS FOP A

DEMOCRATIC

SOCIETY

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AT 119 FIFTH AVE., ROOM 302. NEW YORK CITY 10003

1964

CQNVENT1Q DAY TO CHALLENGE" McC ORMACK1* "«R0SEri

The independent campaign of Noel Day for Congress from Boston seeks to test and to validate the political relevance of peace as an election issue in 196b. It connects peace with the issues of racial justice and social change — directly, explicitly and in an election campaign. It needs the help of those who believe that these issues are connected, and merits the attention of those who want to find out.

Dayfs opponent is John McCormack, the Speaker of the U. S. House of Representatives and the acting Vice-President. In the statement announcing his candidacy, Day pointed out that his district has the second highest rate of unemployment in Massachusetts and that one house in three is substandard. "Yet," he said, "these same citizens have long been .represented '•-by one of the nation1 s most powerful po-lfbtcal figures."

(continued on page 29)

v»„^/

By C. CXAM KISSINGER

"The Hole of the Radical i n American In s t i t u t i o n s and Movements." This was the theme of the 196b SDS National Convention held June l l - l b in Pine H i l l , N. Y. Although the geographical i n a c c e s s i b i l i t y of Pine H i l l held the Convention down t o 208 r e g i s t r a n t s (plus a few f ree loader s ) , excel lent Chapter represen ta t ion was achieved, a l o t of s t imula t ing debate t r ansp i r ed , and some important dec is ions were made.


INSIDE ... Pres iden t ' s Views pp . 2-3 Civ i l Rights pp . 3 4 | PREP Report , . pp . 5-6 ERAP Reports pp . 6-16 Convention Documents . . . . . . . . . . . p p . 17-21

I Chapter Reports pp. 22-26 »0n Carapes Organizing p . 2? jNC Report, LTD Hews . . . . . . . . . . . . pp . 28-29 jHational Sec re t a ry ' s Report . . . . . . . . p . 31 jUp-to-date l i t e r a t u r e l i s t . . . . . . p p . 33-3b

PRE KJ) By PAUL POTTER

This year's National Convention was not the sort to leave any uniform impressions about its meaning or implications. No doubt organizational polemics will make use of it frequently to prove various conflicting points about the problems facing SDS after two full years since Port Huron. My own feeling about the event which has so decisively redirected my life is one of affirmative agnosticism — which is to say that I see no single correct interpretation of what did transpire but rather a number of reasonable analyses, each of which gives a particular set of problems that were expressed thematic significance. This is not to say that understanding the Convention is an arbitary intellectual exercise; rightly or wrongly, the Convention provides much of the data by which we must judge the condition of the organization, and a compilation of its various meanings is necessary to understand the complexity of SDS and the kinds of problems and people in it.

At this distance, there are three major concerns that I have about the Convention. The first regards the first real leadership crisis I have seen in the organization. A number of SDS' venerable old guard came to the Convention feeling secure in the knowledge of the organization's phenomenal growth during the last two years and confident that they could step back from the positions of responsibility they had held for a number of years while a new set of student radicals elbowed them aside. There was little elbowing; there was rather a real confusion over the failure of SDS' older leadership to give definition to the issues that were facing the organization and to help formulate debate around these issues. The result was pretty much what one would expect from a debate over unformulated issues -* a fair amount of frustration, a good deal of confusion, and occasionally, to be sure; some incisive and cogent remarks about SDS.

Many, I'm sure, felt they had been deserted by the main strategists of the development of SDS; and in some elements the leadership default resembled desertion. However, the problem is deeper, more structural and less personal. The development of SDS to date has much more represented the attempt by a

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few to pull together the organizational and intellectual conception of an American New Left than it has the development of a student organization, radical or otherwise. Some of the early issues that attracted people to the organization were "student" issues, such as university reform, but these kinds of issue have consistently diminished in their importance, almost from before the official birth of SDS at Port Huron. There would be little reason to lament this were it not for the fact that the growth away from campus issues has represented in large part the growth of SDS leadership rather than of the organization as a whole.

In part, it was the recognition of the gap that existed between membership and leadership that led much of SDS* leadership to begin reorienting its thinking to some new form of adult organization, fraternally tied to SDS but operating independently in a number of areas. The vehicles for the transition to a new organization were seen more as PREP and ERAP than SDSt which has had the peculiar effect of making it unnecessary to build the new organization openly out of the old; instead, the effect is to pull two projects of SDS further and further away from its direction. It seems to me that the real debate over ERAP should have been about how (or whether) an adult and student organization could relate to it with different needs; but that debate was submerged by the nominal allegience of older SDS members to the student framework.

The discussion that didn't take place at the Convention must begin forthwith in the organization. The fact is that the student generation that built SDS must and will graduate from direct leadership responsibilities in the organization. This group, however, will take with it a good deal more than facts; it will take a number of the intellectual and organizational functions that have clustered around SDS for the last iuo years. What is and should be left is a question for the entire community of people who have come to identify with SDS to discuss — in relation to the development both of adult and student organization.

But this brings me to my second main worry from the Convention, which is a corollary of the first: the real failure of a large number of new and uncommitted people in the organization to see themselves as the formulators of its program. Only part of that is explained on the basis of a leadership default. The rest depends on a rather uncurious acceptance of the national framework of activity that has developed in SDS. A new and expanded network of people who see themselves as the owners of the organization must begin to emerge, or the possibility for an independent radical student organization will disappear. There is no question in my mind that there is a much greater array of talent represented in SDS today than when it began. Perhaps what is lacking at the moment is a shared organizational vision of the possibility of SDS' becoming an intellectual and political force involving thousands of students effectively and strategically in radical action. I fear sometimes that we have let our increasing realism about American society stifle imagination in reaching out to each other and our fellows to create the resources that can truly change the nature of life in this society.

The third problem that the convention brought to the fore is only partially a product of the first two. There seemed to me to be a peculiar lack of capacity to talk about program for SDS below the vaguely ideological plane. For example, the debate on political vs. community organization resounded triumphantly back and forth in the room without ever taking into consideration such questions as how a proposed program may or may not affect or interest the people in the organization who must implement it — the membership. There was little or no inquiry into the nature of the student generation that we are trying to recruit or keep in SDS. There was an unwillingness on the part of some to recognize that the expectations of students about political involvement are markedly changed from a few years ago. There was no real attempt to break "campus program" down into its components and examine their real worth and potential.

tion, its state of health, its potential for new growth, and its agenda for the coming year. The reexamination is sobering j in two years we have created a host of problems, solved few, and now must begin to outline yet more problems if we are to continue to face and fulfill the demand for democracy and plenty.

Miss. FREEDOM MVMT

The following resolution, proposed by Jim Williams, was passed by acclamation at the June SDS National Convention:

WHEREAS the Freedom Movement in Mississippi is seeking new forms of political expression which will democratically involve the poor and the oppressed peoples. of Mississippi, and;

WHEREAS the autocratic segregationist power system has systematically maintained the almost total disenfranchisement of the Negro people, and;

WHEREAS the Negroes and their allies, in order to fight for democracy, have formed the Freedom Democratic Party which will attempt to substitute itself for the segregationist regular Democratic machine at the Democratic National Convention;

BE IT RESOLVED that: Students for a Democratic Society urges its members and friends to support and assist the efforts of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party to obtain its rightful place in the .' Democratic Party organization, and exhorts all freedom-loving people to lend their resources to this great effort.

I M P O R T A N T !

There will be a mass demonstration before the Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City, to be held in late August, in support of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party1s right to be seated at the convention. Sponsors of the demonstration at this writing include CORE and SDS. Buses will be chartered to the convention, leaving from New York City and possibly other areas. For further informa-

K! o The case of the three missing SNCC workers in Mississippi has occasioned much comment from liberal and radical circles. In a statement issued at Harvard Law School on June 30, for example, 28 law professors declared that "the Federal power to take protective action in the circumstances that now prevail in Mississippi is clear." They went on to say; "Surely there is reason to believe that violence and combination are now so hindering the execution of the laws of Mississippi and of the United States as to deny to the Negroes of Mississippi rights secured by the Constitution and laws of the United States. . . • Violence, combination and conspiracy in Mississippi are unquestionably obstructing the execution of the civil rights laws of the United States — the provisions, that is, of Sections 198l and 1983 of Title kZ and the provisions of the Acts of 1957 and i960 with respect to voting rights.

"Doubtless some creditable considerations of expedience could be cited to support a decision against now taking vigorous_pre-sidential action under Section 333 /of Title 10 of the United States Code/ in Mississippi. Surely, however, the Attorney General's position would be less misleading and therefore less perilous if he would acknowledge that the President today has power to act but believes that "police action" under Section 333 is inadvisable. . . . It is at once disappointing and ironic that the Department of Justice, which has been bold beyond precedent in successfully urging the Supreme Court that the judiciary possesses the broadest powers to enforce the constitutional assurances of equality, should now discover non-existent barriers to executive action."

SNCC itself had this to say about the Federal government's non-intervention in Mississippi:

"Since the June 21st 'disappearance' in Mississippi of James Chaney, Michael Schwerner and Andrew Goodman, the federal government and an accomodating press have engaged in an unconscionable campaign to condition the American people, as well as the foreign press, to accept the inevitability of murders, beatings, bombings and false arrests in the state of Mississip

pi, These terrorist activities have existed in that state for more than 100 years and have intensified since i960 when Civil Rights activity began in earnest. The inevitability of terror in Mississippi can only mean the inevitability of terror anywhere in this country, "hen Attorney General Robert Kennedy announces that there is very little the federal government can do to prevent a reign of terror in Mississippi, he has really given notice to every racist thug and vigilante in Mississippi, and throughout the South, that in this election year the present administration finds it politically inexpedient to exercise its constitutional mandate to prevent the brutalizing of the bodies, the destruction of the property of American citizens engaged in peaceful petition for the exercise of rights guaranteed by the Constitution, rights which President Johnson and Attorney General Kennedy, in taking their oaths of office, swore to uphold. If terror is inevitable in Mississippi it is because President Johnson and Attorney General Kennedy have chosen to allow it to be inevitable'" ****************************************

TELEQRAH FROM PAUL POTTER, PRESIDFJT OF S.D.S., TO THE JUSTICE DEP'T OF THE U.S. ******** ********************************

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THREE MORE MEN HAVE BEEN MURDERED IN THE SOUTH. YOU CANNOT ESCAPE THE FACT THAT YOU HAVE THE POWER TO HALT ATROCITIES IN MISSISSIPPI. A GOVERNMENT THAT SEARCHES FOR CORPSES l.'HILE REFUSING TO PROTECT LIFE MOCKS THE VERY REASON FOR ITS EXISTENCE. YOU MUST INTERVENE FORCEFULLY, MASSIVELY, NOW.

"The passage of the Civil Rights Bill will in no way diminish the need for demonstrations in the North," stated Noel Day, candidate for U.S. Congress from Boston's C D . Nine.

"The new civil rights bill does not deal with the problems of the North," Day continued. "The Fair Employment section of the Law will not provide enough jobs for Negroes until there are enough jobs for everyone. Nor does the Law deal with slum housing or de facto segregated schools

D By PAUL BOOTH

PREP is spending the summer planning for the fall. We anticipate considerable financial backing for the coming year, e-nough to maintain myself and Todd Gitlin as permanent staff, and to do a great deal of travel.

So, this summer is being used to prepare program materials. The areas of emphasis for the coming year will be (a) the draft, (b) third world, and (c) conversion. I am preparing a program paper — Towards an Effective Peace Program on Campus — which will be mailed to thousands of peaceniks in the fall, and which will outline and justify the areas of emphasis of PREP. Anybody who wants to see it in draft form, and who will send comments on it to me during the summer, should write me here.

PREP is moving to integrate its campus programming with that of the Universities Committee on Peace and War, a faculty group directed by Otto Feinstein of Wayne State. Travel will be coordinated with Feinstein, and we hope to develop student and faculty groups on the same campuses.

With the dissolution of SPU at their recent convention, PREP has been left as the sole service for campus peace groups. We are attempting to make available literature, program guides, etc., for any campus group interested in the peace issue — be it an SDS chapter, a Christian. Association, a Young Deras group, or an SPU group.

Most interesting for future reference is the conversion project in the Boston area, jointly sponsored by PREP and ERAP. Directed by Chuck Levenstein of MIT, a half-dozen students are working full-time in the Bedford area among defense workers (primarily engineers) who are beginning to feel the blow of defense spending cuts in the form of lay-offs from their plants. The project will hopefully develop into community organizations for conversion throughout the Boston area, and the chapters in the

area will be putting a great deal of energy into community organizing around the conversion issue next fall.

It is to be hoped that similar projects can be set up in other impacted areas, such as Seattle, San Diego, Camden and Long Island. During November, after the second series of installation closings, I will be on an extended speaking tour at campuses in the impacted areas.

I have v/ritten an article for the next issue of V/ar-Peace Report challenging a piece by Prof. Emile Benoit in the current issue, which opposed the linking of the conversion issue to the war on poverty. As the impact of defense cutbacks grows, we will be seeing these issues as more and more inseparable.

All our hopes for converting America from the Cold l/ar may go down the drain, however, if our war in Vietnam escalates to the proportions of another Korea. We are certainly teetering on the brink right now. Apparently no one anymore recognizes the borders between Laos, North Vietnam and South Vietnam as constraints on raiding expeditions, and the spectre of a full-scale war is present in every speech of McNamara and Rusk.

Senators Wayne Morse and Ernest Gruen-ing have been carrying on a courageous attack against the war in Vietnam every day on the Senate floor. Senator Morse, a member of the Foreign Relations Committee and thereby privy to top-secret information, is convinced that we are headed directly toward an all-out war, and that "we will be hated by the majority of mankind for the next five hundred years."

Throughout history, foreign war has wrecked movements for domestic reform. We should not think that our ERAP projects/Would survive very long after the declaration of war in Vietnam. Civil liberties would be suspended and half of us would be drafted. We would be especially vulnerable if we spoke the truth — that the war is a war of re-

PREP pression, and that the majority of the people of South Vietnam side with our opponents.

There is precious little we can do to affect American policy. V/e are almost as impotent as we were before the resumption of tests in March, 1962. This time, however, we have allies among many Americans v/ho are reacting to the daily deaths of our soldiers in an undeclared war of attrition, in a faraway place which means nothing to most of our fellow-citizens. Goldwater is responding to their anxiety by calling for all-out war — to get the thing over and done with and American boys back home. Because it is simple to demonstrate how fatuous his policies are, it should be almost as simple to convince the constituency at which his remarks aimed that we must withdraw.

Isolationist Senators like Ellender of Louisiana favor withdrawal. Rep. Laird, Chairman of the GOP Platform Committee, favors withdrawal to the war of attrition, although he believes in the workability of Goldwater's schemes. During this election year we have a good opportunity to call for withdrawal, and that opportunity must be used. Wherever the political candidates are found — county fairs, shopping centers, railroad stations, etc. — we should be leafleting for v/ithdrawal. PREP will distribute handbills during the fall for use at election rallies. This job should be sen as a major task for chapters. In adoption, educational materials on Vietnam are being prepared, and we already ha-*"-, at hand copies of a study by David Arnold: "Vietnam, Symptom of a World Malaise," which can be ordered from PREP for 100.

HELP Tutors needed for special remedial reading and math program for junior high school students in the Bronx.

For information on how to help, contact SUSAN HYMAN at LU 8-1000, after I P . M.

\s

BA TIMORE By KIM MOODY

After a week of preparation, the offices of the Baltimore project opened on July 1st. Since the project will be attempting to organize the unemployed, it was decided to establish an organization of the unemployed and recruit directly to it. The name of the organization is the Union for Jobs or Income Now (U-JOIN); it has two offices, one at 10^2 K. Gay, in a Negro area, and 326 S. Broadway, in a white area. Given the fact that Negroes are likely to move faster than whites, it was decided to go slower at the Gay St. office. The Broadway office began operations by leafleting the neighborhood for two days; this, hov/ever, had little apparent effect. For the first few days our primary contacts were with those who came by the office. The area consists of various ethnic groups (Poles, Italians, Ukraziians, Czechs) as well as immigrants from Appalachia and the south. So far most of those who have come in the office have been of these latter tv/o groups. All who have come in were responsive to our program and most readily left their names and addresses for further contact. While this type of haphazard recruiting continued, staff workers went into the neighborhood to talk to people and learn more about the area. We have learned a good deal about the unions and churches here as well as certain ethnic organizations, such as the Polish National Alliance (PNA).

On Monday, July 6, we began leafleting the Unemployment Compensation line. This proved more fruitful than our previous leafleting the neighborhood. V/e have had several phone calls and visits as a result of this work on the Comp. line. Since Monday v/e have developed a very -useful contact in the Polish community, an active member of the PNA (which he claims is liberal) and on good terms 10.th the local priests. He will do fund-raising for us and introduce us to various people in the community. He confirmed our research by insisting that

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ACTION AND RESEARCH unemployment was high in the area; further he said there is a strong union tradition here. There is, of course, a lot of racism in the area. Most of the people with whom we have had direct contact seem to respond to economic arguments for black-white unity in economic organizations, but it remains to be seen how the race question will affect us.

The people encountered in the Broadway office have included a fair share of characters. We have had a couple of old and not-so-old leftist workers and one old fascist, who liked our program (God help us). Most of the guys, however, are just plain workers who distrust politicians and have little love for the "bosses."

On the service end of the program, the Broadway office has already started to handle three cases. The first case looks as though it is won. It involved a man who was cut off welfare when his wife died. We got ahold of his case worker and, through a couple of contacts v/e had down there, raised hell. The Welfare Department thereupon reopened his case — which they had insisted was closed — and it looks like we will win. The second case involved an unemployed worker who was about to be evicted because he could not pay his rent. V/e took him down to the Welfare Dep't and, after another long fight with the bureaucracy, our point was made; this morning the man should get his emergency rent check. U-JOIN has already made quite a name for itself at the Dep't of Public Welfare. Our third case was simply giving a guy information on how to get welfare when his Comp. checks stopped. The Gay St. office has taken a couple of cases too. They are working with a young Negro who gets paid il.00 a week. Naturally, they are trying to get him a raise. There was discussion as to whether or not we should handle cases of this sort. It was decided that such cases were relevant to the Negro area, mostly in terms of building a neighborhood reputation. In terms of general activity, the Gay St. office has begun leafleting their area and has sent out staff members to the Comp. line with us every day, so that we have integrated teams.

We are beginning to learn about places where the unemployed are said to congregate and will send people there. We are planning to have our first meeting for the unemployed next week.

BOSTON By CHUCK LEVMSTEIN

Metropolitan Boston has a population of over three million, but less than one-fourth of this number live in Boston proper. This city, like many others, seems to be on the decline. Poor transportation strangles the city; traditional industries have been leaving; unemployment is rather high; and a shrinking tax-base has cut off the resources needed to cope with these problems.

By contrast, suburban Boston has been booming. The heaviest concentration of defense electronics research and manufacturing in the country has grown up along Route 128, a multi-lane freeway which runs in a great semi-circle from the North Shore to the South Shore at a distance of ten to fifteen miles from the city center.

Bedford is an integral part of the Route 128 complex. Located in the town are Hanscom Field, home of the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories and the Electronics Systems Division; and civilian support groups, such as the Systems Development Corporation, the Mitro Corporation and MIT's Lincoln Laboratories.

In the decade 1950-60, the population of Bedford increased by 109-6%. Of the 7,635 persons Ik years old and over, 38.8^ were in the civilian labor force. More than one-fourth of that number were classified as "professional, technical and kindred" workers and slightly greater than 15% were "craftsmen, foremen, etc." in 1960-Median family income was $7,893 (about 31,200 higher than for the Metropolitan Boston area) and almost 30% of the families had income of $10,000 per year or more. Less than 5% received income of under 33,000. A very small percentage of the housing (k.S$>) is deteriorating or dilapidated; median value of "one-

ERAP... dwelling-unit structures" is 317,800, almost 32,000 more than the similar figure for the Boston Metropolitan area.

Early this year it was proposed that the Electronics Systems Division be moved to Rome, New York. According to the Research and Development Department of the Boston Chamber of Commerce, "The proposed transfer of the U. S. Air Force's Electronics Operations from Hanscom Field to Rome, New York, would have had/7 the following effect on the Massachusetts economy:

A. The direct loss of 2,238 civilian jobs at ESD alone, and the potential loss of 5^762 indirect support jobs.

B. The direct loss of 4,000 military personnel, 90% of whom live off the base.

C. The direct loss of %kr} million in civilian and military payroll per year, and potential loss of an additional $3^ million per year.

D. The loss of m million per year in lo-cal procurement, 80$o of which is awarded to small business firms.

E. The de-activation of over $63 million invested in the facilities.

F. Aggravation of the serious distressed status of the Lowell-Haverhill-Lawrence metropolitan areas which supply 2C$ of the work at ESD alone.

G. The loss of 1,202 ESD jobs to the Boston metropolitan area, which is at its highest rate in years, 5.8% or 17,^00 unemployed.

H. Major flight of support industry to the new location.

I. Resultant loss of a significant portion of S135 million awarded yearly to Massachusetts firms.

J. Total potential loss of $230 million per year to the Massachusetts economy."

The direct impact on Bedford would have been the loss of ^56 jobs and 13,595,696

in Bedford would have rocketed from 2%

to 17#.

The proposal was defeated, but the concern it generated for the future of the defense-oriented electronics industry still remains. This concern has been strengthened by over 11,000 layoffs during the last year in the Massachusetts electronics industry.

It has been estimated that from 3|000 to 4,000 scientists and engineers have been laid off by the companies along Route 128 during the last six months. Since January, for example, General Electric has been cutting back its scientific employees at the rate of 25 a week.

V/ith new emphases in the defense area, many companies are rapidly approaching a precarious financial position. At present, their main line of defense has been to submit and resubmit proposals to the government. In one firm, over half of thi total force of engineers (approx. 150) were given the task of creating "sellable" contracts. Just recently, the companies in the Bedford area were involved in an abortive effort to create a "Super-Corporation" to represent them in Washington. As a group, these companies are very worried. They are also very vulnerable .

On the state level of government, Governor Peabody created an ad hoc body, which has just gotten legal existence, to study the economic problems of the Greater Boston area. This body is already committed to studying the defense industfy in Massachusetts and the problems of reconversion .

It seems obvious, then, that for many residents of Bedford, Massachusetts, the economy is unrewarding. A need exists Aor concerted community organization, revolving around both the technical problems of reconversion and the moral problem of war and peace.

At present, the Boston project is conducting a survey of Bedford residents dealing with their social and political views. Besides bringing together some basic information, this survey will hopefully

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EUAP... isolate individual leaders in the community who will be effective in further efforts of community organization. Through contacts with "liberal" organizations and individuals in Boston, we are in the process of developing a file of basic information dealing with the companies in Bedford and the surrounding area involved in defense contract work, their employees, and other material relating to the technical side of reconversion and existing and potential state and federal legislation in this field.

To date we have held two public meetings at the Episcopal Church in Bedford. The meetings have been small, but we have succeeded in developing interest in the project among liberals in the community and among representatives of mainstream Bedford organizations. In cooperation with these groups we are now in the process of laying out short-range goals around which a community might be built.

While most of our efforts to date have been encouraging, at this point it is difficult to predict the future direction of the project. This will, in large part, be contingent on the degree of commitment we can develop among our Bedford friends. 3y the summer's end, the Boston staff will have accumulated a great deal of useful information on the pains and prospects of community organization in middle-class communities.

ever, a report issued by the Pennsylvania State police concerning their own investigation of police brutality found no unnecessary action on their part during the spring demonstrations. The announcement of these findings caused* the eruption of further demonstrations protesting this investigation and the harshness it concealed. Three nights a week these marches occur with the same air of peaceful protest which surrounded them in the spring. As a result, Governor Scranton has initiated a second investigation not only of the police action but also of the illegal court proceedings and exorbitant bails which were forced on the arrested. A second result of the ever-mounting protest..in Chester is an extensive city improvement program entitled the Greater Chester Movement. Modeled after a similar phenomenon in nearby Philadelphia, the Greater Chester Movement reveals an intensive interest on the part of church, business and political leaders as well as other interested persons in a massive improvement program for the city.

Front-page drama continues in Chester, and although the SDS EEAP summer project is an active participant in its demonstrations and rallies, perhaps its other activities will be its most significant contribution to the Chester movement.

pupSTFR V__^ X X J—J K-J X J I 1 I

By TOM LAHGE

Chester, Pennsylvania remains in the news. Some 250 men and women, arrested in a series of mass demonstrations this spring, await their October trials and hope that their appeal for a change of Venue will be granted. These are the victims of brutal beatings inflicted by both the Chester police and the Pennsylvania State police. The demonstrators remember vividly what is only now being acknowledged by such groups as the American Civil Liberties Union, Americans for Democratic Action, andxnumerous ministerial groups in Delaware county and the.".immediate area. The brutal action of the police has been investigated. How-

The Chester project spent its early energies in research. Planning for work in block organization and perhaps some voter registration, its ten members hoped to compile a chart of information on population distribution and income. From the land title building we learned where one landlord owned a number of houses in a relatively small area. Unlike New York City, Chester has few tenements. Most of its housing is three-story row or double housing, a fact which may prove to be a hurdle for rent strike organization. One landlord might own an entire city block and still receive rent from only thirty families- From city housing records we learned where the city thought the worst housing was. We also studied plans obtained from the city planning commission dealing with their urban renewal program

j for the lower west side, where most of the J Negro population is concentrated. Most of I these plans showed clearance of housing ! and building of industrial and park pro-

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EZAP perties. There were no plans for the mass of residents now living in the houses •• • which are to be torn down.

The previous information provided a basis for decisions on where to begin block organization* We thought that areas with the poorest housing and few slumlords, in which tenants were threatened with an urban renewal program that took their homes but provided no replacement, would be most likely to succeed as block organizations aimed at a large-scale rent strike. Research was also done in the area of unemployment. Here we found that even skilled and semiskilled workers (who equal almost 50% of those who come through the unemployment compensation office) could not find work in Chester. Perhaps this partially accounts for the very great high school drop-out rate in the city. If skilled workmen cannot find a job in Chester, then a high school diploma cannot improve opportunities at all for the young person just beginning to look for work. Although the unemployment compensation office receives nearly 1900 people a week it finds few jobs, and does not touch numbers of unemployed who have never had a job.

Further research was done concerning rent strikes. We learned from some sympathetic attorneys that the law almost without exception favors slumlords and property. There is no legal way not to pay rent regularly in Chester. The tenant has few rights and if the slumlord is at all experienced in the preparation of a lease, he can easily remove even these from his tenant. We were told, "Don't talk to lawyers; the law is anti-rent strike, and even if it weren't you would have little chance against the city magistrates.1* But using this information on the legal rights of tenants and landlords, in addition to what we had learned about ownership and housing regulations, we began to work in the community. We v/anted to concentrate on issues connected with housing and the neighborhood. Each member of the project is responsible for one area, usually not bigger than two blocks, which occupies most of his or her time. There have been seven meetings so far, with varying success. Working with us on block organization are a number of the Young Adult Coun

cil, a group of older teenagers, as well as people active in the Committee for Freedom How in specific communities.

In addition to rent strike through block organization, the project may work in the voter registration drive being initiated by the Young Adult Council and the Reform Democratic Party of Delaware County. w"e may be able to work on voter registration within the block organization structure; if this is not possible, we hope to find door-to-door manpower in both the Young Adult Council and the Democratic Party, and perhaps among some white high school students in the city.

Although the project is small and has just begun to work in the community, there has already been significant research completed and careful plans for organization laid. Few members of the project have had experience in community organization but the recent first block meetings and the continuing work with the Committee for Freedom Now have made all of us more aware of possible goals and some of the methods to try to realize these goals.

CHICAGO By LEE WEBB

With the addition of the 12 full-time people from the summer project, the JOIN office on the north side has been able to considerably expand its program, primarily in three major areas. First, staffing the Kedzie Street office full-time, redecorating it, and expanding the social service department. Secondly, setting up local committees of JOIN in areas where large numbers of unemployed contacts live. Third, researching on the legislation on unemployment, problems of Chicago, etc.

We have repainted the JOIN office, including a second coat on the walls; also we have added some new signs, and plan more. The condition and looks of the office have certainly improved, and it has shown in the amount of people who come into the office.

New leaflets are now being prepared every week, and at least one person is always leafleting the compensation office during the hours that it is open. Also, five people work directly in the office talking

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ERA?... to the unemployed (about 25 a day) who f •« come in about problems of unemplopent compensation and about JOIN as an organization. We have found that it is very easy to talk with them about full employment, medicare for all, automation, etc.; they are very receptive to all our ideas. They are also interested in being part of an organization of the unemployed, but the level of their commitment is very low because of their awareness of the difficulties involved in starting an organization which really represents workers. The office is also working on leaflets dealing with automation, unemployment compensation and corruption which will ultimately be used in the education part of an organization of the unemployed.

Furthermore, we are now beginning to set up local committees of JOIN in various neighborhoods in the north side in which there are heavy concentrations of the unemployed. V/e are using the lists of people received from the guys who came into the JOIN office; after plotting all these contacts (about 200) on a map, we have begun sending out teams of two to work v/ith the contacts and set up a number of local committees of JOIN. V/e feel it important to v/ork on developing an extensive base of leadership, program and commitment rather than simply going after explosive publicity in the newspapers. The development of an organization of the unemployed involves a long-term commitment over a number of years; this cannot be stressed enough.

Other plans for the summer include meetings with local unions to talk about JOIN to their membership and leadership to get some of them involved in our organization. Secondly, we hope to get their assistance in setting up plant gate collections to raise money for JOIN. V/e plan, moreover, to investigate Manpower, Inc., an exploitative national company hiring and selling unskilled day labor; as well as look into the relief program here in the city, especially the rumors that relief people are being forced to go to work at no pay. These form additional issues to our central concern of employment and unemployment, and we plan to do additional res-search on the retraining programs as well

tional government to this problem.

As in national politics, many organizations are becoming interested here in poverty and unemployment. One of the most interesting examples is CORE'S establishment of a task force with a staff of 15 to work on organizing the Negro unemployed.

JOIN is also beginning to expand into other cities. Tv/o of the ERAP projects, in Philadelphia and Baltimore, have also adopted the JOIN name; and some publicity materials, especially large posters, are being prepared for use in all the offices. V/e have also found people in Kansas City, Gary, Indiana and Cleveland, who are interested either in setting up a JOIN-type organization or in adopting the name.

\ i—( JZJ V JZJ J—) J~\ IN LJ By NANCI HOLLANDER

After two weeks of door-to-door canvassing and searching out contacts on the Near V/est Side of Cleveland, the Cleveland Community Project has begun to focus its activity and research on the initial stages of organization. The community houses an older and relatively stable Eastern European population combined with the more recent emigration of Southern Appalachians and some Puerto Ricans. It is a totally white community except for the housing projects, which have a token number of Negroes.

One group of us will be working within a public housing project to form neighborhood councils so that the tenants can begin to deal with their own problems . a s — -tenants; at the same time, others will be organizing people who are on welfare. These two groups share one critical factor making any initial organizing a tremendous hurdle: an insecurity caused by greater and greater dependence on the administrators of the project or on the welfare check or, in some cases, both. They are -crapped. If in the project, they fear the possibilities of being

I kicked out for disobeying some rule like not keeping the yard pretty, or forgetting to take care of the incinerator, or washing clothes at the wrong time, or

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having suspicious personal relationships. They soon learn that the only way the "office" will know of their activities is through their neighbors' informing on them and thus they hide, pull down the blinds, and distrust everyone. The most common complaint from people living in the project is that the children fight and then the neighbors fight over their children. A child might say to another child, "Why doesn't your father go out and get a job?" or "How can you afford such a big, new car?" and a fight begins. Insecurity quickly spreads to children.

And for someone on welfares in or out of the project, the situation is the same. If his neighbors find out, they will look down on him; and the teachers will treat his children differently ("You will fail gym if you have no gym suit." "Why didn't you give anything to the United Fund?" "Here is your free lunph pass."), and the child is labelled by his peers — making an added series of difficulties blocking the possibility of finishing high school.

One's whole life centers on the monthly check, which assumes that four children need only 115 a year for clothing, proclaims soap a luxury, catches whole families in a trap of poverty. The only real knowledge of the welfare program and the rights of its recipients comes from the social worker on whom these people must be totally dependent. This parallels the dependency on the project management and causes the same insecurity and fear. Once on relief or once in a project, one can't get out and fears be-i n& forced out, so life becomes a lonely, desperate struggle to just hold on to what you have.

Any possible spirit of cooperation is lost in this environment and each turns inward to be concerned with his own problems, his own life. Anyone who concerns himself with the problems of his neighbors is a snoop and not to be trusted. Charles Lebeaux, in an article in Hew University thought called "Life on ADC; Budgets of Despair," describes it thus:

"Poverty settles like an impenetrable prison. cell over the lives of the very poor,

shut tine them off from every socicd contact, killing the spirit, and isolating them frotr the community of human life.''

The first problem with which the organizer is confronted, therefore, is how to break down this dependency by providing the necessary security in another way. In the project it would be impossible to organize a group against the nan&ge-. raent initially because these people feel that the project is the one real thing they have. Instead, we plan to set up neighborhood councils which will deal with such things as the fighting problem and yard responsibility by having all complaints come to the council inr stead of the management. It will then become an intervening force between the tenants and the manager, ending the horrible system of informing. Through the council, as a second step, the management must be seen as an enemy and demands made on it.

The situation is similar for the group of people receiving all kinds of welfare benefits. They are afraid of publicity and of organization because the checks might stop. However, a small group of mothers on ADC was started here a few years ago by one of the community churches, and these people can constitute an initial leadership. This is very fortunate because it means that a few have realized they must make demands on the very people who control their lives those who control the welfare checks.

Even at this early state of organization, we must make long-range implications explicit subjects for discussion and also extend our research beyond the immediate. The organizer's job is not completed by the mere creation of a neighborhood organization because it will probably turn inward and become nothing more than a neighborhood improvement group. Behind the formation of the groups and throughout their progress must be a basic challenge to the whole system of a welfare state. The long-range action and research must be in terms of abolishing the concept of a project that bides and isolates the poor, and abolishing the system of welfare which stamps one "dependent."

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ERAP... ' ,.. I might add that this particular housing * * project is beautifully landscaped, with •>;,'raany huge, old trees and ivy crawling - ,, gracefully up the buildings. This makes

it an even more egregrious example of the , "hidden" poverty of this century. It is,

. " moreover, an institutionalized poverty , " structured into one's life so that there

is no future. A housing project does not * prepare one to re-enter society in a meaningful way and welfare benefits do not include the means for a decent life. To

- depend on them is to hide in fear; we must change this fear into action.

i_JX_y U i O V 1 JLJ J—J ill By JIM WILLIAMS

I have a feeling that what we are doing here is substantially different from what is being done on some other projects and thus might hold some interest for people doing research on other projects.

Much of the research thrust, then, is (to use a military term) reconnaisance. That means that part of the research is in defining power structures ("Know thy enemy") in order to enable local movements to seek out the proper pressure points and to develop a keener tactical sense.

I Other areas of our "recon" include problem-defining, the pinpointing of factual data and developing workable guides to the problem — carrying the

•- martial parlance further, "to survey the terrain." All together, it means that

": we are developing manuals and guides to " ' local problems and the possible pressur-^,; ing techniques needed to solve them. We

have defined the research end of our pro

ject as a "Poor Man's Hand Corporation." Naturally, this means that our research is narrower and more pointed in some instances than that being done in other groups. (The reasons are probably twofold: since local SDS kid© are working on the project, much of the long process of "knowing the community" is eliminated; and local groups are at a stage developed enough to take the ball and run with it when they get it.)

There are some theoretical viewpoints to which we are subscribing which are also uncommon in SDS. Much of SDS' research orientation is along sociological lines, using the skills and methodology and Weltanschauung of that discipline. This means, e.g., that power structure re- ~ search in a sociological sense involves almost the total defining of a community into a sort of pyramid with the "corporate liberals" or "social-fascist lackeys of Wall Street" at the top. This is a pretty long-range project and requires a number of complex techniques to come off.

We are, however, using the political """ ---science research discipline in our research. Part of the difference is this: the political scientist sees a number of interacting power structures which do not necessarily overlap and v/hich are often composed of radically different social strata, even internally. (See particularly Robert A. Dahl, Who Governs? , Harman Zeigler, Interest Groups in American Politics, V. 0. Key, etc.) From this viewpoint, there is a housing power structure, a transportation power structure, etc.

With the areas thus defined, we are following an orthodox Minnis-analysis, gathering up boards of directors, investments, property holdings, etc. (Min-nis* analytical methods lend themselves admirably to action projects.) With all this data in hand, we are able to answer the question of the WECC, "Who do we picket?1' This means that when a realtor refuses to sell to a Negro, we can picket his office, the real estate board and the particular banking or credit institutions involved. Vie can also invoke a state anti-blockbusting statute which we uncovered.

Specifically, what we are doing right now

Our research differs also because, unlike many projects, our main thrust is as a service body for a number of already existing groups and movements locally. That is, ERAP personnel are often assigned to work for/with the West End Community Council, the Gandhi Corps, and so on — the purpose being to help train their leaders to be more effective, to develop the perspective and base of the groups, and! lend important day-to-day servicing.

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ERA?.., is this:

it study of the power structure _of housing* This includes a study of the real estate board, the urban renewal board, the banks, savings and loan and other lending institutions and their interlockings and decision-making processes. (Relates to WECC)

£ study of recreation programs in the west end ghetto. Civil rights demonstrations at a "private" pool in an amusement park caused us to study the whole city recreational set-up. This involved a study of the number of swimming and wading pools, parks, programs and availability. This also involved a guestimate, based on census tracts, as to how many potential users there were. The terrible lack of adequate public facilities that we found strongly. supports the demonstrations at the public park with the "private" pool, and backs up the demands of the West End Community Council and the West End Action Committee.

Unemployment study. This is the least-tackled project yet. At this point it consists of developing a sense of what has been done previously by city-state-federal and private agencies and an analytical dissection of their more obvious failings. With this done, we will begin to get involved in original research in some given areas, either geographical or stratum-wise. Relevance is toward a Labor-Citizens' Committee for Full Employment and eventually toward the unenrolyed council (JOIN-type).

Work with the WECC street surveys* 172CC and ERAP are conducting street surveys in areas where block-busting is rampant and in areas in states of racial change. This consists of a number of interviews which can then be fitted together to show real patterns of intimidation of home-owners and also to discover the real racial attitudes of the people and to recruit.

Hopefully, these will evolve into a series of guides which these organizations or others can pick up and run with.

Another specific project we have "jobbed" into is:

Study of police intimidation against the

Gandhi corps* In Louisville, civil rights demonstrators are seldom arrested on the spot but instead some days later are pickeddup on trumped-up charges of vagrancy, petit larceny, etc., etc. (Remember the great "Telephone Theft" case in which the local SDS chapter was involved?) Other forms are frequent police search and seizure, friskings, etc. Police surveillance is another variation.. These incidents are being carefully doc-" umented for the Gandhi Corps to issue, to blast the new segregationist patterns in Louisville and to gain liberal and civil liberties issues and alliances.

We would enjoy comments and news on how ~ research is being conducted in other projects.

NEWARK By CARL WITTMAN

The Newark ERAP project is located in one half of the Southern Newark Ward (one of five wards), Clinton Hill. It is a residential area, much of it middle-and lower-middle class, predominately Negro and rapidly becoming a slum area. The project was invited by the Clinton Hill Neighborhood Council, a ten year-old group with a long history of block organization and neighborhood improvement; by the Newark Committee on Full Employment, a group of about 20 residents of Newark interested in the issue of employment; and by the National Committee on Full Employment (Stanley Ar-onowitz' group, with research staff Thabit-Heifetz, Linda Greenberg on staff for research in Newark).

The project's goal is to create a strong block organization in Clinton Hill, beginning v/ith issues important on the block level and eventually focussing on major issues, such as employment, job security, housing, etc. A& emphasis is placed on developing local leaders out of the block organizations- We also have an office, where unemployed and others are welcomed, and it provides a a place for meetings with community people. Informational research — on urban renewal, housing codes, training programs, social security, etc. — is divided among staff members, while programmatic re-

ik -

EKAP... search is being done by the National Committee, with two of our staff working in liaison with them.

Slock organization is proceeding; a number of blocks of the CHNC have been revived, including two which have had a number of meetings and have taken action on recreation areas (there ain't none), police insults, lack of law enforcement, buildings to be demolished, etc. — a number of gains have been made, and one group was forced into a picket action when no immediate gains were made. A good community

PHILADELPHIA By NICK ESLESON

Operating under the name of Philadelphia JOIN (Jobs or Income Now), the project works with the unemployed and the underpaid in the southeast section of the city. Although we have opened an office and leaflet the unemployment compensation office regularly in order to reach all categories of the unemployed, we have concentrated on five groups who have a particularly hard time in the section of the city. Agricultural workers — day farmers — leave in buses at five in the morning and make between %h and $7 for a ten to twelve-hour day. They are covered neither by minimum wage nor by compensa

tion insurance. Domestics face much the same problem. The waterfront workers in the area are being hit both by automation — which will take six men from every gang of 22 -?- and by the construction of a shore expressway which will force the removal of some two dozen warehouses in the edge of the area in which we are working. Welfare mothers face the same problems here as in any large city. Welfare does not provide enough to live on — only about 60$ of the minimum standard — but cannot be received if one is working. Many cannot even consider working because it would mean leaving large families untended.

Work in this area'has been highly interesting because in many ways it is well-integrated. Although four major ethnic sections are easily diseernable (Italian, Polish, Jewish and Negro), they account for only a portion of the area. Between these groupings are streets with Negroes on one side and Poles, Puerto Ri-cans and Italians on the other, and others where the integration appears complete. Occasionally squarely in the middle of the Italian area one can find a long, narrow street that looks like a back street from any city ghetto in the deep south. Sometimes the integration is more than superficial. In the playgrounds the children under twelve play together without regard to race, and the older people sitting on the street at night often talk in interracial groups. Longshore teams are integrated. But a-mong the other groups, particularly the older youth, there appears to be far more tension.

In these first weeks our time has been divided among building up a background on the city and getting to know people in the various service agencies, rei-searching particular problems, such as the state of unemployment benefits, and doing extensive house-to-house work, often with leaflets. Activity with the five special groups mentioned above is just the beginning. We are developing programs for each.

Staff education has proceeded in a number of ways. Work in this new location has meant constant and careful evaluation of our approach, and the discussions in-

response (100 on line, 200 at meeting afterward) suggests that the community is ready to move on a number of issues. Approximately 12 blocks are being worked on at present.

The "Arabian Stompers," a neighborhood group of girls doing precision marching, has been adopted by the CHNC, and a fight with the Board of Ed. yielded them a place to practice.

The group is living in an apartment (5 of us) or with families in the community. Food is a cooperative venture, and we1re on about 60tf a day per person (which we know is more than some — but exotic menus are rationalized as recreation); project will last until August 25 or so, at which time most have to return to school. A staff of 3-5 will stay on in the fall for the year.

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E£AP... volved have been long and, most of the time, enlightening. Each person has a research assignment to cover special aspects of the city or of national problems, and there have been a number of informal reports from this work. In addition, several people who live in the city have spent an evening or afternoon talking to the project about such topics as the state of affairs in Vietnam, local politics, waterfront unions, Pennsylvania Welfare, and the assassination of President Kennedy.

TRENTON By WALT POPPER

The ERAP Trenton project began to work in downtown Trenton on June 15. There is a full-time staff of ten students from * • Princeton, Swarthmore, Brandeis, Simmons and Antioch. We are working with two adult groups in the community, the Mercer County chapter of CORE and the Mercer St. Friends Center, a neighborhood house and summer recreation center for the area. The Project has rented an office in an integrated area near the Friends Center. This is the area into which the mayor moved in the fall, getting nationwide publicity as a conscientious liberal.

The first thing we did was to set up a tutorial project in this neighborhood, working with students at Trenton State College and recruiting totors among high school and college students in the area. The tutorial will be expanded during the summer. We have started with elementary school kids and hope to work more later with older kids, trying to involve them in discussion groups and action projects.

In the last two weeks v/e have been conducting a survey and forming a neighborhood group in the Hereer-Jackson area where we live. The city plans a special type of urban renewal program in this area — bad houses will be renovated, a playground will be built, and as a result, rents will go way up. The present tenants will be forced to move out, and the area — a choice residential location a few blocks from downtown stores — will become an upper-class neighborhood. Everyone here

talks of rent control as a partial solution, and this seems to be a good issue for organization.

We will begin next week to work in South Trenton, an all-Negro area which will be torn down in a year for an urban renewal program. The area is the worst in the

ci%y with terrible housing conditions -and high unemployment. Building block group© will be difficult, perhaps because there are no definite issues for organization in the area. There are many serious problems, but because of urban renewal, there is no reasonable solution. Organization is all the more difficult because the mayor and the Democratic machine pretend to be very liberal and the government people love to sit down and talk; in this way they stall action without committing themselves to a definite program.

We have worked with the local CORE group on two projects so far. The group has drawn up a plan to better integrate the five junior high schools in the city, and we and they took a sample survey in one area where kids would be switched from one school to another. It was a Negro area, and everyone loved the plan. The city, as usual, is thinking it over and talking about it. This is ridiculous — the schools are already partially integrated, and this plan changes the racial composition only 5#» with no bussing.

Two weeks ago Big Barry came to town to see the New Jersey delegates, and some of us joined a picket line organized by CORE. It was a frightening experience to talk to some of the *K)0 fascists in the crowd. Something must be done about this man.

NEWSNE?<«fSNEWSNEWSNE'VSNEV/SNEIi/SNEWSNEWSNEWS

Congress, as usual, has passed a bill suspending for 30 days prior to Nov. 3 a Federal Communications Act requirement that broadcasters provide equal time for all candidates for public office ±£ time is provided for any. The bill will allow the Democratic and Republican candidates ^limited exposure while allowing candidates of minority parties to be ignored.

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GO V N 'ON COMMUNITY ORGANIZING I. INTRODUCTION: Since I960, millions of Negroes have demonstrated for an end to American racism. The American freedom movement has become the most powerful force for social change in this country. It is forcing the government to legitimatize, bless and speed up action on civil rights; it is awakening conscientious individuals to the possibility of doing something right and effective. It It is providing to Americans a new model of commitment and action which challenges those who are looking for a way to focus their anxiety on a world they neither like nor control.

The Freedom movement in this country has expressed needs which will require fundamental change in America in order to be satisfied. Yet it lacks the active support of its potential allies: the unemployed whites, the under-educated youth, the aged, trade unio'n people who know the consequences of a narrowing job market, and the many intellectuals who realize that the present government programs against poverty are only a temporary ameliorative to the crisis of economic displacement, unemployment and automation into hich we are now entering. The Negro freedom movement may face increasing isolation and frustration if it cannot soon forge links to local movements of unemployed, farm hands, displaced miners, and others who share a common economic tragedy.

It is with the conviction that new forms of economic organization, program and strategy are needed that SDS has turned major resources and energies towards a bold new task of community unionization.

II. COMMUNITY ECONOMIC ACTION—QUESTIONS IT RAISES, PROGRAM AND JTIUTEGY: The SDS program in community action was designed deliberately to stress innovation in program and strategy. Begun with the explicit hope for a movement of all the

do we work with poor white- people to create motion and ckange; to which classes and groups do we appeal and against which do we fight; on what political program and social vision do v/e rely; how can the perception of common interest lead to the formation of political action organizations which encompass the full range of needs in the deprived community; can welfare local organizations and protest movements move toward the achievement of a grass-roots political coalition capable of challenging the established power structure of a city and eventually a nation?

V/e pose these problems and questions because we believe it important initially to understress a rigid ieology and any single organizing strategy. While we would stress in a thorough way, controlled and planned economy which guarantees political freedom, economic security, abundant education and incentives for wide cultural variety, the problem here is that we need a way to discuss these goals, strategies and tactics, not only among ourselves, but with the pee-ple with whom we work. We are interested in translating our demands for shared abundance, democracy and equality into terms ap licable to community problems. V/e believe that we will find for our ideology the practical content th. t we seek as we work in community action.

Vie are convinced that political action is an essential part of our strategy to carry us into the new society. The decision to use candidacies as a major organizing technique to create a direct democracy, or to put off electoral strategy until a later date, must be made on the basis of the individual community.

III. SDS >JJD COMMUNITY ACTION: Since January, 196^*, over 100 people have been recruited to work in SDS community action programs in ten areas: Baltimore, Boston, Chester, Chicago, Cleveland, Hazard, Louisville, Newark, Philadelphia and Trenton.

CONVENTION has produced new organizational strains while broadening the SDS base,

While there is a tendency to emphasize these strains, what must be stressed are the new opportunities that the community action program holds out to a growing student organization. For students involved part-time in community projects, the new program offers a way offlooking at the world in more practical terms; it allows us to see ourselves and SDS in a new light of relavance; and it offers the promise of generating new discussions, research and programs for the linking of middle-class groups, particularly professionals and pre-professionals, with the concerns and activities of lower-class movements. Techniques of thinking and formulating strategy and demands, the ability to grade goals, experience with education among disparate groups — all these should prove invaluable to the construction of camnus programming; what remains, given the impetus of community organizing programs, if for campus oDS members to view their organizing responsibilities in middle-class and other communities and on campuses in a manner similar in seriousness and in empiricism to that in which iRJJ? community organizers regard theirs. ' e regard all these byproducts of the I:RaP organizing effort as critical to the ultimate shaping of a national left coalition capable of instituting the social change delineated in our previous convention documents.

People working in the SDs community action program must help in the task of enlarging the campus base of the organization. As the projects get underway, £>DS should arrange for community organizers to travel and speak at nearby campuses, to encourage university people near project areas to participate in the functions of the community program, to supply the campus with materials from the community projects and to continue the program of economic conferences and other meeting places for full-time students and other organizers. Ue further recognize that students whould be encouraged to develop intellectual involvement in radical societal programs yhtough research and other elements of com Eunity organization, "..'e believe that stu-

, dent participation in the community is a . | l0gical and necessary complement to uni-1 Versity curricula, and that students I should be encouraged to apply their aca£ demic skills to aid community organization and to confront their academic perspective with the realities of the soci-£%Y. We pl&ce emphasis on these points because the primary task of 3D must remain the creation and education of student radicals. \/e assert that their task must remain high on the agenda of the SDS community action program.

There is no way of prejudging the implications to SDS of a program that necessarily encourages adult groups to assume major responsibility for programs in local project areas and solicits greater and greater support from labor leaders, university scholars, lawyers and professionals of all kinds in the local and national program. Host probably, new groups v/ill be created which will seriously support the formation of a new a-dult political council—an organization attempting to encompass the full range of demands of new radical constituency. Until the time that such a new adult organization is feasible, however, SDS should continue to support and be responsible for its community action programs.

We propose that such basic functions of ERAP as: location and nature of future projects; production of literature and other materials; administration of national funds and fund-raising programs; organization of conferences and other national gatherings; regularizeti n of bookkeeping and accounting; selection of national non-project ERAP staff and leadership, and formulation of basic strategic outlook be integrated with the decisionmaking and administrative bodies of the National SDS. The 2RAP director and * . other non-community staff should be considered as members of the £Di> national staff. The _I*A? director shall function on liis own initiative in regard to the internal affairs of JR;--£ t but shall in the above-mentioned areas be ultimately responsible to the national Council of SDS. He shall consult regularly with the National Secretary before taking action which involves more than the internal activity of the community projects. The ^tional Secretary shall consult with the

>n ^ ^ director on all aspects of SDS pro-

CONVENTION -grams which could in any way be of benef i t to or be benefit ted by ERAP. Members of the national SDS s t a f f and members of the national SRAP s t a f f s h a l l coordinate their travel l ing and speaking a c t i v i t i e s to fac i l i t a t e and support chapter development. The SDS P r e s i d e n t , National Secretary and ZR;.P Di rec to r and other SDS project directors s h a l l meet a t l e a s t once between Nat ional Council meetings to review the progress of cur ren t plans and assure the continued coordinat ion of act iv i ty .

SDSO THE 1964 ELECTIONS In this election year, the left is once . again faced with the recognition that most electoral contests will offer us little to chose from. Yet, because of our commitment to electoral politics, we return to this subject, to make s>Decific the role of electoral action in the building of the new left constituency, and in the gaining of political power.

We believe that electoral action, as a democratic manifestation of our economic and social concerns, is valuable as a means for the realization of our goal of participatory democracy. Electoral politics is a means of recruitment and education for a constituency; it i©cusses a movement on political goals and political power; and success gives both a sense of power and the political rewards that accrue as long as the elected officials remain responsive to the base that elected them.

Tgere is controversy in one crucial particular. The question is at what point in the development of an insurgent movement should it engage in electoral action. Politics in the most depressed and exploited sections of America is often not a meaningful process. The result of alliance with the liberal establishment is often disillusioning; the resulting increased alienation=leads to further hopelessness as to the possibilities for change aather than to increased understanding and militancy.

Alternative methods of organization must be found. Instead of trying to cooperate

in the control of existing political institutions immediately, developing new institutions within the community but out-Side of the electoral process may be more effective. In addition to having good chances of success, their educational value is great, for the initiative and control is in the hands of these alienated groups.

Ultimately people cannot gain power throug." these institutions without political action; and in a society where the majority does not share their alienation and suffering, alliances are necessary.

Both methods must be used in cooperation, and in SDS' various areas of work, both should be developed and tested, hany of the new insurgent movementw 'which are being presently organized around economic issues will net be ready to present candidates this year. However, although SDS cannot endorse or support political candidates because of its tax statute, this convention expects that individual members will continue to support insurgent candidates, as in the pa... t.

THE ^KlSia.i: , CLITIC;.L SGU\'E. The state of affairs described by previous SDS conventions Btill exists. Basically, the dominant force in our national politics remains a coalition of conservative and reactionary Democrats and Republicans. However, the bargain in which Dixiecrats and liberal Democrats loin to make up the Democratic 1 arty is now showing signs of stress.

The impact of the civil rights movement on our*political parties has been to raise once again the possibility that the "lib-eral-Dixiecrat" coalition will be dissolved. The registration of Hegrc voters and the resurgence of very conservative Republican parties in the south both contribute to this possibility.

The n.ajor political development of the past year, however, has been the growth of right-wing political strength, through the presidential candidate, and it seems that it will be committed this year to return to full-scale Cold «/ar, and the state-rights rhetoric which represents anti-labor, anti-civil rights and liberties and anti-federal economic activity ideology.

n ON VENT ION In this r.-.thtr forbidding political environment, several lines of approach have been recommended to liberals and the left. The most widely accepted of these is reform politics—both congressional reform and urban reform.

The congressional reform movement would al ter the seniority system and other elements in the structure of Congress which perpetuate the Dixiecrat dominance of the congressional Democratic Party. It would adjust congressional rules in other ways to break up the "legislative logjam." But that logjam is in fact a manifestation of social conditions that run deeper; liberalism has failed either to adequately justify its program of government activism to middle-class people or to provide significant programs of economic reform to appeal to labor or to the poor. Congressional reform could not have given us a civil rights bill; on the contrary, the civil rights bill is the product of the energies of the civil rights movement, on the streets as well as lobbying. Nonetheless, the achievement of reform in Cong ress would facilitate the passage of the liberal program and would therefore test our claim of its inadequacy.

Urban reform movement, like the Reform Democrats of New York City, counterpese issue-oriented liberalism to the politics of the machine. Its base is an insurgent one, although for the most part composed of liberal middle-class professionals. But issue-oriented politics alone is insufficient. These issues must be b sed on the material necessities of the economically and politically disenfranchised. Xc? this end, new constituencies must be unearthed, politicized, and their needs given political expression. This is essential if the movement is to be given a live base, a. base which cannot be absorbed h-- the liber al establishment. To a great extent, its commitment is to creating party procedures which would allow issue-oriented politics to flourish; at the same time, the most liberal politics in the country faces a dilemma when confronted with the real problems of daily political activity. This arises as a contradiction in its conception of corporate liberalism and the need for political gains for the Other ^merica constituencies which it purports to repre*-

sent.

The root of radicalism is basically this: Radicals believe in the democratic adminis tration of^society b;: the ordinary people themselves. "Thus v/e are opposed to corporate liberalism, which is essentially underno cratic. But political constituencies face the rame problems as social and economic constituencies in the sense that these move ments must present some sort of gains or re forms for their members. In the same manner strikes must be won and restaurants integrated, the political needs of the people must be met.

While constituencies can be organised on issues, they are maintained as stable organizations only by obtaining "reforms" or concessions. Likewise, the political needs of these constituencies must be freed in the seine manner as the other needs.

Those who advocate "purity1* and "hands off dirty politics:r fail to diferentiate between reforms which are conceded by the corporate liberal structure and those demands which are won by the political action of ou our radicalized constituencies. The latter are of the utmost importance in creating a radical direction in our society because they prove to common people that they can achieve their {joals through political action; this helps to dispel the notions that the poor and the v/orking class are somehow "unfit" for exercising political control. It reinforces their enthusiasm for any radical action and develops the thirst for political power among them.

Lugene V. Debs once said, "no strike is ever lost." By this he meant that the verj act of a strike was a radicalizing agent for the people. This has the same relevance politically in that the very act of partic-pating in politics will have an important educational function.

Radicr. Is approach politics with definite criteria for action. They do not approach the structure * 'hat-in-hand" as some' cor-poratists would suggest. The criteria for political action are located in the base o a given candidate, A liberal candidate wit v/crKing-ciass and Negro background and sup port xs certainly not an enemy because he is responsive to the real and felt needs c the impoverished constituency.A corporatis liberal is one with certain liberal notion and constituency to maintain his class rul

20

CONVENTION Thus the issue should be clear, electoral action which yields the tastes of victory for the oppressed, the poor and the Negro, can only lead to the'development of real mass radical bases, To say less is to yield to political pessimism and consider that politics is at best an academic "question." The welfare of the people is never "academic"; it is vital to the building of our vision.

REALIGNMENT: A much heralded political realignment is now taking place. Ue welcome it, for it means that the Democratic Party will no longer bargain with racism to elect the rresident, and racists will be removed from their leadership of the Congress, k major step toward this goal may be taken at the Atlantic City Democratic Convention this summer, when the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party challenges the credentials of the racist delegation, and presents its own delegation. we support this initiative, and call on the Democratic Party to purge itself of its Wallaces and Barnetts, and seat the representatives of a new politic for the South.

This new politics is being forwarded by Negro voter registration and by the movement of îxiecrats into the right-wing Republican parties of the South. It will make the Democ atic Party more consisten-tently the liberal party of the nation.

However, those who will lead the new Democratic party will be precisely those liberals who have made their peace with corporate power, and who will not have a commitment to assert public priorities against the corporate sector's priorities. "hen political realignment last seemed possible, in 19^8, the liberal-Dixiecrat coalition held firm in order to fully support the Cold ..ar. In the absence of this justification, and with the Wallace unpledged-elector movement depriving the national Democratic Party of the °olid South, it is quite possible that the Mississippi challenge will meet with success.

The major point th-t is made by both the Realignment and the third-party schools is that the strategy is political mobilization of dispossessed groups. The real

strength cf the I.ississippi action is its success "in building a base among hississ-

ip;:i Negroes.

The core successful we are in building a new radical constituency, the more meaningful will be the realignment. Our efforts must therefore be concentrated in building the radical potential for the new party coalitions.

Believing that student involvement in insurgent politics is vital for the growth of such organizations as the Texas Democratic coalition, we mandate the NC to establish a political Education Project (iEP? which would serve to correlate and dispers information regarding reform and other potentially radical political movements arid" see that this information is placed at the disposal of oD^ members and chapters whicl on their own would be in a position to tal active roles. Such organizations as COFE would serve . s sources for i£P. SDS woulc not as an organization be for ar against any candidate, but merely make information available for independent use.

E'RAP PROJECTS BaLTlACIcE

EOoTON

CH:PAP

/HIC..GC'

CLI:VI:I,UID:

UHZ.M):

LOUIGYILLE:

!I£,.ivRK

PHILADELPHIA

T;;ENTon:

Kim Hoody, U-Joiu, 326 S. t Broadway , B a l t i m o r e , Md.

Chuck L e v e n s t e i n , 337 West e r n A v e . , Cambridge, Mass.

V e r non G r i z z a r d , 5^2 U l r i c r S t . , C h e s t e r , Penna.

L e e V/ebb, k8^9 N. K e d z i e , C h i c a g o , I l l i n o i s

C l l i e F e i n , 2908 Jay S t . , C l e v e l a n d Ohio

Art Corson , C/G Comm. For M i n e r s , I 3 6 5 B'Uay, Rn 512 L

B i l l Dady, M+03 v i r g i n i a rtv L o u i s v i l l e , Kentucky

C a r l wittmr.n, 716 Bergen , Newark , New J e r s e y

N i c k L g l e s o n , 721 S. Marvin S t . , P h i l a d e l p h i a , Penna .

W a l t e r Popper , 521 Market S t . , T r e n t o n , N. J .

- 2 1 -

LOUISVILL E Chapter activity in Louisville this summer has generally centered around assisting the local 'hMAt project. The local chapter is still under injunction not to enter Fountain Ferry Amusement lark. The injunction was passed after Bill Dady led demonstrations and sit-ins there, The irony of it is that the local chapter had nothing to do with the demonstrations and did not support them.

We are working with the Amalgamated Clothing workers (.VFL-CIO) in a campaign aril boycott against H*I-S clothing. H-I-S hv.-s consistently refused to allow or-g~ i' .ation of their plants and has en-g£~. v\ in all manner of unfair labor practices. Since students are the main buyers of their products, SDS was invited to lead student campaigns against these. We a::e currently helping to picket stores tha1: carry H-I-S merchandise and urge all otVier chapters to engage in the boycott also.

The local chapter is also helping the Allied Organizations for Civil Rights to raise food and money for Mississippi. We plan to hold some summer educa-tionals and fund-raising events.

by J.W.

DUKE By SHELLY & JO BLUM

Towards the last week of finals it became obvious that Duke needed another left club, and it was especially obvious to me that iw would be SDS. The first organization is CORE, which has been active in Durham integration activities and whose members have been involved in the Chapel Hill Freedom Committee. CORE also investigated wage rates and hiring practices of the University. But CORE developed the usual name on campus and it operates with the special difficulties of an integration group on a Southern campus, be needed a group that could invite spekaers, hold seminars, do

white mill community in this Piedmont town. The potential of the SDS chapter is not limited to those in CORE or to the immediate Duke students and faculty. Membership is 10 (not all SDS national members) with many more contacts to be brought in. Remember that this all took place during finals week I

MARYLAND I 3y RICHARD OCHS

| Our chapter has eight national SDS members, j but has an active local organization of j over 50, many of whom will hopefully join j the official SDS roster in time. Of this j number, about 15 are present for summer j SDS activities.

J Our summer activity is centered around our-I community development project^ UNITY (ur-! ban Neighborhood Improvement through Youth) I in suburban D.C. °o far we have started ] service projects by organizing kids to I clear recreations areas and by offering I arts and crafts classes four nights a week. 1

! i/e have successfully achieved community j involvement in our project by integrating

our efforts with the Prince George County chapter of CORE. The current picketing of the nearby Suburban Trust Company against job discrimination provided an organizing focal point. Not only did over 20 residents join the line, but many are working with the larger UNITY project. The combined CORE*UNITY office is at 1113 S^th Avenue, I«E, Washington 27, D.C.(Actually located in Cedar Heights, P.G. County, KD.) Phone; 772-3232. The office building is sufficiently large to serve as a home for UIIITY participants as well as a hostel for members of the movement who are traveling through D.C.

U'e are also organizing around the focal point of a proposed urban renewal project scheduled for the area. Many residents fear displacement so we are studying alternative Urban renewal programsthat are more humanistically-oriented. Vie are planning a campgign to realize the desires of the residents rather than those of real estate

The result of this common effort was a Vigil, held the Sunday after the first announcement that the three men were found missing, protesting continued violence, mourning the continued loss of life, and asking for effective Federal intervention as a protective buffer for the civil rights workers in Mississippi. About 200 persons made a silent march around the square which is the site of the State Capitol, wearing black arm bands and carrying signs and banners. Brief speeches were m de by the newly-elected president of the state NA..CF and a SNCC field representative, outling the need and the meai. for implementing Federal intervention. Petitions were passed around and a collection was taken. A request was then made that those attending continue to wear their armbands throughout the following week, in an effort to attract further community attention to this issue.

CHAPTERS... interests.

The prospectus and besic research data of UHITY are still in the process of being prepared. Until the time when we can give a complete and scholarly analysis of the community, we will continue to win friends in the area with service projects and protests against the injustices immediately apparent,

By aZLL BhCKNiS

Our chapter is now trying to get a few members and make some plans for an all-out assault next fall on the rotten conditions that exist here.

We have had one meeting in the local court house, v.e have agreed to use the ACLU pamphlet, "Academic Freedom and Civil Liberties of Students in Colleges and Universities," as a goal for our action in this field. We have also agreed to collect clothes for the people in Lao-tern Kentucky. Moreover, we have printed several copies of the constitution to distribute to our prospective members. Me plan to start a student newspaper next year, not anything large—just one or two sheets to give the students a chance to voice their opinions, we need advice as to tactics we can use to convince the administration that we are right in our plea for more freedom. The president has proven unreceptive to individual petitions in the past.

WISCONSIN By OUSAN HGCK

The most significant fact about the UV/ summer SD& chapter is that its membership list reads just about like the summer membership lists of the UW Friends of SKCC, Madison C6RE, etc. Thus, when confronted with a situation such as the disappearance of the three COFC workers, the chapter's concern for initiating a distinct SDS program was superseded by the need for a "united front" effort in this situation of common concern.

In a recent consideration of the scope of v/hat distinctly SDS v/ork could be done this summer, two specific projects were agreed upon. The first involves continuing the much-needed research on the status and future of Menomonee county, a former Indian res rvation recently terminated by the Federal government. The second will be the preparation of a leaflet presenting a University expose to be included in the materials presented to incoming freshmen.

Further meetings will be held primarily to discuss progress reports of the ERA? projects as they become available in order to keep ctd members "aware" and to serve as one means for introducing our new recruits to the '-SDS gestalt."

INOIS By EON SZOKE

Deprived of Eennie Davis' "Charismatic" leadership and organisational tallents, the U of Illinois chapter limped a bit th:' year but did accomplish several things worth mentioning. Overlap of membership with the caa/rus Young Democrats and i-.A/iCP precludes in ma.ay cases "getting the credit" for the tnings that did get done. It seems fair, hov/ever, to say that a major portion of the leadership, effort, initiative and best thinking in

-23

CHAPTERS. both the CYD and N....XF was provided by SDS members.

Rudy Frank organised a series of vigils ~nd demonstrations on campuses ..nd in ccm-;;unities across the nation late in September to protest the Birmingha.iT! church bombing. Koon hour programs of speeches and silent v/itness on the auditorium steps lasted a week in Urbana. (Rudy is president of the campus Friends of SMCC)

Several Friday-evening study, discussion and social meetings were held through October and November. i:hil Curry analyzed «meric<:ui economic growth, clarifying the policy questions involved and going on to question the desirability of inducing a high i.ggreg. te growth rate without regard to composition, redistribution policy, tax reform, etc. His analysis and conclusions were deb ted in another meeting or two; the final meeting of the semester w...s devoted to films, with Ron Szoke evaluating and leading a discussion of "o1/2".

During Christmas vacation and between semesters, several members went to Atlanta and points south for observ tion and demonstrations. Several more attended the Hazard conference at the beginning of the second semester and a number went to the Community Organizing Conference in Ann Arbor.

.-'. Conference on Poverty and the Economy w v/as organized in cooperation/with ERA? and the CYD for Hay1-3, with the featured speaker being Robe.t Theobald, Further presentations were by Carey ScSilliams Jr., Todd Gitlan, Jesse Grey, Jesse Froetin, Congressman Frazer of Minnesota and Bob i.'ilscn, Democratic ieace candidate for Congress from this district in 1962. The conference was well-attended and most participants seemed to think it quite good.

» y jj-.v-. P_j_a<_i

The recently-formed B.U. oDS chapter i s concentrat ing on the Noel Day campaign and w i l l organize around i t . During the campaign we w i l l sponsor severa l fund-r a i s i n g events such as hcotenannies and a massive r a l l y . Some of our members are in

T- -,«» s i t y C i v i l Rights Co-the Boston b n x v e . s x J t> „*.A-r> •*.<„„ r n r a n i t t e e and we hope to work ordinatxng uomn.— „,.«,,«<= whprpvpr rnnn with them and o t h e r groups wherever coop erat ion i s p o s s i b l e -_ . ^, ^ + v e ^ . r our members have pc During the p a - ^ J r^M-\0 0<a i*^ . B, . * t h e Freedom ochools as ms i t i c i p , . t e d i n t h t fii)S

to rs for the s c h o o l s w , nyncr^ a n a m the bimmons concussion m e e t i n g s «*A* 1 * • «.-n»d. ••After the i-.rms Race. . ,

•frpf" Four o f o u r members were on the Boston ouS R e s e a r c h Committee, and cent h i ve been m..de w i t h professors ..t B.U. tha t s t u d e n t s c a n do school papers on £

j e c t s of i n t e r e s t t o SBb.

, , f ter the N o e l D a y campaign we plan to ™-r c ^ i d - ^ t e s f o r s tudent congress an to 'woriTin t h e a r e a of Univers i ty Refo TVs yc;.r a d r e s s code was promulgated b the p a t e r n a l i s t i c B.U. adrnin is t ra t i The B.U. S t u d e n t Congress c i r c u l a t e d £ p e t i t i o n o b j e c t i n g only to the terms c the p a r t i c u l a r d r e s s code, not to the min i s t r a t i on* s h a n d i n g down such code* genera l . B o s t o n U n i v e r s i t y i s in noe< University r e f o r m , s tuden t s have show: they want a c h a n g e , and the B.U.SDS h to give the s t u d e n t resentment c r e a t i d i r e c t i o n .

H A F V A R D (SDITCR'S I-iCTS: The following i s rep: ted from, t h e J u l y 10 i s s u e of the H< ' vard Summer M e w s . )

A n e w l y - e s t a b l i s h e d Summer School c h of the n a t i o n a l l i b e r a l o rgan iza t ion dents for a D e m o c r a t i c Soc ie ty , plan. set up one o r m o r e "democracy schoo l teen-agers i n t h e Boston a rea t h i s si

"U/e want( t o g e t t o g e t h e r k id s from ve neighborhood h o u s e s , the k i d s who s t a front of B r i g h a m s every n igh t and do ing and . r e b o r e d , and teach them som about the

J s o c i e t y / ' ,' of the chaj

lechppnisrr, o f u » s « governmen •*nry j _ . Delson, coord ina tor

* e x p l a i n e d . > t e r

* -*<-.> s c n o o l s " w i l l provide cuss ion •"rcuTic- ->

> ,,,., ir.. T , 0 ^ ' x ajad occas iona l speaker I ' 'e V'~, X t a \ y t o " t ie tm the kind of pr I 0^,- _+„ „ - ; ^ a s h a v e with the probleir I - » - ^ s D e l s o n s a i d . 1 I f i r s t one t h a t t R a p t o r °* ~^> ^ i

u , » . . " i - n a s been in exis tence „.. n e l s o n s a i d , however,

Birmingha.iT

CHAPTERS .. a regular chapter will be established in the fall.

The purpose of organizing a summer chapter, she explained, is to get students" from other colleges interested in SDS so they will establish their own branches in the fall. For this reason, the summer leaders are anxious to initiate a project of their own —"so these people can get some experience in getting something started."

SDS members will also work on several existing programs, hot/ever, such as the regular SDS job conversion project in Bedford.

V ^ I I I V_^ i l V_J v_y

By LOI<ETT/i WASMUND

The Chicago chapter of SD° w£.s not chartered officially until the beginning of May. At that time officers were elected and a constitution drawn up for the chapter.

^h© present members, however, began meeting as an SDS chapter in the winter of 1964. The organizational difficulties it faced were many; it is not a campus-based chapter. Therefore, the divergent makeup and interests of the group and the travel distance involved in meeting tended to reduce both the number of meetings and the size of attendance. No concrete programming or plan of action has been devel oped by the chapter, though a decision was made to tie in the initial activity of the chapter with the Chicago JOIN project., using this as a point of departure for programming and acting upon other needs of the city,

Three meetings highlighted the events of the last semester. Ernest De Kaio, President Distric II, UE, addressed an organizational, membership-recruiting meeting of the chapter. Mr. De Maio drew a cogent picture of the gusiness-political-labor coalitions in the city, providing chapter members with a background picture against which to place future chapter work. Attempts at recruiting new members at this meeting t/ere largely unsuccessful, however. Vilberforce Jones, Chicago Civil

Rights leader, spoke to the group about the -res-nt and projected civil rights plans for the city. As the last meeting of the s jring, the chapter members attended -* ta;,l< b Berman Gibson, Committee For Liners, to Chicago Labor leaders.

*he Chicago chapter has disbanded for the summer but plans- on resuming its activities with the opening of school in the fall. The question whether a chapter with such*widely dispersed membership (both geographically and occupationally) can develop into an£$hing more than a radical discussion club will be severely tested then.

WASHINGTON ' By JOYCE BENNETT.

Two weeks a g o t h e Washington State Democrat ic C o n v e n t i o n was held in Sea t t le . SDS urged t h e m t o pass a resolution cons i s t ing o f t w o th ings : one that they send a telegram t o President Johnson asking him to s e n d f e d e r a l protection to the c i vi l r i g h t s w o r k e r s in Mississippi, and two, to i n s t r u c t thei r delegates to the national Democra t i c convention to vote against s e a t i n g the segregated, unrepre-senta t ive d e l e g a t e i o n s from the Deep i>outh and t o v o t e for seating the Freedom Delegat ions from Mississippi and Alabama. I underst n d t h a t eight s ta tes have decided to v o t e a g a i n s t seating the white delegations, a n d t h a t two have decided to vote for s e a t i n g the freedom Delegations. By the t i m e y o u receive t h i s , even more s t a t - s s a y h a v e passed similar resolut ions.

l/e p i c k e t e d o u t s i d e the convention with signs u r g i n g them to take action on our r e s o l u t i o n . We also handed out leafle t s a l l diay v / i th our resolution on them..

Many of t h e r e s o l u t i o n s were not in t ro duced a t t h e convention, ^hey were then referred t o t h e Central Committee who wii: meet in W a l l a Walla a t the end of July. Ours was o n e o f the resolutions that met this f a t e . V/e plan to go to Walla Walla and lobby f o r t h e a c c e p t a n c e o f t h e r e _ solut ion.

Our i n t e r e s t i * t h e s a f e t y o f t h e c i v i l

rights w o r k e r s i s not merely an impersonal one. .Well ington s ta te sent one of the

-25

CHAPTERS ... largest contingents of workers—about 20 people—and one of them is a member of our SDS chapter,

\«'e are now engaged in a massive campaign circulating petitions asking the President for federal intervention in Mississippi. There has been a group formed in Seattle -of parents and friends of the Mis sissippi civil rights workers. They circulated a petition around the University of Washington campus. Me used their petition and printed 2,000 copies of it, We are now very busy sending these petitions to all individuals and organizations which would possible be interested, we are covering all civil rights groups, all churches and religious groups, all peace groups, labor groups, the ,LCLU\ and similar organizations. \.e hope to get a cormentary on radio station KKAB, the non-commercial FM station here, V/e are also canvassing our own neighborhoods and all the coffee chops in the area,

I don't know if v/e will work in <.ny other direction this summer. The Mississippi issue is so important that we feel that all of our energy should presently be devoted to it.

BERKLEY By ERIC LEVINS

Late in the spring severa members of SDS and their friends met chez Becky Mills to discuss the possibility of giving some structure to the converging interests of many graduate students at the University of California here in Berkeley. Out of this meeting came plans to start an actual chapter out here to help channel students into ongoing projects—from Becky*s accounts in earlier Bulletins you can tell the area is already hop.ing—and to help give a more general perspective than any of the existing socialist or single-action groups now on campus can give.

SD^ out here has always been and likely always will be faced with a problem of time allocation. Setting up and maintaining an organization requires lots of manhours (or womanhours) and meanwhile lot of activities are beckoning. As a result,

for this summer, while most of the others at the organizing meeting are elsewhere, I have decided to play freelance, filling gaps in certain ongoing projects, especially in terms of analysis and publicity around cam pus, of these activities, and in terms of setting up meetings to cover gaps,

Thus, recently, SDa had its first real meeting out here, we were addressed by Jack W gner of the Committee for Full Employment in San Francisco. Mr* Wagner is a retired piledriver who has been spearheading a many pronged- campaign to get something done in the general employment picture. Right now, he's putting pressure on the unions to set up an organization to organize the unemployed. Some &BS members.. joined a demonstration outside the meeting of the Central I -bor Council on July 10,

Meanwhile, SD has managed to get several new faces from the student community involved with the l/elfare lights Committee. They have helped distribute petitions in Oakland and are now beginning to help do much needed research, publicity work and help put together presentations to the otate Department of social .;elfare regarding the lower cent allowances.

&DS members have also been working with COSE which is deeply involved with dramatic demonstrations at the G.O.F.^Convention, as well as with the Bank of America project, A full day civil rights conver-ence is planned for August 1, which will have panels covering aspects from urban problems, to welfare systems, to the role of the Negro Church, to general political perspectives. The local COSE groups have many members who are quite sophisticated and the conference ivill hopefully go far to establish the inter-relationship of civil rights and the economic and political system,

D 0 N f T F O R G E T ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Deadline for the next issue of the BULLETIN is August 5- Articles received after that date cannot be accepted for publication then, " This applies to chapter reports, ERAP reports and anything else,

— SES

~26~

/-*> V ON CAMPUC

ORGANIZfNi O By DAVID SMITH

Building a radical constituency seems to be one of the focal points of all our discussions of organization on the campus. It seems to me that we must first determine when we want these people to be radical. Todd's questions relative to being a radical doctor or lawyer (BULLETIN, April 196*0 seem especially relevant at this point. If we are working on the campus only in order to move people into ghetto work, we are automatically limitr ing the number of people to whom our program will appeal. It seems to me that we must find ways not only to create campus radicals but to insure that they will remain radical after going back to the world of professionalism. It is useless to build a group of people who will, for their four years in college, work actively but forget all they have learned when they return to the outside world. We must work toward the day when we will have a large portion of the middle class committed to a radical program. We must emphasize the goal of participatory democracy and a world where all will have a share. We must direct our organization towards sending these people back to the middle class, not only to the ghetto.

The base of the program must be a broad continuous education program rather than the single-issue protests we are most likely to engage in. To the average, uninvolved inhabitant of a college campus, it means very little that a small group of his contemporaries picketed on May 2 urging the withdrawal of American troops from South Vietnam. It meant nothing because we had neglected one of our fundamental tasks: to tell the campus as a whole why the troops should get out, to say nothing of informing them of the picket or asking them to join us. Information concerning the plan was confined to such limited-readership organs as the SDS Bulletin and the Nation. The lack of concern for the campus community at large will cause SDS in particular and the left in general to remain a rather "out" thing on most campuses•

Thus I would suggest that we design our campus programs not for the continued edification of the few who are already involved but for the education and conversioi of the vast majority of our contemporaries. The fault is as much ours for not telling them as theirs for not hearing.

Several devices immediately loom as weapons. The campus newspaper, if not in sympathy, is usually looking for a good controversy and will certainly run letters if not stories. If the funds are available, it might be wise to attempt a publication of your own for the campus as a whole.

As the University of Texas experience has shown, direct confrontation with the radical right can not only be an effective publicity device but also a membership draw. At Texas the SDS chapter staged a series of debates with YAF and eventually destroyed the latter organization on campus. Publicly challenging YAF statements and forcing them into awkward positions worked well at Tufts, as they refused our challenge to debate them.

Michigan's poverty week is a prime example of ways in vfoich the message can be brought to the campus as a whole. Speak- I. ers and programs on topical issues are sure to draw large crowds; whether or not they will be sympathetic is another matter, but it is only by this type of confrontation that we have any chance of success. (Speakers of the type I mean are Lane on the assassination or Stetler on Vietnam.) SDS campus travellers should be used to best advantage by all campuses which are just beginning to move.

Finally, it seems to me that the best pitch for us to use in the initial stages is civil rights as it is still a respectable issue on most campuses. Along these lines, it might be wise for us to look for one-time SNCC people for use in this area.

*•*******»******•***********#*••***••***»

JUST RECEIVED from UOME^S STRIKE FOR PEACE, Box k055t Washington, D.C. 20015:

"The German Problem: Roadblock to Disarmament" (price— $1.00)« Highly recommended by Bertrand Russell, Benjamin Spock, Senator Claiborne Pell (D,R.I.'

-27-

"NAT! CRUNCH REPORT

By C. CLARK KISSINGER, National Sec'y

Present for the Council were 15 of the 17 newly-elected National Officers, 9 chapter delegates and a small host of staff and observers. The first day of the Council meeting was taken up by committee sessions which prepared specific recommendations in various areas. In the area of administration, a number of small decisions were made (regarding bookkeeping, carbons of correspondence, fund-raising, etc.) which should greatly unify the operation of the organization, A Committee to review publications was appointed- The National Office was charged with preparing organizing materials for the fall- And it was decided to hold a conference at the end of the summer in conjunction with the Natbnal Council meeting at that time.

Paul Booth was appointedlDirector of the Peace Research and Education Project, and a temporary PREP advisory committee was established consisting of the President, the National Secretary and five others to be appointed by the President and the PREP Director. Those so appointed v/ere Chuck Levenstein, Todd Gitlin, Don McKelvey,

Carol McEldowney and Dick Flacks-

To carry out the mandate of the National Convention to establish a Political Education Project (PEP?), the National Council established a committee to formulate the structure, program and financing of such a project and make its recommendations to the next meeting of the Council. The committee consists of Steve Max (chairman), Peter Brandon, Paul Good-berg, Jeremy Brecher, Paul Booth, Shelley Blum, Jim Williams, Robb Burlage and C. Clark Kissinger. Douglas Ireland, of the National Staff, is corresponding secretary for the committee.

Finally, my appointment as National Secretary for the coming year was confirmed and Helen Garvy was appointed Assistant National Secretary.

INTERVIEW WITH TOM KAHN By STEVE SLANER

A revitalization may be in the works for the League for Industrial Democracy, the parent organization of SDS. Tom Kahn, acting LID Executive Secretary, declared that the recent Board elections (described in the LID News Bulletin, enclosed in this issue of the SDS BULLETIN) marked a determination on the part of key people in LID to revive the organization*s relationship to the major social movements of today.

Kahn, the author of The Unfinished Revolu tion and the soon-to-be-published Economics of Equality (both pamplets obtainable from LID), said that the League sought to become an educational arm of labor and the civil rights movement. Once this status is achieved, Kahn went on, many tensions between LID and SDS should vanish, and the issue of "old fogeyism" will become spurious.

Noting that he was around the same age as ôm Hayden, past president of SDS, Kahn pointed out that issues could no longer be couched in generational terms- Political differences will exist, but not of the sort that are argued betv/een youth and parents; hopefully, Kahn added, f,more

;8-— £

Phe National Council of SDS met June 15-lb in the beautiful house owned by the Fellowship of Reconciliation in Nyack, N. Y. After a grueling couple of weeks which included the National Convention and the Training Institute for the summer projects immediately preceeding the Convention, the lovely lawns and gardens of the FOR house overlooking the Hudson was sort of a Shan-gri La. In fact, your intrepid National Secretary was required on several occasions to break up touch football games in order to get the delegates back in session.

The Economic Research and Action Project executive committee was organized to consist of the ERAP Director, the President, the National Secretary, the director of âch community project and five at-large elected by the National Council. Rennie Davis was reappointed ERAP Director, and the five at-large chosen were Ken McEldowney, Sharon Jeffrey, Bob Ross, Rich Horevitz and Dick Flacks.

TOM KAHN. . . serious pol i t icalsdiscussion" may take place between LID and SDS,

Stating h i s approval of the SDS SRAP projects (described elsewhere in th i s BULLETIN ) , Kahn remarked that the League has sponsored periodic workshops among academicians and in t e l l ec tua l s on the subjects of poverty, economic and social planning and nental heal th. Out of these workshops has some basic research and plans for several pamphlets. Kahn said that he v/ould l ike bo see SDS publishidiscussions of larger social i ssues , in addition to valuable material on organizational problems; and he declared that "SDS people have a publishing house in LID" i f what they write i s significant and in te res t ing .

Turning to other matters, the acting Executive Secretary noted that SDS enjoys i t s tax-exempt s ta tus by vir tue of i t s aff i l iat ion with LID: th i s necessarily requires a cer tain cautionary approach to matters overtly p o l i t i c a l , since the whole question of tax-exempt organizations i s up for review now by the Federal government. Another advantage of a f f i l i a t ion with LID i s that of t radi t ion and respectabi l i ty when i t comes time for fund-raising. Kahn emphasized, however, that he hoped for new activity from the League — which would constitute a reason for continued (and improved) cooperation between SDS and LID at least as compelling as the financial benefits to be derived from their association.

NOEL DAY... (continued from page l)

Day is a Negro. He is 31, and: is co-chairman of the Massachusetts Freedom Movement, an interracial organization v/hich grew out of the Boston school stayouts of June, I963 — when the first "Freedom Schools" for Negro and white schoolchildren were organized — and February, 1964. Among other organizations, he serves the Civil Liberties Union of Massachusetts and Mass. Political Action for Peace (PAX).

Day is endorsed by Mass. PAX not only because he is in favor of disarmament but also because he articulates the centrality

of peace to the achievement of a just and abundant social order. His announcement pointed out that "as East-West tensions continue to decrease, and Soviet-American relations improve, we are being given new opportunities to convert our defense industries to peacetime uses v/hich will provide more jobs for Americans. We can build decent housing for all our citizens, we can build hospitals and other public facilities, we can provide adequate medical care for all the sick, regardless of income. We can build an educational system truly based on excellence, and provide every American with either a job or a decent income. ^here are rights every citizen should have."

The Ninth congressional district is wholly urban — 16 of Boston's 22 wards — and includes roughly equal numbers of Negroes and Irish, with smaller numbers of Jews, Italians and other less homogeneous groups. It is a low-income district on the whole, with large numbers of working people.

Day's campaign seeks to articulate the needs of the community and the failures of a cold war-centered political system to respond to these needs. It will attempt to make the Negro Freedom Movement and the peace movement parts of the same political effort, and to make that effort relevant to the electoral realities of 1964. Cut of it we should be able to extend and consolidate the organization and the commitment to political action which followed the campaign of H. Stuart Hughes in 1962. In this effort, some unorthodox techniques — borrowed from the freedom movement and other areas — will be harnassed to an orthodox, :Le.an electoral, purpose. The effort, we believe, deserves the support, the assistance and the sympathetic attention of all who believe that politics can and should be used to meet the real issues of our time.

(EDITOR'S NOTE: Dr. Rosen, a professor of economics at Simmons College in Boston, is active in Mass. PAX. He is a key figure in the Noel Day campaign and has published articles in LIBERATION and other magazines.)

(continued from page 1)

The plan of the Convention called for about a day and a half of panel presentations and workshops, giving both a h is tor ica l and a contemporary focus on the roles which rad i cals have played and are playing in American in s t i t u t ions . The Convention was kicked off Thursday evening with speeches by Stanley Aronowitz and Dick Flacks on "Visions of a New Left." (Stanley i s from the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers Union and i s Chairman of the National Committee for Full Employment; Dick i s an Assistant Professor a t the University of Chicago and the former Director of the SDS Peace Research and Education Project.) Friday morning continued with a panel discussion on "The Role of Radicals in I96U Pol i t ics , " fol lowed by questions and discussion. This panel featured Albert Blumberg, active in New York reform po l i t i c s ; Robb Burlage, economic planner for the State of Tennessee; Tom Hayden, past president of SDS; and Sumner Rosen, professor a t Simmons College,

The afternoon session opened with a panel on "The Radical Heritage," featuring Don West, Appalachian historian; Myles Horton from the Highlander Folic School; and James Weinstein, historian of American socialism. The body then broke down into smaller d i s cussion groups to consider in detai l ohe role of radicals in various American i n s t i tut ions and movements. The f i r s t set of discussion groups concentrated on the churches, the univers i t ies , the professions and the government. These four groups were then followed by four groups concentrating on the labor movement, the c iv i l rights movement, the peace movement and community organizing. Many of these large groups in turn broke down into smaller workshops.

The original plan for the Convention called for the body to approve a programmatic document to guide the organization during the coming year. Toward th i s end three draft statements (available from the National Office) were prepared for the consideration of the Convention. After dinner Friday these statements were presented by their authors. The f i r s t , prepared by a group of delegates from the Swarthmore chapter, stressed community organization and the

solidation of co rpora te ixDeraiism anu the need to b u i l d SDS as an organization. The t h i r i , w r i t t e n by Steve kax and Douglas IrtUri, c a l l s * for the building of a new l e f t - l i b e r a l c o a l i t i o n . Following the p r e s e n t a t i o n o f the draft documents, the Convention w a s addressed by Professor Seymour Melman» Saturday morning began with a procedural

plenary se s s ion : credent ia ls were ap-proved, g r e e t i n g s read and guests i n t r o duced. There w e r e also reports by the President, t h e N a t i o n a l Secretary and the Directors o r ERAP and PREP on the growth and a c t i v i t i e s of SDS during the past year . F o l l o w i n g lunch the body was again broken down i n t o small groups, t h i s time for the p u r p o s e of discussing the basic problems w h i c h face SDS during the coming year . I n t h e middle of the a f t e r noon, the p l e n a r y session was reconvened for the purpose o f selecting which of the draft program documents the body wished to perfect . AJFter some debate, however, a l l three document s were rejected and the general consensus seemed to favor attempting to c rea te a new program statement.

The Convention s t e e r i n g committee met during dinner a n d decided that i t would be impossible t o w r i t e a major statement (such as the l a s t two convention documents, the P o r t Huron Statement and America and the ifew E r a ) in the short time whicli remained. The steering committee thus proposed t o t h e body in the evening that i t break i n t o nine leg i s la t ive subcommittees f o r t h e purpose of drafting resolutions t o g u i d e the o rgan iza t ions programming. T h e nine subcommittees would be on t h e a r e a s of chapter programming, Southern program, in te rna l educat ion, adult o r g a n i z a t i o n , 196U e lec t ions , chapter o r g a n i z i n g and recruitment, organizational s t r u c t u r e of SDS, peace programming and community programming. Aft e r two hours o r parliamentary wrangling over whether t h e r e should be nine commit--lT/:J,rt ômmxttees or three committees, and what tne committees should do, the number five ^ n o u t a n d t h e d e l e g ^ t e s

broke up to f r a m e statements on Po l i t i c a l Action, Community Organizing, the African Student, Peace, and Adult Organisation.

(continued on page 32) 30 -

By C. CLARK KISSINGER

In my first report to the membership, as ;he new National Secretary, I take some >ride in being able to report substantive jrogress toward many of the goals which I set for myself upon assuming the office. "he first of these goals is that of making he National Office of SDS more than just secretariat and a fire hazard. For the irst time in its recent history, the NO .as a functioning file system, a legible iookkeeping system, a compatible and effi-lent staff of four full-time and two art-time people, and a periodical report /hich is sent bi-weekly to the National )fficers, the ERAP projects and the chap-:ers. We are now looking forward to being able to take a more active role in coordinating the far-flung operations of SDS.

4y second goal was to stimulate year-round programming by our chapters. And although not as many chapters are continuing to operate during the summer session as I had hoped for, I can announce the creation of two new chapters: at the Harvard Sumner School and at Western Kentucky State College. In addition, chapters are in she process of formation at Antioch, Williams and Queens Colleges, as well as a ligh-school chapter in Teaneck, N. J.

SDS will be participating again this year in the National Student Association Congress through our sponsorship of the Liberal Study Group. Current plans call for the continued publication of the daily Liberal Bulletin, publication of papers for the delegates on such topics as poverty in America and the draft, and presentation of selected speakers. In general, however, our participation in this year's Congress will not be on the same scale as that of previous Congresses.

Perhaps the central preoccupation of the National Staff this summer is with preparations for the fall. We are in the process of creating a chapter organizing manual and stockpiling literature for distribution to chapters and campuses during the first few weeks of the fall semester. It now seems certain that the organization will commit itself to hiring

< Y ^ fcl 'OK several full-time organizers for the school year. This, coupled with an efficient system for region organizing (especially around continuing ERAP community projects), seems certain to bring a sharp increase in our growth rate during the coming year. In general, our potential is enormous — we have only to make the effort to carry our analysis and program to the American student.

The recurrent problem in carrying out such an organizing drive still remains the critical shortage in competent staff, personnel and leadership. During the past year, the program of the SDS — and the opportunities opened up to it — have outstripped the personnel resources of the organization. Our task now is avoiding the temptation to "take one generation of campus leadership and . . . run!" We must instead look toward building the campus base as the wellspring of our student movement.

Our final and permanent problem is, of course, that of financial resources. We will shortly be mailing to the membership a fund appeal. But you need not wait for its receipt in order to send your contribution! I can think of few places where your money can be put to work so efficiently — for example, the average worker on an ERAP summer project is living on 50tf per day. It is a recurring hardship that those who are working the hardest for the organization must simultaneously carry the greatest economic burden. Most of the National Council, for example, donate from 15 to $15 per month on a regular pledge basis. Every member is encouraged to pitch in.

The April 3 NY Times reported that Rep. Burkhalter (D-Cal.) is retiring after one term in the House in disgust with the seniority system whereby major power in Congress is given those who stay the longest. "It's obsolete, antiquated," he said, having gone to Congress after 20 years in public office in California. "These old men have got everything so tied down you can't do anything."

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CONVENTION ... (continued from page 30)

Sunday morning began with the considera* tion of Constitutional .amendments and special resolutions. Two amendments offered by Clark Kissinger were adopted. The first deleted Article VIII of the Constitution (the National Administrative Committee) and the second amended Article IX to allow the National Secretary to hire staff below the level of Assistant National Secretary. Two amendments offered by Steve Max were rejected, both of which would have rescinded amendments passed at last year's Convention. The first would have given each chapter delegate five votes rather than two, and the second would have extended the length of membership required of each candidate for national office to six months. (Revised Constitutions are now available from the National Office.)

Two special resolutions introduced by Jim Williams' were passed. The first urged support for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (see text, page 3) and the second mandated the National Council to welcome the Southern Student Organizing Committee as a Fraternal Organization.

The first item of Sunday afternoon's business was the report of the committee on community organization. After extensive amendment, the report was accepted as a statement of the Convention (see text elsewhere in this issue). The statement reaffirms SDS' move into community organizing via the creation of ERAP and the summer projects, it repudiates any rigid ideology of community organization, it affirms the continuing responsibility of SDS for the community organising program until such time as new adult groupings may emerge, and it makes provisions for more closely integrating the ERA? structure j with the other facets of SDS operation.

The second report was that of the political| activity committee. This report, after j amendments, was remanded to a special com- ! mittee for incorporation into a revised I edition of the America and the New Era [ statement. The report (see text elsewhere ' in this issue) is the first major state- ! ment of SDS on its commitment to electoral "

action and the relationship of electoral action to the building of a new left constituency. It isolates the growth of right-wing political strength as the major development of the past year; it describes the inadequacies of "reform" movements (both urban and congressional),) but stresses the need of developing radical constituencies to be able to win political concessions; it notes and welcomes the cracking of the liberal-Dixie-crat coalition in the Democratic Party and the possibilities for building new left-liberal coalitions; and it mandates the National Council to establish a Political Education Project.

Following dinner Sunday evening, the Convention moved to the election of officers for the coming year. The lengthy elections were undoubtedly the emotional highlight of the Convention. Paul Potter, graduate student at the U. of Mich, and a former Vice-President of the National Student Association, was elected President on the second ballot over Bob Ross, Ken McEldowney and Rennie Davis. Vernon Grizzard, a student at Swarthmore and Director of the Chester project, was elected Vice-President on the "third ballot over Jeff Shero, Carl Wittman and Lee Webb. Todd Gitlin, our past president, graduate of Harvard and grad studert at Michigan, was then elected to the National Council by acclamation. The remaining 111 at-large members of the NC, elected from a slate of 33 candidates, are: Paul Booth, a graduate of Swarthmore and director of PREP; Jeremy Bre-cher, from Reed College; Rennie Davis, graduate of Oberlin, grad student at Michigan and ERAP director; Nick Egleson, from Swarthmore, director of the Philadelphia project; C. Clark Kiss inger, graduate of the IT. of Chicago, former grad student at Wisconsin and current National Secretary; Ken McEldowney, grad student at Michigan; Sarah Murphy, student at the U. of Chicago; Bob'Ross, graduate of Michigan, will be grad student at Brandeis; Jeff Shero, from U, of Texas; Charles Smith, grad student at U. of Texas; David Smith, from Tufts Univ.; Lee Webb, graduate'of Boston University, past National Secretary, director of the Chicago project; Jim Williams, grad student at the U. of Louisville; Carl tfitt-


:RAP TRAININi NSTITUTE

VJ CORRESPONDENCE by MIKE ZV7EIG

I n i t i a t i n g t h e f i r s t SDS-ERAP spate of -community o rgan i za t i on p r o j e c t s t h i s summer, p a r t i c i p a n t s of each of the ten projects a t t ended an ERAP I n s t i t u t e for Community o rgan i ze r s a t Pine H i l l , New York. Nearly 100 s t a f f members at tended the f ive-day conference, which began on June 6 , The c e n t r a l purpose of the I n s t i t u t e was t o provide an ideo log ica l framework and a t e c h n i c a l competence—fe*— the s t a f f before t h e i r formal entrance in to the community a s o r g a n i z e r s . A fu r ther element of t h e I n s t i t u t e was a s t ruc tured and informal s e r i e s of opport u n i t i e s f o r the s t a f f members in each project t o know one another and to become famil iar wi th the ob jec t ive s i t u a t i o n i n " the i r " c i t y .

To achieve these ends , t h e conference was divided i n t o a number of p ro j ec t s t a f f meetings, a t l e a s t one each day, often continuing in formal ly a t meals and during free t ime . Besides t h e s e , general t h e matic ques t ions were explored i n a l a rge number of s k i l l workshops, covering r e search and survey technique , i n t e r n a l and community educa t ion , l e g a l problems, questions of block o rgan iza t ion , p o l i t i c a l ac t ion and a hos t of r e l a t e d t o p i c s .

Workshops u s u a l l y followed general a l l -s taff l e c t u r e s and d i s c u s s i o n s , for which outside gues ts were used. Among them were Stanley Aroncwitz, d i scuss ing "The lRadical» i n t h e Community"; Miles Horton on "The Role of Education in the Movement"; and Jack l l inn i s on "The Hole of Research i n Developing a Community Action" Program."

Although t h e I n s t i t u t e was probably a day o r two too s h o r t , and did not provide for s u f f i c i e n t i n t e r - p r o j e c t contact and coordinat ion, i t was an important and serious f i r s t s t e p i n t h e development of an on-going r a d i c a l program of community organiza t ion . I t was a most important element i n t h e o v e r a l l development of the pro jec ts and served the needs of t he s taff i n important ways.

from STEVE MAX

The f i r s t worklist mailing after the convention contained the following paragraph:

"In spite of i t a l l , we had a p re t ty good convention. The t o t a l number of registrants was 208, and surprisingly for th is s ize , nobody went away mad. Symptomatic of the fact tha t the organization had nothing basical ly new to add to i t s three documents, the convention rejected"'the' three draft convention statements and tackled instead programmatic problems for the coming year* The convention reaffirmed SDS* move into community organizing and debated the special role of the student as an agent of social change."

I find th is summary of the convention scandalously one-sided. While i t i s quite true that the convention reaffirmed community action, i t a lso took the position that e lec tora l a c t i v i t y was as important as non-electoral community action. Moreover, i t was decided that the organization should conduct experimental a c t i v i t y in t h i s area, just as i t i s now engaging in experi mental work in community organizing. This basic policy decision, however, was not mentioned in the worklist mailing.

(continued on page 3&)

(continued from page 32)

man graduate of Swarthmore and Newark project d i rector .

I'Jhile trie ballots were being counted, the body indulged in i t s annual "fund-raising orgy." 06O9 was donated on the spot, and an additional 01,697 was pledged by those present!

The remaining reports — on the American student, peace, and adult organizing — were referred to the National Council for action. t f t ! I t 1 1 t I f M M t t I t t ! t I I t 11 t I t T ! I M T! t ! ! !

NOTE: ANYBODY GOING TO THE UPCOMING NSA CONFERENCE IN MINNEAPOLIS SKOUID CONTACT THE N.O. MEDIATELY

- 3 J -

CORRESPONDENCE... (continued from page 3|)

1 would suggest that the relevant sections of the minutes and the resolutions pertaining to the debate on electoral activity be published in the next BULIETBf along with the resolution on community organization.

I am not sure it is accurate to say that "no one went away mad." I know for a fact that many delegates did not feel the convention to be relevant to their needs as campus-based people working in campus organizations. The large drop in attendance between Saturday night and Sunday was, I think, indicative of this problem. The convention was simply not a convention for students; it was a convention for young adults interested in electoral and non-electoral community work. Thus far the leadership has lamented the growing tension between campus and community but has taken little action to correct it, and the convention did little to help the matter. I would suggest that the tension springs not from an objective need for a hard differentiation between campus and community organizing but from a sometimes-whispered, sometimes-silently believed notion that the campus is really unimportant compared to the ghetto. It was on this point that the convention foundered. I think that it was in part the fault of those of us who presented documents: we failed to make this point clear enough. Some of us did speak to the issue, but in advance of the convention did not realize the central position that this question should occupy; thus the role of the campus was never

fully debated before an awake plenary. I would hope that SDS members send to the MO for copies of the three major draft statements, to see -where they differ on this point,

One of the things I would like to do with the Political Education Project (money willing) is to look into ways that universities can be progressive political factors in the communities in which they are located — for example, the role of Cornell in the campaign of peace candidate Karop Freeman or the level of voter registration among university students. I would suspect that the majority of over-21 students who go into the community to do voter registration are themselves unregistered. We need to get some legal assistance, and perhaps locate a test case to find out why a graduate student who has spent two or three adult years in a community is told that he must vote by absentee ballot where his parents live. Through this type of activity, I hope we can start to close the breach between community organizers and our campus base, ERAP, too, might move in this direction, looking into such things as the degree to which universities are slumlords and property owners, and what students on the campus can do about it. The political, business and real estate connections of trustees and boards of governors might provide some interesting targets as well. The level and accessibility of adult education is another area of profitable overlap.

NOTE: I originally requested that this letter be printed in the worklist mailing. When this request was refused, I invoked ray privilege as an SDS member and had it run as a BULLEflM article.

BE KIND TO YODR NATIONAL OFFICE

* SEND THEM FALL ADDRESSES

* SEND THEM M0NE5T

* WRITE TO THEM

Iw X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X K ^ ^ ^

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

BULLETIN STUDENTSFORA , NOV-DEC 1964 VoUNo.3 DEMOCRATIC

SOCIETY

.PUBLISHED MONTHLY AT 119 FIFTH AVE.. ROOM 302, NEW YORK CITY 10003

ONS AFTFR

i l l 1 J—i i V

DECEMBER N.C. ISSUES RAISED By C. Clark Kissinger

The December meeting of the SDS National Council has been set for December 28-31 in New York City. Like lemings returning t o the sea, i t i s t rue again t h i s year tha t most of our chapters w i l l be able t o get delegates t o New York during the Christmas vacation. Coming as i t does six months after the National Convention, the December NC has t radi t ional!} been the most important NC of the year. Last December's NC drew over 100 people (including Bobby Dylan), and we expect

many more t h i s year.

I t was at l a s t December's NC that the crucia l debates took place which led to l a s t Spring's series of inter-col legiate conferences on poverty and the summer ERAP p ro jec t s . This December, one year 3-ater, we are in a po&i-fcioti -bo evaluate (coat, p . kO)

-1-

By Jeremy Brecher

I am writing the morning after the morning after the elections, when the returns are in but not yet fully analyzed. Two things at this point are evident however: there is going to be a very large Democratic congressional majority, and the only opposition the Republican party is going to present over the next few months will be not to the Administration but to itself. These conditions give the Left an opportunity for the first time in many years to be a choice not an echo* (cont. p. 36)

INSIDE . . . University Reform, * . . . . , . . . 2 Po l i t i c a l Education Project. . . . . 3 Tom Hayden Arrested. 3 IBEP:

IREP Program It-Critique 5

The Unemployed • • • • • • • • • • • 6 Chapter Reports. . . . . . . . . . . 8 Letters* • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3 1 Literature I d s t . . . . . . . . . • • % !

Ui Y REFORM THE PERENNIAL ISSUE

By Shelley Blum

(The following are notes for a speech given at Duke University.)

Anybody can attack the university in a number of places hut often the university shrugs off the charges as of the same level of importance as a march of army ants on New York City. Part of the reason for th i s is that the university i s not structured to respond to student thought, but a large factor i s that the student 's blasts are often aimed at effects and not causes. If i t i s true that the hospital gives students inferior service, i t i s probably due t o the overall university stance that relegates the mere student t o a very passive ro le . The student i s here by the grace of god and the administ ra t ion . The faculty is here to waste time with the students because the administration doesn't want t o deal with them. I would suggest that t h i s att i tude rubs off on the clerks, e t c . who actually deal with the students, who waste the time they could otherwise use in doing valuable work. Similarly, the library problems the students attack, with a l l the i r massive editorial sarcasm, are not root problems. That the inane l ibrary hours have existed for years i s due in large measure to the fact that students have no role in the university. Surely an effective student government would have the power to amend library hours and have a say in library procedures as well *« pn.rhieipe.ting in the decisions thut affect students. Students can take the easy way out and attack ilfinxs'11 nfe* irr<X1«*im i.vii- It, get.s 151J;1« i n t h e way of r e s u l t s . I ©ubwdt t h a t

- 2 -

the f i r s t necessity i s a fundamental crit icism of the univers i ty . The second i s a search for methods of implementation of our v i s ion .

Those of you who have read "Student Social Action" by Tom Hayden w i l l recognize my blueprint for an ideal university. I don't intend t o repeat his examples or his arguments in developing an outline for Duke, but I do draw heavily on both.

I feel that the universi ty should be made more democratic. This means that the largest group, the student body, should be able t o par t ic ipa te in the decisions tha t affect t h e i r l i ve s . The si tuat ion t h a t now obtains i s the playground theory of student government. Let them practice now so that when they go out in to the big world they w i l l be able t o conduct themselves properly. In t ranslat ion: don*t l e t them have any decisions t o make t ha t mean anything. The resul t is immense apathy, student government types, and bigger and bet ter beach weekends. The student governments are not wi l l ing t o even ask for more power. The Duke student government recommendation for t he revision of chartering procedures does not ca l l for t h i s power t o be put in student hands but for the deans t o carefully examine the new group's constitution before i t comes to the student government so they wi l l have an easier time of i t . I t i s very clear that the choice one makes in coming to Duke, as opposed to getting a Job, i s one between being a student and being an adul t . In coming t o Duke one i s forced t o eur-roridex- M e rlghfcn RTKI p r i v i l e g e s unde r (cont. p . 38)

pn.rhieipe.ting

POST-ELECTION PLANS

By Steve Max and Jim Williams

The Organizers of the Po l i t i ca l Educat i o n Project have argued in the past t ha t the major pol i t ica l conflict in the country was between the Administration and the Right Wing (Republicans and Dixicra ts ) . This i s probably no longer t r u e . The fight seems t o be shifting back into the Democratic Party but i t is no longer the old Dixicrat Republican v s . Truman-Kennedy-Johns on ba t t l e t h a t i t once was. The Dixicrats have r e tained t h e i r crucial committee chairmanships, but the reactionary alliance has had i t s voting strength broken in the Senate and possibly in the House as w e l l |

I t would now appear that the major con-f lec t w i l l be that between Johnson Democrats and more l ibera l Democrats. Indeed t h i s fight wi l l be slow to develop since the l ibera ls probably wi l l spin away from Johnson quietly and behind the scenes. Needless t o say, generation of popular pressure and organization of the unorganized can only help the process of building a l ibe ra l coali t ion within the Democratic Party.

Branches of SDS are already at work organizing on the community l eve l . The Pol i t ica l Education Project w i l l approach the matter from the opposite end. While (cent. p. 36")

Tom Hayden was arrested and faces charges of threatening t o k i l l and assault and ba t te ry . The s tory:

The Newark project won a rent s t r ike Oct. 7 and the landlady agreed t o make repairs and lower the rent and signed a notarized statement t o tha t effect • On Wednesday, Oct. 1^, Tom was leaf l e t ing and the landlady (Mrs. Hayes) approached him on the s t r e e t . They argued about her harrass-ment of the tenant . Tom pulled out the notarized statement and she grabbed for i t , h i t t ing him with her free hand. Mrs. Hayes managed t o get the statement and stopped h i t t i n g Tom. Tom then went t o report the incident t o the police and was to ld he couldn't make a complaint for 30 minutes. He then went back t o the scene of the incident and found the landlady and a police car . Tom was booked for assault and ba t te ry and was

taken t o the police s ta t ion where he again t r i ed t o make a complaint but his request was refused. Tom was then thrown in J a i l .

Meanwhile the neighborhood ra l l i ed t o Tom's defense and began making phone ca l l s t o the police s ta t ion urging his r e l ease . Neighborhood people also pressured South Ward Councilman Lee Bernstein, a p o l i t i c a l opponent of the Newark project , t o i n t e r vene in Tom's behalf. About 11 p.m., 5 | hours after Tom's a r r e s t , a group of neighborhood people and Councilman Bernstein went t o the police s tat ion and Tom was released in h i s lawyer's custody. Tom was arraigned Friday, Oct. 16 on charges of threatening t o k i l l and assault and ba t t e ry . The case now goes t o the Grand Jury. (The Newark project i s discussing action

but has not yet decided on what would be the best course t o follow. )

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by Paul Booth and Todd Gitl in

The original PEEP perspective for 1962 -65 program has not rea l ly had a chance to prove i t s e l f , but t h i s report" wil l contain some preliminary judgments, j t i s not yet clear how extensive the program of the various chapters and sympathe t i c peace groups wi l l be, but the limited response to PRCP program suggestions already offers meat for some re— qonsiderations.

« • The most important reconsideration

involves the relat ive emphasis afforded the draft and third world segments of the program. PBSP would be be t t e r off i f i t had three full-time people in Ann Arbor, but unfortunately tha t i s not the case. And i t would appear t ha t in te res t in the draft issue i s quite l imited. More important, we have on hand the basic materials for programming on the draft , but they are lacking for programming on the Third World.

Furthermore, we have maintained from the s t a r t tha t great care would have to be a l lo t ted t o insure tha t any draft movements we instigated quickly made links t o the related i s sues . The joint action of Johnson and Goldwater appears to have bought off a great deal of the la tent in t e res t in ant i -draf t ac t iv i ty .

Until the meeting of PREP»s Execut ive Committee on Hovember 6, no decision can be made shif t ing the burden of staff energies. In the meantime, in the absence of demands of campus groups on the PEEP center for assistance in an t i -draft work, Todd Gi t l i n i s using the "spared timen to s t a r t to put together material on the Third World and t o put out flew Era.

As for the conversion program, i t is moving along quite wel l . The Boston project i s well on i t s f ee t , and Jim Morey—the new Director—has an office a t Ihha l i t . Auburn S t . in Cambridge, and has already made f ruif.f u l contacts with Isbor

leaders at the Watertown Arsenal ( the current focus of e f fo r t s ) . Squally important news? several of the l o c a l SDS chapters have made strong commitments t o working with BPREP.

The major goal of the conversion program i s now to s t i r up i n t e r e s t on the campuses in repl icat ing the Boston" effort in other defense-impacted a r e a s . The most practicable idea would seem to be t o work toward the establishment of perhaps half a dozen summer p r o j e c t s . The most prominent p o s s i b i l i t i e s f o r such projects would seem to be i n t h e Western s t a t e s , "precisely where SDS1

base i s weakest. San Diego, Los A n g e l e s , Denver, and Sea t t l e , are a l l r e e l i n g under the impact of defense spending reductions, and there i s c lear ly more to come between now and the summer. But summer projects are not worth c o n sidering unless preliminary* research and contacting work i s done, and we suffer from a lack of people on t h e s p o t . This need i s less evident in the c a s e of impacted areas east of the M i s s i s s i p p i —Hew Jersey, Philadelphia, Balt imore County, Rhode Island, Boston a r e a , Brooklyn.

The second most important need i s for a conference on how students can play a key role in the process of c o n verting from an arms economy t o a national war on poverty, a conference emphasizing community organizing, p r e paring for summer projec ts , r e l a t i n g the Boston experience and p a r a l l e l experiences of other groups on Long Island, in Camden, and Schenectady. A s i t e for t h i s has not been found.

A possible new arena for PE2P p r o gram has been generated by the C l e v e l a n d cluster , who have located a number OJ£" Cleveland high school students w i t h strong peace and other l e f t concerns., Wc are going to be eaqal oring t h e pros— ( cent. p . 27)

—1|—

-./•\D CKIT By Steven H, Johnson

In SDS we play the "good guy-had guy" game "by set t ing radicals against l i be r a l s , radicalism against next* etep tokenism. attending the characterization, fruitfulness can be set against s t e r i l i t y . If you impatiently picket a vacant lot with a sign reading "Bane t h i s vacant lot for "being s t e r i l e , " your approach is also s t e r i l e . If you have patience and fa i th , i f you plow the l o t , seed i t , water i t , weed i t , and harvest i t , your approach i s f ru i t fu l . For peaceniks (which i s what t h i s a r t ic le i s a l l about), i f we impatiently picket the Pentagon saying "Damn th i s vacant lot for heing s t e r i l e , " our approach i s s t e r i l e . For peaceniks, i t i s acting without heing rad ica l , without r is ing above next-step tokenism. This type of approach i s also exemplified by BKEP's "Toward an Effective Peace Program on Campus," a program which i s neither radical nor peacemaking, and not f ru i t fu l .

I "believe a f ru i t fu l program Is possSbl® for HUP. I t -would he conceived in terms of goals and methods so three goals would he paramount, ( l ) I t wouM put top pr io r i ty on the achievement of r ea l disarmament as the only internat iona l arrangement whereby the national security of each country i s protected without the need for retaining armaments (2) PBEP would give top priori ty t o the job of converting student a t t i tudes . Almost a l l students today accept the cold war, being blind t o any alt«m«fcivw Converting them means teaching them t o see that disarmament i s the pract ical eJlteruatlve, which they can work for. (3) PBEP would give top pr ior i ty to CXganir.lia^ dyxiami/* frt Wl**** gt<m'i« f in

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which being a member requires heing a leader and recruiting and training others t o become leaders. Within t h i s goal-oriented context, PHEP wouM then raise those specific issues with which i t i s now concerned almost exclusively.

As currently outlined, the PREP program fal ls very short of setting such a cont ex t . I t says there ' s been a recent shift in peace issues, from nuclear t e s t ing to economic conversion, the draf t , and American interventionlsm. I t observes that the peace 'movement ha® dedlined; PUP1 s diagnosis i s that the peace movement so far has failed t o organise new constituencies around these new Issues. I t s present program i s one for organising around these new issues . Booth and Gitlin have hopes that t h i s organizing activity wi l l be successful, and crest® a renewed peace movement. But t h e i r PBBP program contains very serious b u i l t - i n l imi t s . Eren i f the i r program is fully successful on a l l fronts, i t w i l l bare made only a tekenlst approach t o the International problems of war and peace.

The H a l t s of TOP: (1) International Relations

On foreign policy questions, toerican citizens ask certain questions that we are required t o have answers for . They want t o know how the national security i s t o be protected. They want t o know vhst leadership there i s for them t o rely upon except the President, the State Department the Defense Department. They want t o be shown where the alternative policies are, and where the alternative 1 » ^ " * ^ M r 1®, that could handle th i s country's far*1g*\ p o U c y yex**1emm mny b e t t e r ( c o n ' t p« 27)

.5 .

A O T t f m ( » M ( - "betveen Dick Flacks and Rennie Devi® on The following I s a correspondence b e t w e e n ^ i . d i r e c t o r of t h e w ^ ^ « « c fftr nrffimizirM t h e unemployed. Rennie uav is i s a i r e ^ u ^ programs for OT«^"°* 7 . a n d D i c k Flacks i s an a s s i s t a n t

project (JOXJ) l a s t summer.

Bear Rennie:

I th ink most of UB are agreed t h a t the cen t ra l problem in organizing t h e unemployed i s t he development of a cont inu ing program of a c t i v i t y for JOIN (Jobs Or Income Row) groups—a program whose relevance i s obvious t o t h e p a r t i c i p a n t s , which can p o t e n t i a l l y r ec ru i t new members and vhich can have B<me p o l i t i c a l s i g n i f i c a n c e . Seme people are already des'pairing t h a t such a program can be developed given the nature of t h e unemployment problem and the kinds of people who are recru i ted t o JOIN. The time for such despair has not y e t a r r i v e d , in my view • I th ink ¥e may "be confronted "by a chance for a breakthrough. 1 r e f e r , spec i f i c a l l y , t o a new b i l l Introduced by Senator Clark on October 1 and supported by Senators Kelson and Morse. This b i l l , sum-marized by I . F . St one* a Weekly of 10-17-6^, represents an attempt t o revive the s p i r i t of t h e F u l l Baploymexit B i l l of 19^6. The hear t of i t appears t o be t h e w r i t i n g in to lav of t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of t h e Federal Govermaent t o maintain unemployment levels below k per cent u n t i l 1968 end below 3 per cent t h e r e a f t e r . The b i l l would r equ i r e t h e Administrat i o n t o submit F u l l Employment Budgets t o Congress with f i s c a l and. monetary provisions aimed at maintaining unemployment at the s t a t e d levels . . I t should be evident t h a t ; (a ) t h i s fr.<t**sB beyond merely ad hoc public "W'orfcs and tax cut measures; (b) t h i s i*Atjtl:tyfcioT**i"Mjr. a t h e not ion of

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ment, with t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y fo r a p proving such plans r e s t i n g wi th Congress r a t h e r than Federal b u r e a u c r a c i e s . The b i l l , according t o S tone , goes beyond t h e measures proposed by Clark 1 s s u b committee, and as f a r as I can t e l l i s one of the more r a d i c a l economic measures t o be recen t ly proposed by l e f t - l i b e r a l s . According t o S tone , t h i s b i l l could become t h e focus f o r l e f t opposi t ion t o t h e Adminis t ra t ion w i t h i n the Congress. I t d e f i n i t e l y does devia te from t h e Adminis t ra t ion empties i s on p r iva te e n t e r p r i s e , educa t ion and token appropr ia t ions as t h e means t o f ight unemployment. And i t c l e a r l y a s s e r t s t h a t e x i s t i n g n a t i o n a l p o l i c i e s are a cause of unemployment.

For these r ea sons , I t h i n k - this l e g i s l a t i o n may be worthy of suppor t . But more than t h i s , i t offers t h e o p p o r t u n i t y for cont inuous , r e l evan t programs f o r JOB? groups . Such a program could b e b u i l t around de lega t ions t o Congressmen and Sena tors , community educa t ion focused on support fo r t h i s Cla rk b i l l , v i s i t s t o newspapers and t o o t h e r "opinion leaders*' urging t h e support f o r t h i s l e g i s l a t i o n , e t c . More t h a n t h i s , i t nay provide t h e occasion fo r a genuine a l l i ance between unemployed o r g a n i z a t i o n s and l abor unions—with unemployed groups urging l abor unions t o b e l p back the l e g i s l a t i o n and labor unions, act l a s t seeing t h e need f o r g r a s s - r o o t s organizat ion of t h e unemployed i n order t o b u i l d support f o r t n e l e g i s l a t i o n . F i n a l l y , along t h i s l i n e , i t seems t o me t h a t t h i s would be a good b a s i s f o r na t iona l MI AT ruua<-i-aiRlng and. J o i n t pre* f».-«i«i.»rf.tjg wi th t h e l abor movement•

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The ideas embodied in the Clark proposal are f a i r l y cfmplex, hut if they can he gotten across t o people, i t seems to me tha t the poss ibi l i ty for national dehate and grass roots organization of the issue of Jabs, automation and national planning v±H be t h e r e .

I ^>jid l ike t o see some discussion of t h i s proposal In the Newsletter and in the next ERAP meeting. In the meantime, I w i l l t r y to obtain copies of the Clark B i l l and supporting mater ials ; I would urge others Interested in the issue t o do the same*

Dick Flacks

Dear Dick:

Y*ur proposal tha t JOIN projects develop a campaign for the Clark legis la t ion doesn ' t , i t seems t o me, resolve the more fundamental organizing problems faced by the Chicago, Cleveland and Baltimore s t a f f s . We b u i l t the JOIN projects on two c r i t i c a l notions: ( l ) that the •conomy Increasingly would f a i l t o provide Jobs—due t o Job-eliminating technological advances in production; upward population t rends; foreign competition; and a steady weakening of post-war consumer demands; and (2) that a program for fu l l employment was a "radical" program—because i t t i ed the Issues together and r e quired fundamental po l i t i ca l and economic change for i t s implementat i on . (To demand fu l l employment vas also t o demand major narrowing of income gaps, redis t r ibut ion of power in the society, and public programs which could meet the enormous social meeds in schools, housing, e t c . )

There i s no question that unemployment, par t icular ly among the s t ruc-VAirally unemployed with whom we work in Cleveland, Chicago and t o a leeoe** «xfr.«»wfc in Bel«m"r*st i.& «"n*«iv The

boom pari id we are i n , howav®r, does raise new questions f w *ur ea r l i e r analysis . The resiliency of the Amerioan economy seems greater than we expected. Unemployruent i s lessening. And there is l i t t l e indication that we can build a movement of unemployed, at l ea s t among whites, In our JOIN projects during the current period.

However, the even more c r i t i c a l and immediate problem faced by JOIN in my opinion i s inadequate program rather than shortages of consti tuents. While the l ines around the unemployment compensation offices have been substant i a l l y reduced, we continue t o find many people who have l i t t l e hope for a steady Job in t he i r l i fe t ime. These people are potential ly radical and could become involved In a social movement. Our fa i lure has been t o provide them with the kinds of experiences which would commit them t o a program for bas ic economic change and fu l l partlclpccfcIon in a movement for tha t program.

Thus f a r , our ac t iv i ty has centered around pet i t ion campaigns, r a l l i e s , apple s e l l i ng , l ea f le t ing , signing unemployed up for membership in JOIN (mostly in Baltimore), and small group discussions. All of these ac t iv i t i e s are important t o bui lding an organization, but are not conducive t o serious po l i t i ca l education. There are few lessons that can be drawn from them and there i s no sense of victory (or loss) following the ac t iv i ty which i s l ikely t o direct ly challenge the unemployed t o accept new responsib i l i t y for developing a program and an organization.

Your proposal comes close t o the kinds of programs needed in JOIN, except in one respect—it has no t a c t i c which would demand a response from established powers, There I s nothing in i t tha t cannot be ignored. The project , i t seems t o me, does not readily lend i t se l f t o such • a c t i c s , because the nrf.n«li*vT. targ-et. ±s distmxfc WasMtxgôrw (conf. - t>. ih)

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1 1 \ i c t c t t V

F a a i y tl t) s1

P< a a* t i t€ tn i i

SDS i s groving on the campus t h i s year in many ways. There are more chapters now (31) than ever before, in more s t a t e s (19, from Mass t o California and Washington, and from Minnesota t o Texas), and with more members. More important than figures is the fact that chapters which l a s t year simply existed are now active—both on the campus and in t he community—in action and education in f ie lds such as c i v i l rights, peace, universi ty reform, community organization, and foreign policy.

Out of this act ivi ty comes many problems and many ideas , a l l of which should be shared. The chapter reports t h a t follow touch on some problems and also show the diversity of the chapters and t h e i r programs. Of specia l in te res t a re : education programs, both in te rna l (See SPAC and Chicago) and external , re la t ions with student government, the campus i n general , the administration, other groups on the campus, the faculty (SPAC), ERAP-PREP projects , t he labor movement (Duke); ideas for speakers and debates; univers i ty reform experiences and ideas (VOICE, Texas, article by Shelley Blum on p . 2 ) ; problems of leadership, use of resources, types of pol i t ica l ac t iv i ty (Harvard, Eeed, HY area, Texas) and ideas for research (Duke). Also t o be noted are the student employees union at Michigan, the Horth Carolina labor project , and t h e "University of Texas solution t o f inancial problems—beer pa r t i e s .

BERKELEY By Mike Bancroft (FSM report compiled

by the HO)

Nothing dramatically new has happened on tha Berkeley c air pus in the a f t e r math of the free speech demonstrations. A committee was or5 ginally s e t up by to* administration in an undemocratic manner to negotiate a f ina l set t lement . That unilaterally and undemocretically established committee was reconst i tu ted October 15. There wi l l now be 6 representatives from each group: faculty, administration, and s tudents ; and k of the 6 student representa t ives will be chosen by the Free Speech Movement. The committee w i l l hold hearings for no longer than 3 weeks, a f t e r which i t will make recommendations. The FSM was optimistic about having t h e i r demands met. But t he optimism did not last long and has now changed t o pessimism,, Students and facul ty appear to be in basic agreement t h a t t he r e s hou ld h© f rê&owft oi* c-jveoe'b cm t h e

Berkeley campus but the administration has s t i l l not accepted t h i s position. And recommendations of the committee must. have the concurrence of a l l three groups involved. The eight suspended students w i l l be t r i e d by the Academic Senate (faculty) and w i l l be defended by the ACLU, which marks a return t o due process. There has also been a good deal of redba i t ing . One San Francisco paper showed a picture of a student demons t ra to r with a book on Marxism (used in a course). A printed newsletter i s now available from Berkeley—the Free Speech Movement Newsletter. Write FSM, Box 809, Berkeley 1, Calif.

The response by SDS chapters t o the ca l l for student protest in support of t he Berkeley students was very good, although we s t i l l don't have complete repor t s .

Many chapters sent telegrams and petitions—some had demonstrations, s t ress ing local grievances at thei r universi ty in addition t o the Berkeley s i tua t ion ,

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CHAPTERS... SDS a c t i v i t y i n Berkeley i s not conf ined t o t h e f r e e speech controversy* Some members a r e working wi th t h e Welfare Rights Organization (WRO) which i s an i n t e r r a c i a l group of r e s i dents of Alameda County who are a t tempting t o secure the r i g h t s of we l f a r e r e c i p i e n t s i n Alameda County and a t present i s w e l l on t h e way t o making t h e Alameda County Welfare Department abide by s t a t e welfare law. This i s q u i t e an accomplishment, considering t h a t Alameda County (which conta ins Oakland and Berkeley) i s r u l ed "by a "non-par t i san" c l ique of businessmen and incumbent p o l i t i c i a n s , t h e f o r e most member of which i s William Khowland.

One t a c t i c t h e Welfare Dept* has used i s a b lanket r e f e r r a l of unemployed men t o farm l abo r and Immediate s u s pension of Aid t o Dependent Chi ldren , without wai t ing t o see i f f u l l t ime employment has been achieved and w i t h out adequate screening for phys ica l a b i l i t y . For inexperienced workers , farm labor pays $3-$4 & day minus t r a v e l expenses , wi th t h e man leaving at 4:30 a.m. and g e t t i n g back a t 8:00 p.m.

The WRO has helped push through and win over a hundred appea ls . However, t h e s e t a k e 4-6 months, without money. The WRO f e l t t h a t t h e r e had been enough s t a l l i n g and presented t h e Welfare Department wi th an ultimatum on s e t t l i n g s ix spec i f i c c a s e s . They refused and a s i t - i n a t t h e Dept* b u i l d i n g was begun on F r i d a y , September 4 . They decided not t o make any a r r e s t s , b u t r a t h e r lock the doors and l e t us out any t ime we wanted, but no one and nothing was t o be allowed i n . At t h a t t ime t h e r e were 20 people in s ide* That evening, 200 sympathetic demonstrators came over a f t e r p i cke t ing t h e Oakland Tr ibune , and 17 of them snuck i n wi th bedding and t h r e e shopping bags of food. The group was ccrapoe«*V iiir»i_-f <»r URO i*?op1*» iu«>iti-i -

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ing two pregnant welfare r e c i p i e n t s and ha l f s t u d e n t s , most ly from CCRE. We We e a t - i n for 88 hours u n t i l t h e bu i l d ing was opened on Tuesday morning. The f a c t t h a t we refused t o be s t a rved out gave t h e WRO more

p u b l i c i t y than a r r e s t s would have* In n e g o t i a t i o n s on Tuesday, t he County Welfare Department gave i n on four of t h e ca se s . The s i t - i n a l so accomplished g e t t i n g t h e ear of t h e S ta te Department of S o c i a l Welfare, which has g rea t power over t h e c o u n t i e s . We met wi th t h e head of t h e S t a t e Department, who agreed t h e County Department wasn ' t ac t ing w i t h i n t h e r e g u l a t i o n s , and t h a t he would t a k e our complaints i n t o cons ide ra t ion i n making new r e g u l a t i o n s . Fur thermore, t h e appeal procedure has been speeded up and t h e r e has been d i r e c t I n t e r v e n t i o n i n cases we b r ing t o t h e s t a t e ' s a t t e n t i o n *

The WRO now faces t h e problem of growing i n t h e welfare community, which i s d i f f i c u l t t o reach. I t c o n s i s t s of a few hard-working middle c l a s s wh i t e s and t h e r e s t present or former we l f a r e r e c i p i e n t s , mostly flegro or Mexican, wi th few organ iza t iona l s k i l l s . Berkeley SDS i s he lp ing t o provide t h e v o l u n t e e r manpower t o f u l f i l l t h e WRO's day- to-day purposes . Recen t ly , Berkeley SDS r e c r u i t e d s tuden t s t o h e l p with t h e casework a t t h e WRO o f f i c e , in terviewing people and help ing them through t h e h o s t i l e b u r e a u c r a t i c maze of t h e Welfare Dept* A t r a i n i n g ses s ion was he ld t o acquaint t h e s e vo lun tee r s with t h e problems and r e g u l a t i o n s involved.

An e f f e c t i v e technique of f i g h t i n g t h e a t r o c i t i e s committed i n Alameda County has been br ing ing them t o t h e a t t e n t i o n of t h e well-meaning s t a t e o f f i c i a l s * SDS w i l l he lp by In te rv iewing people who come t o t h e WRO and p resen t ing t h e i r cases t o t he s t a t e o f f i c i a l s . The s t a t e may h o l d hear ings about t h e wel fa re s i t u a t i o n in Alameda County* For t h i £ , we would t r y t o g e t a massive t u r n o u t ,

CHAPTERS . . . explain the WRO and people's i n t e r e s t in coming t o and speaking out at t h e hear ings . SDS i s also very ac t ive i n t h e WRO's publici ty committee.

BOSTON UNIV. By Dave Felder

During or ienta t ion week the BUSDS d i s t r i b u t e d over 2,000 l e a f l e t s publ ic i s ing Noel Day's speaking at BU. Noel Day was introduced as an SDS member and among the topics he discussed was SDS which he said i s sometimes considered i r re levant but which proves t o be relevant over the course of t ime, Seventy people joined the BUSDS as a r e s u l t of t h i s meeting.

The Students for a Democratic Society i s now well-known on campus. We sponsored j o i n t l y with the Young Democrats a Ci t izens for Johnson-Humphery organizat i o n at B.U. and also set up an An t i -Poldwater Committee.

The BUSDS anti-Goldwater committee passed out 1,000 f lyers publ ic izing t h e anti-Goldwater Vigi l at Fenway Park. About for ty members of the BUSDS conducted a separate Vigi l at t h e entrance an hour before Boston Committee on P o l i t i c a l Extremism (CAPE) a r r ived . Our SDS l i n e grew t o lfco people and we t h e n joined onto the CAFE l i ne as they passed u s . I t was quite Impressive.

The BUSDS has enjoyed excel lent publ ic i ty from the BU News—in f a c t , the publ ic i ty has been too good. They sa id t ha t the en t i r e CAFE Vig i l of 2500 people was an SDS a f f a i r .

Members of the BUSDS have been working for Noel Day and Raymond T. McNally— a PAX (Po l i t i ca l Action for Peace) candidate running as Democrat in t h e town of Brookline. Many of our mem

ber s a re in t h e c i v i l r i g h t s co-ord ins i^* ing committee at BU and we w i l l be jo in ing with them t o publ ic ize James Farmer 's t a l k at M.I .T.

For t h e future we w i l l have a d i scus sion group. On November 18 we hope t o have Professor Howard Zinn speaking on '*The Civ i l Rights Movement." On December 3 , we w i l l d i scuss un ive r s i ty reform, e l ec t new o f f i c e r s , and plan our post e l e c t i on program i n more d e t a i l .

CARLETON By George Brosi

At Carleton t h e most ac t i ve student group i s Action Par ty which has e x i s t e d as a l i b e r a l - r a d i c a l p o l i t i c a l party ( in t h e t r a d i t i o n of VOICE, SLATE and SPAC) s ince ea r ly 1961* Although Action Party i s not a f f i l i a t e d with SDS, we expect t o have a chapter of SDS by t h e t ime of t h e December National Council . So f a r t h i s yea r our a c t i v i t i e s have been centered on campus programiEg, making t h e curriculum r e l e v a n t , and spreading ftthe word."

Nine hundred of our 1300 s tudents have signed up for an Action sponsored " sac r i f i c e meal" f o r t h e benef i t of SNCC which w i l l be he ld on October 30.

Our most time-consuming job has been running candidates fo r t h e Carleton Student Associat ion Sena te . The campaign resu l t ed i n a major e f for t t o s e l l the idea of d i scuss ing "off-campus" i ssues and t o encourage working with other student governments t o pressure col lege and Univers i ty administrat ions ( including our own) t o allow student coo-t r o l over soc i a l po l icy and student p a r t i c i p a t i o n in a l l major college dec i s i o n s .

In response t o t h e idea of Ph i l Raup <& t he Univers i ty of Minnesota SDS, a l rea# about ha l f a dozen Action Party menfcers

CHAPTERS . . . have expressed a desire t o work t o gether in a state-wide, In terdisc i plinary, student-faculty effort t o study Minnesota's poverty problems and draft effective legislat ion which we hope wiH he introduced in the s ta te leg is la ture . Because we are seeking academic credit for th i s work., i t wi l l hme Implications for curriculum refora as well as a r e a l i s t i c "war on poverty" and a co-ordinated state-wide student movement.

Action Party has depended heavily t h i s year on a fantast ic group of sophs, three of whom were senate candidates. Meanwhile upperclassmen in the group have concentrated on spreading "the word." Larry Seigle ha® spoken about his sumner t r i p t o Cuba. The three Mississippi Sumner Project Alutanae have talked t o numerous campus groups and t o many organizations in nearby ccfflommities. Our ERAP alumnus, George Bros! (who worked in the Ann Arbor Office), has been building potential SDS chapters at S t . Olaf'a, St . Teresa 's , S t . Mary's, Winona State, Macalester, and Augsburg, and is preparing for future v i s i t s t o other "nearby" campuses. The very f i r s t Csrleton student convocation on the 2?th featured Pan Barker, George Bros!, and Bob Traer discussing curriculum reform from the perspective of students who spent the sunnier on social action projects .

Clearly we have been weak on programing and allocated tremendous energy to proseli t izing and integrating cur-r lcular experience with ex t racur r i cu la r action. This i s the f i r s t year that these areas 'have received our at tention, so th i s emphasis i s probably healthy. However, we have some real ly good original ideas for programing which you w i l l b e a r about when v«. lmjtims&nk.

tnenu

CHICAGO By Lee Webb

We are off t o a great s t a r t . In the ci ty of Chicago, there Is a pre a* vacuum of lef t act ivi ty and thinking. Although many of the oM lef t adult and student organizations are act ive, they are not on the wave length of the new pol i t ica l developments and poss ib i l i t ies in the c i t y .

The University of Chicago chapter of SDS is small but a l l are experienced aeiabers from other SIB chapters, and ccoaltted •people, and there is a tremendous possib i l i t y for growth. Their I n i t i a l program will be oriented around JOH, that i s helping out with staff, fund ra is ing, r e search, e t c . Wot only w l l i there be an attempt t o get kid© interested in going off canpus t o get involved in organizing the unemployed, but also v l H such methods as leafletIng large Soc. Set. ' lectures, hoping t o get matters of kids involved by writing relevant term papers on issues that JOIH i s interested i n .

At Roosevelt the Comaitte© for Student Action (CSA—the radical student group on campus) at th i s writing i s campaigning for the student government, hoping t o cone up with an absolute majority of the student government sea t s . The Roosevelt Torch gave excellent coverage, "based f© SD6 repor ts , t o the Berkeley- demonstrat ions and protest , and the Boosevelt Student Government passed a resolution protest ing the st.and of Clark Kerr, President of University of California.

Also, CSA was very active in setting up the antl-Goldwscter demonstration that SIS people held on October 16 in front of the Conrad Hilton (where Barry was speaking). The demonstration, i n i t i a l l y planned by Chicago SABE, was picked up by Chicago SDS, and with mlnlwJ effort got about 12* •pmtr&l.m cmt- About 3000 leaf le t s vere

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CHAPTERS.. . d i s t r i bu t ed , and people t c m ^ ^ . . campuses showed up. We got gooa and te lev is ion coverage, but poor press coverage, I had a number of rad o interviews , as did other of t h e p a r t i c ipants ; and ve were on a l l t h e ^ ^ { t e l ev i s ion news shows, and in a l l pub l i c i t y tha t we got , SDS was mentioned e x p l i c i t l y . An excellent beginning fo r SDS student ac t iv i ty on the Chicago area*

As there are a large number of SDS members and prospective members not a t tached t o a univers i ty , we f e l t i t Important t o set up an a t - l a r g e SDS chapter. The main group of people who w i l l be in i t are JOIN s t a f f members, s t a f f frcm the Young Chr i s t i an S tuden ts , American Friends Service Committee, Turn Towards B&ace, Packinghouse Workers, and I am certain there are going t o be more. The meeting i s being held as I wr i te the r epo r t , so a d e f i n i t e account of t h e i r program i s d i f f i c u l t t o p r e d i c t . However, e a r l i e r sentiment was t h a t the chapter1 s program be p r i marily educational for i t s members. As many of them are active in other o rgan i sat ions f u l l t ime, there i s c e r t a i n l y a need for substantive i n t e l l e c t u a l d i s cussion and evaluation. The model i s s imilar t o th© f emous Bobb Burlage discussion group in Boston. Someone i n t h a t chapter had suggested t h a t t h e meetings be open t o the publ ic and be cal led a Chicago Mew Left Forum.

A week from tonight w i l l be t h e f i r s t meeting of the Chicago Hew Left Study Group. There i s cer ta inly a d e f i n i t e need for more ideological d iscuss ion about America, i t s fu ture , i t s move- • meets. The f i r s t meeting -will be primarily a discussion of what t h i s lew Left Study Group should study and d i scuss . Read the next B u l l e t i n t o find out what they decided. Also a t t h e meeting Bob Boss w i l l lead * discussion of The Wr t r i buHr - , _» ™

I and Wealth i n America.

Further on t h e r eg iona l l eve l* We a r e planning on making extens ive use of confe rences . An organiz ing committee f o r conferences i s meeting t h i s Fr iday evenii At present i t looks as i f we w i l l have a major SDS conference on STUDENTS AM) THE OTHER AMERICA some time i n t h e midd le of January. I t w i l l be fo r t he e n t i r e Midwest r e g i o n . Also , t h e r e I s considerable sentiment for a l o c a l Chicago conference or day-long seminar on community o rgan iz ing .

CORNELL By Arlene Eisen

En thus ias t i c s o c i a l and p o l i t i c a l con cern sor t of f l u c t u a t e s a t C o r n e l l . About every two years a new group i s formed, launches an ambitious program and eventual ly d i s s i p a t e s . I hope tliacfc t h e new SDS chapter here w i l l b reak " th i s t r a d i t i o n .

We have ou t l ined a program t e n t a t i v e l y for t h i s y e a r . There w i l l b e a s e r i e s of seminars conducted by s o c i a l i s t or iented p r o f e s s o r s . One i s e n t i t l e d , "Can the two pa r ty system poss ib ly accomodate i t s e l f t o s i g n i f i c a n t s o c i a l change?" The second w i l l be concerned wi th a study of fo r e ign a f f a i r s b a s e d om a reg iona l a n a l y s i s from which we w i l l t r y t o cons t ruc t some po l i cy a b s t r a c t s . These seminars and poss ib ly s eve ra l forums, debates and l e c t u r e s w i l l s e r v e t h e educat ional func t ion .

We have a l ready c i r c u l a t e d and sent p e t i t i o n s off t o Berkeley , sold "Pa r t of t h e way with LBJ" b u t t o n s and sponsored severa l speakers .

We may a l so t r y some community o r g a n i z a t i o n on I thaca housing i n t h e f h e t t o . But t h i s w i l l r e q u i r e a g rea t dea l ot planning and e f f o r t s ince I thacans axe i-a*ber burdened by a h i s t o r y of a b o r t iv«

CHAPTERS. . . student attempts at do-goodism. We'll probably also take up some campus campaigns on l ibera l iza t ion of women's regulat ions, e t c .

GRINNELL By Marion Meyer

So fa r , our ac t iv i t i e s have been primarily in the area of voter regis t ra t ion in Grinnell and Des Moines. We are also in the process of investigating the pay scale for the maids and jan i tors here. This Saturday we are going into Des Moines t o investigate reports that there i s a section of town with a population of 5000 which has neither e l ec t r i c i t y nor indoor plumbing. We are working closely with the Young Democrats group here at Grinnell College, and with the United Christian Campus Fellowship at Drake in our voter regis t ra t ion d r ive . We have been in touch with Des Moines CORE and AFSC. We are attempting t o work with (and actually get on the road) an a l l Iowa Colleges Human Rights and Peace Congress. Last year one was begun which met here and flopped miserably. This year we hope t o keep in be t t e r touch with one another and coordinate efforts t o bring speakers such as Jesse Gray and Mike Harrington, and performers such as Guy Carawan and Dick Gregory. Next week we are beginning our faculty discussion dinners ( invite interested faculty and 8 students—all t ha t can f i t at a table—to dinner t o discuss relevant mat ters) . Next week i t i s an Economics professor and we are discussing the Triple Revolution.

Come t o the SDS NATIONAL CIOTTPCIL METING

D e o . 2 8 - 3 1 New York

HARVARD

By John Jfendeloff

A chapter now exists here , but not a l l the people in i t know why. Following various pre-season planning sessions and the leaf le t t ing of the university r eg i s t r a t ion , an organizational meeting at t racted about 90 people.

At the meeting they were to ld about SDS, ERAP, PREP, and the t en ta t ive chapter program. Unfortunately, questions about SDS's ideology e l i c i t ed very confusing answers from the people running the meeting; the supposed consensus of the planning sessions proved shaky at b e s t .

Before the school year had begun, SDS groups had worked with t he Massachusetts Freedom Movement t o br ing out 1200 people, mostly s tudents , t o a s i l en t v i g i l around Fenway Park and Barry Goldwater. Much less successful have been the efforts t o se t the Noel Day campaign spinning to November 3 with enough force t o make pos t -e lec tora l action a natural ra ther than an a r t i f i c i a l consequence. No more than 100 Harvard students have worked in the Day campaign; for most of t h e s e , the committment never moved very far from the heart t o the head. Noel's speech on campus was greeted by a standing ovation from the 400 students who f i l l e d Emerson D t o hear him; 75 work-cards were f i l l e d out by people who hadn't signed anything "before; 50 were contacted; 15 or 20 eventually did some work. We i n Boston w i l l have a good deal t o say about the Day campaign, but w i l l l e t i t wait un t i l after the e lect ion.

In the meantime, 2 days af ter our organizational meeting, about 25 people gaM***^*1

t o discuss the prospects for cowjimmity organization work in Cambridge. 15 of them hfid pax^lvnmly Aiirveyed f o r a

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CHAPTERS. campaign-supported action center in lorchester; the 75 minute ride t o and from the center forced the revival of some members' plans for working in Cambridge. Half of the people at fehat meeting had not been active on the Harvard po l i t i ca l scene before; that night they l is tened to a very exciting discussion of what community organization was and how we should go about i t . This meeting was followed by 3 more and by surveying in Cambridge, a l l of which led ue to the decision that we r e a l l y shouldn't work in Cambridge after a l l .

Community organization is not impossible in Cambridge; organization around misery i s ; an organization already exists in the Negro community; in many lower-middle c lass areas where ethnic t i e s are strong and yards well-kept, we have been told that we should work in the west part of the city with the parents who l e t t he i r children roam around Harvard Square a l l evening; only discomfited groups l ike the Portuguese-speaking population seem insecure in the neighborhood. Ilonetheless, issues l i ke urban re newal, the seemingly i r r e s i s t ib le expansion of Harvard and M3T, and the neighborhood-ravishing inner-belt highway are major concerns t o the inhabitants of eastern Cambridge• We may s t i l l work on these issues in the future, but , for now, we decided that work at the Dudley Street action center in an integrated area of Boston would be more profitable. — -

Financed, at the moment, by the Day campaign and provided with a paid staff of one, the center s i t s on what the I ta l ian gang ca l l s the last white eoomer in the area; they also say they aim t o keep i t t h a t way. In the l as t 10 years the influx of Negroes and f l ight of more

affluent whites to the suburbs hsjs t r a n s f armed a eteOble middle-

class d i s t r i c t into a lower-middle class misture in flux. Negroes compose perhaps a quarter of i t s population now. The I960 census presents the s t a t i s t i c s as follows: average income # 8 0 0 ; uneaptLcy. ment (male) 1.2$; average educational leve l of those over 25 years old-10 years 65$ of the housing deter iora t ing or delapidated. The houses are old, but the owner occupied 2 family dwellings are s t i l l nice. Other s t r e e t s , mostly Negro, look l ike an expanse of badly tended t ee th : empty, r o t t en , burned out shel ls and large vacant l o t s with ugly holes dominate the bleak landscape. Having the c i ty t e a r down the burned-out houses and help the residents to tu rn the de facto junkyards in to playgrounds has appealed to everyone in t h e neighborhood; on one block a rent s t r ike seems feasible; on another a resident I t a l i an cop to ld us t o get the he l l out of the neighborhood. We are rea l ly s t i l l only surveying and researching, although block meetings are being t en ta t ive ly proposed. Like a l l community organizat i o n , t h i s i s an experiment.

Back on campus, 2 seminars, one on thte 196*4 election and the other on the MFDP and independent p o l i t i c a l action (with Harold Zinn) attracted. 25 and 35 people respectively. They should grow ( I think we are building a base for them), but the i r ultimate success de pends upon our ab i l i ty t o s t ructure them into a more meaningful educational experience; considerable work should go in to them and something concrete should emerge, a paper perhaps or a plan of action in a certain f i e l d .

In the inter-campus sphere, plans fo r an anti-Goldwater march and r a l l y on the Boston Commons originated here arid has spread quickly; speakers w i l l be Mark 1)3 Wolfe Howe, James Breeden oT the Mass. Freedom Movement, Joseph Salerno, I n t ' l Y.P. of Amalgamated Clothing Workers, and Richard Gotten, President of the Harvard Crimson. Aimed primarily at students, t h e march should

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CHAPTERS,.. "bring together a few thousand.

The simple question i s how t o create the most effective chapter. On a large , fragmented campus mere communication can "become a major obstacle t o organization. So fa r , the organizat i on has concentrated on bringing a f a i r ly small group of people in to fa i r ly close contact with SDS. Some people think that on a large campus, radical control of the S.G. would provide the platform we need t o s t i r the campus; others, considering the scorn which i t s impotency inv i tes , feel that i n f i l t r a t ion would make us something of a joke. The debate wi l l continue and should become more relevant,

LOUISVILLE By Bruce Westbrook

This i s sort of an informal report between business meetings as t o what has been happening here . About 250 people signed our mailing l i s t at reg is t ra t ion , and about 35 signed the "work against Goldwater l i s t . " This l a t t e r l i s t we sent t o COW,, which wi l l type i t up and send us copies, thus saving us some c le r i ca l work.

On Thursday, Sept. 2^, we had a night meeting at which we showed the film "The Extremists" which AFL-CIO furnished. Since our communications on campus remains as of now, chronically ineff ic ient , we weren't able t o reach everyone who might have wanted t o come. I t appears that mail , expensive though i t i s , i s the only efficient way t o contact large numbers of people on campus. We're s t i l l working on the money angle. The "Extremists" \>*3fmxM *t h a s e*xnBe<\ a tnl n o r s t i r on campus «

Future plans r ight now: Distributing l i t e r a t u r e when Gene Snyder speaks on campus tomorrow. Big seminar under auspices of History Club.

We have made up a leaf le t from "Goldwater A-Zu using his more mili tant statements. I t ' s en t i t l ed "Barry and the Bomb." Literature we've received has been appreciated.

The Michael Harrington meeting was a very good success. He spoke t o a capacity crowd of 200-plus, t h i s despite the fact that the meeting was at 11 A.M. while many classes were being held. The audience was overwhelmingly sympathetic and impressed by him. Many graduate s tudents and faculty members attended.

Three members picketed and leaf le ted In front of Goldwater headquarters downtown during lunch hour. In less than a half hour i-50 copies of "Barry and the Bomb" were d is t r ibuted . This disturbed the Goldwater people very much, and they came out and s tar ted d is t r ibu t ing t h e i r own l i t e r a tu r e along side u s , crying out "Goldwater Against Communism5" Inc i dental ly, the Goldwater headquarters has been having several daily showings of "Operation Abolition" t o show "U.S. Communists at work." Also we are working with Carol Stevens of t he SDS a t -large chapter in establishing a day-care center for the local Tobacco Workers Union.

A note on the p l i t i c a l atmosphere: The IBJ people seem t o have a s l igh t edge here, but i t ' s amazing the number of people openly advocating invasion now of Red China. At the State Fair t h e Gold-water people had 3 booths plus a Birch booth passing out some of the same stuff. The YD*s have s tar ted t o move, they ' re a b i t shy of us since we passed out ADA l i t at r eg i s t r a t ion .

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at t h e Univers i ty ) i s a par t of t h e s u e ; s t rugg le which the Employees' Union i s ! vaging agains t t h e Un ive r s i t y . Beth s t rugg les a r e against t h e Unive r s i ty ' s attempt t o a r b i t r a r i l y determine what ! t h e student must accept while he i s a t Michigan, As Kenneth Winter put i t , in a recent Daily e d i t o r i a l deal ing with Student Government, t h e Un ive r s i t y ' s terms are ' ' that t h e s tuden t must agree t o a 'package d e a l ' , he must accept a l l t h e r e g u l a t i o n s , p o l i c i e s , procedures and s tandards of eva lua t ion t h e Uhi- I v e r s i t y chooses t o impoee or get nothing , a t a l l . The ind iv idua l has e s s e n t i a l l y j no power t o change t h e "bargain i tem by | . i tem." The Union i s a t tempt ing t o ' s t r i k e out a t t h i s Un ive r s i ty policy* I f i t can break t h e acceptance of t h i s pol icy by t h e s t u d e n t s , then t h e path i s open for s tudents t o ba rga in with t h e Univers i ty i n terms of s tudent p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n de te rmina t ion of curr iculum, genera l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , and self-government.

a t t h e Univers i ty ) i s a par t of t h e same \ s t rugg le which the Employees' Union i s ! vaging agains t t h e Un ive r s i t y . Both s t rugg les a r e against t h e Unive r s i ty ' s attempt t o a r b i t r a r i l y determine what ! t h e student must accept while he i s a t Michigan, As Kenneth Winter put i t , in a recent Daily e d i t o r i a l deal ing with Student Government, t h e Un ive r s i t y ' s terms are " tha t t h e s tuden t must agree t o a 'package d e a l ' , he must accept a l l t h e r e g u l a t i o n s , p o l i c i e s , procedures and s tandards of eva lua t ion t h e Uhi- 1 v e r s i t y chooses t o impoee or get nothing , a t a l l . The ind iv idua l has e s s e n t i a l l y j no power t o change t h e ba rga in i tem by | . i tem." The Union i s a t tempt ing t o ' s t r i k e out a t t h i s Un ive r s i ty policy* I f i t can break t h e acceptance of t h i s pol icy by t h e s t u d e n t s , then t h e path i s open for s tudents t o ba rga in with t h e Univers i ty i n terms of s tudent p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n de te rmina t ion of curr iculum, genera l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , and self-government.

STUDENT ACTION LEAGUE By Richard Horevitz

The most exc i t i ng event t o h i t t h i s campus in years has been t h e formation of t h e Student Action League (SAL) out of t h e VOICE campus committee. In t h e week s ince Barry Blues t one and I spoke a t t h e VOICE speaker r a l l y on t h e Diag i n support of t h e Berkeley s tuden ts and t o demand u n i v e r s i t y reform a t t h e Un ive r s i t y of Michigan, t h e Un ive r s i t y has begun t o perceive and reac t t o t h e p o t e n t i a l i n < student a c t i o n . For t h e f i r s t t ime i n j y e a r s , s tudents have s tood up fo r t h e r i g h t s which are slowly being withdrawn from them.

CHAPTERS.. .

U. OF MICHIGAN The following are two exerpts from the VOICE news le t t e r , ,%The Campus Voice . "

STUDENT ~

EMPLOYEES' UNION On Wednesday n i g h t , October 7, 196"*+, the Universi ty of Michigan Student Employees* Itoion (UlÊU) was given o f f i c i a l r ecogn i t ion by t h e Student •rwernment Counci l , I t i s t h e aim of t h i s Union t o work f o r b e t t e r s tudent wages and working condi t ions*

Pie main short range object ive of the Union s h a l l be t o r a i s e t he minimum wage at the Univers i ty t o $1.25 and from i h e r e , r a i s e t h e wage in a l l of Ann Arbor, t o t h i s minimum. The long range g o a l , however, s h a l l be t o ra i se wages t o an adequate l eve l and t o improve working c o n d i t i o n s .

I t i s l i k e l y t h a t t h e Union w i l l ba r gain wi th t h e U n i v e r s i t y for h igher wages, f inding t h a t t h e Univers i ty w i l l not y i e l d t o t h e Union ' s f u l l demands. Wages w i l l probably b e ra i sed by an ins ign i f i can t amount t o a t t r a c t people t o vacant Jobs , and t h e Union w i l l f ind $hat some form of s t rong ac t ion w i l l be necessary* This may be in t h e form of a slow down, s e l e c t i v e walk off , or a work boycot t* Of course t h e ac t i on "âken by t h e Union w i l l be l i m i t e d by what t h e working members are w i l l i n g t o t r y against t h e Un ive r s i t y . I f they are h ighly d i s s a t i s f i e d , a l ong , or more probably, a s h o r t s t r i k e may take p lace . The Union, however, w i l l t r y t o solve a l l problems through negot ia -tif?n» I t i s p r e d i c t a b l e , however, t h a t the need for one o r wore of t h e above act ions w i l l be necessa ry before the t>*i cjn flisniands wilX "be met*

^ f i g h t fo r U n i v e r s i t y Reform ( i . e . , 8t\a&«n*v pfecrt±cdi>«t>l-»» **> dec i s ion making

There has been a profound yet s u b t l e change occurring i n t h e atmosphere of t h e u n i v e r s i t y , and now t h i s change has b e g u n t o arouse t h e student body. This change has been t h e dec l ine of t h e u n i v e r s i t y as a concerned, educa t iona l environment*

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C HAPTERS . . . This s i t u a t i o n has a r i s e n e i t h e r through an e x p l i c i t dec i s ion by un i v e r s i t y admin i s t r a to r s or by d e f a u l t , t h e r e s u l t of no d e c i s i o n . At any r a t e , t h e u n i v e r s i t y has allowed i t s e l f t o become merely an i n s t i t u t i o n t h a t provides t h e phys ica l equipment for student education—and t h a t i n adequately—and not a r i c h , nourishing s o c i e t y . This s tatement has grave impl i ca t ions . In e f f e c t , t h e administ r a t i o n i s g iv ing higher p r i o r i t y t o t h e running of i t s corporate i n s t i t u t i o n than t o t h e process of educa t ion . I t means t h e admin i s t r a to r s b e l i e v e education cons i s t s of "book l e a rn ing" and not through l i v i n g and p a r t i c i pating i n t he c u l t u r a l environment of an academic s o c i e t y .

The phenomenon of t h e b u r e a u c r a t i z a t i o n of American u n i v e r s i t i e s has been su f f i c i en t ly d i scussed , and so I w i l l address myself t o t h e problem of philosophy. Lack of space prevents me from great e l abo ra t i on on t h e sub jec t , but I th ink i t i s important t o ou t l i ne the problems t h a t f ace us»

Tuesday, October 1 3 , 25 s tudent leaders met wi th Pres ident Hatcher t o d iscuss t h e grievances a r t i c u l a t e d a t t h e speaker r a l l y . At t h i s meet ing, President Hatcher made i t c l e a r t o us t h a t t h e problems of t h e u n i v e r s i t y are no concern of t h e s t u d e n t s . He sa id t h a t t h e u n i v e r s i t y i s l i k e t h e family . One doesn*t make demands on h i s p a r e n t s . Students , he i m p l i e s , a re l i k e ch i ld ren , who can have no say in t h e d i r e c t i o n of t h e i r l i v e s . Since only t r a i n e d adminis t ra tors know what i s good for t h e i r " ch i l d r en" , s tuden t s should adhere t o t h e narrow r o l e s i n t o which they are be ing d i r e c t e d . He i s saying i t i s t o o bad t h a t good teachers are l e a v i n g , t h a t t h e r e i s not enough lAiidy space , t h a t dorms and classrooms are crv ex crowded, t h a t our p o l i t i c a l rigV(f,<* n,-r, oV.iir>^rl. **•**• ** i*1 n ° t for

us t o demand change; we must wa i t . After a l l , we do not understand the "complexities of t h e s i t u a t i o n . " Even more important , he i s saying t h a t t h e r e i s no ro l e i n t h e educat ive process for s t uden t s , o the r than t h e r o l e of an " i n t e l l e c t u a l r e c e p t a c l e . "

I f t h i s i s t r u e , then we must look upon our years i n t h e un ive r s i t y as years i n a s t e r i l i z e d "Skinner box", where education becomes merely a response t o a negat ive pa terna l i sm. I do not be l i eve education i s " f ac t -ga the r ing" . I be l i eve i t i s l i v i n g in a soc ie ty t h a t promotes t h e va lues of c u l t u r e , t h a t responds t o t h e needs of i t s members, t h a t g ives us a share i n t h e making of dec i s ions . The Univers i ty of Michigan i s not such a s o c i e t y ; perhaps no American u n i v e r s i t y i s . But we are being t h r u s t i n j u s t t h e opposi te d i r e c t i o n . Our education i s being de humanized, and we have progress ive ly l e s s control over i t ,

This concept of t h e u n i v e r s i t y as such a socie ty i s , I b e l i e v e , t h e philosophic core of SAL and of SDSfs philosophy of education. This i s what we are f i gh t ing f o r , and i s a s t e p beyond t h e immediate a l l i e v i a t i o n of our gr ievances about t h e physical p lant of t h e un ive r s i ty*

MIT From Boston Area Coordinating Committee

minutes

SDS activity at M3T is presently merged with that of the Scientists and Engineers for Johnson and Humphrey. After the election they will begin organizing a Scientists and Engineers for a Democratic Society, affiliated with SDS. They hope to bring a series of speakers on arms control and disarmament. The Scientists and Engineers sponsored a rally and panel discussion at Cambridge Latin High concerned with disarmament and extremism.

CHAPTERS.. .

NEW YORK AREA By Robert Jaffe (CCNY)

New York City students have s t a r t ed a campaign in order t o preserve the 117 year t r a d i t i o n of free t r u i t i o n for t he City Unive r s i t i e s . This e f for t i n volves a non-partisan p o l i t i c a l campaign t o inform voters in ce r ta in d i s t r i c t s t ha t t h e i r assemblyman voted against t h i s i dea l . All t h e assemblymen we are f ight ing have voted against-— discharge of a h i l l which would guarantee free t u i t i o n . This means tha t by reducing s t a t e a i d , the Governor could force the City t o impose t u i t i o n charges and r e l i e v e Albany of f inancia l d i f f i c u l t i e s brought about through poor f i s c a l p o l i c i e s .

On Saturday, October 17, over 200 students met at the Baruch School (CCNY), t o begin the dr ive i n two Manhatten d i s t r i c t s . After a speech by Joel Cooper, coordinator of the campaign, block captains took t h e i r groups out for the s t a r t of the door - to -door campaign. The s tudents went t o housing p ro j ec t s , shopping centers and s t r e e t corners , t a lk ing t o people and d i s t r i b u t i n g l i t e r a t u r e . There were also sound t rucks pe t ro l ing t h e a reas .

On successive Saturdays t he re were r a l l i e s a t Brooklyn and Queens Colleges. During t h e week small groups of students (10-40 d a i l y ) , were sent out in a more concentrated ef for t in t h e same a reas .

I t i s d i f f i c u l t t o t e l l now what t h e effect of our campaign w i l l b e . We are hoping t o defeat at l e a s t two or t h r e e assemblymen t h i s year and put «»T*< Igh pressure on t h e others t o l^Kuj^y affect t h e i r opinions. This i s a s t r i c t l y non-part isan student fJZ'lv** -.»lvl,U ....-,,1/1 %rj t*rt\.*..,<\ 4t , r^.h e T .

areas wi th a s imi la r problem,

N Y U By John Roberts (NYU)

There a re two l e v e l s of involvement of SDS people a t NYU Uptown. The f i r s t i s in t h e chapter i t s e l f and a l s o as par t of t he Heights Freedom Movement of which t h e SDS chapter i s so r t of a caucus. SDS ojoa SDS has done very l i t t l e yet t h e r e are rumblings. For one, we

. w i l l -be announcing ourse lves t o t h e campus i n a few days v i a a l e t t e r t o the e d i t o r r e fu t ing h i e do-nothing a t t i t u d e . We w i l l a l s o "be b r ing ing a l a rge contingent t o t h e SDS NO open house and hope t h a t our chap te r membership w i l l a t l e a s t double (from 5 t o 10) i n t h e next few d a y s .

The r a t e of growth of t h e Heights Freedom Movement on t h e o t h e r hand has been phenomenal. The f i r s t t h i n g t o be noted i s t h a t t h e t o t a l enrollment of our campus (geographica l ly separa te from most of NYU) i s 2 , 5 0 0 . Our mail ing l i s t i s now about 250. Of t h i s number from 80-100 are a c t i v e on a week-to-week b a s i s : 17 t u t o r i n g in Harlem, 30-50 t u t o r i n g i n l o c a l churches and in our own p r o j e c t , 10 i n a commit tee which ac t s as l i a i s o n wi th SNCC, and from 2-5 people i n an a r t s ( f i lm) committee, bi-weekly b u l l e t i n , f r a t e r n i t y i n v e s t i g a t i o n g roup , a n t i -attendance regu la t ion committee, and

^general admin i s t r a t ion .

Within a week of our f i r s t genera l meeting we had our f i r s t a c t i o n p ro jec t which was a voter r e g i s t r a t i o n d r i v e in t he South Bronx. About 23 people took part in t h i s . After t h a t we s e t t l e d down t o committees and t u t o r i n g . There has been a lack of c r e a t i v e t h i n k i n g where ac t ion pro jec t s a r e concerned and although the re i s work be ing done on a more permanent working arrangement b e -t **<><--*» *}5* an*} P O B ^ flfr<Hjpn in tJhte SJPUrOBS-f

-18-

The issue i t s e l f i s not t ha t important hut we hope t o make a "broad a t t ack on some of t h e f r a t e r n i t i e s on campus which we are p r e t t y sure are r e s t r i c t i v e and th ink t h a t t h i s i s a s t a r t .

CHAPTERS. . . i t w i l l probably not g e l l for a couple of months. In t h e meantime we have no other t h i n g t o f i l l i n . We f e e l t h a t a project i s necessary t o serve as a s t a r t i n g education i n t o some of t he workings of soc ie ty so as t o broaden pe r spec t ives . The t u t o r i n g t h a t we do •usually does not do t h i s for i t often involves p r a c t i c a l l y a l l t h e t u t o r ' s f ree t ime and can be a l i m i t i n g exper ience. There i s t h e p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t our own t u t o r i n g p ro jec t may t u r n t o more genera l i s s u e s , bu t t h e other t u to r ing programs are not s t ructured t h i s way.

One area of p a r t i c u l a r neglect has been t h e campus. In our zea l t o get whatever pro jec ts we have go t t en going there has been no attempt t o reach those not sympathetic already or on t h e border l ine and a p a t h e t i c . The ca&pus i s well aware of our ac t i v i t y— there i s hardly a day t h a t t h e r e i s not a newspaper a r t i c l e announcing or report ing one of our even t s . Yet few people r ea l ly know our concerns or program who are not a l ready involved. Due t o a grant we have rece ived from the Sociology Department we w i l l be having a film program, bu t we have as yet devoted no t ime organizing a l ec ture s e r i e s , seminar group, or l i t e r a t u r e t a b l e . I t h ink very often we spend too much t ime g e t t i n g people t o go off campus when a t l e a s t a good port ion of our work ought t o be on campus.

There are two areas of campus work in which we are involved. The f i r s t i s around a f r a t e r n i t y i s s u e . There i s one f r a t on campus t h a t has made an issue of f ly ing a confederate f l a g . We have become Involved i n making an issue of t h i s . So f a r i t has been a matter of n e g o t i a t i o n of s o r t s , but by the t ime t h i s i s p r i n t e d t h e r e w i l l probably have been p i c k e t s , r e s o l u t i o n s , and words from t h e fldroinistx-a-fcion.

The other a rea of campus involvement i s an attempt t o change attendance regu la t i ons which l i m i t t h e amount of c u t s . So fa r t h i s has been a very quiet underground a f f a i r t h a t has much i n t e r e s t but s t ead i ly decl in ing a c t i v i t y . I t may be brought up i n regard t o our s tudents who w i l l be i n Miss iss ippi for a week t o work on t h e Freedom Bal lo t and w i l l b e come quickly over-cut , but I don*t think an i s s u e w i l l be made of i t .

We hope t o work some of the bugs out of our program and develop some idea of what we are heading toward at a r e t r e a t t o be held i n two weeks. L o g i s t i c a l problems w i l l l imi t t h e number of people t o o f f ice rs mainly and we hope t o have an in tens ive se t of d i s cus s ions . We have not begun work on planning for i t yet and fea r t h a t i t w i l l f l op i f we don ' t do some soon. One t h i n g i s c lear a l ready , not everyone i s i n agreement about Ideology and program. This i s not necessa r i ly bad. What i t does do i s r a i s e the quest ion of whether or not t o become more homogenous in ou t look and perhaps lose some members or t o remain non- commital and umbrella- i s i u I th ink t h a t i t i s t h i s b a s i c quest ion t h a t accounts for t he fac t t h a t t h e

1Heights Freedom Movement has not become an SDS chapter . Among those who know SDS the re are some who would not Join and I suspect t ha t t h e r e are many others who w i l l f e e l t h e same when they are introduced t o SDS. One th ing which would h e l p , again, would be a more in tens ive education program both i n t e r n a l l y and on campus, bu t no one has taken t h e time t o organize something l i k e t h a t y e t .

We would l i k e t o throw out one question J Tor aifsctission: what does a group such 1 as ours do when the facu l ty and adminis-

CHAPTERS. . • t rat ion are far friendlier than the

student government who, "by all rights,

should be our closest allies?

NORTH CAROLINA By Shelley Blum (DUKE)

I am going t o attempt t o describe t h e North Carolina Student-Labor Committee project as I see i t . The theory behind the project i s a t o t a l campus program t o involve a l l kinds of students in the process of making labor unions a p o l i t i c a l force. Perhaps t h i s can be t t e r be seen as bui lding the second leg of the l i b e r a l c o a l i t i o n , a l e f t looking labor organizat ion. The bas ic thought behind the problem i s t h a t unions have a l i s t of somewhat c lass conscious people which can serve as a ske le ta l precinct organizat ion. Both labor and the c i v i l r i g h t s groups can cooperate t o turn the r a sca l s out since both stand t o gain from t h e creat ion of Jobs, the which only a l i b e r a l congress can do .

Peter Brandon, organizer of the p ro jec t , has a four-point program t o : organize unions, p o l i t i c i z e unions, do b a s i c N.D. research in p o l i t i c s and economics, and publish a labor newspaper Here i s how they seem t o be working out In p r a c t i c e , as opposed t o the theory behind them.

The poultry industry i s a very large one in K.C. and one with 1900 working condi t ions. Pete ' s union (Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen of North America, AFL-CIO, of which he i s an in te rna t iona l r e p . ) has j u r i s d i c t i o n over the food indus t ry . I t has some food processing p lan ts and some r e t a i l (A&P type) ou t le t s organized in t h e s t a t e . There are several r ipe t a r g e t s avai lable including: strengthening a BaL*i£h processing p l an t , organizing a

1,000 man bargaining un i t i n Durham in a poul t ry p l a n t , beginning i n v i rg in t e r r i t o r y i n Chatham County by organize two poul t ry p lan ts in t h e two major c i t i e s i n t h e eounty. Wow, t h e r e are

- two s tudents from UNC a t t ached t o the Raleigh l o c a l s . Contacts have been made i n Chatham County by UNC students, A workshop w i l l be held t o t r a i n North Carolina Col lege, UNC and Duke s tu dents t o work i n Durham. These are all p o l i t i c a l l y s e n s i t i v e a reas and one wit! g rea t p o t e n t i a l for t h e c r e a t i o n of l i b e r a l c l ima tes . The Ra le igh case is one of a l o c a l t h a t i s w i l l i n g t o go i n t o p o l i t i c s on a l a r g e s c a l e , and i s a l a rge bargaining u n i t . The students at tached t o i t are t o b r i n g speakers , l i ven union meeting, s t r eng then the steward system; a l l of which can be done by t h e use of ou t s i de perspect ive.

Other genera l poin ts b e g i n wi th t h e fac t t h a t t h e food i n d u s t r y i s one which extends i n to every county in the s t a t e . The union i s one w i t h a good l e f t t r a d i t i o n , stemming from t h e packing houses in Chicago and t h e fur and l e a t h e r workers . The industry I s i n general i n t eg ra t ed al though many shops are no t . I t i s not one of the t r a d i t i o n a l southern i n d u s t r i e s (lumber, f u r n i t u r e , t e x t i l e s ) w i t h a pa te rna l i s t ! union hat ing t r a d i t i o n . Al l i n a l l i t looks l i k e i t can be t a k e n .

The other two points of t h e proposal dea l wi th t h e l e s s e x c i t i n g bu t ra ther important functions of r e s e a r c h and propaganda. There i s a g r e a t dear th of "po l i t i ca l Information about N.C. We don*t know who i s who i n t h e var ious count ies , nor do we know what t h e i r vot ing h i s t o r y i s . Some of t h i s i s easy t o co l l ec t and some q u i t e imposs ib le . S imi la r ly , economic da t a i s s c a r s e . ê hope t o i n t e r e s t r e sea rch minded peorl* t o do t h i s kind of work fo r t h e i r terffl papers , e t c . I t i s an o ld p i t c h but we have the new wrinkle of be ing able to c a l l on union information sources i n

I Washington and l o c a l vorkei-o fax' per t i J*

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V_ / 1/ \t i c_ f vv_v • « »

information. Further, the students in UNC plan t o put out a newspaper which w i l l go to the members of local 525 of the Butcher Workmen,.., the North Carolina l o c a l . I t probably w i l l provide the f i r s t trustworthy news of the union, and of the world for that matter, that has ever been printed i n N.C. I t s f i r s t issue should come out shortly after October 25 when the newly organized A&P unit in Raleigh signs i t s f i r s t contract .

If I end on a ra ther f l a t note, i t i s because I am not attempting t o forecast as fact what I would l ike t o happen. The program i s being t r i e d and i t has every hope of expansion. I t also was started only months ago and we Just don't know vhat i s going to happen. In c losing, I can only say that we are going t o meet a lo t of people with a big stake in l ibe ra l legis lat ion and a renovation of society . I t i s pretty easy t o imagine how t o cybernate the r e t a i l and processing ends of the food business . If we had t o go out and canvass the s t ree t s t o find these people, i t would take years . Looking at i t from t h i s point of view, we can't lose . And i f we win, North Carolina might have some maverick congressmen a t t rac t ing national a t tent ion in another few years .

REED By Jeremy Brecher

As in past years , we face a s i tua t ion here at Reed where "the potent ial we have helped create i s too large t o be captured completely by a s t i l l r e l a t ive ly small self-conscious radica l ccsnmunity." As a r e su l t , we have faced the problem here of the si»<sini.. role of SDS among a multitude of miscel aneons a c h l v i t l e s ,

of menders has been focused in the program of other organizations:

- Students for Racial Equality, our excellent c iv i l r ights group which sent

students to Mississippi las t summer• has established a freedom school for Negro high school kids in Portland, teaching Negro h is tory , accounts of the c i v i l r igh t s movement, Negro l i t e r a tu r e in America, e tc . The program has been set up with the cooperation at teachers in the Negro d i s t r i c t high school and Negro organizations. So far the program i s off t o a small but excellent s t a r t . I wi l l t r y t o get a fu l l report of how the program was organized, what problems were faced, e t c . for the next Bul le t in .

- S.R.E. i s also engaged in extensive fund-raising, both on campus and in the adult community, for SNCC. A good part of the student body makes regular small weekly contributions t o a fund designed t o match the money raised by the movement in two towns in Mississippi.

- A t u t o r i a l for high school students and i l l i t e r a t e adults i s continuing t h i s year t o involve over a hundred students. Headed by an SIB meniber, i t i s now being run by an independent group which grew out of S,R.E., and cooperates with other t u t o r i a l programs being run at Portland State College and Lewis and Clark.

- S.R.E., in cooperation with the league of Women Voters and other organizations ran a massive voter reg is t ra t ion drive in Albina, t he Negro section of Portland. According t o the Urban League, 9Cff> of Portland Negroes e l ig ib le t o vote are regis tered.

- Over 100 students demonstrated aga-itiet Goldwtiter on his v i s i t t o Port3~ana, with signs and a leaf le t vhir-b pointed out vote by vote his opposition to the t e s t ban t r e a t y , medicare, c iv i l r ights b i l l , e t c .

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CHAPTERS. . - Focus, a long-defunct campus

organization, br ief ly reserected I t s e l f to demonstrate as "ultra-leftwingers for Goldwater." They apparently persuaded one l i t t l e -o ld- lady- in- tennis -shoes that i f Marxist-Leninists could support Goldwater, maybe she shouldnH;.

- The Reed Young Democrats have regularly supplied dozens of students to do precinct work and voter r eg i s t r a t ion with the Democratic Party. The Democratic Party i t s e l f has done l i t t l e or nothing in the campaign.

- An ad hoc group sponsored a demonstration on campus in support of students at Berkeley in which about 100 students participated.

- About 60 students demonstrated for protection for c iv i l r ights workers In. Mississippi, sponsored by S.R.E.

Aside from being actively involved in. a l l of the above ac t iv i t i e s , SDS has developed some, although not nearly enough program for i t s e l f :

- A group of us picketed with the local U.A.W. during the General Meters s t r ike . We were received very warmly, and were impressed by the degree of sophistication with regards to s t r ike strategy, po l i t i c s , e t c . on the part of the rank and f i l e guys we talked t o .

- We did a certain amount of precinct ' work in a working-class white neighborhood in which there is absolutely no Democratic Party s t ructure . Our objective was t o organize anti-Goldwater committees of those who were interested in working against him. Even with the l i t t l e work we did, we found a few people who were interested in working **• some such committee, and who might W>x* >»<*f-ri potent ia l members for some s o r t o l couhl wiring t*oitmwmJ*+-y*-based

we have not been able t o follow through on the project as a result of other time demands.

Our major need r ight now is for an i s s u e which w i l l capture the imagination of students, and which w i n allow us t o move into the community on a basis of real effectiveness. So far we have not found one. However, two new developments should put us in a much b e t t e r position to u t i l i ze whatever programs we do develop. F i r s t , we now have excellent contacts within the s t a t e fs " l iberal establishment" which should prove useful in raising funds and i n getting things done. Second, as a r e sult of Mike Harrington^ t r i p t o Portland, we now have excellent contac t s at the two other major campuses i n . Portland, Lewis and Clark and Portland State College, where we may soon develop SDS groups, and which w i l l i n any case make any kind of ci ty-vide action much more effective.

SIMMONS By Jenny Green

SDS considers the involvement of c o l l e g e students in the social and p l i t i c a l issues of the day important t o the progress of our society. In accordance with th i s concern, Simmons SDS proposes t o work on several l e v e l s .

A primary objective i s bringing awareness t o the'campus of the major problems c o n fronting our society. This wi l l be d o n e by publicizing issues as well as p re senting educational programs. The representative of minority platforms in the Simmons mock elect ion and t h e presentation of student speakers who worked in Mississippi t h i s past summer are examples of SDS educational p r o j e c t 3 ^

SDS plans also t o sponsor study groups 9

discussions and seminars. P a r t i c i p a t i v e ..«?<*»!;« w i l l tneo* « * * b r*-<>ff»**m i r e ° r

The p ro jec t s Inc lude : 1) Attempts t o form a peace con

s t i tuency a t a nearby Vertol p l a n t , which i s "busily producing h e l i c o p t e r s , many of tbem t o be used in t h e d i r t y l i t t l e war .

2) Pressing fo r t h e conversion of t h e Phi ladelphia Ifaval Yard. The yard employs approximately 12,000 men. Rumors suggest i t w i l l close sometime a f t e r the e l e c t i o n . The c i t y , i t i s also rumored, i s looking for a way out of i t s c l e a r l y untenable pos i t i on t ha t the yard must remain open in naval se rv ice . I t I s open t o suggestions on Conversion.

3) Organizing the a r e a ' s many u n i v e r s i and graduate school s tudents who are e l i g i b l e for the d r a f t .

k) Some form of a c t i v i t y o r i en ted toward t h e US pos i t ion on South Africa. Phi ladelphia i s t h e l a r g e s t foreign goods port on t h e e a s t e r n seaboard, and c a r r i e s on ex tens ive t r a d e with the U of SA.

CHAPTERS... s p e c i a l i s t s from Boston t o discuss spec i f i c problems and t o attempt t o devise programs t o meet these dilemmas.

Specif ic p ro j ec t s , requir ing immediate student act ion w i l l be supported by SDS. SDS members, for example, worked for Noel Day, Independent candidate for Congress in Boston.

Simmons i s a lso working with t h e Boston JEEP p ro j ec t , headed by Dr. James Morey, PhD of 'Harvard""DhlveTsity/ vhich intends t o dea l with the problems of converting the V/atertown Ars#»el and t h e Chelsea Haval Shipyard In to bus inesses funct ional In a peace time economy. PREP plans t o sponsor po l l s i n various areas t o gather Information regarding t h e e f fec t s of conversion.

SWART HMO RE By Nick Egleson

SPAC, which i s the Swarthiaore associate of SDS, continues t o be act ive in a wide range of a reas .

ERAP PROJECTS: Approximately twelve people are working extensively in t h e Chester ERAP p r o j e c t . They spend most of t h e i r time organizing b locks . Teams

. a re working in the Negro wards, one teem i n a lower c l a s s white s ec t i on . f ive o thers are working with Bryn Mawr, and Haverford students- cnrtfce Philadelphia p r o j e c t . Organizing a tenants counci l , 6 block organisa t ions , . and a high school JOBS group among other a c t i v i t i e s .

PEACE: Twenty-five people attended the f i r s t meeting of a peace group. The group I s not formally connected t o SDS or SPAC, but i t has many of t h e concerns we consider h ighly important . fcersrel r epor t s on poss ib le p ro jec t s for J

RESEARCH: This newly formed committee i s now thoroughly researching t h e War on Poverty and t h e Urban Renewal p r o grams in t h e c i t y of Ches ter . The committee i s a l so working wi th t h e Economics and P o l i t i c a l Science Departments so t h a t term paper t o p i c s w i l l f i l l the resea rch needs of t h e Chester and Phllade Iph i a pro j ect s .

FACUITY: Ef fo r t s are underway t o In volve f a c u l t y members and r e s i d e n t s i n t he academic community in t h e SDS pro gram and d e b a t e . To da te t h e . t h r e e p o s s i b i l i t i e s for f acu l ty p a r t i c i p a t i o n a r e : l ) Help in s p e c i a l p r o j e c t s . Faculty members wi th spec i f i c f i e l d s of I n t e r e s t can he lp s tudents on r e search or work j o i n t l y with them. 2) Faculty members, perhaps In r e g u l a r meetings, can t a k e par t i n t h e key t h e o r e t i c a l debates confronting SDS. The f i r s t s t e p w i l l be acquaintance with t h e b a s i c documents (AKE, e t c . ) 3) Fund R a i s i n g . Enough said* Several professors have expressed a keen

CHAPTERS.. . Interest but ma-ray of them fee l they don't have time t o participate to a degree which would he worthwhile, either for them cxr the organization. We need suggestions on what faculty members can do*

SEMUMBS: SPAC i s sponsoring two discussion groups* The periodical seminar meets one hour a week during an unused class hour. Each week the discussion focuses on a number of recent articles on a topic chosen at the previous meeting. Recent topics and articles include:

The c i v i l rights movement: Current issues of Studies on the Left and Dissent.

Worker control: The Hew Left Review, Hos. 25 and 10; Yugoslav review; Bel l , End of Ideology-the chapter on Work.

The second weekly meeting i s meant to parallel the college's economics 1-2 course, which, although supposedly a study of economic indicators and analytic t o o l s , concentrates on a description and a eulogy of economics in the USA. Alternate t i t l e : Captiallsm 1-2.

OTHER CAMPUSES: In cooperation with Haverford students who have worked on MAP projects, act ivity in HUladelphta project and around the issue of peace i s being encouraged. A news sheet, the Two Benny Press, edited at Haverf ord, i s being distributed on both campuses. It i s hoped that the sheet wi l l eventually reach many campuses in the area.

A group of students at the U of Pena i s setting up a community project in an area of fhiladelphia known as Mantua. The university Is reportedly interested in acquiring large sections of the area for the expansion of i t s campus. The project w i l l probably work around the

issue of housing. We have helped with advice on survey techniques and survey forms.

In addition, we are supplying food and clothing for the Chester and Riiladelifcia projects. SPAC i s helping friends of SNCC collect a voluntary poll tax on election day.

HKBMB: The change from large summer staff t o small permanent staff in the Chester uad Philadelphia projects led I n both cases t o some confusion about strategy and long range goals. A c t i v i t y slowed during th is period. In consequence weekly SPAC meetings deteriorated., because tact ical and strategic discussions of Chester activity had been the main substance for the discussion. The problem has disappeared t o some extent I s recent weeks, and the meetings have improved.

The existence of strong •old leadership* also had i t s adverse ef fects , particular^ at the start of the semester. The tendency toward cllqueishness and away from spreading responsibility t o more and more people has at least In part been countered.

A third problem has arisen from the widLe dispersement of resources obvious from the foregoing summary. Last year m e e t l y wer« more than long enough* How that there are 2 main issues (Chester and Rjiladelphia) and in some ways three (Beace) the problem of coherent meetings Is confounded.

Another major problem i s the t h e o r e t i c a l debate on how to react t o the forces ocP co-optation, such as the War on; Poverty program for Chester.

U OF TEXAS By Gary Thiber

Since Its inception only last spring -fci*

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CHAPTERS... Universi ty of Texas chapter of SDS has "been r ap id ly gaining momentum. We are now p r e t t y we l l known about campus and are by f a r t h e most act ive student p o l i t i c a l group. The t rend appears t o be one which w i l l continue.

One of t h e main drawing • cards at r e g i s t r a t i o n was a c u l t u r a l - t u t o r i a l program among students a t t h e loca l Negro high school (an exce l l en t Southern case of de facto segrega t ion) . A good b i t of excitement i s f e l t about t h i s program and i t s p o s s i b i l i t i e s . I t should prove t o be one of the h i g h l i g h t s of t h e year .

We have had severa l programs t h i s f a l l . At t h e f i r s t , Robert Pardun and Judy Schiffer (both l o c a l SDS members) and Bob Stone discussed t h e i r ex* per iences in t h e C.O.F.O. summer proj e c t i n Miss i s s ipp i . Per t inent in l i g h t of the recent demands of the United Auto Workers was the t a l k given by Donald Petesch, faculty member and former assemblyllne worker, on the dehumanization of workers in modern mass production indus t r i e s where man i s merely an appendage of a machine r a t h e r than t h e opposi te . The most recent program was a debate on Vietnam wi th t h e r ight-wing Young Americans for Freedom. In the future we are going t o challenge the Young Democrats t o deba te .

The SDS beer par ty has become something of a t r a d i t i o n around campus. Offering " a l l t h e beer you can drink for a do l l a r " has cons i s t en t ly made p ro f i t s when t h e brew i s purchased by the keg. In addi t ion t o f i l l i n g t h e co f fe r s , t h e p a r t i e s t end t o breed comradeship among t h e members and offer an exce l len t environment for converting new people t o t h e cause.

The s i t u a t i o n i n Mis s i s s ipp i , and s p e c i f i c a l l y McCowib, fitm b e e n +.he caiiP**

I of much act ion l a t e l y . SKCC was r e -J quest ing former volunteers t o conduct j some s o r t of l o c a l act ion which would

b r ing pressure t o bear on t h e adminis t rat i o n t o i n i t i a t e federa l ac t ion in Southwest Mississippi and p ro tec t Negroes from fur the r acts of t e r r o r i s m . Since President Johnson was at h i s ranch about f i f t y miles from here a t t h e t i m e , a small group of s tudents picketed him on t h e road near h i s house. The Secret Service would not allow anyone t o get out of a car d i r e c t l y in front of the house. This ac t ion gained a small news r e l e a s e on t h e na t iona l wire services and a s izeab le a r t i c l e in the l o c a l p r e s s . In response t o t h e SHCC reques t , SDS published a r epor t on McComb and sponsored a p e t i t i o n on campus which was signed by 1200 s tudents demanding t h a t federa l marshal ls wi th powers of a r r e s t be sent t o McConfo. Copies were mailed t o Lyndon Johnson and ac t ing Attorney General Katzenbach.

Last year U.T. ' s progress ive regents wiped away the l a s t ves t iges of segregation—housing and a th l e t i c s—and proudly proclaimed t h e u n i v e r s i t y as t h e f i r s t f u l l y - i n t e g r a t e d major Southern i n s t i t u t i o n . However, scandal was unearthed recent ly when SDS member Rick Robbins was s t r o l l i n g through t h e basement of t h e Student Heal th Center and stopped t o ponder two rest-rooms standing s ide-by-s ide l a b e l e d , "Men Employees." In answer t o h i s query a nurse b landly informed him t h a t one was white and the other colored "because t h i s i s t h e South." Struck by the crusading s p i r i t , Rick launched an a t t ack with a v i s i t t o t h e chancellor and a l e t t e r t o t he student newspaper. Promptly dubbed Restroom Inves t i ga to r ex t raord inary , Rick has a l so discovered a White Only rest-room in the supposedly i n t eg ra t ed s t a t e c a p i t o l . A suggested slogan for t h i s minor mopping-up campaign has been, "Let my people g o . "

| Several SDS members are p resen t ly i n -

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CHAPTERS volved in the Ralph Yafborough campaign. Ralph i s the only l ibera l southern senator extant and i s now running neck and neck with his reactionary Kepiiblican opponent, George Bush. The senator i s also the prime support of the Democratic Coalition, a l ibera l sub-group of the Democratic Party which hopes t o gain control of the s ta te par ty . We're holding our breath at present.

As for the future, various plans are being thrashed around. Definitely on the agenda i s opposition t o the proposed tu i t ion increase. All students wil l oppose t h i s , but SDS wi l l also put forth a positive program—abolition of a l l t u i t i o n . While arguing for t h i s , we also wi l l expose the regressive tax policies presently followed by the s t a t e .

iUFTS By Dave Smith

The fundamental nature of the radical-lef t movement at Tufts has yet t o he clearly defined. Last year our act ivi ty was centered around three single issues , and the ac t iv i ty (on paper) was in the hands of several front groups. I t i s my feeling that these ac t iv i t ies were valuable then as an i n i t i a l movement but tha t t h i s year , as a core group that w i l l grow and gain more influence, we must now become a structured consistently active group.

Just how t h i s can he done has yet to be determined. The si tuat ion poses several questions tha t we mus-t deal v5th iTnmfcdiately.

1 . Do we see ourselves as primarily a campus group organized t o function as nn edncative and reforming element vttMn <.l*i V "ho' l-y, <>i- ,1<, v*v: r i t i A

our ro le "by working within the already structured extra-campus groups i n the Boston area? In either case what precisely are our relationships to he with the Boston c iv i l r igh t s groups, especially NSM?

2 . What do we do about SPAN? Does i t become simply a front for SDS? Do we drop i t entirely? Do we use i t as a student po l i t i c a l party and run candidates in the Spring elect ions ?

3 . Do we l eg i t im ize SDS on campus by applying fo r a char te r?

k. Does SDS have a r o l e i t should p lay in t h e t u t o r i a l program e i t h e r i n t he r e cruitment of t u t o r s or working i n t h e of f ice?

5- To da te t h e student movement a t Tufts has been pr imar i ly i n t h e f i e l d of c i v i l r i g h t s . Do we cont inue t o s tay i n t h i s area or do we become m u l t i - i s s u e d and s t a r t working on t h e a reas of peace , economic reform, e t c . ?

IftCGRAM SUGGESTIONS

There are severa l areas which deserve our immediate a t t e n t i o n :

Noel Day*s campaign. He needs peop le , wants SDS h a l p . What can we do fo r him?

The Boston PREP p r o j e c t . I s t h e r e a r o l e for par t - t ime people i n i t t h i s yea r? What types of r e s e a r c h need t o b e done t h a t we might be a b l e t o prov ide through papers for E c , Sociology and Government courses?

The e l e c t i o n . What i s our r o l e ? I s on-campus anti-Goldwater a c t i v i t y impor tan t or do we belong in t h e community? Where do we s tand on Johnson? Should we work wi th l o c a l COPE or t h e Democratic p a r t y o r on our own? Does t h i s i s sue provide u s w i t h an opportunity f o r t a k i n g on YAP?

I <?*-«tui•••»•? v«*n*:e a c t i v i t y . Can we use t h e

CHAPTERS... n a t i o n a l end- the -dra f t campaign as an i n i t i a l forum f o r peace work here? What do we need from EREP, TTP, e t c .

Campus educa t ion p r o j e c t . Can we at t h i s t ime make a dent in t h e student body? Speakers , f i lms , r i o t s , e t c? Would a f u l l s c a l e conference on p o v e r t y , t h e backlash he of use?

PREP PROGRAM...

p e c t s for a peace-and-re la ted- i ssues h igh school conference, and would apprec i a t e information about s imi la r pos s i b i l i t i e s for h igh school conferences e l sewhere .

JREP suf fers most from the spa r s i ty of communication between campus people and Ann Arbor. We need your he lp t o b r i n g off t h e grand scheme out l ined i n Toward an Effec t ive Peace Program on Campus. This i s a short r epor t prec i s e l y because people are not yet s h a r i n g t h a t r e s p o n s i b i l i t y . Our confidence i s not shaken, bu t our p a t i e n c e i s g e t t i n g sl im. We want t o g e t out and put our s t ra tegy t o t h e r e a l t e s t ; of na t i ona l a c t i o n .

P l ea se send comments, c r i t i q u e s , r e q u e s t s f o r speakers , e t c . t o us a t 1100 E . Washington, Ann Arbor, Mich., U810*W

PREP CP/T/QUE .. .

These a r e v a l i d demands. We should t a k e a c l o s e r look at t h e cons t ruc t ive t h i n k i n g t h a t has already been done t o formulate t h e poss ib le shape of a d i s armed world. "Quis Cus tod ie t : Cont r o l l i n g t h e Po l ice in a Disarmed World" by Arthur Waskow, ava i lab le From t h » Arms Control and Disarmament Agency; "A TiemlHtîzcA Wor3d (*md h^m

t o ge t t h e r e ) " by Walter M t l l i s , a v a i l a b l e from t h e Center for t h e Study of Democratic I n s t i t u t i o n s ; "World Peace Through World Law" by Grenv i l l e Clark and Louis Sohn; a r e among t h e most r ecen t or r ep re sen t a t i ve works. These s tud ie s t r y t o show t h a t America 's n a t i o n a l s ecu r i t y can be p ro tec ted without America r e t a i n i n g i t s armaments.

How i t i s t r u e t h a t a disarmament agreement i s not poss ible t oday . The Great Powers w i l l s t i l l be b u i l d i n g arms t o pro tec t t h e i r s e c u r i t y as you read t h i s paper. But i t i s important t o understand t h e process of change t o b e ueed in converting t h e armed world of* today i n t o the disarmed world of t h e day a f t e r tomorrow. The process of i n t e r n a t i o n a l p o l i t i c a l change w i l l r e qu i re t h e work of mediators or c r e a t i v e middlemen who are independent from t h e p o l i t i c a l prejudices of t h e Grea t Powers. Their t a s k i s t o f ind t h e t h i n s t r ands of p o t e n t i a l agreement among t h e g rea t powers, and weave t h e s e s t r a n d s t o g e t h e r u n t i l they have a ne t of a g r e e ment s t rong enough t o support an i n t e r n a t i o n a l pol ice f o r c e , an i n t e r n a t i o n a l disarmament i n s p e c t o r a t e , and i n t e m a t i o n e laws aga ins t v i o l a t i o n of bo rde r s and agains t rearmament. The i r t a s k i s -fco quie t t h e hot flames of p o l i t i c a l disagreement t h a t keep t e n s i o n s h i g h i n t he Th i rd World, i n Vietnam, i n t h e S t r a i t s of Formosa, i n Germany. Th i s d i f f i c u l t and s e n s i t i v e job i s going "to he accomplished, not by d i s b e l i e v e r s ,

' but only by those who apprec i a t e change and t h e processes of change. I t w i l l be accomplished only by those who can conceptual ize a disarmed world coming i n t o exis tence t h e day a f t e r tomorrow, and can use t h e i r conceptua l iza t ion p e r suas ive ly t o lead na t ions t o g e t h e r i n t o agreement •

The disarmament agreement t h a t w i l l a c t u a l l y be achieved should be kept p t ih l ic ly a iRt ine t from t h e c o n t r a s t i n g (and Foracvhat phony) di&eormametxTb t r e a t i e

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PREP CRITIQUE . now being ta lked about b y t h e United , States and the Soviet U n i o n . lyndon Johnson t a lk s a peace l i n e , "but h is administrat ion w i l l be p r e v e n t e d bynsany of i t s bas i c p o l i t i c a l a s s u m p t i o n s from ever ac tual ly l e a d i n g -fche way on disarmament. Johnson m i g h t l i k e t o lead us to disarmament, fo r t h e g r e a t e r glory of both the human r a c e and t h e Democratic Par ty , bu t he w o n ' t be able t o . There i s American i n t r a n s i g e n c e ; in Geneva as much as t h e r e i s Soviet in t rans igence . But t h e f a c t t h a t disarmament i s not p o s s i b l e i n today ' s world s i t u a t i o n does n o t m e a n tha t there i s not an o p p o r t u n i t y f o r i n i t i a t ing the processes of c h a n g e t h a t w i l l take us t o disarmament. T o f a i l t o see and pick up t h i s o p p o r t u n i t y vould be one of h i s t o r y ' s most n e g l i g e n t a c t s .

Yet SDS's approach t o t h e q u e s t i o n s of in te rna t iona l r e l a t i o n e d o e s mtes t h i s opportunity and i s n e g l i g e n t . The SDS posi t ion a t present i s r e p r e s e n t e d by two documents, "America a n d the*Sew Era" and "New P o s s i b i l i t i e s f o r Peace." Bothe of these papers do o n e Job exce l l e n t l y , They ident i fy t h e competing cold war coa l i t ions in A m e r i c a , and succinctly summarize t h e i r d i f f e r e n t approaches t o cold war f o r e i g n pol icy . AKE and "New P o s s i b i l i t i e s f o r Peace" also review the l i nks b e t w e e n the p o l i t i c a l and econaaic i n t e r e s t a ^ l o f these coa l i t i ons , and how t h e s e i n t e r e s t s are served by t h e cold w a r r h e t o r i c and po l i c i e s they e s p o u s e . Thus noble rhe to r i c about "America d e f e n d i n g the Free World" i s used t o c o n c e a l baser : motives.

always be seen as d e f i n i t e t h r e a t s . And they a l l assume t h a t t h e United S t a t e s must r e t a i n the option t o use m i l i t a r y f o r c e . The p o l i t i c a l d i f ferences between c o a l i t i o n s a re d i f fe rences over how b e s t t o p ro tec t t h e n a t i o n a l secur i ty of the United S t a t e s . As f a r as they can see i n t o t h e f u t u r e , d i s armament i s not a r e a l i s t i c l i k e l i h o o d . No matter how heavi ly SDS a t t acks them, they w i l l r e t a i n t h e i r publ ic support undiminished u n t i l we can convince the publ ic t h a t i t i s poss ib le t o have the na t iona l s ecu r i t y pro tec ted wi thout arms. Unt i l t he public i s convinced of t h i s , furthermore, i t i s not l i k e l y t o accept compromise se t t l ements for current cold war c o n f l i c t .

For t h e problems of i n t e r n a t i o n a l p o l i t i c s t h a t ex i s t today , disarmament ac tua l ly i s t h e only r a d i c a l and peacefu l answer. But SDS's ana lys i s cannot d e a l with ac tua l disarmament, because i t has not ye t begun t o handle the root assumpt i o n s , t h a t the na t iona l s e c u r i t y must

«be projected with armaments. Simply £ f a i l i n g t o touch t he root assumption i s bad enough. But worse, t h e r e i s a t e n d

e n c y t o suggest i t i s n ' t even necessary J t o t a l k about i t . For example, when such

people as Donna Allen of Women's S t r i k e for Peace, and Lee Webb or Dick Flacks of SDS prescr ibe a program of i n t e n s i f i e d p o l i t i c a l a g i t a t i o n t o s a t i s f y America 's domestic needs , they have t h e t e m e r i t y t o suggest t h i s a g i t a t i o n w i l l force t h e United S ta t e s t o withdraw from t'ne c o l d war. Donna Allen even says domestic ag i t a t i on w i l l br ing about disarmament.

now t h a t t h e e l e c t i o n i s over — read

**jch p ra i se can be given t o PREP's t r e a t ment of American interventioniexa,- economic

However, while ME and "Hew P o s s i b i l i t i e s ! ( cont . p . 29) for Peace" describe p o l i t e * 1 coa l i t i ons in terms of t h e i r c o m p e t i t i o n , these coa l i t ions are a c t u a l l y t o u t e d on an • important se t of u n d e r l y i n g assumptions. | JOHXSSOU WITH ETES OFEU They a l l assume t h a t t h e n a t i o n a l u s e literature order-form- p. ^ security must be protected. They m w f — — "~T p 8

that the Soviet Union a»* C h l t J a *"»* j NEXT BULIETIN DEADLINE — December 2o

26

conve r s ion , and t h e draf t . Yet on each of t h e s e three i s s u e s , FREP program shares t h e same f a i lu re to deal with the c o l d vas ' s root assumption, and the same f a i l u r e t o give the radical answer -

B. American Interventionism FREP's approximate premise is that where *tne economic and military-p o l i c i e s of the United States support conservat ism and block needed social r e v o l u t i o n , or where they help widen the g a p between t h e haves and the have-n o t s , -fctiese p o l i t i e s may he classified as American intervention!sm, and opposed a s such*

Of c o u r s e , as far as the countries of the T t i i r d World ore concerned, the la rges t ; problem i s t o l i f t themselves up from poverty. Social revolution i s f r e q u e n t l y a par t of t h i s process. Outs ide Resistance frequently is a l so . For a l l of them, the aching need i s f a s t e r economic development.

The m a j o r outside drag on the i economic p r o g r e s s i s not something simple, l ike American interventionism. I t i s b i g g e r -than t h a t ; i t is the process of cold w a r between West and East, as i t i s i s b e i n g fought out In many Third World c o u n t r i e s . An example: for Vietnam, the c o l d war outside has fed the c i v i l war i n s i d e with arms, cash, and poli t i c a l encouragement. There haare been • two armed camps fighting each other i n tha t coun t ry for the l a s t twenty years . The d e v a s t a t i o n , the cost in lost l ives and los t chance for progress, i s i n c a l c u l a b l e . The same process of cold v a r , of mi l i t a ry assistance, arms s a l e s , and gun-running, i s sowing the seeds f o r c i v i l wars in .many other i c o u n t r i e s . The r e su l t s wi l l be equally "bloody^ damaging, and t r a g i c . Projecting t e n years i n t o the future these t rends , plus the growing gap between Popula t ion growth and food production, we g e t a glimpse of the 1970's in vhi^h s ^ y c o u n t r i e s w i l l be tocn by r evo l -

i utionary c iv i l wars, and wracked by : ex tens ive famines.

American in te rven t ion i sm i s not t h e so l e c u l p r i t working aga in s t progress fo r the Thi rd World; moreover, even a successfu l campaign o f opposi t ion aga ins t American i n t e r v e n t I o n i a n would not be a su f f i c ien t answer t o t h e needs of t h e underdeveloped c o u n t r i e s . This i s because t hose who argue fo r r e a l revolu t ions t o overthrow feudal o l i g a r c h i e s (and t h e r e f o r e oppose American i n t e r v e n t i o n ) a re not i n possession of the whole t r u t h . There a re many Americans who see another p a r t of t he t r u t h , t h a t t h e West *s g r e a t wealth ( i t s a i d p o l i c i e s , t a r i f f and quota p rac t iced , educa t iona l r esources ) can be used much more po ten t ly than i t has been u n t i l now t o speed economic progress i n underdeveloped c o u n t r i e s . The d i f f e r e n t brands of American, Russian, and Chinese i n t e r vent ionism a l l produce cor rupt ing e f fec t s on t h e Third World. Those neu t r a l s who are p o l i t i c a l l y and economically as tu te would l i k e t o have t h e cold war brought t o an end, and would l i k e t o draw on the resources of both West and East so t h a t t hey might weave a h e a l t h i e r fu tu re fo r t h e i r coun t r i e s •

These are t h e wider dimensions SDS should be deal ing with. . IREP's d e s i r e t o deal only with t h e domestic American components of complicated i n t e r n a t i o n a l problems has fiven us an approach t h a t i s t o o s i m p l i s t i c and l i m i t e d . (con t . p . 30)

come to t h e

DECEMBER NATIONAL CCUUCIX MEETING

December 28-31

Hew York C i t y

NEXT BULLETIN DEADLINE ~ December 28

?9

j>BEP CRITIQUE . y. Economic Conversion. laying t h a t "the defease budget provides neither joh security no r

international security,- ^ p a d v o c ^ f c e s

that SDS begin organizing n e w C Q n _ kituencies in communities where defense budget cuts have endangered job Security* Question: what would provide job security, if not the defense budget? PBEP's answer—-the McGovera bill, which vould establish a National economic Conversion Commission t o plan economic alternatives. Question: what vould provide international security, if not t h e defense budget? PREP's answer—silence. "Toward an Effective peace Program on Campus" does allude to the problem of international security with rhetorical gimmicks here and there, but nowhere with hard reasoning or real answers, SDS organizing around economic conversion problems can continue comfortably within the cold war framework of detente, and indeed i t should . But the program as now set out could ûst as easily be bandied by ERAP as by IHEP.

0. The Draft. During -the earlier cold war periods of Dulles brinksmansbip and Stalinism, it was almost impossible t o attack the draft. Now that Kennedy and Khruschev have rationalized and stabilized the cold war, and now that the baby boom promises -to swamp military recruiters, it is much easier to attack the draft in public . Thus are we given a new issue." But like PBEP's other two issues, ±t is not one that deals directly -with the problems of international peacemaking- x t i s OTD~y' * domestic component of the larger cold *ar mechanisms that the vorld i s bound up in..

** T«***rd an Effective ««~ B o o t h

~**»m» Todd G i t l i ^ d w u l ^ ^ ^ <» ^ « m p u s n Todd G i t l i * 1 — p e a c e and d i s -s u g g e s t t h a t d i s c u s s i « > » ° ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ B , v ^ 4 ara»rii.^xs#. -t rCVô I»M& tr.*K'*J*"*

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in America t o d a y . I f you remember, i t was not u n t i l 19&2 t h a t both t h e United S t a t e s and t h e Soviet Union had put forward s o - c a l l e d comprehensive plans for g e n e r a l and complete d i s armament and had "begun t o discuss them in Geneva. For t h e l a s t two y e a r s , t h e i r d i s c u s s i o n of disarmament has os tens ib ly b e e n more e a r n e s t , i f no t yet more r e a l i s t i c . The day-to-day proceedings of t h e s e nego t i a t i ons i n de ta i l ed summary form are a p a r t of the UN l i b r a r y and c e r t a i n l y a v a i l a b l e t o any peace r e s e a r c h e r from something t h a t c a l l s i t s e l f a peace resea rch and education p r o j e c t .

Yet un fo r tuna te ly t h e r e i s no mention of the Geneva disarmament n e g o t i a t i o n s in the PREP program. There i s no s u g gest ion t h a t t h e s t a l l i n Geneva could be made an i s s u e f o r s tudents t o d a y . There I s no s u g g e s t i o n of b u i l d i n g a new student cons t i t uency on t h i s i s s u e , although when i t comes t o American in t e rven t ion i sm, PREP expresses i t s e l f as being w i l l i n g t o b u i l d a new const i tuency "from t h e ground u p . " I t does not seem t o me t h a t t h i s f a i l u r e t o mention Geneva r e f l e c t s simply PBEP's judgment of which c o n s t i t u e n c i e s are e i t h e r e a s i e r or more important t o b u i l d . I t r e p r e s e n t s SDS's b a s i c f a i l u r e of a n a l y s i s , b a s i c f a i l u r e t o conceptual ize disarmament, and i n a b i l i t y t o see t h e p r o c e s s e s of change whereby today1 s world might be conver ted t o a disarmed w o r l d .

Conclusion. When His tory t e l l s us about t h e conf l i c t s which d i v i d e n a t i o n s , and about t he m i l i t a r i s t i c t r a d i t i o n s which guide them, i t i s not t e l l i n g us t h a t i t i s imposs ib le t o achieve aisarmnnie-«* I t i s only measuring f o r us t h e magn i tude of t h e cha l l enge we f a c e . When current h i s t o r y t e l l s us most s t u -aetits don ' t unders tand disarmament, a n d t h a t most s t u d e n t s accept P res iden t Johnson's guidance on fo re ign p o l i c y , i t i s not t e l U n s u« t b n t s tuden t

/: E T TEES FROM VERNON GRlZZARD

There are two big issues that we a t Swrrthmore have recently been thinking about a l o t : urban renewal and the War on Poverty. Host of our thinking i s the result of our experiences on the RAP summer projects in Chester, Philadelphia, and Newark, and subsequent developments in those c i t i es and others where there are ERA.? projects ,

Our questions about urban renewal stem from the remarkable s imilari ty of programs for different c i t i e s . In a l l three c i t i e s whore we have had experience, as well as in Chicago and New York, certain characterist ics emerge: 1) the axe fa l l s heavily on Negroes, ' with no relocation almost a cer ta in ty , in spite of Johnson-Poverty rhe tor ic ; 2) what relocation is provided for i s often by private investment, ra ther than public housing projects; 3) there i s often a plan for renovating the downtown business area, which may have nothing to do with bet ter c i ty planning; h) the city university often has a big stake in urban renewal, buying up ari .as ' in the center c i ty area for expansion.

There are currently two views on urban renewal. One says that i t i s a good idea, ?nd would basical ly benefit a l l the people in a c i t y , but through misinformation and mismanagement ( typical of big government without people's participation) the programs are consistently bungled. The other view i s that urban renewal i s a conspiracy and a swindle, benefitting primarily the financial and commercial in te res ts of a city, and often the industr ial i n t e r e s t s , though the industr ial interests a re more likely to have a firm foothold in the local economy already. Urban renewal is the most significant outlet for financial capital in the country, thus supplanting imperialism in the Leninist sodel of national economy,

Jfcitfa of the above views i s more t rue *f not known yet , and more informati on ftxwt 'urban renewal plans and who i s ^Ster*! thorn is, in twv view, a very

pressing need. The economic and po l i t i ca l implications of urban renewal cannot be minimized. "Negro removal" changes the p o l i t i c a l base within a c i ty , and changes the economic base away from the drain on soc ia l services which many center c i t y areas have become, back to a revenue base. Two students here (Nick Sgleson and Larry Gordon) have received permission to do a year-long joint paper on the economics of urban renewal,. They would welcome any source material suggestions people have, as well as people doing more work on th i s problem,

The other issue we are talking about a l o t is that of the relationship which should and wi l l exis t between community grass-roots movements and the War on Poverty, Wo doubt Poverty people would l i k e for community groups to identify very closely with the government, but our fundamental bias about where change wi l l come from leads us to fear cooption. A neighborhood center has already been opened in Chester, so t h i s i s no abstract debate. Should a block organization near the community center become the community group which the Poverty people want to help run each of the i r centers? I f so, how important i s i t that the block group maintain a separate iden t i ty from the Poverty people, feeling that "they"'have given us something, and i t f s good, but seeking to maintain a fundamental we-they a t t i tude? What w i l l happen to people who assume posit ions of responsibility with-in the poverty program (helping to man a community center)? ¥ i l l they be l o s t to the government, and begin to apologize for , rather than protest the inadequacies of a given program?

Should a community group fight for Poverty money i t se l f , and seek to get involved in the administration of funds? This i s a poss ib i l i ty in Philly, while most of the above questions pertain to Chester, In even more general terms: should we encourage people to work in the government program as VISTA*s? If not (and I t h i n k jay conc . rn i s evident) how e f f e c t i ve ly Can Ve difTwc*nt.1filu3 cnu-»elfe6

3 1 '

LETTERS.,. from the government when we speak to the thousands of students who don't have even a passing impression of SDS? These are questions which those of us who sill spend our summers organizing in northern cities, and are considering working for a few (or many) years after school will have to face as the government seeks to organize many of the same groups we are working with.

Vernon Grizzard

FROM TO00 GITL1N

means of rectifying the situation— ins t i tu t e s on ideology and the world (proposed previously by Jeremy Brecher of Reed and Rich Horevitz of the U of Michigan). Discussion of these proposals was mandated, and thus the imperative swept under the t ranscont inental rug. Certainly, then, the December NC should set sufficient time aside (prefaced by committee meetings) for discussion of educational i n s t i t u t e s .

Another d i f f icul ty we are aware of in Ann Arbor i s the time-honored one of "being broke. Not since I 've been in SDS has a National Council had a serious discussion of fund-raising; at Philadelphia in September, the subject was naturally squeezed in to the t a i l - end of the agenda, and no r ea l discussion was possible . If we l i k e , we can continue t o consider fund-raising a subject too undignified or "technical" t o concern ourselves ( I speak here of the NC) wi th , and we can run the attached r i sk of going under, which seems t o be a r e a l r i s k . On the other hand, the re i s v i r tue in the argument that fund-rais ing i s a matter suff ic ient ly technical t o warrant extensive preparat i o n before formal debate. Thus: I think the November ERAP-PREP-FEP meeting should also leave time for a committee on fund-raising t o meet, and a committee should likewise meet during the December NC t o bring up proposals during the l a s t day. Committees, t o be sure , can be surrogates for action, here as in Student Government. But there are ideas in the air—some discussed i n Cleveland in Ju ly , some a t Philadelphia—and I think the major problem i s t o implement them: entai l ing a discussion of s ta f f a l locat ion, ERAP project t ime, e t c . Any be t t e r ideas?

^ o d d ^ i t l i n

Come to the December Wi i n New York

I t ' s hard for me t o speak with anything approaching Delphic wisdom about the shape and direction of t he organization. I personally f ee l d i s t i nc t l y remote from what seem t o be the mainsprings of organizational growth—the chapters and campus members. Thus I ' l l keep t h i s l e t t e r short and leave i t t o others t o s t r ike responsive chords, i f any.

I ' ve been watching with dismay the diff icul ty VOICE (the U of Michigan SDS chapter) has had in establishing a membership educational program. Maybe we expect too much, but t h a t i s only consonant with our ideology. All the well-known factors of busy-ness, natural laz iness , d i s l ike of "formal" occasions, e t c . , have mili tated against the success of on-compus education programs. So has our lack of printed mater ia ls . Even i f we succeed in gett ing our l i t e r a tu r e pr inted, the re are l imits t o i t s effectiveness t s t u dents, bless them, don't l ike t o read. We need, instead—or ra ther in addition— j t o conceive of devices t o i n s t i l l educat iona l experiences into the membership of chapters and the campus at l a rge . (Maybe the l ine between those two i s more blurred than we Ve l iked t o t h i n k . ) Last September's NC was reluctant t o pay what I th ink would have been proper a t tent ion t o so-oall-ed "stt-!*ct»»&V

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FROM PAUL BOOTH Speaking simply as a member of the organization, I fee l the lack of an action program in the Third World area . Although PREP can ' t yet claim t o have found a sui table s i t e for a major conference on America's Role in t he Underdeveloped World, I fee l tha t addi t ional time t o the Third World area should be divided between preparing for a major conference and evolving a nat ional action program, Tentat ively, I would recommend tha t i t be anti-Apartheid action, differing from those planned by the National Student Association and the Consultat i v e Committee on South Africa by i t s c lea r focus at U.S. Big Business i n t e r e s t s in the Union of South Africa. For example, research could eas i ly uncover the names of the major corporations involved in South Africa, t h e i r Directors and those addresses, t he banks which back American investment t h e r e , the law firms for the investing corporations, and a long l i s t of addresses of individuals and offices which locate our fellow-citizens who underwrite apartheid. Demonstrations directed at these companies and individuals , and perhaps d i rec t action against the banks, would be a dramatic undertaking and would make jus t the point t ha t we are t rying t o make about where in the U.S. the crucia l decisions are made. And, because of the general a t tent ion t o the anniversary of the Sharpeville massacre, we could r ea l l y cash in on some public a t tent ion.

Paul Booth

PREP CRITIQUE. . . a t t i t udes cannot be converted. Nor have we the r igh t t o conclude tha t the recent decl ine of the peace movement means i t i s impossible in t h e bland climate of aeteufce for HIEP t o build the kind of dynamic peace group with, a membership

that w i l l thr ive . I think we are being to ld t h a t a long-range program, based soundly on a clear idea of our goals and methods, has a good chance of succeeding, but tha t more limited programs are likely t o f a i l .

HEP's "Toward an Effective Peace Program on Campus" i s gui l ty of succumbing t o the l ibe ra l i l lus ion that work for next-step gains i s the most important place t o put our energies. HtfSP's most obvious guiding value r ight now i s nothing more than po l i t i c a l agi ta t ion, and the creation of dissonance, because IREP wants to unset t le something called the cold war consensus in America. But as Steve Max once wrote, we ought to have an idea of where we want t o go and how we want t o get t he re . This means IREP should r i s e above agi ta t ion for ag i ta t ion ' s sake. I t should think in terms of goals and methods (or in the equivalent terms of policy, s t ra tegy, and t a c t i c s ) . HtEP, operating now without goals or without policy, doesn't have sound c r i t e r i a by which i t can select possible s t ra teg ies and t a c i t c s .

If HffiP's program i s not improved, i f j we in SDS stay bl ind t o the opportunity

Ifor international p o l i t i c a l change t h a t i s before us , and i f we f a i l t o i n i t i a t e a radical and peace-making campaign for disarmament, history w i l l

, not absolve u s .

SPORTS

j ERAP TRAPPED At t h e Cleveland Executive Committee meetings, IREP and PEP combined to defeat ERAP in a regulation length, t ful l -court basketball game, U-2-38, Starring for the EEIREPIERS was a Swarthmore-Harvard squad composed of Booth, Grizzard, Gordon, Gi t l in , and Rothstein. The ERAPIEEs were made up of Rennle "Chicken" Davis, Bundy, Magidoff, McEldowney, and Fein.

PAY YOUR DUES ~ NCW I

UNEMPL OYED. . . What are the essentials for a short-term program for JOIN? I think a program i s needed which w i l l have the poss ib i l i ty of a significant limited vic tory; which wi l l involve people in tasks which can readi ly he seen as c r i t i c a l t o victory; which w i l l force some group or individual t o grant or deny victory; which wi l l involve people in experiences which develop a new understanding of the society which denies them opportun i t i e s and r igh ts ; and which wi l l open poss ib i l i t i e s for more insurgent ac t iv i ty in the future. Among organized tenants , a rent s t r ike can he an example of a program which meets these c r i t e r i a ,

There i s only one example of such a program which has grown out of JOIN, and that one had major problems. The Chicago effort t o combat hiring pract i ces and other corruption in day-labor agencies potent ial ly combined the experiences needed for a good short-term po l i t i ca l program for the unemployed. Reform in the spot labor groups was feasible and the people involved faced rea l power which they could learn about and combat through organization and act ion.

The d i f f i cu l t i e s which were encountered however, suggested the need for several experienced organizers who could work from the "inside." We also realized that any s t r ike of the men would be extremely vulnerable t o s t r i ke breakers, par t icular ly from the winos who are pleased with an occasional $7 a day. Final ly, we saw that i t would be enormously d i f f icu l t t o pressure the c i ty t o take over the hir ing agency (the c r i t i c a l demand) while, at the same time, conduct an effect ive s t r ike at the hiring s i t e . Our one experience i n Chicago, remember, in ca l l ing a meeting of people t o oppose a spot labor group produced two

JOIN members, two private detectives, and an of f ic ia l of the hir ing agency.

The Cleveland U-JOIN has recently undertaken a less ambitious project r e lated t o reform of day hir ing agencies. I t involves i t s membership in l e t t e r writing t o s t a t e representat ives, publicity work and pressure on the AFL-CIO t o organize the men who are exploited by the agency. I t doesn*t, however, lend i t s e l f t o the kinds of experiences I have suggested as c r i t i ca l t o building a radical movement.

I don ft have any easy answers t o the problems which I think JOIN faces in each of the three c i t i e s (Philadelphia, by the way, has pret ty nearly dropped i t s U-JOIN for block work on community problems and organizing in a housing projec t . ) We need t o find programs comparable t o a rent s t r ike for unemployed. JOIN needs t o decide how t o organize f°r J-isaited goals which actually matter in a man's l i f e , but which are more p o l i t i c a l and educational than the goal of se l f -he lp .

I can offer a few examples of the type of programming I would l ike t o see t r i ed in JOIN, though I think (hope) be t t e r ones can be created.

One notion tha t I have i s t o Implement our idea (in a modest way) of "building pressure for programs which would f i l l unmet social needs in a community and thereby put people t o useful work. pressures could be created by a number of t a c t i c s : ( l ) a s t ree t could be blocked off and repaired by JOIN menfcers. After the repairs were made, JOIN would hold a demonstration at ci ty h a l l t o present the b i l l t o the mayor; (2) JOIN could fix up an apartment where i t had previously been active in developing organization. Tenants would then hold rent t o pay for materials and labor; (3) an abandoned house (always a good issue) which had been condemned by the city could be torn dcvu by JOIN for a recreational

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area* JOIN would protest with whatever methods possible i f the city tried t o i n t e r f e r e with the "community d e c i s i o n , "

Activity such as t h i s i s highly visible, b u t d i f f i c u l t t o organise, Such a program, I th ink , would ra ise Important ques t ions about private property, t h e respons ib i l i ty of the city to provide jobs , and the r ight of people t o shape conditions in t he i r

vimmediate l i v e s .

Another type of programming might center on-fche Administration f s War — on Poverty. JOIN could bui ld community support for a program developed and run by community people and oppose any c i t y effort which failed to include t h e in t e res t s of the community or was based on private gain. Parts of t h e adopted leg i s la t ion commit the government rhe tor ica l ly t o worthwhile programs. For example, the b i l l prwi&es loans t o bui ld cooperative en te rpr i ses and t o construct low-rent housing uni ts (Title ™)» I t a l so has money for labor and materials t o beaut i fy neighborhoods (Title I ) and funds for anti-poverty agencies { i . e . , JOIN) who h i re indigenous leaders onto t h e i r s taffs (Title H I ) , I could see the poss ib i l i ty of u t i l i z i n g the rhe tor ic or the poverty program t o write our own program and then put pressure on the local poverty corporation t o accept i t . Were we working in an area where the government was Planning an anti-poverty dr ive , s u c h " pressures could prove extremely embarrassing and effect ive against the local administrators and could provide important radical iz ing experiences for the JOIN aad active community People.

A th i rd type of programming for JOIN could be developed around the welfare aad soc ia l sex-vice eysfcenu. ixi Cleve

land, welfare mothers have shown that recipients of these programs can be mobilized against inhuman and inefficient administrative practices and wil l press for more comprehensive coverage. There i s no question but that a meaningful confrontation between the individual who has been made wholly dependent on a service system and the system i t s e l f can be created through organization. During the summer, Chicago JOIN had a grievance committee established t o get be t te r service out of the unemployment compensation office. The shortcoming of t h i s committee, i t seemed to me, was that i t was run by the staff members and didn't t r a i n JOIN members to take responsibil i ty for anyone who had a complaint about the unemployment compensat ion off ice . The JOIN grievance committee should be re-established and the notion of JOIN groups which are active in the community for an improved and more humane welfare system should be experiffiexxted with concretely •

These suggestions represent a new conception for JOIN projects. I think that our experience increasingly shows that JOIN must recruit beyond the ranks of the unemployed and there is experience to suggest tha t i n i t i a l l y the organization i s l ikely t o be more viable in a community than a city-wide context. Certainly, the types of programs I'm thinking of would require an expanded constituency and a community organization.

However, I do not see JOIN abandoning i t s basic concern for fu l l employment. JOIN committees should take up legislat ion which seeks to re-establish the notion of government responsibility for job creation—the basis of the 19^6 Employment Act. (Though the Clark b i l l should not give support t o a H unemployment ra te . Even English Parliament gets aroused if unemployment creeps up to 3 per cent) . Also, JOIN recruitment should concentrate on the unemployed. And i t s major educat ional programs and activity should be (cont. p . 36)

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UNEMPLOYED.., geared t o the problems of joblessness. JOIN must not, however, l imit i t s e l f t o the narrow conception of program thus far developed,

Rennie Davis ' ' • • • • • ' - • • •

I L- I * * 4

ERAP handles community organization, i t wi l l be the function of VBV t o keep the organization informed on the a c t i v i t i e s of the Liberals in Washington and on legislat ive matters that r e l a t e t o our interests (such as the Clark Fu l l Employment B i l l ) . PEP wi l l keep tabs on the legislat ive work of the AFL-CIO and wi l l find ways in which students can t i e into some of the drives t h a t Labor w i l l be undertaking in th i s area.

|®P wi l l work on the local l e v e l t oo , with an eye t o the primary e lect ions two years hence and local elect ions next year. I t wi l l gather information and ass is t students who are in te res ted i n -working in such campaigns as r e l a t e t o the concerns of the organization as a whole. PEP wi l l come t o t he December NC with proposals for two or three po l i t i ca l projects, probably i n the border s t a t e s .

In the coming comth IEP s ta f f should b e doing two th ings . One i s finding new sources of funds for the ISP program; the other i s t o collect and publish a series of papers on the experiences of students in various aspects of the campaign, hopefully including material on the Freedom Democratic Clubs i n H I . and the Day campaign in Mass.

By the time Congress reconvenes, PEP should have an idea of some of the maôr anti-Poverty legislat ion t ha t v i l l be offered and wi l l then attempt t o have some specific pieces of l eg i s l a t ion evaluated by professionals i n economies, c i ty planning, e t c . This information

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wil l be made available t o the membership of SDS along with suggestions for the support of worthwhile l eg i s l a t ion .

In the early Spring PEP wi l l s t a r t to look at c i ty and county primaries and general e lec t ions , in order t o locate areas where students might work during the summer, e i ther as part of projects which EEP could organize, or as part of ERAP projects .

HIP wi l l publish ( i f funds are available) a newsletter on i t s ac t iv i t i e s and w i l l , as soon as the reference material from th i s elect ion i s published, continue t o offer a consulting service which gives birdseye views of the p o l i t i c a l history and economic s i tuat ion in specific congressional d i s t r i c t s and smaller p o l i t i c a l u n i t .

HIP intends to cooperate with the Coalit ion for a New Congress in doing detailed survey work on the Congressional Dis t r ic t level , an ac t iv i ty in which students can par t ic ipa te .

ELECTIONS. . . Two major s t ruc tura l gains are possible in the new Congress. If sufficient pressure i s applied by the c i v i l r ights movement and i t s a l l i e s , the actual changes made in Southern p o l i t i c a l l i f e can be registered in the power configurat ion of Congress by the breaking of Dixiecrat power. If opposition from the Right i s sufficiently feeble and pressure from the l e f t sufficiently strong and well-aimed, i t may be possible t o bui ld a grouping of l i b e r a l congressmen t o the l e f t of the Administra-t ion and shift the focus of p o l i t i c a l conflict from the Administration vs^ the Right t o the Administration vsu, the l e f t .

Such gains w i l l not be possible , however, unless major socia l movements bring? the i r pressure t o bear effectively and s t ra tegical ly- Both Icfcfoying and educa-

ELECT/CMS... t ional programs must be carried on systematically, with more imaginative techniques l ike those used in the Civil Rights B i l l fight of l as t year employed when necessary. I t wil l also require hard po l i t i ca l fighting of the kind used in the fight t o strengthen the Administration's Civil Rights B i l l in committee l a s t year. For t h i s , r ea l po l i t i ca l muscle i s required.

Such pressures must s t a r t now, before the Congress opens, i f decisions of strategy for the coming session are to be affected by i t . At a number of points SDS people and groups can play a s t ra tegic r o l e .

( l ) So far the Ful l Employment B i l l , submitted by Sen. Clark at the end of the l a s t session of Congress, has received l i t t l e at tention in l i be r a l , labor, and c i v i l r ights c i r c l e s , primarily because i t has been ignored by the press . I . F. Stone has suggested t ha t the b i l l , which provides for national economic planning for fu l l employment, can become the center for Left opposition t o the Administrat i o n . We must now begin t o lay the foundations for local coalitions of labor , c i v i l r i g h t s , l i b e r a l s , and the constituency of the poor behind the b i l l . SDS people throughout the country should approach whatever contacts they have in the labor movement, the l i b e r a l community, and the various c i v i l r ights groups in the i r area, give them copies of the b i l l , and do whatever possible t o lay the groundwork for l a t e r po l i t i ca l action around i t . In addition, a l l Senators and Congressmen should be written for information and the i r stands on the b i H # Many of them probably know nothing about i t as yet ; a few l e t t e r s of inquiry at t h i s point would make Xiifim <io hbeir homework*

t o t ry to drum Southerners who supported Goldwater out of the Democratic Party must be given some pol i t ica l support. Many Congressmen have a feeling that nobody "back home" watches what they do in int ra-party matters in Washington. The civi l r ights movement and i t s a l l ies should make i t very clear t o them that somebody back home i s watching them.

(3) A th i rd area of focus should be the related issues of conversion and military budget cuts. Perhaps the best strategy here would be to attack the military budget in the same way Wayne Morse went after the foreign aid b i l l l as t s e s s i o n -wit h a well-sharpened razor blade • {Morse went into the Senate with over 200 amendments designed to cut ^100,000 here and half-a-million there , and succeeded in putting together a coalit ion of anti-interventionist l iberals and budget-cutting conservatives which actually cut most of the military expenditures out of the foreign aid b i l l . ) Johnson wi l l probably come into Congress with slight reductions in the military budget; he should be forced t o just ify every penny spent; in f ac t , Congress should go on a budget-cutting spree, with some good healthy competition t o save the tax-payer's dollar .

(k) Finally, i t i s important to create an anti-interventionist bloc in Congress. With the national discrediting of the trigger-happy Right, i t should be possible t o put great pressures on the Administrat i on t o ins t i tu te a r ea l good-neighbor policy throughout the world. While i t is doubtful that Johnson would or could completely reverse the policy of making Airerica an international cop, strong congressional pressures of the kind Morse and Greuning have presented on Viet Nam, but coming with such wider congressional support, wi l l force the Administration to think twice every time i t considers hanging i t s clothes on tha t M<*kx»ry lint> and £jr<>fiy "Pox* n *>l%fw>y- ' l i p . (<*aufc« p . U l )

37-

UNIVERSITY REFORM. t , the constitution and t o submit t o a to ta l i t a r i an regime. There is no Reason why there could not be democracy at th i s school. This i s an outline of the sort of basic analysis t ha t should be done in order t o underlie our stands in t h i s area. We should fight the idea that the brightest people in our society need the most supervision, that they are not competent to function without deans | to supervise the i r ac t iv i t i e s . We ' must fight the idea that going t o a university is a privilege and not a necessity in our culture. Once again \ie must firmly s ta te that a democratic university i s possible.

What actually do we want t o change a t Duke? Can we actually hope to do anything? After we produce a fundamental analysis of the type of place we would l ike t o be a t , we can offer several areas in which students could begin to make t h e i r presence f e l t , the object being co-government of the school, along wit hi the faculty. These are the areas with which we should concern ourselves : curriculum reform, free speech and action, money grubbing, in loco parent is , and grievance procedures.

I would state as an ideal that students should share in the format ion of curriculum requirements. To a great extent, the faculty i s the natural leader in t h i s area, i n t h a t they should be responsible for the professional competance of the graduate. This i s clearly seen i n the case of the engineering school where the student depends on his having the r ight courses t o get a job. But there i s usually l i t t l e cur riculum reform t o keep up with the passing of years . Ideally, each y e a r , there should be a ba t t l e in each course; the studexits chnllenging; and

evaluat ing ideas and determining their relevance t o the new age. In practice there i s no controversy since the courses a r e academic in the worst sense, t h e y have l i t t l e meaning to the student and l i t t l e relevance t o the world o u t s i d e the universi ty . We should examine the whole Duke curriculum and of fer amendments from the studentsf

point of v i e w , I can suggest be t te r freshmen c o u r s e s , and more free choice— also l e s s research and more teaching. The aim should be a functioning student-faculty committee on curriculum reform.

I th ink t h a t at the universi ty a student should no t be denied the r ights of free speech and ac t ion . There i s an undercover tendency to l imit the r ights of free speech when the speaker begins to c r i t i c i z e t h e univers i ty , in otherwords, when he beg ins t o be s ignif icant . We don' t have the problem they have at Chapel H i l l , a speaker ban law, but

* there I s very l i t t l e controversy on th i s • campus • I would suggest tha t unless

you a re prepared to appeal t o the facul ty f o r support that you not cr i t ic ize facul ty housing leases and that you be careful I n your choice of speakers. We are working for the r ight of students t o hold and disseminate a l l kinds of p o l i t i c a l and social views, on and off campus , and the univers i ty ' s support and encouragement of t h i s r i g h t .

II would suggest t ha t some parts of the •universi ty are run as money machines and t h a t t h i s s i tuat ion i s "based on a fa lse premise . The university is short of f u n d s , and students are t reated as monetary asse t s , figures in a ledger and not ind iv idua l s . Somehow these two t h i n g s are linked together. A u n i v e r s i t y should not be run l ike American Tobacco, and a robher baron should not -be a u n i v e r s i t y ' s patron sa in t . If anyth ing t h i s a t t i tude intensif ies the fund r a i s i n g problem since they wi l l never g e t adequate funds from the alumni they added and subtracted as students.

\ Q o r g0**l should be student participation

in the Duke University s tores and in t h e cafe te r ia . The policy should be t o give students the best cut they can and the log ic here says tha t they should be non profi t making. The University should get i t s money somewhere e l s e .

I t i s t r ue t h a t most of my points could be subsumed In a ferocious b las t against in loco parent is . Most famil ies are not run democratically, and neither are un ivers i t i es . The a t t i t u d e that determines the fact t h a t students are excluded from decisions is the one that says that our parents delivered us over t o the un ivers i ty for care and supervision and tha t we are not capable. Neither va s the less than 20 shi l l ing freeholder capable of voting. But in par t icular , g i r l s should be able t o decide on h o u r s , t o leave school for weekends without special permission, t o drink i f they want—Why go on? They should be able t o conduct t he i r l i v e s as any g i r l of 19, working in a cot ton mi l l , conducts hers . Paternalism i s debi l i ta t ing and you can't learn t o b u i l d sky scrapers from playing with nrud pies • There should be a student-f acu l ty committee t o regulate student a f f a i r s , with an eye t o building self-r e l i ance on the part of students,

L a s t l y , there should be a defined grievance procedure. We should have an unbiased source of appeal and advice . What do you do i f a professor disagrees with your pol i t ics and lowers your grade? What can a generation of students do about an unfair or incapable professor? Further, how does a student make himself heard if he has cr i t ic ism of his dorm, his walks , h i s food—you name i t . Democracy would mean tha t students would share i n reviewing plans for dorms, for example, and be able t o f u l f i l l a h i s t o r i c role of the student as innovator. I s i t out of the question t h a t students in a university dorm

have apartments? That coed dorms be establ ished? The principle i s that where students are concerned, students should be able t o make t h e i r opinions known and t o have them have weight, d i r ec t ly .

What I have sketched should demand a l i t t l e work, the work of s tudents : th inking, analys is , reason. We should derive a mature cr i t ic ism of t he universi ty and perhaps append a student b i l l of r i g h t s . This i s a firm bas is for action in d e t a i l . Individual g r ipes , the kind you and I have plenty of, should be systema t ica l ly organized under major headings of wrongs. % system i s one, but i t could eas i ly be replaced. With a cri t icism and a l i s t of grievances we should be able t o find a l l i e s in the faculty. They are as much concerned as we. They want t o have closer contact with students, they want r e a l i t y in courses as much as we do. I d o n t think they want sleepy conformity and acceptance of the past as the guide for the future . Maybe I speak as an idea l i s t i c future college ins t ructor ; I hope not .

A coali t ion i s possible on the campus as well as in the community. In both places the coalition could produce democratic reforms and In both places i t Is made up of the excluded groups in society with many things in common. Perhaps in a new university, students might not have to leave school t o find themselves, might not be driven in to apathy by concentration on t r i v i a , might be able t o serve the society in the i r t radi t ional role of c r i t i c . Perhaps then the university might not produce ticky tacky props for the status quo. Perhaps then the society i t se l f might be changed.

needs

SDS

staff

Use application Blank enclosed with th i s Bulletin.

39

DECEMBER N.C. ... our community a c t i o n program and ask where i t i s t h a t we go from h e r e . During t h e year sha rp p r a c t i c a l and t h e o r e t i c a l ques t ions have a r i s e n out of t h e experience i t s e l f . For example, s t i l l unresolved a re "basic ques t ions of qpproach such as c i t y -wide membership organiza t ion v s . b lock and community o rgan iza t ion , organizat i o n around c r i t i c a l n a t i o n a l economic problems ( e . g . , unemployment) v s . neighborhood f o r family i s s u e s ( e . g . , playgrounds, b u i l d i n g codes ) , and e l e c t o r a l p o l i t i c a l ac t ion v s . d i r e c t or economic a c t i o n . And t h e r e i s t h e problem of f i t t i n g t h e community a c t i o n program i n t o t h e o v e r a l l p rogram of t h e o rgan iza t ion , and t h e ques t ion of a l l o c a t i o n of o rgan i za t i ona l resources•

The c rea t ion of t h e P o l i t i c a l Education Projec t as t h e separa te p o l i t i c a l a c t i o n arm of t h e o rgan iza t ion has a l s o c r ea t ed a whole new s e t of d e b a t e s . To what ex ten t should SDS members involve themselves i n Democratic reform a c t i v i t i e s ? How do we see emerging community unions as funct ioning i n American p o l i t i c s ? I s c o a l i t i o n p o l i t i c s f e a s i b l e without an independent b a s e of power? And t o what ex ten t ha s t h e b a s i c program of SDS become a p o l i t i c a l program?

There w i l l probably a l s o be some r e -eva lua t ion of t h e Peace Research and Education P r o j e c t . For example, t h e r e a r e now second thoughts about t h e v i a b i l i t y of t h e d ra f t as a campus i s sue On t h e o ther hand, t h e r e w i l l probably b e d i scuss ion of expanding PREP* 8 community ac t ion program on t h e i s sue of reconver t ing t h e defense economy.

The December BC i s a l s o t h e p r i n c i p a l meeting fo r eva lua t ing t h e campus p r o gram. This i s t r u e b o t h because of t h e l a r g e chapter r e p r e s e n t a t i o n and because we sxe i n t h e ntidflt of t h e r-chool. y e n r .

Again t h e i s s u e of a more d i r e c t e d and I coordinated campus program w i l l come

up—and along w i t h i t t h e r e l a t e d d i s cuss ion of a l l o c a t i n g more of t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n ^ s t a f f and money t o t h e campus program and campus o rgan iz ing . Of p a r t i c u l a r importance w i l l be t h e r e p o r t s of t h e c h a p t e r s and suggest ions from t h e chap te r de l ega t e s on how t h e n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n might b e t t e r serve t h e i r needs and i n t e r e s t s . For example, t h e r e have been suggest ions f o r an SDS l e a d e r s h i p t r a i n i n g i n s t i t u t e , fo r inc reased r e g i o n a l o rgan iza t ion , f o r more campus t r a v e l e r s and speake r s , fo r a un i f i ed s t uden t campaign on t h e campus t o r a i s e b a s i c economic q u e s t i o n s , for a s tuden t march on Washington for full-employment, e t c . The ques t ion keeps r e c u r r i n g : does SDS have a campus p r o gram? I f s o , what i s i t ? And how does i t serve t o b u i l d t h e organiza t ion and t h e movement?

Another ques t i on i s t h e l i t e r a t u r e p r o gram. Should SDS publ i sh an expens ive , s l i c k paper j o u r n a l ? How do we communicate our program t o t h e s tuden t? How do we communicate our program t o t h e l i b e r a l and l a b o r community? I s SDS devot ing enough of i t s t ime t o c r i t i c a l a n a l y s i s and pub l i ca t i on? I f s o , what new p a p e r s do we have t o show f o r i t ? What new promotional m a t e r i a l i s needed?

F i n a l l y , t h e r e a r e admin i s t r a t i ve ques t i o n s . With t h e r e a l and pe rce ivab le s h i f t of SDS's b a s e off of t h e East coas t and ac ross t h e coun t ry t o form a t r u l y n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n , t h e ques t ion of moving t h e Na t iona l Office out of Hew york Ci ty has b e e n r a i s e d . There i s a l s o t h e r e l a t e d quest ion of unifying t h e ERAP and PBEP of f ices w i t h Nat iona l Off ice , so t h a t t h e o rgan iza t ion does not become s c h i z o i d a t t h e t o p . Always open t o review a r e s t r u c t u r e s of t h e n a t i o n a l p r o j e c t s and t h e a l l o c a t i o n of f i n a n c i a l r e s o u r c e s .

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DECEMBER N.C. thinking about these problems, and others which wi l l arise between now and December, It should be born in mind that the national Council i s "the major policymaking and program body of the organization." The chapter delegates constitute the vast majority of the National Council, there being only 17 at-large members • Every chapter should be represented. Before schools l e t out for Christmas vacation, i t i s imperative that each chapter elect i t s delegates and alternates, and notification of their election be sent t o the National Office. Chapters with 25 or less members get one delegate, larger chapters get two.

It should f inally be remembered that the NC i s open to a l l interested students, and a l l SDS members are encouraged t o attend. Notification of time, place, and agenda wi l l be mailed t o the chapters in early December. At-large members can get this information by writing or phoning the National Office.

P.S. December NC's traditionally end on New Year*s Eve. And you know what that means. ___________

ELECTIONS... Let me add a few longer-range thoughts on national polit ical strategy.

- As Telford Taylor points out in Grand Inquest a i t i s one of the tragedies of the McCarthy era that American liberals have come to look upon the congressional investigation as something highly distasteful, merely because i t has been abused by the heresy hunters* Congressional investigation can be one of the most effective means of national political education. It has been a basic tool of nearly a l l American progressive movements. ODB of t h e best poss ib le A&reil ormanbe of t b e

s next Congress could be wide-spread % investigations of some of tliose

"undebated issues" of American society, such as anti-labor practices and union-busting by management (l ike the famous LaFollette labor-spy hearings which laid the basis for the Wagner Act); c i v i l rights violations and police brutality and i l l e g a l i t y North and South; the pol i t ical power and pract i c e s of the great corporations, especially those concerned with the military (like the Ifye Committee "merchants of death" investigations); poverty in America, with large chunks of testimony by the poor; urban renewal and what i t has become, e t c .

- Another tragedy of recent years i s that the Left has l e t the Bight monopolize the Issues of corruption and bureaucratization. I t i s indeed curious—and something t o be ashamed of—that the investigation of the subversion of American government by private and corporate interests should be l e f t to such conservatives as Senator Williams. Congressional l iberals must go on the offensive, both against corporate and military influence in the Executive and equally against their fantastic power in Congress. This must be combined with an investigation and attack on the corruption of the federal bureaucracy, which as everyone knows is controlled by the interests i t i s supposed to regulate. Further, we need to develop concrete ways of attacking those aspects of governmental bureaucracy which do In fact lnterphere with the l ives of ordinary people. We wi l l never be able t o appeal t o those who support Goldwaterism because i t protects them from legitimate social control, but we must not allow the Bight t o monopolize the Jeffersonian concept of men competent t o direct their own l i v e s .

- Over the next few months we need t o develop a program of soc ia l legis lat ion which goes wel l "beyond t h e Adatfjiistra-

-1»1~

$ ion's limited medicare, poverty, and civil rights proposals. Bills for a J complete revision of the now-inadequate | social security program, the massive re construction of our urban centers by publicly-responsible agencies (not "urban renewal" by downtown business interests), a "B.I. Bill of Rights for veterans of the war on poverty," the great extension of free public education to break the monopoly of the affluent on nursery schools and college education, revision of anti-union parts of the $aft-Hartley Act, re-establishment of the progressivity of the income tax, e tc . should be introduced into this Congress. Congressmen with whom we have contact should be given proposals for such b i l l s and asked to submit them. Interest groups should be organized behind them. political struggles in which Congressmen and the Administration are forced to debate issues and take public stands maybe the fruit of the 196k elections; if there is adequate power exerted for i t , we may see for the first time in our lifetime real national debate over the issued confronting the country.

Clearly a group of young radicals like SDS is not the primary agency through which such change will be effected. But because of our insight into the nature of the problems we face, and because our committment transcends the immediate political situation> we can play a strategic role as midwife to the potential change*

Send ell letters for publication to j Bulletin Editor, Helen Garvy, SDS National Office. j

REGIONAL ORGANIZERS

SDS this fall found it necessary to establ i sh a system of regional organizers axound the country who could service chapt e r s in the area, organize new chapters, and plan regional activities. The follow* ing are the regional organizers:

Hew England—Dave Smith, <& Boston Ave, Somerville, Mass. Pennsylvania—Vernon Grizzard, Swarth-more College, Swarthmore, Pa. Maryland, Wash. D.C.—Peter Davidowlcz, 3220 St Paul St, Baltimore, Md. South—Archie, Allen, c/o SSCC, Box . 6^03, Nashville, Tenn. Texas, Oklahoma—Jeff Shero, 506 W 12 St, Austin, Texas. Ohio, Indiana—Ken McEldowney, 2908 Jay Ave, Cleveland, Ohio. Michigan—Dick Magidoff, 808 Mary St, Ann Arborr Michigan I l l i n o i s , Wisconsin—Bob Ross and Lee Webb, 1521 E 5^ S t , Chicago, I l l i n o i s . Mlane8afca,Pakot as—George B r o s i , Car le ton Col lege , Nor th f i e ld , Minn. Oregon, Washington— Jeremy Brecher , Reed Col lege , Por t l and , Oregon.

READING RECOMMENDATIONS:

S t u d i e s on the Lef t , Quar te r ly , $3»50/year, (P.O. Box 3 3 , Planetarium S t a t i o n , NY 2k, HT[) Last i s sue was e x c e l l e n t . Conversion Report , Monthly, $2 .50 /yea r . Published by Boston HffiP p r o j e c t (lWfa Mc Auburn S t , Cambridge, Mass.) Freedom North, e igh t t imes / y e a r , $2 .00 , Publ ished by NSM (511*- W 126 S t , NY, NY) Peace News, Specia l t e n in t roduc tory i s s u e s for $1.00 from APSC (160 N 15 S t , 0 i iXsdelphia 2 , P a ) .

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RUT T FTTN

JANUARY I965T V.l 3, Nc 1

STUDENTS FOR

DEMOCRATIC

SOCIETY

:HASE MANHATTAN... PARTNER IN APARTHEID

SIT-IN PUNNED

in a letter to the Chase Manhattan Bank signed by S D S President Paul Po t te r , S D S recently called on Chase Manhattan to "cease and desist" In its financial assistance to the racist government of the Union of South A f r i c a . In the p rob able event that Chase Manhattan refuses to pull out of Its multlmlllion dollar investments and loans, S D S has announced its intention to c a r r y out a si t - in in the Chase Manhattan offices just off Wall Street In New Y o r k ' s financial d istr ict . The date set for this action wi l l be F r i d a y , March 19, two days before the fifth anniversary of the SharpevIISe massa c r e . .

(cont. P I4*'

OVERVIEW OF THE

3 IVI by E R I C L .EVINE

Berkeley S D S

F r o m the beginning, the polit ically interested, who constitute a m i n or i ty on the Berkeley campus, as they do In any populat ion, w e r e deeply disturbed by the Administrat ion action restr ic t ing poli t ical express ion. Berkeley had a larger share than most campuses of politically active students, wh ich helps explain why so many s t u

dents—over a thousand—were ready to devote the better par t of their time sitting inside and outside Sprou l Hal l dur ing the 32-hour demonstrat ion, Oc tob er I and 2.

S D S T O S P O N S O R

VIETNAM MARCH Perhaps the most fa r - reach ing decision to come out of the December National Counci l meeting was the decision to sponsor a Student March on Washington to call for the end of .American Intervention in the

fcont . p"i4)

The S D S National Counci l meeting attended oy over 300 students

Who were these students? A questionaire re turned by over 600 of the October 1-2 demons t ra tors showed that over 70% belong to no campus pol i t ical organizat ion. Half had ne\/er before part ic ipated in any d e m onstrat ions. Though only 15% w e r e wil l ing to r i s k a r r e s t and expulsion at the beginning of th© demonstrat ion, 56% dec la r ed themsleves so wi l l ing "If ne gotiations broke down and s i mi lar demonstrations w e r e nee-, e s s a r y . "

At the height of the demons t r ations , over 5,000 students gathered in Sp rou l Hal l p l aza ; at least 3,500 w e r e sympathetic to the alms of the f^ree Speech Movement.

When the Chancel lor moved against four F S M leaders on

(cont. p J6)

sos mm. cmciiM b y C. CLARK KISSINGER, National Secretary

Traditionally the December meeting of the SDS National Council Is the largest, most representative, and most important in terms of decision making. This year the December NC brought together 16 of the 17 National Officers, representatives from 37 chapters, and hundreds of observers —296 of whom bothered to register. The meeting, spread over (packed into) four days, was roughly structured along the lines of one day of speakers and panels, one day of workshops, and iwo days of plenary sessions,

The meeting began with welcoming remarks by Michael Harrington, author of The Other America, and a short address by SDS President Paul Potter. The main event of the first afternoon was a panel of speakers on "Breakthroughs in Student Action." This panel consisted of presentations by Prof. Staughton Lynd, Director of the Freedom Schools In Mississippi last summer; Mike Ansara, from Harvard SDS, speaking on the Noel Day campaign In Boston and the community action centers which grew out of that campaign; Jesse Allen, a resident of Newark, N .J . , speaking on the Newark Community Union Project (the SDS community project In Newark); Eric Leylne, President -of Berkeley SDS, speaking on the Berkeley Free Speech Movement; and Peter Brandon, International Representative of the Amalgamated Meat Cutters, speaking on the North Carolina Student—Labor Project,

CONTENTS F^rtse Speech Movement . .1

South Africa . . . . • I Vietnam March I National Council Meet ing. . . . . . . . . 2

MFDP - 3 Chapter Scene •• 4 PREP: Conversion 5 ERAP Committee Meeting 6

Southern Student Organizing

Committee 7

Political Education Project . . . . . . 8

Newark Arrest 9 C o m m e n i s on the N C . . . . 9 PREP Defended II

published monthly by: Students for a Democratic Society 119 Fifth Ave, room 308, New York

editor: Helen Garvy

The evening session began with a panel of speakers on "The Organizational Directions of S D S . " Here the speakers were David Smith, Tufts University; Jeff Shero, University of Texas; Steve Max, staff of SDS's Political Education Project; and Rich Rothsteln from Chicago JOIN (the SDS project in Chicago). Following this panel, the National Council was formally convened and lengthy debate preceded the adoption of the agenda. This debate centered on how the next day's workshops should be structured, and was necessary because different viewpoints on what problems faced the organization led naturally to different viewpoints on how to talk about these problems. The final decision was to split the body into iwo workshops, one to deal with national student and campus programs, the second to deal with regional and focal proposals for political and community organizing projects. These workshops could, In turn, break down Into smaller groups.

Preceding the workshops on the second day was an address on Vietnam by journalist I .F. Stone, who reviewed the sordid history of America's intervention in Indo-Chlna.

It Is difficult to convey the essense of the two final days of plenary session. The seven typed pages of minutes consist mainly of procedural motions, reflecting the fact that such problems as were solved were talked out rather than voted out. But before discussing some of the unsolved or semi-solved problems, let me first quickly review the definite decisions of the NC: It was decided that the whole problem of who SDS

decided that the whole problem of how SDS should expand its community organization program could best be dealt with by the Executive Committee of SDS's Economic Research and Action Project (ERAP) augmented by interested members of the National Council. It was decided that SDS should sponsor a Student March on Washington to call for an end to American Intervention In Vietnam, and that SDS would sponsor-some form of direct action against the Chase Manhattan Bank around the anniversary of the Sharpeville massacre. A new program for the Political Education Project emphasizing the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party challenge was adopted. And the decision was made to unify the offices of SDS's various national p rojects with the National Office, the combined offices to be located somewhere other than New York City.

But perhaps the clearest way to miss the

of this meeting Is to simply list the formal

I (com. p is)

I'/l

J*'

! J*

i;

FDP by S T E V E M A X , P E P Staff

The f i rst round in the challenge to the seating of the Mississippi congressional delegation by the Mississippi F r e e d o m DecocratSc P a r t y is now o v e r . On January 4th, 1965 a vote of 276 to 149 prevented the House of Representat ives f r om debating a motion by House Major i t y L e a d e r A lbe r t to administer the oath of office to the Mississlpplans over the objection of Congressman Ryan of the N a w Y o r k Re fo rm movement. C los ing debate prevented Congressman Roosevelt ( D - Ca l i f . ) f rom making a substitute motion wh ich would have prevented seating until the ma t ter had been considered by the House A d m i n i s t rat ion Commit tee. Thus a vote for ending d e bate was a vote against the M F D P . The A lbe r t motion to seat the Mississippi delegates then c a r r i e d on a voice vote.

The next step in the fight to have the Mississippi elect ions dec lared void because of the d isen-franchisement of the Negro population of that state wi l l commence in about a w e e k . The cha l lengers , the M F D P , have forty days to use federal supoena power to hold hear ings and c o l lect evidence in Miss iss ipp i . Fo l low ing that, the challenged congressmen w i l l have the same opportunity to use the supoena p o w e r . Eventual ly the matter w i l l go to the House Committee on Admin is t ra t ion w h i c h ' w i l l r e fe r It to the sub committee on Elect ions and P r i v i l e g e s .

Committee assignments for the 89th Congress are being made as of this wr i t ing and it is difficult to say how the sub—committee w i l l shape u p . In the 88th C o n g r e s s , the committee was composed of five Southern Democrats and four Republ icans who have a total combined A D A l iberal ism rat ing of 51. A l l the members of the sub-committee w e r e re turned to Congress this t e r m . When the committees a r e re -o rgan ized for the 89th C o n g r e s s , mo re Democrats w i l l be added to the House Committee on Admin is t ra t ion . T w o l ibera l Cong ressmen , Gus Haekins ( D - Ca l i f . ) and Re fo rmer Jonathan Bingham of N e w Y o r k have a l ready been added .

T h e r e are severa l possibiie paths that the c h a l lenge could take at this point :

1) The Sub-Commit tee could refuse to ac t , thus kil l ing the chal lenge.

2) The whole Committee cou ld receive a repo r t f rom the Sub-Commit tee and then r e fuse to act .

3) The whole Committee cou ld issue a r e por t which wou ld go to the Ru les Commit tee, wh ich could re fuse to ac t .

4) The whole Committee cou ld issue a repo r t wh i ch could get to the f loor of the House .

T h e r e a re severa l strategies now under cons id erat ion by the M F D P in o r d e r to deal w i th the si tuat ion. T h e long-range goal i s , of c o u r s e , to have a full debate on the f loor of C o n g r e s s , and perhaps even to w i n . T h u s p r e s s u r e could be brought on Speake r McCormack to invoke ...the newly -passed 21 day ru le to get the Chal lenge out of commit tee. Th is wou ld requ i re that a

member of C o n g r e s s f i rst make a motion to unseat the regu la r Miss iss ippi delegation, and that the motion be r e f e r r e d to the Committee on Admin is t ra t ion . ( T h e statutory challenge now in p rocess does not have standing in Congress unless a committee repo r t s it ou t , but a motion made on the f loor and then referred to a c o m mittee for action could be o r d e r e d out of c o m m i t tee again. )

A second method to br ing the matter to the f l oo r wou ld be for a member of the House to make the above resolut ion and then gain 218 s ignatures on a d ischarge pet i t ion. If th© M F D P could gain enough support for this pet i t ion, they cou ld also sustain the cha l lenge.

T h e C iv i l Rights Commiss ion is due to hold headings on voting in th© beginning of F e b r u a r y ; and it is possible that , on the basis of the e v i dence turned up t h e r e , the M F D P wi l l not wai t until She statutory challenge r u n s its course some time in Ju ly , but w i l l t ry to Invoke the 21 day ru le o r the d ischarge pet i t ion.

In the meantime, there is still the question of what w i l l happen when the l a w y e r s go into Mississippi and demand the cooperat ion of federa l and local officials in the use of the supoena p o w e r . Chapters should be p r e p a r e d to p i c k e t , demonstrate, send te legrams, e tc . in the event that ful! cooperat ion is not g iven the l a w y e r s , and there Is little hope that it w i l l be .

A V A I L A B L E F R O M R E P : |*The ro l l cal l on the M F D P vote in Congress ••Information on the Challenge p ln format ion on y o u r congressman and your

d is t r ic t A V A I L A B L E S O O N :

JeA detailed background paper on the M F D P and the Chal lenge

|*A list of members of the Admin is t ra t ion Committee and the Elect ions Sub-commit tee

P E P , 119 Fi f th A v e . , r o o m 309 , N e w Y o r k

it is necessary to start contacting Cong ressmen now to urge them to support the chal lenge, to p r e s s u r e Speake r M c C o r m a c k if a 21 day ru le is needed, and to sign a d ischarge petit ion if one Is c i r cu la ted . It is pa r t i cu la r l y important that p r e s s u r e be brought on the members of the Committee on Admin i s t ra t i on .

The Challenge o f fe rs a supe rb opportunity to conduct an educational p r o g r a m on campus and in the communi ty . St may be possible to r e a c h those who in the past have been unmovable , since the Chal lenge is not a mat ter of one's feelings about c iv i l r i gh t s , it is not a question of too fast or too s l o w , it is not a question of the South solving its p rob lems by i tself , it is not a question of N o r t h e r n ag i ta to rs , e t c . ; r a t h e r , it is a c lea r -cu t case of F e d e r a l law being b r o k e n , of the Constitution being ignored and the compact wh ich re-admi t ted Miss iss ipp i to the union being voided . It is a case of what is supposed to be the most s a c r e d A m e r i c a n institution—that of the ballot—being sc rapped . T h i s makes the challenge Just the issue to r a i s e wi th those w h o rose in indignation when c iv i l r igh ts w o r k e r s " b roke the l a w " , " s a t - i n " , " d i s r e g a r d e d p r o p e r t y r i g h t s " , " t r e s s p a s s e d " , and "unlawful ly and i l legal ly assemb led " . N o w that the " l ega l " shoe is on the other foo t , let 's take up the chal lenge and us© this opportunity to the h i l t .

THE CAMPUS SCENE b y H E L E N G A R V Y , A s s i s t a n t N a t i o n a l S e c r e t a r y

Ast, t h e f i r s t i t e m of b u s i n e s s at i t s r e c e n t m e e t i n g , t he S O S N a t i o n a l C o u n c i l v o t e d to f o r m a l l y r e c o g n i z e t h e 22 n e w c h a p t e r s that h a d b « t n f o r m e d

t h i s f a l l , b r i n g i n g t h e n e w to ta l t o 4 3 c h a p t e r s .

A c juk k . u r v i - y of t h e a c t i v i t i e s o l t h e s e c h a p t e r s ; ; i \ < " . ,-sn e > c e l l e n t i d e a of t he k i n d : , of p r o g r a m m i n g t h e y u n d e r t a k e a n d the r t W ) f of p o s s i b i l i t i e s o p e n t o i h . i p l e r s . C h a p t e r a c t i v i t y c a n t>e d i v i d e d i n t o t w o m,~»tn c a t e g o r i e s : e d u c a t i o n and a c t i o n . 1 u t t h e s e c a t e g o r i e s n r e b r o a d .

7 *w- r";o--! i c i t i f i u i n f o r m of e«lui .-»ii«>f> i s th»» u s e of {>ri.-»Kc*f n u i l t h i s i s .'« p.-trt of t h e j »rs»-;'s*r*' < >l

r-*!*m-.s! e \ er-y < h," i | i tcr . t )eb; i te •• .'ii-<' .1?' > l ! t ' i I i \ e \ ,-»r i n ! j< in of t h i s . "Some f h a p l r i - . f ee l I'u- n e e a l o r **s.f-«- if-'-i"< >ij')*' i ' M r r n n l e d u c a t i o n Pi;*.*1 i . in !•«- ot i l,"»(»it"! t h r o u s h «"> ' . O l ' i r ' . i>( ' . j i r a i v c f " . , 7 •> ( i l i Shi .

D I T I J , ' •»% . K l h i n o r c h a s h e l d -AJ( . ( t " . - , l . j l s e m i r i . i r -in She p i i s t ( l o r e x a m p l e , o n the N p ' j f i ' )r'i-f'<l(»f»i ivu •. »-fn<r?'1 „-*n>) «>n M n r x i - > r o ) ,' ind i s a g a i n p l . ' i nn i f v j Jo h i . i d •*-•.. «>• -,"il t h i s s e m e s t e r o n topic • s u c h a s the I r% *< if - mo*. e m e n t ( < orj lor.'ition-. ( the political system, r.-tdic •'»• politics in the Am«.ric ;m novel. ? be i 'nliifiuif!! ( Jiihri-, Mopkin-./f "louc hrr } ch.ipter is lhmHir«; of holding n seminar on c on\ er-.ton, disarmament, revolution in underdeveloped countr ies , or »oci«Msm»

VOICI , the University of Michigan chapiter has ;u--J so. « eeded in getting University credit for a |i»<'««>|y strut lured, t-iDS oriented seminar, U««iun t-n iiir. irtili.-t(iv-c of VOICt. members. An SOS U i*-mi >,f% she fatuity is officially responsible for the * ,.uc.n ! tit it will be planned and run by the par-IK •(•niir3<) student*-. Meadirvj for the next meeting ..I ibr i n n e r ifsc huM". the f- 'ort Huron Statement .Ti'l if-*' f rlple I devolution.

M i - , r ; j r i h |J o n e a r e a t h « ! h a r i b e e n n e g l e c t e d Isy

i t-flitter*. . M«f*\,«rd ha-, clone -ioroe Jack Minni*. iyiin f~'-*'s%ft ti (see "the Core and F'eeding of I I'iwrr *-.!ru< surp'.", nvAilable from SDS) ort the? l Pnvf-r*'-ity nnd the Piedmont chaplwr ss teeginnlng o study <tf tfs«» fjuvvpr "structsjrf,* of North Carolina, •••»•)> 3 I >tir-fi.-*rT, in particular.

Another rr «an«» of education it* through the press. This can m«**«n anything from trying to get publicity for !H« activities* and opinions of a chapter in in*? campus or local press, to publishing your own n<ow»l«»ti*>r. Many SOS groups publish sx>«"iw »OPI of n*i*w&le!ter--**omt* roûlar ly, some not; *ow« ju-*»t for internal communication i«ch «& th« Boston rtvglonml newsletter, a Queens chapter mailing, the Minnesota-Dakota regional mailings, some for wid«»r distribution, such as !h# U of Michigan ''Campus VOICE" and the Ntew Vork at-iarg^ chapter's "Viewpoint" and the more specialized news-letter of the U of Michigan Stu<&sr8t Employee* Union and the "Conversion

Report" of the Boston P R E P project which Is

produced primarily by students from MIT.

Another major educational device, although a much more complicated one, is the conference.

Plans are underway now to hold a series of

conferences In as many regions as possible this

spring.

Ar.tion;. -»uch a,, petition's and leafletiny can ol <o in- important educational tools. Many chapters have circulated petition'* on the f }«-rkHey f n ; c *-p»«e*h Movement, .unci -.everal on the MROI--,tr-d \ ILIAC.

A!*T!o- t .si! ' , ! ) ' - , (h,i;iUT'. have some form of .iriio-i pn-jrcirti , whi-thcr on the campus or In the <. omf*v.."fii»\ . Ac titin « .m i>c on any issue—civil ri-;M , r( 'i!nt".'( i .-.u«- . . peace, university re form J " il s in f i tv il ! i : • • - • M i - ' . . . .

<.:h4j}1p.r- nc i r i F< AF' community organization

peojr- !•• ti.ivr --leriemlfy worked closely with the

proji-c t , .ilthou-ih many problems exist in this re f

usion .hip — primarily slue to the high degree of

€ ommittmfnt needed to be an effective community

or.j.iniêr .

Yet many chapter", -ee some sort of a community ociion n*i de*.iruUle—because of Its appeal to •.tudentN and ability to involve them tn something they care about, itr, value to the community, and ip; educational value to the student. Many chapters, inspired by E R A P , have begun to survey the areas they are located near to determine the conditions that exist and the issues around which or-jamVation can take place. These in clude f=imith, Williams, Queens, Grlnnell, NV at-large, Drown/Pembroke, Carleton, Cornel l , Vassar, and Harpur . Some chapters, such as the University of Maryland and Southern Illinois University, already have projects of their own, affilidied whh out not part of E R A P . The Duke and newfy-or<janiared Piedment chapters are continuinrj their work with the North Carolina lat.or project doinq union orgainzing In local plants. Southern Illinois University has also become interested In beginning something like this project .mti K investigating several unorganized plunt-. in the urea.

Many projects are involved in community action short of full-scale organizing projects. Bergen County { a high school chapter in New Jersey) . the University of Texas , and Grlnnel l , for example, have tutorial projects.

Peace is another area for action by chapters

Several chapters—Harvard, Baltimore, and Swarthmore—will be laking a major share of the responsibility for planning the Vietnam March on Washington on Apri l 17. Several chapters have already held speakers | Texas and the U of

Ccont. p 1*7j

r r\tr on Conversion b y R A U L . B O O T H

T h e D e c e m b e r N C dec ided that P R E P ' s c o n v e r s i o n o r g a n i z i n g shou ld be dealt w i t h as p a r t o f g e n e r a l c o m m u n i t y o rgan iz ing s t r e t e g y , and t h a t p r i o r i t y s h o u l d be g iven to o rgan iz ing a r o u n d c o n v e r s i o n in p r e s e n t E R A P p ro j ec t a r e a s , T h i s s e e m s fu l l y jus t i f ied in v i e w of the h a r d f a c t s of the s e r i o u s n e s s of o rgan iz ing w o r k , and t h e s h o r t a g e of sk i l l ed pe rsonne l to do that w o r k ,

" T h e r e a r e t w o m a j o r impl icat ions of this c o n s e n s u s :

j . F o r the s u m m e r , in addit ion to the B o s t o n F » r o j e c t , c o n v e r s i o n w o r k shou ld be c o n c e n t r a t e d in e i t h e r B a l t i m o r e , C h i c a g o , o r N e w J e r s e y , o r t w o o r th ree of those s i t es . ( I n a s m u c h a s a S a n F r a n c i s c o p ro jec t is n o w a s s o c i a t e d w i t h E R A P , it w o u l d imply that e f f o r t to set u p a c o n v e r s i o n p ro jec t in the B a y A r e a w o u l d a l so be a p p r o p r i a t e . )

2 . F o r t h o s e a r e a s l ike S e a t t l e , B r o o k l y n , 0®rt\/ert a n d L o n g I s land , fo r w h i c h c o n v e r s i o n p r o j e c t s h a d b e e n p r o p o s e d (due to the heavy i n c i d e n c e of unemp loymen t r esu l t i ng f r o m defense c u t b a c k s ) , s o m e k i n d of p r o g r a m a r o u n d the

issue , and s h o r t of f u l l - sca le o rgan iz ing c o m m i tmen t , has to b e deve loped .

In o r d e r to f o l l o w up on the s u m m e r p ro j ec t angle , P R E P w i l l en te r into d i scuss ions w i t h the E R A P p r o j e c t s to find out the extent to w h i c h those p r o j e c t s feel c o n v e r s i o n shou ld be w o r k e d into t h e i r o n g o i n g , y e a r - r o u n d o r g a n i z ing p r o g r a m , A meet ing of the P R E P e x e c u t ive commi t tee in e a r l y sp r i ng shou ld make f ina l dec i s i ons on w h e r e c o n v e r s i o n p ro jec t w o r k w i l l be done s ta r t ing i n the s u m m e r .

T h e m o r e di f f icul t t ask facing P R E P is in evo lv ing a c o n v e r s i o n p r o g r a m . P a r t of that can be clone a r o u n d the nexus of an expand ing C o n v e r s i o n R e p o r t , the Bos ton p r o j e c t ' s month ly n e w s l e t t e r , w h i c h is now p r e p a r e d to go nat iona l and needs loca l c o r r e s p o n d e n t s . S e c o n d l y , the c h a p t e r s in d e f e n s e - i m p a c t e d a r e a s can w o r k f ru i t fu l ly on the i s s u e th rough d i scuss ions w i t h u n i o n i s t s , p o l i f i c o s , e t c . , t h rough sett ing up r e s e a r c h p r o j e c t s i n con junct ion w i t h f acu l t y , t h r o u g h holding of s m a l l - s c a l e c o n f e r e n c e s o n the a r e a ' s economic p r o b l e m s , and t h r o u g h a n u m b e r of o ther p r o j e c t s that must be d r e a m e d up and e x p e r i m e n t e d w i th . ,

S.D.S. S O S i s a m o v e m e n t of peop le , o r g a n i z e d in chap te r s o r i ndependen t l y , w h o study and par t i c ipa te in d a i l y s t r u g g l e s fo r soc ia l c h a n g e . Commi t ted to change in many s p h e r e s of soc ie t y , S D S m e m b e r s , i n c h a p t e r s a n d p r o j e c t s :

O R G A N I Z E T H E D I S P O S S E S S E D in communi ty m o v e m e n t s f o r e c o n o m i c g a i n s . One h u n d r e d a n d f i f ty s t u d e n t s devoted the s u m m e r of 1964 to fu l l - t ime w o r k on S D S p r o j e c t s in 10 N o r t h e r n a n d ' ' A p p a l a c h i a n c i t i e s ; 40 continue to w o r k f u l l - t i m e . Movemen ts of w e l f a r e m o t h e r s , the u n e m p l o y e d , t e n a n t s r e s i d e n t s ' o f publ ic hous ing p r o j e c t s , ' and o the rs have been o r g a n i z e d a r o u n d the i r p a r t i c u l a r g r i e v a n c e s .

P A R T I C I P A T E IN A C T I V I T Y F O R P E A C E th rough p r o t e s t , r e s e a r c h , educa t ion , and commun i t y o r g a n i z a t i o n S D S o r g a n i z e d p r o t e s t s and p r o p o s e d peacefu l so lu t i ons du r i ng Cuba and V i e t n a m

% c r i s e s , s p o n s o r s peace r e s e a r c h among s tuden ts , and is u n d e r t a k i n g p i lo t e f for ts to o r g a n i z e d e f e n s e w o r k e r s f o r economic c o n v e r s i o n .

V V O R K F O R C I V I L . R I G H T S th rough d i rec t ac t i on , pub l i ca t i on , a n d s u p p o r t fo r the Student N o n v i o l e n t C o o r d i n a t i n g Commi t t ee . S D S p r o j e c t s in C h e s t e r , P a a n d N e w a r k , N J s e r v e as m o d e l s ' o r i s i eg ro m o v e m e n t s in the N o r t h due to t he i r mass s u p p o r t .

i N J J F r r - r C O N T R O V E R S Y I N T O A S T A G N A N T E D U C A T I O N A L . S Y S T E M . S D S p a r t i c i p a t e d i n I K ! I « S S demons t ra t i ons fo r f r ee speech at B e r k e l e y and o r g a n i z e d nat ional s u p p o r t , p i o n e e r e d »n t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n of peace c o u r s e s Into co l lege c u r r i c u l a , and in i t i a ted the un ion o rgan iza t ion of ^ t u d e ^ t ' l m p l o y e e s at the U n i v e r s i t y of M i c h i g a n .

s P O L I T I C A L . I N S U R G E N T S in the fight fo r a g o v e r n m e n t that w o u l d p r o m o t e soc ia l

i u s t i c T ° R S D S p r o d u c e s studies of the po l i t i ca l and e l ec to ra l s i t ua t i on .

ERAP committee mats by R E N N I E D A V I S

A n augmented E R A P C o m m i t t e e , w h o s e s i ze r a n g e d f r o m 45-120 p e o p l e , met f o r th ree d a y s fo l low ing the D e c e m b e r Nat ional C o u n c i l meet ing to p lan f o r the expans ion of commun i t y p r o j e c t s . T h e d i s c u s s i o n , h o w e v e r , r a n g e d the full gamut of " f i e l d " p r o b l e m s and c r e a t e d some new ones out of i ts o w n d y n a m i c . T h e r e is no easy o r c l e a r w a y to s u m m a r i z e the meet ing except to s a y that t h e r e w a s comple te consensus about the di f f icul ty of exp la in ing to people w h o didn't at tend the p o s t - N C ga the r i ng i ts s ign i f i cance to the E R A P staf f . T h e meet ing p r o d u c e d an i n c r e d i b l e " s o c i a l i z a t i o n " of peop le and the most honest a n d s e a r c h i n g con f ron ta t ion of ou r o rgan i z i ng w o r k w e have h a d . R a t h e r than attempt the task of s u m m a r i z i n g the debates and ques t ions of the t h r e e d a y s , th is r e p o r t l ists the dec is ions of the c o m m i t t e e . Hopefu l l y the i ssues r a i s e d by the meet ing w i l l not be lost but can be con t inued to be d i s c u s s e d in c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , in the B u l l e t i n , a n d at f u tu re m e e t i n g s .

1. N e w P r o j e c t s : N e w p r o j e c t s w e r e adopted in B o s t o n ; C a i r o , I l l i no i s ; C e d a r H e i g h t s , M a r y l a n d ; K n o x v l I I © , T e n n e s s e e ; N e w B r u n s w i c k , N . J . ; S a n F r a n c i s c o ; and T e x a s . H o w e v e r , a d is t inc t ion w a s d r a w n be tween p r o j e c t s f o r w h i c h the E R A P Commi t tee assumes ful l r espons ib i l i t y and p r o j e c t s w h i c h pa r t i c ipa te in E R A P meet ings and add to the commun i t y dialogue but a r e not dependent on E R A P f o r funds and staff . N e w project*-* fo r w h i c h E R A P a s s u m e s fu l l r e s p o n s i bi l i ty a r e F3o*,ton ( D u d l e y S t ree t A c t i o n C e n t e r ) ,*nd N;*w E i i runHwick . P r o j e c t s to be inc luded in lh«- " E R A P f o r u m " a r e C a i r o ( F r e e d o m H o u s e ) , K n o x v i l l e , H a z a r d , C e d a r H e i g h t s , S a n F r a n c i s c o ( F r e e d o m H o u s e ) , and T e x a s .

2 . N e w J e r s e y P r o j e c t : It w a s a g r e e d that E R A P shou ld e m p h a s i z e reg iona l o rgan iza t i ona l deve lopment in the state of N e w J e r s e y . T h i s is not to mean that ex is t ing p r o j e c t s are to c lose d o w n o r that they a r e not to expand in o r d e r that n e w r e s o u r c e s m a y be p r o v i d e d to N e w J e r s e y . It is to m e a n , h o w e v e r , that in p u b l i c i t y , n e w staff and f inances N e w J e r s e y i s to be e m p h a s i z e d . P r o j e c t s a r e to d&lermine f o r t h e m s e l v e s w h a t imp l i ca t ions a N e w J e r s e y p ro jec t has fo r t h e i r o r g a n i z i n g p l a n s . If any p ro jec t dec ides to c lose d o w n , it w o u l d be a s s u m e d that the staff r e l e a s e d by s u c h a move w o u l d go to N e w J e r s e y , if p o s s i b l e . If no s u c h dec is ion Is m a d e , a l l ex is t ing p r o j e c t s ( C h i c a g o , C l e v e l a n d , N e w a r k , P h i l a d e l p h i a , C h e s t e r , a n d B a l t i m o r e ) w i l l b e fu l ly s u p p o r t e d in the i r w o r k by E R A P . T h e Ph i l ade lph i a p r o j e c t , in the w e e k fo l lowing the E R A P m e e t i n g , dec ided to c l o s e .

3 . s t a f f A l l o c a t i o n : N o at tempt w a s made to make staff a l locat ion d e c i s i o n s In the m e e t i n g . It w a s a g r e e d that N e w B r u n s w i c k and B o s t o n p a r t i c u l a r l y needed o n e n e w staff p e r s o n a n d that e v e r y poss ib le e f fo r t s h o u l d be made to meet " m i n i m a l " staff n e e d s in e v e r y p r o j e c t . T h e E R A P d i r e c t o r Is t o consu l t w i t h e a c h p r o j e c t about staff needs a n d a r r a n g e f o r n e w staff m e m b e r s to t r a v e l to p r o j e c t s w h e r e dec i s i ons can be mmde.

4 . M i d - W e s t C o n c e n t r a t i o n : T h e r e w a s c o n s i d e r able d i s c u s s i o n of c o n s o l i d a t i o n of p r o j e c t s in the m i d - W e s t , but no r e s o l u t i o n w a s r e a c h e d . It w a s felt that insuf f ic ient e v i d e n c e e x i s t e d f o r say ing t ha t e i ther C h i c a g o o r C l e v e l a n d w e r e " b e t t e r " c i t ies to w o r k i n . A n d It w a s equa l l y u n c l e a r that E R A P c o u l d not potent ia l ly s e r v i c e both p r o j e c t s . It w a s a g r e e d that no a s s u m p t i o n shou ld e x t l that e i t h e r p r o j e c t s h o u l d c l ose but d i s c u s s i o n of m i d - W e s t c o n c e n t r a t i o n o r c o n s o l i dat ion s h o u l d c o n t i n u e , p a r t i c u l a r l y among the staffs of the C h i c a g o a n d C l e v e l a n d p r o j e c t s .

5 . A p p a l a c h i a ; S e v e r a l m e m b e r s of the staff a r g u e d s t r o n g l y that EF**AP s h o u l d g i ve s e r i o u s c o n s i d e r a t i o n to o r g a n i z i n g i n A p p a l a c h i a . It w a s a g r e e d that f i nanc ia l he lp s h o u l d be g i v e n to B o b S m i d d l e to w o r k In K n o x v i l l e in o r d e r to d e t e r m i n e h o w r e a d i l y a v i a b l e o r g a n i z i n g p r o j e c t c o u l d be es tab l i shed In that a r e a . S o m e s u g ges ted that Renn le D a v i s a n d p o s s i b l y o t h e r s shou ld c o n s i d e r A p p a l a c h i a a s an a r e a in w h i c h to w o r k . Most of t h e staff felt that w o r k in A p p a l a c h i a at th is t i m e w a s p r e m a t u r e o r out of the q u e s t i o n fo r E R A P : that it w o u l d d r a i n l im i ted s taf f away f r o m v i t a l l y impor tan t w o r k i n the N o r t h and that o t h e r o r g a n i z a t i o n s s h o u l d develop a p r o g r a m In A p p a l a c h i a .

6 . D e m o c r a c y : It w a s a g r e e d that d e m o c r a c y Is s o m e t i m e s painfu l a n d that it c o m e s s l o w l y , but that f o r those w h o w a i t , it i s beau t i f u l .

F o r m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n on E R A P w r i t e t o :

R e n n i e D a v i s , D i r e c t o r E C O N O M I C R E S E A R C H A N D

A C T I O N P R O J E C T 1100 E Wash ing ton S t . , A n n A r b o r , M i c h .

J O I N T H E E R A P S T A F F T H I S S U M M E R

Southern ShdeJnt Oty&nizirq CommiHet

STUDENTS IN THE by E D H A M L E T T

( E d Hamlett is on the staff of S N C C , and now on loan to S S O C as a campus traveller. )

A new organization, the Southern Student Organizing Committee, has emerged in the South to work for Ha new order , a new South, a place which embodies our ideals for all the world to emulate, not r idicule."

Why S S O C ? Certainly a legitimate question. Suffice it to say that there is a need, that no other organization is meeting this need, and that those who formed S S O C feel that it must be met. Another group of students, these black, talked about needs in the spring of I960*. They discussed the problems of communication, coordination, and stimulation within their ranks and of the necessity of extending their concerns and goals for a new order to other students. Perhaps here much of the similarity between S N C C and S S O C ends. Those who organized S S O C emerged at a time when the sit-in movement was almost at an end. S N C C arose out of the sit-in movement, and by the time of the demise of the sit- ins, had largely moved on to other issues. The passage of the civil rights bill was imminent when S S O C got going. Most of the fifty students who gathered in Nashville In April of 1964 had been involved in direct action of one form or another; however, there were many others who were not there who had done absolutely nothing to relieve the sense of guilt which pervaded their consciences. It appeared that the civil rights bill might, in many cases, prevent their getting relief through direct action means. On the other hand, there were many more things to be done just in the area of civil rights, though these required a lot more work and thought than did the organizing of a picket line. And , there w e r e , of course, many broader issues beyond civil rights, but, before we look at these, let's go back to I960.

At the fall S N C C conference of I960 there w e r e , by actual count, twelve white southerners. They came out of curiosity, and some "never did anything ," as we say. Very few forces were operating to stimulate their involvement. Not many were willing to participate in sit-ins or on picket lines. Some of the organizations which were trying to get white students involved in the South were as follows: Southern Project NISA, through its southern human relations seminar; some state human relations councils made attempts to set up college dividions; and the Southern Conference Educational Fund ( S C E F ) which always had existed for the purpose of Involving more whites.

In keeping with this central purpose, S C E F , in September of 1961 made a grant of $5,000 to

SOUTH S N C C to be used In working with white students. Bob Zel lner, a m nister's son from Alabama, was selected to work for S N C C on white campuses. A few other white students, some of whom had been associated with the N S A seminar, w e r e active in and around S N C C and C O R E . There was limited activity by these and others at the University of T e x a s , at Florida State and at the University of North Carolina and Duke, with smatterings of interest and action in Nashville, Louisville, and New Orelans.

Zel lner , who was on the S D S National Council, was active in S N C C in many areas, but it was not until his second year on what became known as the white southern student project that he got to the campuses to any significant extent. One of his recruits for S N C C was Sam Sh i ran , another Alabama minister's son. When Bob went back to school in 1963, Sam took over . It is believed by many that the climate prior to 1963 in the South was such that few white southerners would dare to buck the system and face the social ostracism, the irate parents, and the rascist school administrations; but the horrible events of that summer along with a certain amount of thawing in the upper and border South brought changes. Negroes now became the "tokens" on the picket lines in many a reas .

Stimulated by the press and television coverage of atrocities, many students w e r e ripe for organization. Local student leaders emerged on white campuses as Negroes had in I960. Some of these in Nashville began talking among themselves. Why not set up an organization that would do the things that the coordinating "committee of S N C C had done in 1960-61. They talked with Sam Shirah and others and S S O C was born. At the Apri l S S O C meeting, the students from fifteen campuses in ten states who attended formulated a statement of purpose:

"We do hereby declare, as southern students from most of the Southern states, representing different economic, ethnic and religious backgrounds, growing from birthdays in the Depression years and the War y e a r s , that we will here take our stand in determination to build together a New South which brings democracy and justice for all its people."

And there were goals which had to do with these ideals—"full and equal opportunity for a l l . . . a n end

(cont. p 18) 7

DITD P O L I T I C A L E D U C A T I O N P R O J E C T

Dy JIM W I L L I A M S , P E P D i rec to r

The debate and discussion around P E P at this NC was exciting and st imulat ing, even though there w e r e a few rough spots. T h e P E P staff presented its campus p r o g r a m and presented a new community project based on coal i t ion-or iented theories of organizing as mandated by the P E P committee. In a panel before the p lenary s e s sion began, Steve Max outlined some of our ideas about the ro le of students as a minority political g r o u p , pointing out that the booming student population would give an enfranchised student body a hefty polit ical leverage. A new paper , F o r A New Coal i t ion, by Doug Ireland and Steve Max was distr ibuted in the work ing papers . T h i s dynamic new paper discusses specifically the needs and problems of the N e g r o -L a b o r - L i b e r a l coal i t ion. Another work ing paper p repared by P E P outlined a ser ies of long- and shor t - range legislative demands.

The P E P campus p rog ram passed by the N C consists of :

1. Organiz ing S D S support of the Mississippi Freedom Democrat ic P a r t y .

2 . Developing a major legislative issue to be decided upon by the P E P committee for a major campus p r o g r a m , e . g . , 18 year -o ld vote, f ree college education, C la r k Ful l -Employment b i l l , etc.

3. Continuing and expanding the P E P publishing p r o g r a m .

4 . Distr ibut ing information and analyses on legislative developments.

5. Developing c a m p u s p rog rams on other leg is lative issues, e . g . , Nelson Abolit ion of the Draft b i l l , McGovern Economic Convers ion for Peace b i l l , etc.

Oddly enough, there w e r e a couple of ex t reme-leftist attacks upon the P E P p rog ram by some people who called P E P ' s legislative demands "coffin nails in the caskets of the p o o r " and who charged the P E P staff wi th being "agents of the L ibe ra l Establishment on campus . "

In v iew of P E P ' s s t ra ined financial situation, the N C voted to loan P E P $500, as requested.

P E P ' s community project did not fa i r so w e l l . PBR as mandated, had investigated a number of possibi l i t ies for a p ro jec t , C a i r o , Illinois was found to be the scene of a rapidly developing

insurgent polit ical movement of poor Negroes and became the choice of the P E P staff to put forth at the N C . Southern Il l inois Un ive rs i t y S D S students had been wo rk ing since June in the Negro ghettoes, doing organizing of people on relief and laying the g roundwork for a prec.nc t -level political r e fo rm movement in A lexander County . T h e proposed project fel l into trouble when the N C f irst voted to consider C a i r o separately f rom the res t of the P E P p r o g r a m . The next day, the N C voted to consider C a i r o in a meeting of an "augmented" Economic Research and Act ion Pro jec t committee meet ing. Although the Ca i ro project was thr iv ing and had organized more poor than a major i ty of the other p ro jec ts , it w a s turned down and its request for a grant of $700 was re fused .

The P E P staff w a s disappointed that the m e m bers of the committee did not support the C a i r o project publicly to the extent that they supported it p r iva te ly .

P E P activity in the coming per iod should be exci t ing. Much activity w i l l be centered around the M F D P challenge and there w i l l be many things happening in the new Congress which w i l l be of importance to the left.

P E P mail ings go to the S D S work l i s t (who should make sure that other people in the chapter see t h e m ) . If you want to rece ive P E P m a i l ings yourse l f , drop a note to P E P , Room 309, 119 Fi f th Avenue , N V C 3 . Donations wi l l certainly be appreciated.

* * * » * * * * * * * * * * • • * * # * * » * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

AMAZING FACTS ABOUT PEP

P E P can help you in myster ious w a y s . P E P is your f r iend. P E P can tell you how many Negroes there a r e

in your Congressional D is t r i c t . P E P can tell you the election re tu rns in your

d is t r ic t . P E P can tell you about Right-wing part icipation

in the election in your a r e a . P E P can answer questions about the poverty b i l l . P E P can give you a guide to community polit ical

r e s e a r c h . P E P can give you new pape rs : The March on

F r a n k f o r t , Th i s is the War that I s . When the Southern Vote was Counted, Johnson With Eyes Open, and F o r a N e w Coal i t ion.

P E P can tell you how your congressman voted on the M F D P challenge and the Rules changes.

P E P can give you a picture of Eugene V . D e b s . P E P can send you a catalogue of polit ical and

labor f i lms.

8

omments on 1k N. C. by R E N N I E D A V I S

I t w a s at the December National Council meeting ^f last December that S D S undertook a commltt-r i r » o n t to a major organizing push in poor neighborl y <c>ods of the Nor th . Since then, the face of the ^jr-gantzation has been transformed. It is no longe r " that of an intellectual youth removed from the ^ ^ o r l d , dissatisfied with the old formulas and ans-^ . v v e r s but convinced v v e r s , but rather convinced that there are new jsg.olutions to be tested and worked out. T h e new f a c e is much more complex, much more strained ^ r t d uncertain. It is pointed many directions.

\ /V r . l l e S D S has retained its underlying concern f o r the student—for finding and developing student ir-sidicals and for organizing them to create a new f o r m of political influence in the country—it has en I so stimulated organization among a significant escrJult constituency who share many of the S D S v / s l u e s . "We" are no longer simply "students l o o k i n g uncomfortably to the world we are about t o inherit." We are also people with large fami l i e s , tied to a degrading job or welfare check,

dependent on the world that has been inherited and only beginning to understand the possibilities of changing it. In between the students and the organized poor, there is the full-time E R A P staff In these seven months, they have brought to S D S sobering ideas about what it means to work in communities and what it means to create democracy .

At the December N C , the E R A P staff raised fundamental questions about how the organization should function and make decisions about the community projects. Questions w e r e posed which seemingly had no answers—what does it mean to have community people "represented" on the NC? Does that mean that the N C is then the best body to make decisions about the community projects? Who "knows11 whether a project should be closed down or expanded? Suppose S D S members shared a common ideology but that It meant different things to different people? What would that mean for decision-making? T h e questions put to the N C by the staff seemed to strip the Council of

(cont. p 10)

RENT STRIKE LEADER

NEWARK RESIDENT ARRESTED 6cr*,a Brown , a Newark resident who has been on «» rent strike since July, was arrested on January €5* on trumped-up charges of assaulting her landl o r d , assaulting a police officer, and resisting a r -•"*'<& st . Mrs Brown was relea • " * ^ s t .

~ * ~ H e Newark Community Union Project (the S D S *-*r*-oject) had been supporting Mrs Brown's rent ^ * r * J k e since July and rallied to her defense. An ^ , r v*e rgency meeting of the groups program co <*Emergency meeting of the group's policy-making F = > o I l c y Co

^*«>->ergency meeting of the group's policy-making f==> rôgram Committee held the night of January 6 ^ ^ c i d e d to picket and sit-in at the Newark City l""~"*^ll to protest the arrest . Those plans w e r e ^^^-tspended, however, when Judge DelMauro, who ^ • ^ r a l g n e d Mrs B r o w n , warned that Is any direct ^•"^ Indirect threats were made against the landlord ^ V Mrs Brown or anyone associated with her he v"x''<<CHjld raise her ball so high that she couldn't get ° ^ t .

*~t-*e events that led to Mrs Brown's arrest began **•••"* December 30 when Ray Shustak, the landlord,

^ t > c e d Mrs B r o w n and her 5 children (the young-* * * * * . with a fever of 103°) out of her apartment and

^ d l o c k e d the door, locking all the famity's posses—

slons inside.

Ear ly on January 6 a "health inspector" came to the apartment in which M r s Brown was staying, upstairs from her own apartment, to "see If the place was overcrowded". T h e same "inspector" was overheard when he visited the building several days before to have said that he would have Mrs Brown either arrested or harmed on January 6 , Shortly after the inspector's visit Shustak came to the back door of the apartment w h e r e Mrs Brown was staying but she refused to let him in . A while later M r s Brown went downstairs to her apartment, from which a trucking f i rm, under orders from Shustak, had begun to remove her furniture, and took some of her belongings out. When she returned upstairs she found the apartment broken into and Shustak and several other men there. The men first arrested Mrs Brown and then pushed her to the floor, arguing about what to do with the children until she took them upstairs to a fr iend. The men then pushed Mrs Brown to the top of the sta i rs . A detective behind M r s Brown pushed her forward and she fell Into another detective who w a s standing in front of h e r , and the two of them fell down the sta i rs . The men dragged Mrs B r o w n the rest of the way to the police car and took her to jail where she was questioned for several hours before being r e leased on $1000 bai l .

. E T T E R S

)ear S D S e r FROM F 5 M

*he fight for f ree speech at Ca l i fo rn ia continues. 00 students face demoral izing and expensive - ia ls . They a re charged on three counts fn-luding resist ing a r r e s t , wh ich is a resul t of oing limp upon being a r r e s t e d . If a conviction 3 obtained on this cha rge , It could set a very nfortunate precedent for the ent i re c iv i l r ights novement.

Ve must not let the 800 stand alone nor be victimized by the power st ructure in o rde r to ; rush the student movement. In o r d e r to p r o -/Ide for the defense of the 800, the 'Free Speech Defense F u n d has been establ ished. The D e -ense F u n d is current ly asking for the formation >f campus-based support groups wh i ch wi l l do he following :

I) A r r a n g e meetings for discussion of Issues involved at Cali fornia and how they relate lo your campus. A tap© which w i l l explain the basic issues wi l l be ready soon . A l s o , F S M speakers wi l l be available on a limited basis . 2) Mobilize political support on the campus and In the community for a fair t r i a l . 3) Raise funds for defense.

Current ly available f rom the S D S Watlonai Office o r e : An L.P reco rd with on-the-spot coverage of F S M event* on one side and sat i r ica l songs wri t ten and recorded by F S M members on the other (# $ 3 . 9 5 ) . A "45 " E P r e c o r d with more satir ical song* (# $1.50). Si lk screened posters <C# $2 .00 ) . And Frm^ Speech buttons (@ $ .25 ) .

ff you are Interetst«»d In forming a support group on your campwt, request more information f rom: F ree Speech Defense F u n d , attention Ed Roênfeld, Box 44©, Berkeley I , Ca l i fo rn ia .

Fraternal ly y o u r s ,

S T EVE; W E I S S M A N F S M Steering Committee and S D S mull

M A R T I N R O Y S H E R F S M Steering Committee «nd S O S mtxmbur

CoMMtnts on the N.C. • m *

i s -its capac i ty to make decisions on most of t n ® e

sues b e f o r e i t , if fo r no other r eason t h a n . time a l lo t ted fo r the conference w a s eaten " f

discuss ions about how to decide. A t the e n ^ ^ the meet ing t people recal led that T o m Hay***" asked e a r l i e r : suppose that the N C met fo r * * o U r

days and a t the end of that time It had d e c i d e d n o thing w o u l d that mean that the meeting h a d b e e n unsuccessfu l?

Of c o u r s e t h e r e w e r e different opinions a b o u t t h e meeting's s u c c e s s . Those who came b e c a u s e they w a n t e d the i r part icular problem s o l v e d o r demands m e t w e r e f rust ra ted. Many w e r e a l t o gether I g n o r e d . Those who were coming t o a n S D S mee t i ng for the first time found m u c h o f t h e discussion Incomprehensib le. Those who w a n t e d to d iscuss honest ly and searchingly their c o m m u n ity wo rk f o u n d the forum too large and m o s t o f the m e m b e r s inexperienced or unaccustomed t o the same p r o b l e m s .

But a substant ia l number saw the meeting in l a r ger te rms.— S D S has an organizational s t r u c t u r e that is ou tmoded by its new size and r a n g e o f prob lems; that i s , the cause of our o r g a n i z a t i o n a l c r is is is g o o d . S D S provides a fo rum f o r p e o ple in the movement whether they be on the c a m pus or in t he community to discuss their w o r k and to s h a r e ideas and that forum may be b e c o m -ming more Important than the " o r g a n i z a t i o n " . A n important deba te has begun that is far m o r e s e r ious to peop le than ever before as to how w e should use S D S as an instrument for soc ia l change.

The l5sues r a i s e d by the N C meeting shou ld c o n tinue to Do d iscussed in the organization a n d should be c a r r i e d with new clari ty Into the June convention . Tha t is the only conclusion to b e drawn at this* t ime.

fsiOW AVA1L.ASL.E F R O M T H E S D S N A T I O N A L . O F F I C E

J. "The Berkeley F^r^ta Speech Controv e r s y " , a documentary history and an &nm\y%\%. by E r i c t_evin#, Berke ley S D S . J$<.

2 . "Thoughts on Berke ley" by Raul Goodman. Reprinted from the Mew York Review of Books . I0£

3 . " A Strategy for Universi ty Re fo rm" by Paul Booth. I0£

4 . 2'x3« Fr&m Speech Movement Ros ie r .$2

5. F S M L P r e c o r d with songs and documentary. $3.95

6 . F S M "4 .5" of satir ical songs. $1.50

7. F r e e S p e e c h Buttons f rom Be rke l ey . 25c

8 . S O S ' s *'Av F r e e Universi ty in a F r e e Society" b u t t o n . |0£

(A i l prof i ts o n 4 , 5 , 6 , & 7 go to the F S M Defense F u n d . J

10

PREP DEFENDED b y T O D D G I T L I N

T h e following is an answer to the article by Steve Johnson that appeared in the last Bulletin.

Dear Steve ,

You see three goals for a "frutiful program for P R E P " :

" ( I ) It would put top priority on the achievement of rea l disarmament, as the only international arrangement where the national security of each country is protected without the need for retaining armaments,

" ( 2 ) P R E P would give top priority to the job of converting student attitudes on disarmament. Almost all students today accept the cold w a r , being blind to any alternative. Converting them means teaching them to see that disarmament is the practical alternative, which they can work for .

" ( 3 ) P R E P would give top priority to organizing dynamic student groups, in which being a member requires being a leader and recruiting and training others to become leaders."

F o r simplicity's sake I'll take these up one at a time .

( I ) I think none of us in S D S are deluded into thinking that the test-ban and resulting partial detente have eradicated the danger of nuclear w a r ; I think we would further agree that disarmament should be a primary aim of U . S . foreign policy. We see disarmament as urgent in its own right and also important for the f reeing of funds for a good society at home. This is not simply a personal judgment; it is set out in some detail in The Port Huron Statement.

T h e disagreement would come in determining how disarmament can be achieved. You say that cold war coalitions "will retain their public support undiminished until we can convince the public that it is possible to have the national security protected without a r m s . " You indicate that "the root assumption" blocking disarmament is "that national security must be protected with armaments ." The implication is that attitudes toward arms in the undifferentiated "public" must be regeared before disarmament is possible. If that be the case, I fear disarmament is impossible; at the least, a long long time off. T h e only case | know of in which widespread change «n public attitudes took place \n a short period of

time and resulted in political change in recent America is the case of the prohibitionist movement, and there Is even some uncertainty as to the significance of attitude change (as against strategic application of resources in lobbying, e tc . ) in that case . The approach of Weltanschauung change is that of "long twilight struggle." Moreover , it is not clear to me that attitude change need be as apocalyptic, as total as you indicate, to make disarmament possible. T h e r e is considerable evidence that the faits accomplis of Administrations have a good deal to do with the constellation of public opinion. T o take one interesting example, national polls were taken before and after the American decision to intervene in the Greek civil w a r in 1947. Before the decision, a sample was asked , " A r e you in favor of American involvement in the Greek war?" About two-thirds were opposed. After T r u m a n began shipping arms to G r e e c e , a similar sample was asked, " A r e you in favor of President Truman's decision to support the royalists in Greece?" Two-thirds w e r e in favor—a complete flip-flop. Similar results, though not such pat ones, have been obtained In polls on Amer ican attitudes toward Lend-Lease in 1940 and toward intervention In Korea in 1950, Administration policy is always influential, and It can be dec i sive. Much depends on the w a y It is p romul gated and publicized.

T r u e , Administration faits accomplis a re influential with regard to public opinion on attitudes, not belief-systems. But one cannot pursue a strategy for converting belief-systems. In any event, public opinion on disarmament, the test ban, etc. is pacific and favorable. What remains is for government to take advantage of it by pursuing the indicated policy. Since the U . S . government (among others) has not heeded public opinion, one must conclude that public opinion, even belief systems, are not decisive in bringing about disarmament. Something more is requ i red . I simply do not believe that the Administration is hamstrung by public opinion, in short .

T o whatever extent it wants disarmament, the Administration is blocked by institutional interests and inertias. These include primarily the v a r i ous tentacles of the military-industrial complex on one level; on another, the interests of N A T O powers in perpetuating the myth of Soviet threat in Europe; on another, the a rms r a c e ; on still another, widespread misconceptions of the role of a United States beleaguered by revo lu tions in underdeveloped countries. P R E P p r o gram is founded on the notion that w e can best apply our own limited resources In behalf of disarmament by organizing and educating around two levels of these institutional b a r r i e r s : the areas of American involvement in the third wor ld , and conversion.

PREr. . . The T h i r d Wor l d . I'm generally sympathetic to your r emarks to the effect that there is more to the problems of the T h i r d Wor ld than Amer ican interventiontsm pure and simple. I agree also that "as far as the countr ies of the T h i r d Wor ld are concerned, the largest problem is to lift themselves up f rom deep pove r t y . " But I c a n not agree that " T h e major outside drag on their economic p rogress is not something s imple, l ike Amer ican interventionists. It is bigger than that; it is the process of cold wa r between West and Eas t , as it is being fought out in many T h i r d Wor ld coun t r ies . " Insurgency amidst pover ty , as In South Vietnam, would happen regardless of the la rger Cold W a r . It is made more dangerous by the Cold W a r , but the most effective and compelling argument against Amer ican i n volvement in such situations may not be that i n volvement is bad because it is t ied up with the Cold W a r , but rather that it is a bad (dangerous) self-defeating way to prosecute the Cold War . What is wrong with interventionism is not that it "sows the seeds for civi l w a r s " ; such civi l w a r s may be to the advantage of the countries conce rned , and in any case they cannot be avoided given the course of Amer ican interventionism— perhaps they cannot be avoided at a l l .

•The fact remains that the economic interests of the have and have-not countries may not even coincide in the long r u n . T rade policies are at least as important as great power politics in stultifying development In the T h i r d Wor ld . Whatever the complexities of the situation, U . S . po l icy , whichever way It t u rns , w i l l be heavily responsible for the future of those countr ies. T h u s , t r ue , the issue is broader than Amer ican interventionism: it Is the total ro le of Amer ica in the underdeveloped countr ies. In o rder to educate on this issue, we need to have a p r o gram for the Amer ican ro le ; I could not agree more emphatically about that. Working on this Is one of P R E P ' s major functions in the coming year .

The connection of this function wi th the achievement of disarmament should be p la in . A s long as the United States sees itself as wo r l d pol iceman, disarmament is impossible; indeed, if Amer ican policy continues along present l ines, we can fear the growth of an embattled gar r ison -state mentality that bodes ill for the prospects of domestic democracy. Thus education to these considerations is of direct Importance for disarmament. And the recruitment of the hypothesized "bur ied academics" to do research and wri t ing for P R E P on lines professionally familiar to them promises to create new lines of attachment between "exper ts " and political activists, with Important implications for any developing Left in Amer i ca .

If I was emphatic in my derogation of "general education" to disarmament above, why do I want P R E P to educate widely about Amer ican policy In the T h i r d World? Changing specific attitudes

is qualitatively eas ier than re-or ien t ing entire \ bel ie f -systems. Second , I bel ieve these attitud^ changes are more u rgen t , s ince public opinion \ is a l ready general ly favorable to disarmament-..l

despite Us attachment to the C o l d War . Third, the unadorned facts themselves about U . S . involvement, actual and potent ial , speak a great deal about po l icy ; opinion in this realm tends to '< f low direct ly f rom knowledge.

Convers ion . Of c o u r s e , a convers ion organizing effort must spell out the dangers of the a rms budget. But I think convers ion pro jects also assume that any concrete demonstration that the economy can afford d isarmament, by lessening di rect- interest attachments to the a rms economy, contr ibutes noticeably to the to lerance of people for disarmament. The point is most powerful ly made—as In Nor th B a y , On ta r i o , last summer— when the two points are argued In tandem, but attitude-change is unlikely as long as interests are directly tied to the a rms r a c e .

I don't think anyone regards convers ion as a sufficient condition for disarmament; only as a necessary condit ion, and one that we are in a position to help a long. We need to continue f raternal support of peace groups that a re a r g u ing the superfluity of a r m s , but the fact of the matter is that no one else is organizing for c o n ve rs ion . The job fails to u s .

Social processes have a way of work ing In chain react ions. Any demonstration that the defense budget Is not sacred contr ibutes heavi ly to the undermining of the power of the m i l i t a r y -industr ial combine—as heavi ly, that I s , as we a re al lowed to contr ibute—for It a l lows defense allocations to be determined on their me r i t s , and there our arguments are s t rong .

The draf t . The draft was seen as a good issue for P R E P because of its potential for "br inging the cold w a r home" to students, for illuminating the connections between the cold w a r and domestic l ife, indications are that its potential was highly overstated, and correspondingly the Issue Is being downgraded In P R E P p r i o r i t i es .

" A Neglected Issue—The Stall In Geneva . " I have Indicated that this Is not an autonomous Issue as are Amer ican Involvements In the T h i r d Wor ld and the sanctity of the mil i tary economy; it is ra ther ( f rom the Amer ican point of v iew) a reflection of the institutional b a r r i e r s to ser ious consideration of disarmament. That is why "there Is no mention of the Geneva disarmament negotiations in the P R E P p r o g r a m . " (Which Is not to say that P R E P should not have art ana lysis of the current disarmament situation. We should, and I'd like you to wr i te i t . ) T r u e , "there is no suggestion that the stall In Geneva could be made an issue for students today." That is because It cannot be . A n d , as i think I've explained above, I would ra ther build con stituency " f rom the ground up " on the issue of Amer ican Interventionism and ro le than on the issue of stall In Geneva.

12

PREP. " ^ u accuse PREP of having no strategy. We

i « t , ^ 0 t h a v e a strategy sufficient in depth to f & v J S f y " n y o n e » although I think we are groping I t < ^ o

a r % c l i t # B u t how does "the stall in Geneva" ^ t r 0 r n e a n l s s«e capable of galvanizing large or

^ t e g i c numbers of students (or anyone) to U | o k e ac*ivity designed to bring the world C7f S e p to disarmament? Isn't one lesson of the j ^>^s t several years that a peace movement cannot t h r , V e on issues like test-bans and disarmament? f 53 disarmament thwarted because of public o p i n i o n ? No. Saying that disarmament Is i n n p o r t a n t is one thing; forging a strategy that o r g a n i z e s people around it, gives them useful t a s k s along the way, maintains organization in tt~t@ f a c e of tokenism, is something else again. E v e r y o n e is for the Good, but not everything t l - ^ ^ t ' s Good can be organized for in sustained, c o h e r e n t , expansible ways.

< 2 ) Y o u ask why the budding detente destroyed t f - * « student peace proto-movement, and answer •»tf-»€it nobody was converting the members, nob o d y w a s convincing them that larger problems o f t h e cold war also were issues, nobody was c o n v i n c i n g them that there is an alternative to the G o l d w a r . Having basically accepted the cold xsss&v 9 they were easily satisfied by government I n i t i a t i v e s anf next-step tokenism." You insist tl*>«Kt campus peace groups must be built on long-r-~<k_»n concerns—specifically, ending the cold w a r -i n o r d e r to survive changes in government policy.

Q u t because you have no strategy for the attain-n n e n t of disarmament, you have no way of s t r - t - t c tu r ing a campus peace group to insure s t r e n g t h and longevity. Saying "individual r ^^spons ib i l i t y " is not enough; there still must be t h i n g s to do, things whose direct importance or t a n g i b l e immediacy are apparent. But you prot e o s e r»o such projects, and I find it hard to do ^ o myse l f . Can you design projects for people t l ^ a t contribute perceptibly to disarmament, other tt~»ain conversion organizing and Third World edu-C a t i o n ? Can you design ones that produce t a n g i b l e results, that identify enemies, that enh a n c e group identity, beside conversion organJz-

h g bank sit-ins, and other projects PREP is ^ r -»cis iSe c ' 'n? " y(Ai coui<ii there would be some-^ H l n g more to talk about. It is precisely because R > e o p l e ' s motives are so fragile in peace activity

t j - ^^ t projects must be carefully designed. Peace 9 r o u p s o n campus have collapsed for lack of sss^ct"* projects.

Is^, n e of which is intended to deny that long-range K> j -spect ive is crucial for any campus group, «=> I^rntecf to peace, university reform, or any «2>*t-i^*~ radical o ° i e c t i v e ' AnV campus campaign f & change In U .S . role in the Third World,

kS3 I n s t the draft, for campus conversion must

o f T i e point indicate and lead to the overarching «J? & o r n e point indicate ^ i t e x t of ending the cold war and achieving ^sT &r-mamer\i. When and how this context is made

plain is a tactical consideration about which nothing general can be said. But in underscoring this point you have contributed a valuable reminder, to ERAP and SDS program generally as well as to PREP.

(3) Finally, there is the matter of what kind of groups we seek to set up on campus. For one thing, you assume that PREP should want to set up peace-only groups; but this is an assumption that seems to me contrary to the lessons of the past four years, contrary too to the lessons of Tocsin »(b. I960, d. 1964)". The peace issue Is not independent of other issues; moreover, it is more Vulnerable to desensitizing influences than others. Regardless of organization structure, very few of the active peace groups of the early '60's have come through unscathed.

Even If it were PREP's object to set up peace groups of the traditional sort, however, I wonder to what extent the "member ship-as-leadership" notion ever pervaded Tocsin to the extent you imply it did. Maybe you ne\/&r heard the phrase because it wasn't operative. I doubt that it was ever far more than some semi-noticed rhetoric. All of which is a shame, but not one that a national organization can do much about.

Maybe the only thing I can conclude from all this Is that you have not, it seems to me, come forward with a strategy to convert a set of Issuers Into viable organizations. I'm not, on the other hand, convinced that we now have such a strategy, or even the resources to make one good. I would hope that you contribute to this groping. For if anything is true of any strategy, it is that in order even to be fairly tested it needs the plowing, the sowing, the watering that you talk about.

For more information on PREP write to:

Todd Gitlin and Paul Booth, Coordinators PEACE RESEARCH AND

EDUCATION PROJECT 1100 E. Washington St . , Ann Arbor, Mich.

Interested in conversion? Subscribe to :

CONVERSION REPORT

Published monthly by:

Boston PREP 144a Mt Auburn St. Cambridge, Mass

Price: $2.50 per year

13

Souih Al nca• • . N e w Y o r k ' s f inancia l d i s t r i c t . T h e date f o r th is ac t ion w i l l be F r i d a y , M a r c h 1 9 , t w o days b e f o r e the f i f th a n n i v e r s a r y of the S h a r p e v H I e m a s s a c r e .

T r a d i t i o n a l l y , A m e r i c a n p r o t e s t s against a p a r t h e i d have b e e n content w i t h c o n d e m n a t i o n of the V e r -w o e l d r e g i m e . T h e y have le f t t h e I m p r e s s i o n that a p a r t h e i d is a s y s t e m " w a y off t he re o v e r the o c e a n " t r a t h e r than a s y s t e m t i e d to h idden A m e r i c a n a n d B r i t i s h i n t e r e s t s , w i t h U . S . f inanc ia l ins t i tu t ions p r o v i d i n g essen t i a l s u p p o r t f o r the s o c ial s y s t e m that ins t i tu t iona l i zes t h e b ru ta l i t y of S h a r p e v i l l e . T h e S D S a c t i o n aga ins t C h a s e Manha t tan i s d i r e c t e d at e x p o s i n g those p r i v a t e and p o w e r f u l f inanc ia l i n t e r e s t s w h o s e o p e r a t i o n s typ i fy " t h e h ighe r i m m o r a l i t y " . A n d on the same d a y , S D S c h a p t e r s w i l l d e m o n s t r a t e at home and b r a n c h o f f i ces of o t h e r c o r p o r a t i o n s that invest in S o u t h A f r i c a .

T h e r o l e of U . S . c o r p o r a t i o n s a n d f inanc ia l i n s t i tu t ions in the S o u t h A f r i c a n e c o n o m y is g r e a t , and has been p a r t i c u l a r l y s i g n i f i c a n t , p e r h a p s d e c i s i v e , in main ta in ing the S o u t h A f r i c a n r e g i m e s i n c e I 9 6 0 . A f t e r the S h a r p e v i l l e m a s s a c r e of M a r c h , I 9 6 0 , the subsequen t d e c l a r a t i o n of i n d e p e n d e n c e of the R e p u b l i c of S o u t h A f r i c a , and S o u t h A f r i c a ' s dec i s i on to g o off the pound s t e r l i n g , f o r e i g n cap i ta l began to f l e e the c o u n t r y . It l ooked f o r a w h i l e in 1961 a s if the economy w a s on the v e r g e of c o i r a p s e . B u t the Un i t ed S ta tes c a m e to the r e s c u e . T h e U . S . G o v e r n m e n t o f f e r e d to he lp in the f o r m of a n e w A t o m i c E n e r g y C o m m i s s i o n s i x - y e a r c o n t r a c t f o r S o u t h A f r i c a n u r a n i u m , i m p r o v i n g the R e p u b l i c ' s t r a d e b a l a n c e . E q u a l l y s ign i f i can t , the e igh ty U . S . compan ies w i t h i nves tmen ts in S o u t h A f r i c a i n c r e a s e d the i r i n ves tmen ts in 1961 a lone by $ 2 3 m i l l i o n . A n d $ 1 5 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 In do l l a r loans w a s ex tended to the S o u t h A f r i c a n g o v e r n m e n t f r o m U . S . - d o m i n a t e d

f inanc ia l ins t i tu t ions ( $ 3 8 m i l l i o n , i n t e r n a t i o n a l M o n e t a r y F u n d ; $28 m i l l i o n , W o r l d B a n k a n d (ts a f f i l i a t e s ) , f r o m U . S . l e n d e r s not p u b l i c l y I d e n t i f ied ($70 m i l l i o n ) , a n d f r o m t w o m a j o r U . S . b a n k s : $5 m i l l i on f r o m t h e F i r s t N a t i o n a l C i t y B a n k of N e w Y o r k , a n d $10 m i l l i o n f r o m t h e C h a s e Manha t tan B a n k .

S i n c e 1961 th is p a t t e r n o f U . S . b a i l i n g - o u t o f the Sou th A f r i c a n e c o n o m y h a s c o n t i n u e d u n a b a t e d . W h e r e t h e r e w e r e i n I 9 6 0 e igh ty U . S . c o r p o r at ions w i t h i n v e s t m e n t s i n S o u t h A f r i c a , t h e r e a r e n o w at least 160, I n c l u d i n g m a n y c o r p o r a t e g i a n t s ( G e n e r a l M o t o r s , F o r d , C h r y s l e r , F i r e s t o n e , G o o d y e a r , A r m s t r o n g , E a s t m a n K o d a k , D o w C h e m i c a l , R e x a i l . R e p s i - C o l a , O l i n - M a t h i e s o n , e t c . ) . In 1963, e l e v e n U . S . b a n k s ( C h a s e M a n h a t t a n , F i r s t N a t i o n a l C i t y , and n ine o t h e r s not pub l i c l y Ident i f ied) e x t e n d e d $40 m i l l i on i n r e v o l v ing c r e d i t to the S o u t h A f r i c a n T r e a s u r y . R e vo lv ing c r e d i t a m o u n t s t o a loan that i s a u t o m a t i c a l ly r e - l e n t af ter t he p r i n c i p a l i s r e p a i d — e x c e p t f o r the ( l o w ) i n t e r e s t , " r e v o l v i n g c r e d i t " i s t a n t amount to a g r a n t .

In s h o r t , both U . S . b a t n k s and U . S . c o r p o r a t i o n s have been Inf luent ia l i n u n d e r w r i t i n g A p a r t h e i d I n the past s e v e r a l y e a r s . U n f o r t u n a t e l y , v i r t u a l l y no pub l ic at tent ion h a s b e e n d r a w n to t h e s e " p r i va te I n i t i a t i v e s . " ' T h e U . S . g o v e r n m e n t h a s , if a n y t h i n g , e n c o u r a g e d t h e s e loans and i n v e s t m e n t s .

O n J a n u a r y 13 t h e D i r e c t o r s of the C h a s e Manhat tan B a n k r a i s e d the q u a r t e r l y d i v i d e n d f r o m 47.5<* to 50<£ a s h a r e . T h e " C h a s e " , w h o s e $13 b i l l i o n o f a s s e t s make it the l a r gest bank in N e w V o r k , r e p o r t e d 1964 e a r n ings of $84 .7 m i l l i o n , , o r $ 4 . 0 4 a s h a r e , u p 8 .9% f r o m $ 7 7 . 8 m i l l i o n , o r $3 .71 a s h a r e In 1963.

Vietn am V i e t n a m e s e c iv i l w a r . T h e M a r c h , set f o r S a t u r d a y , A p r i l 17, w i l l c o i n c i d e w i t h student E a s t e r vaca t i ons and i s e x p e c t e d to b r i n g s e v e r a l thousand students to W a s h i n g t o n .

T h e theme of the M a r c h w i l l b e the expos i t ion of the u n d e r l y i n g and bas i c q u e s t i o n s of the w a r , s u c h a s w h o is f ight ing w h o m a n d w h y . A n d the e x t e n s i v e c a m p u s p r e p a r a t i o n s a n d p u b l i c a t ions lead ing up to the M a r c h w i l l emphas ize the fac ts that the w a r i s p r o d u c i n g u n t o l d i n j u ry to V i e t n a m , that o u r p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n that w a r i n j u r e s A m e r i c a n s at home b y c r e a t i n g &^ a t m o s p h e r e in w h i c h the g o v e r n m e n t cont inual ly

l ies to the pub l i c anzt d e c i s i o n mak ing b e c o m e s f a r t h e r r e m o v e d f r o m p u b l i c c o n t r o l , and t h a t t h e t ime h a s com*? fo r a l l o f u s to s tand up a n d speak o u t .

S D S is ac t ive ly s o l i c i t i n g e n d o r s e m e n t s of t h e M a r c h f r o m al l I n t e r e s t e d o rgan i za t i ons a n d i n d i v i d u a l s . Nego t ia t i ons . a r - e being c a r r i e d o n w i t h the Washington P o l i c e t o w a r d the end of h a v i n g the M a r c h d i r e c t e d m t h e Cap i ta l b u i l d i n g , r a t h e r than W l l l a r d F i l m o r e ' s . g r a v e o r some o t h e r n o n desc r i p t Wash ing ton l a n d m a r k . P r e s e n t p l a n s ca l l fo r the- p r o d u c t i o n 0 I a M a r c h ca l l a n d t he m a s s i v e p r o d u c t i o n of l e a f l e t s fo r c a m p u s d l s t r l bu t i on . G r a n t s a r e l>e#ng so l i c i ted to s u b s i d i s e " bus t r a n s p o r t a t i o n t o W a s h i n g t o n .

14

/NATLCOUNCU— / stons—the problems and hang-ups must also be / sorted out. F o r it is in the growing pains of

the organization that its essence is revealed.

To begin with, there was a trilogy of problems which 1 will call procedural . T h e first was simply the problem of size. T h e r e is no doubt that the size of the meeting (equal to that of our last National Convention) made it unwieldy. Is ft really possible to discuss all the concerns of several hundred articulate and diverse people In four days? Is there , in fact, any point at all to a meeting of this size? The second problem was that of how sessions should be conducted. Some delegates, deeply influenced by their experiences in S N C C and in community w o r k , felt that what we had to do was sit down and talk things out, regardless of how long that might take. The question was ra ised, "Suppose we rush through the debate and "decide" to do something by a vote of 36 to 33 . Will we really have decided anything?" O r , "Suppose we leave here without voting on a single thing. Will the meeting then be said to have been a failure?" Opposed to this v iew were other delegates who saw the National Council as the executive committee of the organization which had a vast number of problems to be dealt with in only a few days, and this could only be accomplished by the body exercising self-discipline and by the use of formal p r o cedures. But this dispute between the "Hla-busterers" and the "formalists" was not resolved, and the meeting limped along under a combination of both. The third problem is that found in any membership organization with a large staff, namely, that the staff represents a more or less coherent body which discusses the problems daily, formulates the problems from its own point of v iew, and is able to speak about those problems in a more articulate and informed manner. In the case of our own organization, the staff of our community projects injected their own concerns into the meeting to the extent that many important campus issues, such as educational conferences and publications, were ne\/er really discussed by the whole body. And for their par t , the chapter delegates (most of whom had never met one another before) did not present their concerns forcefully.

After the "procedural" problems, there were what w e might loosely refer to as "political" problems. These problems centered mainly about the programs of E R A P and the Political Education Project ( P E P ) . T h e E R A P staff came to this N C hoping to have a number of very thorny problems resolved. F o r example, Is the E R A P program already spread too thin, and should we regroup and concentrate our staff and resources on two or three of the more successful projects? Should we adopt a state-wide concept of organization and attempt a project In the North like the S N C C Mississippi project? Which of the new projects asking to be affiliated with the E R A P program should be Incorporated? At what point can or should the national organization

judge a community project to be a failure and close it down? But important as these questions w e r e , discussion of them was subsumed by the larger question of whether the National Council was the proper body to make these decisions. After al l , how can a body composed of campus delegates make intelligent decisions about a situation in which they are not intimately Involved? And should theyT" T h e r e are no community r e p r e

sentatives voting In the N C . Is this participatory democracy? It w a s for reasons such as these (and the press of time) which dictated the decision to transfer these questions to an "augmented" E R A P comrrlttee (which met for three days following the N C ) .

The Political Education Project , S D S ' s non-tax-exempt political action a r m , presented another set of problems, for Inherent In any political action project Is the question of "whose politics?" The P E P staff presented to the N C 1) a p r o posal for a P E P community project in C a i r o , I I I . , and 2) a national program with emphasis on the development of campus programs around progressive legislation. T h e body decided to transfer consideration of the proposed community project to the augmented E R A P committee, where it was subsequently decided not to take the project on ( I . e . , not assume responsibility for staffing and financing i t ) . And in place of the original national program, Rennle Davis (Director of E R A P ) proposed an alternative program which would shift the emphasis to the MR D P challenge, community directed^research, and one particular legislative proposal (to be selected by P E P ) . By a rather close vote, the body opted for the Davis proposal. But the debate and vote tended to reflect also the organization's still unresolved approach to electoral politics. And opinion in the organization still ranges from those who would like to see P E P abolished to those who feel the P E P p r o gram for a new coalition to be the only "objectively" radical program.

Finally there were two non-descript problems after the "procedural" and "political" ones. The first concerns S D S ' s relations with the rest of the American left. The debate over whether our March on Washington should have co-sponsors brought up the old question of how can w e maintain our traditional position of openness to all sectors of the left, but avoid having the March destroyed or rendered ineffective by too close association with sectarian left-wing groups. The second was that of where the National Office should be located. Those favoring the mid-West stressed the need of making the office more accessible to the whole membership and getting away from New Y o r k , a center of "old left" activity, while those favoring N e w York stressed

c T n t l T Tl G ° t h a m , S '"*">« *" org.nte.tlon.1 center of the country.

Imagine now all the foregoing problems being debated simultaneously and you have captured the essence of the National Council meeting.

IS

F5M. . . November 28 for actions allegedly committed on October I and 2 , the active support for the F S M expanded great ly , especially among the graduate students. The Graduate Coordinating Committee and the departmental meetings of teaching ass is tants cal led for a s t r ike F r i d a y , December 4 . Meanwhi le, the F S M called for a s i t - in in S p r o u l H a l l . Over 800 students we re wil l ing to act as f ront- l ine troops in the dispute.

Approximately 15,000 students stayed out of c l a s s es f rom Thursday through Monday to protest the use of police on campus and the support the F S M cause.

It is h a r d to over-estimate the depth of the Impact of the f ree speech controversy on the Berke ley campus. It seems clear that over half of the entire student body has played a ro le in support of the F S M at one time or another, from attending ra l l ies , str ik ing and signing petit ions, to leaf letting and other chores . A telephone survey of 5000 students randomly selected dur ing the weekend following the a r res ts of the 800, showed 55% of the students p r o - F S M and wi l l ing to s t r i ke .

Along wi th the impressive numbers who ra l l ied to the F S M banner came evidence of deep comrrttment f rom a smaller c i rc le of over a thousand students. Ar rang ing meetings, wr i t ing and distributing leaflets, and manning telephones absorbed the attentions of an army of students, mostly independents; at crucia l t imes, several so ro r i t i es pitched in with needed womanpower .

Another indication of student support is the vast amount of money ra ised during ra l l i es . These funds enabled the F S M to publicize its position in leaflets and newslet ters , to rent loud speake rs , and to h i re meeting hal ls. Severa l hundred do l lars we re ra ised at var ious benefit p e r fo rmances . But the bulk of the money ra ised direct ly f rom among students, faculty, and Un ivers i ty employees. At the October 1-2 demonstrat ion, following the suspensions of the eight and the a r res t of Jack Weinberg, over $800 was col lected. Money was also sent f rom other college campuses. In a l l , over $2,000 was contr ibuted by students.

Seve ra l factors contributed to the broad student support for the F S M . F i r s t , the free speech issue itself aroused sympathy; the Administrat ion w a s unable to present a coherent justification for its regulations and the F S M position was a c lear l ibertar ian one which could be easily g r a s p e d . P r e s s coverage, which tended to paint a picture of a small group of rebels c h a l lenging authori ty, muddied the issues in the publ ic mind ; but it only re in forced the commitment of students who attended ra l l ies and saw for themselves the disparit ies between the press and Adminis t rat ion viewpoints and the actual course of even ts .

A rtfajor factor drawing student support was the repeated Administrat ion response to the student p ro tes t : disciplining leaders . Nothing united the students more than the act ions of. the . A d ministration—suspending the eight students, o rde r ing a r r e s t s , and then after expl ici t and official

. faculty repudiation of this c o u r s e , p re fe r r i ng new charges against leaders for acts allegedly c o m mitted two months ea r l i e r .

Given all these fac to rs , h o w e v e r , the F S M would never have sustained and enlarged the base of its support w e r e it not for the dedication of the leaders to keep the campus informed of F S M policy and to reach policy decisions by as democrat ic a procedure as possib le.

A continuous st ream of F S M l i terature outl ined the demands and tactics p lanned. It w a s , f u r t he rmore , common knowledge, that the F S M was making frequent over tures to important adm n i s -t ra to rs towards setting up talks on the i ssue , and that these attempts w e r e not getting v e r y far . Hard ly a week passed without severa l Informal meetings and telephone conversat ions with important members of the Admin is t ra t ion— in each case initiated by members of the F S M . At one point, several "moderate" F S M members actually met with President K e r r and thought they had reached a compromise agreement, only to learn the following day that the President had changed his m ind .

Dur ing several major ra l l i es , the F S M ' s c o m mitment to democrat ic p rocedure was ev ident . On these occasions, extensive discussion about options open to the F S M took place r ight at the ra l ly and a voice vote decided the issue. F o r instance, on November 20 , severa l thousand students assembled across the street f rom the Regents meeting, learned of the Regents' dec i s ion: the ru les would be somewhat l ibera l i zed , but the Administrat ion would stil l judge whether speech were " lega l " and there would be fur ther discipl inary action against the F S M . A segment of the leadership favored an immediate s i t - i n . The majori ty of the students agreed with the p o s i tion of Mario S a v i o , that such a move was inappropr ia te at that t ime; and the meeting adjourned for the weekend.

Since the press has often minimized the student support for the F S M cause, it should be pointed out here that for a long wh i l e , faculty and a d ministrat ion also failed to see how extensive and intensive the student feelings w e r e . A major turning point for the faculty came when hundreds of their brightest students w e r e ar res ted on December 3 - 4 , and when a major i ty of their teaching assistants (90% in the Humanities and Social Sciences) went on st r ike over the i ssue . A t this w r i t i ng , however , some members of the Administrat ion continue to believe that the f ree speech controversy involves only a handful of

I"disrupt ive e lements , " and t rust that the dispute wi l l end if these people are eliminated f rom the schoo l .

16

F5M. . . The organization of the graduate students and their entrance Into the policy-making of the F r e e Speech Movement marked a turning point In the course of the movement. T h e graduate students w e r e among the most experienced and sophisticated members of the F S M and tended to raise the level of the discussions within the F S M . Fur thermore , they were able to call on vast resources of intelligent and hard-working co l leagues who had some leverage—the teaching assistants.

Until the free speech controversy, graduate students were unorganized. They were disfranchised from the Student Government ( A S U C ) in 1959. A few unsuccessful attempts were made during the following years to set up a Graduate Student Association but by the onset of the fall semester 1964, the organization no longer existed.

After the October 2 crisis, the graduate students set up the Graduate Coordinating Council consisting of two elected members from each department. Immediately, the G C C elected seven delegates to the F S M Executive Committee. As the dispute continued, graduates began to take the initiative. They felt deeply about the free speech issue, and especially feared the effect the restrictions on advocacy might have on the civil rights movement in the Bay A r e a . Graduate students were not convinced that F S M members practiced the right tactics, but they were per suaded of the justice of the F S M aims, and as sumed they would have an important influence in F S M councils. This assumption was borne out.

The entry of the graduate students into the Executive Committee of the F S M paralleled an increasing amount of graduate participation in rallies and in the administrative running of the movement, especially in writing literature and handling informal faculty and Administration contacts. Though most graduate students tended to leave direct action to younger quarters, over 20% of the eight hundred students arrested December 3 in Sproul Hall were graduates. As F S M sympathies among graduate students grew, the tactic of a strike became feasible and the possibility was frequently discussed.

The fall 1964 semester of the University of California Is generally regarded as the most exciting and dangerous era In its history. Like the loyalty oath controversy of the early fifties the danger came when outside pressures were transmitted by the administration into University policy. But the resistance to the inequities of the policies and the structures generating them has made a difference and has opened great perspectives for university reform In the California university system and elsewhere.

By any standard, save that of those who say thateducation does not exist outside a classroom

17

setting, the semester was the most educational in the history of the school. An ever increasing number in the University community w e r e in volved in a sophisticated level of dialogue created by a group of students whose main tactic was to continue to clarify the difference between conditions for educational excellence and the reality, and the unfolding of events in which the roles played by various participants became increasingly clear and the relationship between structures and patterns of interest and authority emerged for all to s e e . By the time of the a r rests over 65% of the student body was actively supporting the F r e e Speech Movement as a r e sult of this educational process.

The F r e e Speech Movement will continue to live Its ideal of uncompromising dedication to principles of democratic participation and free expression both on and off the campus.

CHAPTERS.. . Washington) or demonstrations ( U of Illinois) on Vietnam. The MIT chapter and others in the Boston area are working with the Boston P R E P project, organizing on the issue of conversion of the economy.

University reform, which was almost a dead is sue on the campus a year ago, is now far from that. Most of the chapters are considering some, action on university reform and for some chapters university reform will be the major activity. The Smith chapter is making plans for a sit-in in the library to protest early closing hours. Several chapters are directing their efforts at changing the student government. The University of Texas will be running a candidate for student body president, Carleton, Roosevelt, V O I C E , and others have members on the student government. Harvard Is fighting to change student government into a meaningful body.

The University of Illinois formed an Ad Hoc Committee for Student Expression to protest the lack of any student voice in administrative decisions. Duke has been working on issues of In loco parentis and curriculum reform. Queens is interested In working for reasonable library hours, free press , and general lessening of red-tape for extra-curricular activities. The University of Michigan has been concerned with economic is sues relevant to students such as university w a ges and housing costs. The University of Washington has similar plans. Texas is concerned with free tuition, Carleton with press censorship and open-house issues. Pembroke hopes to r e establish an honor system. Vassar wants to change speaker regulations, Simmons wants curriculum changes, Harpur wants off-campus living. . The Berkeley F r e e Speech Movement wants free speech—but more than that, It wants a university quite different from Clark K e r r ' s concept of the "multiversity".. .

CHAPTERS.. "This Increase In universi ty re fo rm activity is cer ta in ly due In large pa r t , if not almost ent i re ly, to the F S M demonstrations at Berke ley and the campaigns in support of the F S M that were begun on many other campuses. Many chapters, In addition to calling for support for the F S M began to look at and talk about the conditions on their own campuses. And they found that Berke ley w a s not alone in its need for basic changes in the un ivers i ty . And they began to have hope that perhaps they could have an effect.

Although universi ty re fo rm Is seen by some students in a na r row sense on minor re fo rms , to some it means major re forms in the un iver sity and its system of education.

T h e r e a re many Issues, even whole areas, that J haven't mentioned yet—-political w o r k of ail s o r t s , civi l l ibert ies I s s u e s . . . . The list is real ly endless. And the possibilities for chapter p rograms are also endless.

ssoc _ - • • • b personal poverty and depr ivat ion. . .an end to xibl ic p o v e r t y . . . a democratic society where Politics poses meaningful dialogue and choices about Issues that affect men's l ives, not manlpula-ion by vested e l i t e s . . . an end to man's Inhumanity o m a n . . . a w o r l d work ing toward the easing of ensions of the Cold War with positive emphasis >rt peace, disarmament, and wor ld -w ide understanding." Thus S S O C w a s to be mul t i - issue, -ather than s ing le- issue, or iented; however , it */as rea l ized that most students w e r e there b e cause of their interest In c iv i l r ights and equal opportunity for Neg roes ; it was also real ized that much had to be done to arouse Interest In the other goa ls , and that this would take a lot of time and w o r k . Bear ing this in m ind , much emphasis w a s given to the desire that S S O C be vir tual ly al l- inclusive—that a student, whether he be moderate o r r ad i ca l , could have and would have, y e s , even should have, a place In S S O C . A l l bel ieved that the ability to g r o w and change Is present In every Individual; that a person wi l l be respected for what and where he I s ; and that within and through S S O C he can g r o w and help others to g r o w . It w a s not expected that more than a few would take giant steps but that through Increased awareness and Involvement, all would g r o w . Th i s means that stodgy old radicals can learn f rom groping young moderates (and of course the other way a round ) . Utopian, you say—this desire to be all inclusive? Perhaps . But for yea rs we've been dreaming in the Sou th , and almost always about the wrong things.

So what have you done and what a re you doing; you a s k . We've placed a lot of emphasis on stimulation through communication. T h e r e w e r e 125 students represent ing for ty - three colleges in Sen states at our November '64 conference. We talked about civi l r ights and l ibert ies and academic f reedom, and southern history and polit ics past and p resen t . T h e vary ing degrees of awareness

18

of those present c a n be I l l us t ra ted by two ques tions heard the re : " R a r d o n m e , but what is H U A C ? " and "When c a n I come to your campus to talk about what I l e a r n e d In Cuba this summer? . ,

Campus groups a n d I n d i v i d u a l s a re involved in lots of things i n c l u d i n g : t u t o r i a l s ; univers. ty r e f o r m ; public a c c o m m o c a t i o n s test ing; p icket ing "pr ivate c l ubs " ; r e s e a r c h on u rban renewa l (Negro r e m o v a l ) ; m e e t i n g Neg roes—and meet ing whites (and If you d o n ' t k n o w what that m e a n s , you have a lot to l e a r n abou t the S o u t h ) ; r e cruiting Negroes to g o to p rev ious l y a l l -wh i te schools; trying to f i n d s o m e o n e who has some Ideas on c o n v e r s i o n ; hun t i ng fo r someone on the faculty who has s o m e j d e a s (Casey H a y d e n , w h o went to the U of T e x a s , o n c e sa id , " I w a s twenty-one before I e v e r met a ful l - f ledged i d e a . " ) ; labor organiz ing; f i gh t i ng g a g l a w s ; bitching about " d o u b l e - j e o p a r d y " . Whi le S S O C as an organization cannot t a k e c r e d i t for a lot of these things, it has found t h r e e campus t rave l l e r s w h o believe in its goa ls a n d p r o g r a m enough that they are going around t e l l i n g o t h e r s l ike themse lves , "spreading the w o r d " a s It w e r e . And this Chr is tmas, about 45 p e o p l e gave up par t of t h e i r vacation to w o r k In M i s s i s s i p p i .

As of now, S S O C I s a p redominant ly whi te organization, but the staf f h a s been mandated to wo rk to br ing about a t r u l y " i n t e r - r a c i a l , i n t e r collegiate" student o r g a n i z a t i o n in the S o u t h .

it is not anticipated at p r e s e n t that S S O C w i l l sponsor a sumrrer p r o j e c t f but that we w i l l t r y to feed people Into t he p r o g r a m s of other o r g a n i zations In the S o u t h , e . g . , C O F O , S N C C , a n d A F S C .

Plans for this s p r i n g i n c l u d e a large con fe rence in Atlanta in M i d - M a r c h ; poss ib l y a spr ing—vacation Mississippi p r o j e c t ; a joint S D S - S N C C -S S O C conference o n U n i v e r s i t y Reform in A p r i l ; and an ef for t to o r g a n i z e the state of Tennessee around c a p i t a l punishment . We sha l l also continue to p u b l i s h T h e S S O C News le t te r -

F ina l l y , I want to s a y someth ing about a bit that everyone else has s a i d someth ing about. F o r a good century n o w , a t l e a s t , the re has been a lo of talk about " S o u t h e r n t r a d i t i o n " and "the Southern way of l i f e . " | n m o r e recent y e a r s they've wr i t ten about " t h e m i n d of the Sou th " a n d "the Southern m y s t i q u e . " Mainly this is a l l about Pa ieg ra , I n c e s t , M u r d e r , and P u c k y - p o l l t e -ness. And the a c r o n y m f o r al l this is P I M R The pimp for a l and a n d peop le which has prostituted itself f o r a l l t h e w o r l d to r id icu le Then do you ask s h y do w e c a r e , why do w e w o r k , when w e a p p e a r s o bi t ter? Because w«» too, are respons ib le f o r t h i s pimp and this prost i tute. We have s i r e d and suckled them oftentimes without r e a l i z i n g i t . And we w h o ' k n « w them best must he lp t h e m and ourselves and T O K I them. Pimps and p r o s t i t u t e s have always been scapegoats for the m o r a l l y s u p e r i o r . I w o n d e r what would happen if t h e f o r m e r got r e f o r r n e o T

•all tell us w h e r e t h e g o o d guys a r e .

o t

LITERATURE LIST STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY

A B O U T S D S (all Items f r ee ; If possib le, please contribute for P H S and A N E )

•-"' S D S Constitution . .Port Hu ron Statement. 64 page manifesto of values and beliefs. Product of 1962 S D S convention.

(Especially recommended) (35£ appreciated) America and the New E r a . Analysis of the "American Scene" and strategy for dealing with ft. Product of the 1963 convention. (i5£ appreciated)

S T U D E N T S A N D T H E U N I V E R S I T Y

(I0£) Paul Booth : A Strategy for Univers i ty Reform (I0<£) Todd Gl t l ln : Student Polit ical Ac t i on , 1960-63—The V iew of a Participant (I0£) A l Habe r : Students and Labor (I0£) Tom Hayden: Student Social Act ion (Especial ly recommended) (I0£) Tom Jacobson: Unions and the Working Student (I0£) C . C la rk Kiss inger : The Bruns Str ike—Student Participation In Labor (I0£) Don McKelvey: The Doctrine of Unfreedom, Universi ty R e f o r m , and Campus Political

Part ies (I0£) E r i c Lev lne : The Berkeley F r e e Speech Controversy (J0£) C . Wright Mi l ls: Letter to the New Left (I0£) Paul Pot te r : The Intellectual as an Agent of Socia l Change (10^) Paul Pot te r : The University and the Cold War (I0£) Bob R o s s : The United States National Student Associat ion—A Policy Critique (I0£) " T o w a r d s a Quaker V iew of Sex " and "Is the Problem Really Sex" (I0£) Car l Wittman: Students and Economic Action (10^) Shelley B l u m : Universi ty Reform

C I V I L R I G H T S A N D COMMUNITY O R G A N I Z A T I O N

(I0£) Andrea Cous ins: Har lem—The Neighborhood and Social Change (10£) Noel Day : The Freedom Movement in Massachusetts (10£) Noel Day : A White Amer ica in a Non-White Wor ld (I0£) Nick Egleson: The Survey and Community Organization (I0£) L a r r y Gordon and Vernon G r l z z a r d : Notes on Developing Organization In the G h e t t o -

Chester , Pennsylvania (I0£) Warren Haggstrom: T h e Power of the Poor (I0£) T o m Hayden: Civ i l Rights in the United States (I0£) Tom Hayden and C a r l Wittman: A n Interracial Movement of the Poor (75£) T o m K a h n : Economics of Equality (I0£) Char les LeBeaux : L i fe on ADC—Budgets of Despair (I0£) Jack Mlnnis: The Ca re and Feeding of Power St ruc tures (I0£) Paul Pot te r : Research and Education in Community Action Pro jects (I0£) Swar thmore S D S : Chester , Pa .—Block Organization (I0£) Swar thmore S D S : Chester , Pa.—Community Organization In the Other America (10^) Nicholas Von Hoffman: Finding and Making Leaders (I0£) Cathy WHkerson: Ra ts , Washtubs, and Block Organization (I0£) Robert L a m b : Suggestions for a Study of You r Hometown

E C O N O M I C S

( 5£) Bibl iography on the Amer ican Economy: Lee Webb (I0£) Ray B r o w n : Our C r i s i s Economy (new revised edition) (Especial ly recommended) (I0£) Robb Bur lage: The Amer ican Planned Economy—A Crit ique (I0£) Robb Bur lage : Th is is War?—An Analysis of the War on Pover ty with Emphasis on

Appalachia

(10£) Robb B u r l a g e : The South as an Underdeveloped Country (I0£) Committee on the T r ip le Revolut ion: T h e Tr ip le Revolution (I0£) Bob Heff l tz: A Draft P rog ram for Eastern Kentucky (I0£) Ken McEldowney (ed . ) : Readings on Poverty (I0£) Be rna rd Nossl ter and David Bazelon: The New Fo lk lo re of Capitalism (IG£) Nyack Conference on Unemployment and Social Change—Working Papers

P E A C E

(I0£) Nancy Bancrof t : The Christ ian Peace Concern (10£) Raul Booth : Economic Conversion and the War on Pover ty (I0£) Dick F lacks and Tom Hayden: New Possibil i t ies for Peace (I0£) Todd Gi t l in : Bibliography of War /Peace Books (I0£) Todd Gi t l in : Deterrence and Reality—Where Strategy Comes F r o m (I0£) Todd Gi t l in : The Case Against the Draft (I0£) Ken McEldowney: Disarmament and the American Economy (I0£) Don McKelvey: Economic Development, the Major P o w e r s , and Peace

F O R E I G N P O L I C Y

(I0£) David A r n o l d : Vietnam—Symptom of a World Malaise 0°<£) Andrew F r a n k : Exploitation or A i d — U . S . - B raz i l Economic Relations (I0£) Michael F reeman and A n d r e w F r a n k : The Braz i l Coup—Two V iews \ (I0£) Don McKelvey: China (I0£) S e n . Wayne Morse: Speech on Vietnam (I0£) A r thu r Valenzuela: Lat in America—Continent In Revolution (I0£) Ch r i s Hobson: Vietnam: Which Way Out?

P O L I T I C S

(I0£) Noel Day: The American Left—Post-elect ion Prospects and Prob lems C°£) Eugene Feingoid and Tom Hayden: Pol i t ics 1965—Corporatism and Cr i s i s (I0<!) T o m Hayden: The Power of the Dix lcrats <I0£) T o m Hayden: L ibera l Analysis and Federa l Power (I0£) Sumner Rosen : L ibera ls and Reality (I0£) C a r l Wlttman: Seminar on Marxism

F R O M T H E P O L I T I C A L E D U C A T I O N P R O J E C T

(I0£) Robb Bu r lage : Johnson with Eyes Open (I0£) T o m GIsh : T h i s Is the War that Is (I0£) Steve Max and Doug I re land: F o r a New Coalition (I0£) Southern Regional Counci l : When the Southern Vote was Counted (10$;) Jim Wil l iams: March on Frankfor t

Please use this o rder f o r m . Bulk rates available to organized chapters.

Send to S T U D E N T S F O R A D E M O C R A T I C S O C I E T Y , 119 Fi f th A v e . , Room 308, N e w Y o r k

Name ;

School address_

Home address

I w ish to join and enclose ( ) $1 Initiation 6c { ) $2 year dues. "l am order ing the l iterature checked and enclose $ in payment. Please send me Information on S D S and mailings for two months.

"l w ish to contribute to S D S : $ enclosed (contributions are tax-exempt) . 1 am a member : enclosed is $ for 64-65 dues. I am interested in joining S D S staff ( ) now ( ) this summer. Please send me more Information.

(E OPPOSE INTERVENTION IN

THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

1. Such intervention is clearly in violation of Articles 15 and 17 of the O.A.S. Charter and Article 2, Paragraph 4 of the U.N. Charter.

2. Such intervention will undo all gains in Western Hemispheric relations made by "Good Neighbor Policy", "Alliance for Progress" and The Peace Corp and, indeed, by the lessening of Cold War Tensions since 1963.

3. Such intervention to deter revolutions claimed by our Government to be incompatible with U.S. interests will, of course, be continual because of unstable political and socio-economic conditions in Latin America.

=4 W fe Ifes

T h e M a r c h on W a s h i n g t o n - A p r i l 17, 1965. P h o t o - J . F e u e r s t e i n

BULLETIN mavises voLs/nar

STUDENTS FOR A

DEMOCRATIC

SOCIETY

10*

CONVENTION BY ROBB BURLAGi T h e fo l lowing is a r o u g h outl ine of the p resen t plans for the convent ion (tentet ively scheduled for June 9-13, near C h i c a g o ) .

I . " Ins t i tu tes" — ( f i r s t th ree o r f o u r days) such a s ; ( I ) an E R A P Inst i tu te—for E R A P staff; (2 ) a r ad i ca l Internat ional Relat ions senrvnar—analys is of A m e r i c a n fo re ign pol icy and w o r l d t r e n d s , p lace of peace and an t i - impe r i a l i sm movements In d o m e s t ic pol i t ica l m o v e m e n t , e tc . ; (3) "un ive rs i t y r e f o r m " and f r e e u n i v e r s i t y ; (4) campus and reg iona l p r o g r a m m i n g ; (5 ) pub l i ca t ions , r e s e a r c h , o r g a n izat ional journa l and ex terna l j o u r n a l r e l a t i ons , in terna l educat ion ; (6) d rama a n d other ar t f o rms as pol i t ica l e x p r e s s i o n and communi ty ac t i v i t y ; (7) S o u t h e r n pol i t ical s t r a tegy—fo r S N C C , S S O C , and S D S people to talk about d i rec t i ons of S o u t h e r n movement in g e n e r a l .

" • Opening day p lenary—»«»nr i» d iscuss ion g r o u p s in formal ge t - t oge the rs , a f ew speeches o r pane ls for p l e n a r y , debate on the agenda . A l s o , na t iona l , r e g i o n a l , chapter r e p o r t s , e t c .

MARCH ON WASHIN3TON

BY PAUL. BOOTH, WASHINGTON MARCH COORDINATOR

O n Eas te r S a t u r d a y , under the s p o n s o r s h i p of S D S o v e r 20 ,000 people came to Washington to p ro tes t the whole d i rec t ion of A m e r i c a ' s V ie tnam p o l i c y , and to demand an end to the w a r . It w a s the publ ic manifestat ion of the N e w l_eft in A m e r i c a that has mobi l ized in opposit ion to Johnson 's w a r , and is fu r the r de te rmined to change the condi t ions embedded in ou r society that have p r o d u c e d that w a r .

B u s e s cama f r o m 'he Deep S o u t h , the f looded m i d wes t , and in l a rge n u m b e r s f r o m the indus t r ia l no r theas t , to const ruc t the la rges t p icket l ine e v e r to assemble in f ront of the White H o u s e . T h e M a r c h on Washington also const i tuted the l a rges t a n t i - w a r demonst ra t ion in the h is to ry of the na t ion 's cap i ta l .

T h e M a r c h e r s began ga the r ing in f r on t of the White House a round 9 am—the f i r s t bus to r e a c h Wash tng -

I ton contained 40 m e m b e r s of the M iss i ss ipp i Student

con t . p . 7 con t . p . 9

L e t t e r Written in A n s w e r to Cr i t i c ism of Poem Writ ten B y T o d d Gitl in

Y o u say that the n e w th i r d stanza is " just too po l em ica l for my idea of poetic massage . " I think the i ssue is whether po lemic and poetry a r e , h e r e , at o d d s , not whether y o u as an editor have the r ight to cast that judgment . Of course you've got the r ight—but I'd r a the r talk about your judgment, to see if I might conv ince you that there is no i ncon sistency h e r e . Because if I can't convince you of that then in an important way the poem fa i ls . That mat te rs more to me than whether the poem gets in t y p e : it 's a matter of commjn ica t ion , wh ich i s—is it not?—the rea l stuff of publication anyway .

T h e poem is about obscen i t y , malady, i n j u r y , madn e s s , all masquerad ing as stable, even p ious, n o r ma l i t y . It's about soma ways in which I was f e v e r ed by the d isease . My object was to desc r i be , if not diagnose, the d isease by taking and reading my o w n tempera tu re .

Y o u might say that a steady hand would get a better read ing than a hand shaking wi th r a g e . (Maybe that 's the limit of the me taphor . ) You would have meant that a s l o w melancholy i rony o r a pounding rhy thmic despai r ( fo reshadowing apocalypse) would have sufficed to convey D a l l a s . What you—1 — w o u l d thereby have impl ied is that Dal las is only a steady dark m o o d , a plague that moves in and set t les wi th the inevi tabi l i ty of a long fog . Tha t i s , I t h i n k , the undercoat ing of Dal las—but the d e s c r i p tion falls shor t if you stop the re : that map is flat and lacks the n e c e s s a r y con tours . T h e th i ra stanza and the beginning of the fourth are about peaks (o r a b y s s e s ) . T o go back to the or iginal metaphor , they are about the shoot ing pains that charac te r ize a r ack i ng disease runn ing its cou rse . Isn't Dal las n o w known by the name of one of those shooting pains?

S o let 's grant that Da l l as isn't just an unruff led d i sas te r ; grant that my mood, l i kewise , had c o r r e s ponding peaks and a b y s s e s ; grant that I thought I cou ld repl icate some of Dal las ' unbearable consequences—as wel l as its " n o r m a l " ones—by exposing my o w n ; — g r a n t i n g al l t ha t , what is the poet to do? C a n you desc r ibe the shooting pains without s h r i e k i n g , stamping, h a r d e n i n g , biting your lips? N o . T h e poetry of those exquis i te ly sickening moments is—poler rvc : P e r c y F a i t h js_ a rap is t . Rober t M o r r i s is_ a w i t c h h u n t e r . See h e r e ! look! that 's who they a r e !

Y o u say "these sho r thands a re political not poet ic . '1

t guess they a r e po l i t i ca l . They aren' t poetic in the sense of t enderness , long ing , anguish, me lancho ly - -s tandard "poet ic" emot ions—but they a r e accurate I t h i nk . (if y O U d i sag ree then we should argue that . ) A n d at that point in the poem, I think harsh accu racy is the app rop r i a te poet ry , if it comas u n expec ted , so m-ich the bet ter—maybe the r eade r then sees the violence so shal lowly cloaked in the d a r k "no rma l " mood .

O r maybe not—maybe the poem doesn't do those t h i n g s ; I would l ike to k n o w . That 's the attempt, anyway . . . | want to stop here because o v e r -analys is would make the poem superf luous.

D A L L A S , D E C E M B E R 2 4 , 1964

These N o r t h e r n eyes a C h r i s t m a s sun bu rns s ta r ing open . It 's seven ty - f i ve . T h e clean young men gl ide out to lunch in sh i r t s l eeves ; w e l l - p r e s s e d blouses shine as ladies s w a r m to thei r shopping h ives , o r c l ick t o w a r d a c h u r c h that looks so f ine. A thousand s t reets a r e d r e s s e d so f ine.

What the sun b u r n s open it w i l l sea l . T inse l ' s g l i t ter I cou ld bea r but not the g la re of rooted steel wound f i r m about the ro t t ing stuff of hope once g r e e n . — I need to hear a bal lad (one wou ld be enough) : one common rad io s o n g - - e n o u g h . . •

It 's B low in 1 in the Wind bel ied by P e r c y Fa i th ' s gl ib s t r i n g s , who rape its p l a i n t , — T h e n e w s says a chi ld died today, bu rned by h is f r i ends in f un ; and L i n c o l n Rockwe l l asked debate wi th a w i t chhun te r , for men must l e a r n . Meanwhi le , in o f f i ces , men e a r n .

I fl ick the s w i t c h ; no sense ava i ls against this pounding gay debauch . T h e sun itself sp i l ls golden pai ls of blood upon the shadow f o r m of roughest beast in wi ldest c r o u c h .

T o d d Gi t l in

contents Convention 1 March on Washington . 1 Dallas . . . : Cr i t i c i sm of P o e m 2 Poe t r y by Jane S tembr idge » Miss iss ippi Chal lenge > F r e e Un i ve rs i t y S u m m e r P ro jec t . . . t N C U P O r g a n i z e r s A r r e s t e d i National Council £ N e w T w i s t in Hayden Case € Right of P r o t e s t Den ied t

publ ished monthly by : Students fo r a Democ ra t i c Society 1107 Eas t 6 3 r d S t r e e t , Chicago 3 7 , I l l inois

2

About no jobs :

61/2 percent of all the peoples in A m e r i c a who cou 'd w o r k can't

Because there isn't any jobs for them

the reason that t he re isn't any jobs for them

is because other peoples r u n s every th ing

they l ike to

they can't let the peoples r u n themselves

because then they wouldn' t have nothing to run

no peoples to r u n no Cadi l lac c a r

They wou ld just have to r u n themselves they don't l ike that because they don't l ike themselves wh ich takes money A h H a S o they gets all the money they can wh ich means some people don't get any A n d also they use the newspapers

they o w n and the T . V . and other devices to s t i r up the peoples for w a r A n d meanwhi le they st i r "up the senate A n d house and genera ls and v a r i o u s

white w e s t e r n imper ia l is t ic and parano id

groups A n d w e go to V ie tnam and the money for jobs

goes to guns

wh ich a r e made by the peoples wi th cadi l lac c a r s Which means they can now buy another cadi l lac ca r

wi th the money they make f r om the w a r

the sams money that could have made jobs

A lmost two mil l ion do l la rs a day in V ie tnam not to mention

dead ch i ld ren B Y J A N E S T E M S R I D G E

Copies of " T h e Peoples Wants F r e e d o m " by Jane S t e m b r i d g e , a por t ion of wh ich is pr in ted a b o v e , a re avai lable f rom 'he National Of f ice. T h e poem w a s composed on a t r ip th rough Miss iss ipp i .

T H E M I S S I S S I P P I C H A L L E N G E B Y B R U C E S C H M I E C H E N

T h e Mississ ippi F r e e d o m Demac ra l i c P a r t y ' s c h a l l enge to the p r i m a r y and genera l elect ions held in Miss iss ipp i this past y e a r , and to the seating of three Mississ ippi cong ressmen , has gone through the stages of fo rma l contest on the f loor of C o n g r e s s , w e e k s of test imony, compil ing of ev idence, and presentat ion of b r ie fs to the Subcommittee on E lec t ions and P r i v i l eges . T h e M F D P chal lengers n o w have until June I to f in ish filing b r i e f s , and the contested " R e p r e s e n t a t ives" have until July I to r e p l y . Du r ing this pe r i od the M F D P is asking for heightened student suppo r t , pa r t i cu la r l y through educational activity in local a r e a s .

Students should recognize the c r i t i ca l impor tance of the F r e e d o m Democra t i c P a r t y , as the f i rs t r e a l pol i t ical a rm developed by the insurgent nrovement in Miss iss ipp i . T h e attitude developed by the F D P i s a n e w polit ical r e a l i s m , based not upon the c o r rupt values of the whee le rs and d e a l e r s , but on the workab i l i t y of democra t ic par t ic ipat ion and f rank evaluation of polit ical motives and goa ls . That the F D P delegates wou ld not accept token compromise at the Atlant ic Ci ty convention w a s a shock to the manipulaters of the system and a step t o w a r d p rov ing the effectiveness of g r a s s roots organizat ion outside of the power s t r u c t u r e . T h e re fusa l meant F D P w a s challenging establ ished p o w e - to make a choice between justice and injustice, Instead of b a r t e r i n g for a niche within that power s t r u c t u r e . In the w o r d s of the F r e e d o m D e m o c r a t s , " T h e test w a s not whether the F D P could accept 'pol i t ical r e a l i s m ' but ra the r whether the Convent ion and the Nat ional Democra t i c P a r t y could accept the challenge p resen ted by the F D P . The convention and the Nat ional D e m o cra t ic Pa r t y failed that t e s t . "

In t e r m s of the p resen t , the success o r fa i lure of the challenge determines whether the r igh ts of the people of Mississippi wi l l be fulf i l led o r neg lec ted. T h e challenge is a test of the Cong ress ' s adherence to a tradi t ion of m is represen ta t ion , a stagnant v i e w of socia l change, and loyalty to fe l low members of the " C l u b " . In this sense , the representa t ion of Miss iss ippi Neg roes alone is not on t r i a l , for the representat ion of al l who bel ieve in democrat ic government is tested by the dec is ion of the i r C o n g r e s s m e n concern ing the challenge and thei r abil i ty to influence that dec is ion . With (he challenge in C o n g r e s s , enforcement of the r i gh ts of Miss lss ippians is not soiey delegated to a local r e g i s t r a r o r a r e d neck sher i f f , but to the symbol of A m e r i c a n d e m o c r a c y . The s l im Congress iona l suppor t mus te red thus fa r adds to the overwhe lming body of ev idence demolishing the theory of "Miss iss ipp i as an is land of in jus t i ce" , and points to the m o r e rea l is t ic p i c tu re of Mississippi as an acute symptom of a national d isease . The challenge should be seen by rad i ca l s not only as a possible solution to a par t i cu la r p r o b l e m , but as an indicator of the national p rob lem and how it might be dealt w i t h . Interest w a s exp ressed at the Nat ional Counci l in the possibi l i ty of the F D P being the initial step in forming a national Independent pol i t ical n e t w o r k . T h e outcome of the chal lenge and the fur ther development of the F D P wi l l be p rac t i ca l tests of the potential of g rass roo ts movements and should provide o r g a n i z e r s and community unions w i th lessons on the f o r m of fu ture , polit ical ac t ion .

cont . p , 4

F R E E U N I V E R S I T Y S U M M E R P R O J E C T B Y C A R O L Y N C R A V E N

T h e s e a re s o m a thoughts on the summer p ro jec t of the free u n i v e r s i t y wh ich have come out of d i s cussions b e f o r e and after the Nat ional Counc i l meet ing and out of the N C itself . It has been the f ee l ing that s tuden ts and o thers want and need some type of school ( f r e e un ivers i ty may be a m isnomer ) and that b e c a u s e of t ime and money that this is i m possible f o r t h i s s u m m e r . It w a s decided that it could p robab ly b e effective and prof i tab le fo r the re to be a s u m m e r p ro jec t of people who w e r e i n t e r ested in w o r k i n g on the idea of the f ree un ivers i ty and on ideas r e l a t e d to i t .

T h e r e are m a n y types of act iv i t ies wh ich people on the summer p r o j e c t should be encouraged to d o . One function i s that they wou ld begin to do some of the g round w o r k fo r establ ishment of a f r ee un i v ers i ty for nex t s u m m e r . The types of act iv i t ies suggested f o r t h i s a r e : people should meet and discuss the i d e a of a f ree un ivers i t y wi th potential facul ty, people shou ld spend t ime talk ing to as many students a s possib le d iscuss ing the idea and to initiate a r e a l dialogue on the concept , tentative fund ra is ing s h o u l d be done fo r next y e a r , people * should spend t i m e discussing any ideas they have for the free u n i v e r s i t y and w r i t e down their thoughtte to be widely c i r c u l a t e d , and that at the end of the summer a t en ta t i ve proposa l b e w r i t t e n and c i r c u l ated to as m a n y people as it can r e a c h .

T h e r e are m a n y o ther act iv i t ies in wh ich people should involve t hemse l ves w h i c h a r e not d i rec t ly re la ted to the se t t i ng up of a f r e e un ivers i ty for next s u m m e r . O n e fee l ing is that people w i l l have ideas on wh ich they w i l l want to expe r imen t . F o r e x a m p l e , if some o n e has an idea on un ivers i ty r e f o r m wh ich they t h i n k can be t r ied at a summer schoo l , then they s h o u l d t r y i t . If soma people think that the f ree u n i v e r s i t y should at least in p a r t e n c o m pass communi ty o rgan i z i ng p ro jec ts as re t rea t for staff o r by r u n n i n g tu tor ia ls fo r t h e m , then those people should a t tempt to involve an organ iz ing p r o jec t . V a r i o u s peop le a r e in teres ted in educational theor ies and s h o u l d be encouraged to d iscuss them wi th o the rs . O t h e r s have suggested that people do r e s e a r c h on t he u n i v e r s i t y , such as w h o o w n s it and what it o w n s , who runs i t , e t c . fashioned after the B e r k e l e y study but m o r e extensive in scope and in n u m b e r of schoo ls it c o v e r s . O thers feel that s o m e o n e shou ld take the t ime to do an e x tensive study of un i ve rs i t y r e f o r m mavemants ove r the past few y e a r s , the i r tac t ics , w h e r e students have met w i t h s u c c e s s and w h e r e they have fa i led , e t c . T h i s c o u l d b e used as a casebook on u n i v e r sity r e f o r m w h i c h could be useful in p r o g r a m m i n g and as a s t i m u l u s fo r d i scuss ion . Other people a r e interested in re la t ing the w o r k of the summer pro ject to the w o r k wh i ch C a r l Og lesby wi l l be doing on r e s e a r c h , pub l ica t ions , in terna l educat ion, e tc . Others w a n t to re la te the s u m m e r pro jec t to the expansion of the organ izat ion to include other than polit ical i n t e r e s t s and ta lents , s u c h as w r i t e r s a r t i s t s , film m a k e r s . T h e r e a r e many ideas about what people on t h e summer p ro jec t can do and there a r e many th ings wh i ch need to be done. Peop le wi l l be e n c o u r a g e d to do a s much as they feel they shou ld d o .

T h e r e a r e st i l l seve ra l quest ions about th is s such as w h e r e it w i l l b e , but those d e c i s i o n : made soon . Interest in the f ree un ivers i ty Is It is important at this point that the d iscuss io r tended to as many people as poss ib le . O n e that this wi l l be done is that the re w i l l be a : un ivers i ty institute before the convention for s who is interested whe ther they a r e to p a r t i c i j the summer p r o g r a m o r no t . T h i s w i l l p r o v for people to exchange ideas and to poss ib l y cuss thei r ideas w i th " e x p e r t s " .

Anyone who is in terested in the concept of a un ivers i ty o r in w o r k i n g on the summer p ro j« should w r i t e to C a r o l y n C r a v e n in the nat ion* of f ice.

C H A L L E N G E . . .

A long w i th activi ty suppor t ing the chal lenge, £ should begin to bui ld suppor t for the voting r i j b i l l . T h e essence of the F D P posit ion on th< is one of suppo r t , but w i th recogni t ion of i t s > nesses and potential danger in its "present f o r i T h e F r e e d o m Qemocra tes emphasize the necx for an amendment p rov id ing for new e lec t ions tween s ix and nine months after the b i l l s p a s s If this is not i nc luded , the bi l l w i l l not be in fu effect until the exp i ra t ion of the var ious electee officials1 t e r m s , in some cases 1968. The p a age of the bil l without n e w elect ions could a lsc mean increased t e r r o r and intimidation of p r o s f ive v o t e r s . If avenues of legal h a r r a s s m e n t c losed , local of f ic ials cou ld use heightened ecc intimidation and t e r r o r to p ro tec t their f u t u r e s , less thei r i l legal reg imes a r e chal lenged by fr< elect ions as soon as al l people have a chance reg i s t e r .

T h e voting b i l l , even w i th n e w elect ions st ipule should not ove r shadow M F D P act iv i ty . M r s . Fann ie L o u H a m e r , an F D P congressional ca d idate, has exp ressed conce rn that the vot ing I is an attempt to "choke off" the chal lenge. F"a in local organizat ion and independent activity m i not be d isplaced by the p roc la imed intentions o l leg is la to rs . T h e h is to ry of the Negro in A m e t of fers ample ev idence of th is fact . Leg is la t i on be evaded ; genuine change , wh ich the cha l lang demands, cannot b e .

Work on educat ing the publ ic and communicat ing wi th Cong ressmen should be planned extensive! ; A week of demonstrat ions ca l l ing for new f r e e elect ions and d ramat iz ing the issues of the chaf l w i l l begin May 9 . Students a r e being asked to come to Washington to lobby for the F D P be tw t June 13 and July 14. T h i s is the focus of the summer p r o g r a m . Organ iza t ion for these ac t i v should begin now—peop le must be p r e s s u r e d , t ucated , if need be c o e r c e d , into recognizing a n meeting the demands of the F D P and the chang cal led for in the cha l lenges.

S D S Nat iona l Convent ion! .

Ch icago a r e a , sometime in J u n e — detai ls to fo l l ow.

ncup organizers arrested in mississippi

V s a resul t of meeting wi th m e m b e r s of M F D P , !e>ssie A l l e n , B a r r y K a l i s h , Bet ty M o s s , and J . C . - ' Ic iKelson of the N e w a r k Commun i t y Union P ro jec t ^•esnt down to S u n " o w e r County in Miss iss ipp i to l i sscover what it w a s l ike to o r g a n i z e in the S o u t h . F~ Hey went to D r e w Miss iss ipp i to a vo te r r e g i s -r~ a t ion pro jec t t h e r e . v t r nos t upon a r r i v a l to D r e w , a l oca l S N C C w o r k e r • s i s a r r e s t e d . B a r r y , J e s s i e , and E d d i e Rob inson , n o ther local S N C C w o r k e r went to the Mayor ' s f t i ce to d iscover w h e r e the a r r e s t e d w o r k e r was <e ing he ld . T h e mayor re fused t h e m 'he information r-s<d told them to leave his o f f i ce . T h e three refused > leave. It seems at this point the sher i f f also o rde r -cJ them 'o leave and they again r e f u s e d to do so . - fr->ey w e r e at this point a r r e s t e d a n d bai l w a s se t . - tiey w e r e held for twenty four h o u r s and t r ied by

judge who convicted them and sen tenced B a r r y r-»ci Jessie to 60 days on the w o r k f a r m o r 500 o l i a r s each fo r re fus ing to obey an o f f i ce r . T h e e - s r i n g was a c losed one and they w e r e not given

I a w y e r .

5 ^ r r y and Jessie a r e now on a w o r k f a r m . In the -»<e?antime, M F D P a t to rney , H e n r y A r o n s o n has j«2?d a w r i t of habeas co rpus on the g rounds that it

c:losed hear ing and that they w e r e not permit ted ^ t - i n c i l . The appeal bond has been set at $1500 cy r~ the two and A r o n s o n is at tempt ing to get it l o w -

If you have not pa id y o u r dues yet P lease do so

N O W !

N A T I O N A L C O U N C I L .

B y Paul Po t t e r , S D S Pres ident

I want to insert a couple of comments to suggest a litt le bit more about the tone of the p o s t - M a r c h N a tional Counc i l . T h e r e w e r e two par t i cu la r l y exci t ing pa r t s to the N C . T h e f i rst was the general d i s c u s s ion and debate on V ie tnam fol lowup wh ich w a s excel lent and ra ised a long list of questions wh ich need desperately to be ra i sed in each of the chapters and communit ies w h e r e there has been any in terest in the w a r . We rea l ly do need to be u rged to c o n s ider strategical ly what S D S should be doing about V ie tnam, locally as we l l as nat ional ly . T h i s is not s imply a question of what tactic is most effective as the next point in p ro tes t ; instead the tima has come fo r basic thinking about how we a re organiz ing a round the i ssue . What people a re w e reach ing and how deeply are they being invo lved . What k ind of p r e s s u r e is needed to end the w a r and do we rea l l y think w e can generate i t . What possib i l i t ies a r e there fo r local p rog rams that extend beyond the g roups we have thus far r e a c h e d - - a n d m o r e .

T h e second exciting element about the meeting w a s that in sma l l , informal ly organized wo rk i ng g roups of the National Counci l people d iscussed at g reat length a number of the difficult a reas that S D S has to deal wi th and had the kinds of conversat ions that w e r e creat ive in descr ib ing and thinking about those p r o b l e m s . The reason so little of that appeared in the formal statement of the decis ions of the N C is s imply because it is difficult to implement many of those decis ions. F o r example the need for intensif ied internal education in S D S is not something that you can codi fy . On the o ther hand one g roup talked about that p rob lem for a day and a half and came up w i th an excellent understanding of what needs to be done - - s o m e of wh ich is ref lected in Robb B u r l a g e ' s r e p o r t and suggestions on the Convent ion—one smal l port ion of the g r o u n d the in ternal education g roup cove red . Other d iscussions on fore ign p o l i c y , V ie tnam fo l l ow-up , Un ive rs i t y r e f o r m and a f ree un i ve rs i t y , organizat ional s t ruc tu re and d e m o c r a c y , and the Mississippi chal lenge w e r e also product ive of a great body of informat ion and inspi rat ion w h i c r n o w needs to be s h a r e d .

When peoples goes to v is i t B o b He gets some b read and w ine Anyone who wants to sleep can have a p lace to sleep People say he's C r a z y and he sa i d : What a pe rson has to is help make a road Make a school build a house have a son plant a t r e e . Most people don't say that He's a Revolut ion is t .

- - Jane S tembr idge

new twist in hayden case The case of Manre H a y e s v s . T o m H a y d e n , which1

began as a s imple f r a m e - u p , has taken a n e w twist wi th the p o w e r s t r u c t u r e seemingly stumbling o v e r itself deciding w h o m to e l im ina te .

In response to a complaint by a M r s . Pa lest ine .Watkins, on Oc tober 4th of last y e a r , NJCUP o r g a n i z e r s T o m Hayden and C a r l Wittman went to s l u m lo rd M r s . Mamie H a y e s reques t ing that she make r e p a i r s and reduce M r s . Watk ins 's rent until they w e r e comple ted . M r s . H a y e s a g r e e d and s igned a notar ized statement to this ef fect .

S e v e r a l days later T o m went to see M r s . Hayes and asked about the r e p a i r s . When he took the agreement out of his pocket the landlady t r i ed to take it away f r o m h i m , and in the s k i r m i s h cut h is w r i s t .

T o m went to the po l i ce stat ion to file a compla int , but w a s told to r e t u r n l a te r . When he went back to M r s . Hayes ' s home he w a s met by two pol ice of f icers and a man w h o c la imed to have w i tnessed the f ight . T o m w a s p rompt ly a r r e s t e d and cha rged with assult and ba t t e r y w i th intent to k i l l . The case w a s taken to mag is t ra tes c o u r t , to a g rand j u r y ( w h e r e the 'intent to k i l l ' charge w a s dropped) , and back to mag is t ra tes cour t on A p r i l 5 , 1965. T h e p r e s i d i n g judge was De l M a u r o , w e l l - k n o w n in N e w a r k for h is convict ion of Ida B r o w n and C lyde Wr i gh t and fo r h is v indict ive statements against the N C U P o r g a n i z e r s in the past .

The t r i a l began w i t h a lengthy descr ip t ion by M r s . Hayes about h o w T o m Hayden had beaten and k icked h e r , but the r e a l s u p r t s e came when the wi tness took the s tand . Po in t i ng to T o m , he s a i d , " that 's not T o m H a y d e n , " a n d identi f ied C a r l Wittman ( ' that blond b o y " ) as the r e a l assa i lan t . M r s . Hayes c o n c u r r e d , Judge D e l Mauro cast igated T o m for impersonat ing h imse l f , and C a r l w a s immediately a r r e s t e d . It w a s this sw i t ch that led to the N C U P city Hal l p ro tes t , in w h i c h ten w e r e a r r e s t e d fo r sitting in at the M a y o r ' s o f f i ce .

Judge De l Mauro w a s pe rsuaded to disqual i fy h i m self because of his outburs t against T o m , but the t r ia l went r ight on w i t h a n e w judge and n e w d e -fendent.

C a r l ' s t r ia l d ragged on for t h ree d a y s , despite motions by both the defense and the p rosecu t ion to d ismiss the c a s e , despi te pol ice r e c o r d s posi t ive ly identifying T o m Hayden as the r e a l T o m Hayden and despite seve ra l w i tnesses locat ing C a r l s o m e where else ent i re ly on the day in ques t ion . The decis ion has been postponed for one month so that the judge can study the t r a n s c r i p t . On his d e cision r e s t s not only the quest ion of who beat w h o m , but apparent ly , the v e r y identit ies of two of ou r

county employe <Aenie4 r ight of protest

On A p r i l 27 th , 1965, at 12 n o o n , S D S m e m b e r Michael T a b o r w a s f i red f rom the M o n t g o m e r y county (Mary land) we l fa re b o a r d for l e a d i n s a picket line the p rev ious day wh ich p r o t e s t e d t he unanimous appointment of two s e l f - d e c l a r e d s e g r e g ationists to the Human Relat ions C o m m i s s i o n of the County . T h e C O R E protest demanded t h e r e g i s -nation of the ent i re committee and ca l l ed for- the establishment of a ci t izens human r e l a t i o n s b o a r d .

County Manager Mason Bu t che r sa id tha t T a b o r w a s dismissed because his protest " w a s c o n d u c t no t b e coming a County e m p l o y e e . " He sa id a l e t t e r h a d gone out to the State Wel fare D e p a r t m e n t f w h i c h pays most of T a b o r ' s s a l a r y .

Welfare D i r ec to r Wi l l iam R o y e r sa id that a n y e m p l o y * may cr i t i c ise the government th rough p r o p e r * c h a n ne ls , but does not have the r ight to a t tack p u b l i c l y the bodies that pay his s a l a r y . While the C o u n t y manager had stated that T a b o r ' s action in t h e p i c k e t line w a s the only reason fo r his d i s m i s s a l , R o y e r said that he wou ld have been d ropped a n y w a y w h e n his s ix -month probat ionary p e r i o d ended M a y 7 , both for his p rev ious pol i t ical act iv i t ies a n d b e c a u s e he "had not shown sufficient g r o w t h on t h e j o b , "

T a b o r is suing fo r reinstatement and b a c k p a y , al though, as a t ra inee , he does not have t h e r i g h t of appeal to the county personne l b o a r d .

"The appointment to the Montgomery C o u n t y H u m a n Relations Commiss ion of segragt ion is ts a n d m y o w n terminat ion of employment , " sa id T a b o r , " . . „ i s indicative of the county counc i l ' s v i e w s r e g a r d i n g civ i l r ights in rac ia l mat ters g e n e r a l l y . "

T a b o r is a founder of the Un i ve rs i t y of M a r y l a n d ! chapter of S D S and present ly c h a i r m a n o f S u b V urban Washington C O R E . He w a s i n s t r u m e n t a l \ i n the now- famous C O R E inf i l t rat ion of a P r i n c e Georges County White C i t i zens Counc i l c h a p t e r , a n d the White House protest o v e r S e l m a las t m o n t h .

B u r l a g e con t .

I I I . Ana ly t i ca l and issue discussion g roups (about 3 days) on topics such as (I) Un ive rs i t y as agent of soc ia l change ; (2) Pol i t ica l s t ra tegy ; (3) D e m o c r a c y and organizat ional s t r u c t u r e ; { 4 ) F o r e i g n po l i c y : i ts place and p r i o r i t y ; (5) Cu l tu ra l change and soc ia l change; ( 6 ) Bas i c va lues ; and (7 ) E c o nomic change and pol i t ica l change.

I V . P l e n a r y d iscuss ion and debate on a couple of issues p lus other reso lu t ions proposed—conc lude w i th e lect ion of o f f i ce rs (pe rhaps a hal f -day o r day) .

I n t e r s p e r s e d wou ld be a f te r -meal spec ia l s p e a k e r s ; a couple of genera l panels for ent i re p l e n a r y ; e n te r ta inmen t ; p a r t i e s ; t ime for regional and chapter c a u c u s e s .

Within the b road g r o u p i n g s , some of wh i ch rrvght encompass more than 100 pe rsons , d ive rse panels and debates wou ld be se t -up and some would come fo r th spontaneous ly , smal l discussion g roups wou ld be staged frequent ly to b reak d iscussion d o w n , sp i n offs fo r people w i t h specia l interests wou ld be w e l come as they a r i s e , e t c . People w o u l d be free to r o a m and attend di f ferent sess ions , but panels wou ld be at least loosely scheduled to be in cer ta in t imes and a f e w people wou ld be assigned to keep c o n -t ineounty going in each of the large g r o u p s .

One w a y of b reak ing d o w n the analyt ical and Issue g r o u p s might be as f o l l o w s : 1 . U n i v e r s i t y as Agent of Soc ia l Change

a . S u r v e y of c u r r e n t stage of univers i ty r e f o r m m o v e m e n t — r e p o r t s f r om F S M , va r ious c a m p u s e s , outside obse rve rs—What next? S D S r o l e in this? P r o j e c t p roposa ls?

b . F r e e Un ive rs j t y o r counter -un ivers i ty p r o p o s a l—wha t f o r m should it take?

c . Un i ve rs i t y as a radical agent o r rec ru i t ing env i ronment in perspec t ive to general move ment s t ra tegy .

d . T h e S D S "chapter1 1 and "community p ro jec t * a n d its un ivers i ty " cons t i t uency "—prob lems , potent ia ls , e tc .

e . R o l e of in te l lec tua ls , p ro fess iona ls , e t c . qua academic and profess ional l i ves—in what s e r l -se " r a d i c a l " and pa r t of movement— "suppor * " r o l e s o r " d i r e c t " ro les?

2 . Po l i t i ca l S t ra tegy C o n c e r n e d p r i m a r i l y w i th communi ty , r eg iona l ,

a n d nat ional s t ra teg ies as effect basic "movements" — " g e n e r a l po l i t i c s " .

a . "Ob jec t i ve Condi t ions 1965" T h e N a t u r e of Johnson Consensus and S t r a * t egy . Influence of t rends of economy, m i l i t a r y , c o r p o r a t i s m . A r e l ibera ls separable f r o m corpora t i s ts? Is labor separable f r o m corpora t i s t s?

b . Who is in " ou r movement "—in te r rac ia l move* ment of the poor? Other " independents"? Sympathe t i c l ibera ls? Can r e a c h "middle c l a s s " d i rec t ly? What f o rms and al l ies and sp l i ts is c iv i l r i gh t s movement taking now? C a n l ink people through " c a m p u s " , " p r o f e s s i o n a l s " , " i s s u e movements" (c iv i l r i g h t s , p e a c e , c iv i l l i be r t ies )?

c . H o w independent must " o u r movement" be? F r e e d o m Democra t i c P a r t i e s , " independent" o r broad coalit ions? "Coun te r - soc ie t y ideasV M F D P and S N C C people on thei r concept ion of al l iances and the F D P mode l .

d . Range of p ro io r i t i es and " s tages " of deve lop ment for local and reg ional movements—and f o r individual rad ica ls—what a r e rea l i ssues — h o w test them—what must w e k n o w th rough exper ience? P roposa l s for r e s e a r c h , e x per iment , fu r ther meet ings, e t c .

3 - Democracy and Organizat ional S t r u c t u r e a . H is tor ica l pe rspec t i ve—rad i ca l pol i t ics in

A m e r i c a and " in terna l d e m o c r a c y " — t h e S N C C exper ience thus f a r . F o r e i g n p e r spective .

b . T h e nature of S D S as a movemen t—how sensit ive to d ive rse consti tuency and opera te as "national o r g a n i s m " s imul taneous ly : d e cent ra l izat ion, less l eade rsh ip , the need to be sensit ive to b road potential const i tuency; need to be sensit ive to " r e g i o n a l " r e l a t i o n s , - -unwe i ldy nature of national coo rd ina t ion ; difficulties of represent ing S D S " in f i e ld " need for open-end d i v e r s i t y ; E R A P e r s on f ield exper ience that democracy is " l o c a l " exper ience p r i m a r i l y — d i l e m m a of " p o w e r " even in this set t ing; campus people on h o w to be open to b road g roup of people the re how to get "un i ty " and " d i v i s i o n " of labor simultaneously?

e . " T h e o r e t i c a l " p rob lems and " p r a c t i c a l " s o l u t ions?—Limi ts of " g roup dynamics " w i t h regional o r national s c a l e ; how to ba lance "openness" and "sensi t iv i ty w i th d i sc ip l i ne , genera l consensus , ability to " m o v e " in cer ta in w a y s regional ly and nationally? "Const i tut ional ly how can Conven t ion , C h a p t e r , Reg ions , P r o j e c t s , Nat ional C o u n c i l , National Office function to maximize democracy whi le achieving poli t ical d i rec t ions d e s i r e d — what re la t ive r o l e of each and l invts of each "p rac t i ca l l y " and " lega l ly "? H o w imp rove "communicat ions s y s t e m s " , internal d ia logue , etc?

d . Reso lu t ions, P r o p o s a l s , Issues for debate , proposed constitutional o r b y - l a w s o r a d m i n -st rat ive p r o c e d u r e s c h a n g e s — .

4 . " F o r e i g n P o l i c y " — T r e n d s , Connect ions to " D o mest ic " Issues and Cons t i t uency -Bu i l d ing , P r i o r i t i e s for S D S .

a . "Object ive Condi t ions 1965—trend of U S p o l -* ic ies v is—disarmament and a r m s c o n t r o l , U N

and mi i t i later ia l development ass is tance , E u r o p e , Communist W o r l d , T h i r d W o r l d —

b . H i s to ry of " S D S F o r e i g n P o l i c y " — i m p l i c i t s t rategic analys is behind t h i s .

c . R e v i e w of cu r ren t cha l lenges—respons ib i l i t ies —looming and cont inuing, c r i s e s , " o u t r a g e s " : expected " fu tu re object ive c o n d s " . O b s e r v e d

and expert r e s e a r c h and act ion n e e d s . d . Shi f t of n e w respons ib i l i t ies to S D S ? S i g n i

f icance of M a r c h on Washington? In te rna t ion a l demand. Other organizat ions v i e w S D S as catalyst and leader .

e . Real connect ions to domest ic issues? C o m m unity people d iscuss t h i s — f r o m N e w a r k to Miss iss ipp i—Di f ferent k i nds of connect ions :

genera l hardening of national s y s t e m ; m i l i t a ry o v e r an t i -pover ty p r i o r i t i e s .

f. A new "peace and an t i - imper ia l i sm movement" g . L im i t s of S D S " fore ign p o l i c y " — h o w s p e c i

fic? how heavi ly weighted in t e r m s of local con t . p . 8

B u r l a g e cont.

ac t i v i t y . H w " g e n e r a l " S D S leadersh ip re la t ions to other g roups—keep independence o r f ree ly enter cooperat ive sponsorship? D a n g e r s of losing community base? D a n g e r s of at t ract ing too much national p r e s s u r e too soon? Dangers of isolating posit ion on c a m puses? Balanced against responsibi l i t ies ancf potent ia ls .

h . Resolut ions on S D S ana lys is , p r o g r a m p r i o r i t i e s , p rocedures for c a r r y i n g out " f o re ign po l i cy " p r o g r a m s , e tc .

Cu l tu ra l Change and Soc ia l Change a . A l ienat ion and Po l i t i cs—cu l tu ra l roo ts b . T h e ar t is t and pol i t ics c . A r t and community pol i t ics as educat ion, p a r

t ic ipat ion, leaven to polit ical l i fe , advert l nt of concerns ( i deas , "case s t u d i e s " ) .

d . " P e r s o n a l " rebel l ion and pol i t ics—meaning of "sexual revo lu t i on " , youth revo l t , "h ip revo l t " , e tc .

e . Can S D S expand its p r o g r a m s , p u r p o s e s , "communi ty " to encompass these "mu l t i dimensional concerns and individuals without losing its basic pol i t ical "d isc ip l ine" and t r a jec tory?

Bas i c Va lues ike ha rd look at "value sect ion" expressed in >rt Hu ron Statemsnt and S D S express ion of lues expl ic i t ly or impticity since then—begin w i t h 'e rse panel of persons v iewing " S D S va lues" >m different perspect iv ies .

Economic change and polit ical change: " c o n t rad ic t ions" and " t r e n d s "

a . Automat ion: how v is ib le , how ca tac l ysm ic , how fast? T o w a r d more le isure o r n e w kinds of wo rk?

b . Economics : its "uses" for the movemen t . c . War on pove r t y : "opportuni ty" o r total

se l l -out . d . C o r p o r a t i s m : how manageable in the p u b l i c

interest? e . Economic t r ends : looming c r i s i s o r dogged

internal stagnation? f. Defense Conve rs i on : boom o r c r i s i s? g . What 's " r i p e " for organizing? h. Community su r veys—how useful for o r g a n i z

ing? How "un i ta ry " is local power?

T w o kinds of panels might be of such genera l in terest that they could be held dur ing general s e s s i o n s .

The f i rs t might be ent i t led: " A s Others See U s " —br ing ing together four people of d iverse b a c k grounds who a re fr iendly to S D S but a re f r o m ent irely different perspect ives and w i th ent i re ly different expectat ions, to talk about the ro le they would l ike to see S D S play nationally and the i r c r i t i c isms o r pra ise of S D S ' s ro le thus far ( the more cr i t ica l the be t t e r ! )

T h e second might be on " T h e N e w Lef t v i s - a - v i s Johnson's Consensus"—wi th a range of "pol i t ica l v iewpo in ts " .

ft you are moving please send you r n e w summer and fall address

to the S D S National Of f ice!

T h e r e a re r i c h people and poor people

The re a re r i c h people and poor people.

Middle c lass people a r e the same as r i c h peop le .

They have more things than they need

P o o r people dont have the things peoples needs.

L i k e w a r m clothes fo r w in ter

and food Blankets and bouses and b r e a d . The reason poor people dont have what they need is Because somebody took it

away Thats what it moans to be

r i ch It means stealing f r om

somebody e l se . T o be poo r it maans to

be hungry and co ld and ashamed

Because in A m e r i c a poor people a re b lamed. Rich people a re p ra ised People say that God has blessed and chosen them The i r money is a s ign

that they a re good. People in A m e r i c a

have sayings They s a y :

"God helps the man who helps

h imse l f . " When people see

a v e r y r i c h man

People S a y : " H e must be l iv ing

r igh t . " But when they see a

poor man They s a y : " B u m . "

Poor whi te people in the South a r e called t r a s h .

T r a s h is something you t h r o w a w a y .

That 's what happens to poor whi tes in the South

And to poor people e v e r y w h e r e . A m e n .

Jane Stembr idge

Booth cont .

Union, high school students come to say that the war w a s doing to Vietnam the opposite of what they hope' to do for Mississippi.

B y 11:30 the picket line completely encircled the Whitfc House as three trainloads from New Y o r k brought by S D S and Women St r i ke for Peace a r r i ved . At , 12:30, the long line started to walk down 15th and 17th streets to the Washington Monument grounds, where fo r 45 minutes marchers filed into the open-air Sylvan Theat re .

A s the marchers filed i n , Phi l Ochs, Bil l F reder ick , and the Freedom Voices sang about the war and what we would do with the peace if it could be won. Bob P a r r i s , a S N C C field wo rke r , gave the first speech of the p rogram, and set the mood of the ra l ly by talking about Alabama and Mississippi sharecroppers and the question of war in As ia .

He was followed by journalist ! . F . Stone who dissected and disposed of the official rationale of the fighting. P ro f . Staughton l_ynd of Yale talked about the movement of faculty, about the demand for genuine commitment that we are called on to make, and about the anti-democratic direction in which the U . S . is moving. Senator Ernest Gruening followed l_ynd, giving an unequivocal denunciation of the War. Gruening had been under considerable pressure not to appear from r ight -w ing columnists and from ihe administration. He ignored the p ressure , assisted the march cooi— dinators in overcoming the resistance of the Park Rol ice to staging the march down the mal l , and was rewa rded by receiving much greater press coverage fo r his position that it had previously been afforded.

Judy Coll ins then sang "The Times They A r e A -Changing. " Mrs , Carol King substituted for Iva Pea rce of the Cleveland Community Union, saying that poor people in Amer ica are direct victums of the war in Vietnam, which is foreclosing the chances fo r a ser ious attack on poverty by wasting the money in As ia and by turning Amer ica into an armsd camp. M r s . Pearce 's son had been in an auto accident the prev ious day, and M r s . King read her speech.

F*aul Potter gave the final speech, articulating the radical analysis of the march , identifying extent of the task by arguing that the issue of democracy could not be avoided, and pleading that the marchers take up the serious work of organizing a new left to oppose w a r .

MOOD O f T H E M A R C H

A s the press noted, the mood of the march was militant. The Sylvan Theatre audience responded most vigorously to the strongest stated speeches of P r o f . L_ynd, and S D S President Pot ter , whose concluding address brought the whole assemblage to its feet.

A s wel l the marchers communicated to each other their shared commitment to car ry on the task of building opposition to the w a r . Only an impercep-tive press (of which there was a healthy representation) could miss the observation that a real movement against the war was represented in Washington.

cont. p. 10

The real and exact job of a cop: S T O P S T O P

That is also true of executive committees and every government and organization in the whole wor ld

except small quick ones

and plain people who love.

Jane Stembridge

sds national office is mo/ins to chicas© may 14

new address: IIOJ £«"*» Chicago 57, I I I

Booth cont.

R o t t e r ' s speech w a s the most successful in meeting

sLeT&Trci ?th: march p,anners that •«* ors speeches 90 far beyond the simple statemant that he w a r ,s b a d . H e emphasized that the roo ts of he w a r a r e embedded deep in ou r s o i l , and that if w e w e r e s e r i o u s about ending the w a r " w e

wou ld go home to engage in the ha rd w o r k of bu.ld.ng a movement committed to the achievement of democracy in A m e r i c a and conscious that the issues of w a r and peace , of jobs and f reedom, and of the f ree umvers i t y , must be solved by people in move -ment . Fo l l ow ing P o t t e r ' s cal l for the construct ion of such a movement , the 20 ,000 m a r c h e r s p roceeded up the Mall to the foot of the Cap i to l , singing "We

oKf^°uerCOme" ° e d by J ° a n Bae2> Juc|y ° ° H ^ , Ph i l O c h s , and B a r b a r a D a n e ) , and then chanting " N o More W a r - . T h e m a r c h e r s f i l led the Mall 80 abreast and seve ra l city b locks length . ( A s they approached 1st S t r e e t the g round underneath Gran t ' s Monument s h o o k . )

E F F E C T O F T H E M A R C H

Throughou t the w e e k e n d , the congress ional oppos ition to the w a r began to come out of hiding ( p e r haps due to the M a r c h , perhaps to the sp i r i t of the s e a s o n ) . C h a i r m a n J . W m . Fu lb r igh t of the Senate F o r e i g n Relat ions Committee announced opposit ion to the bombings of N o r t h V ie tnam, and rece ived b a c k ing f r o m other committee members including D i x i e -c ra t John S p a r k m a n ( A l a . ) , and two Republ icans— F r a n k C a r l s o n ( K a n s . ) and Geo rge A i k e n ( V t . ) ,

In response to th is development, the M a r c h , and the pers is tence of substant ial opposit ion as shown in the po l ls (opponents number over 33% accord ing to G a l lup) the admin is t ra t ion is sending out t ru th squads to the campuses and is beginning to blast the peace f o r c e s th rough such h igh- level moutHs as Sena to r Russe l l L o n g and columists James Reston and Joseph A l s o p . A n d , McGeorge Bundy has ag reed to appear in a conferentat ion wi th the an t i -wa r academic fo rces at a national teach- in May I5th.

T h e M a r c h has a lso se rved to spur the peace move ment to a higher level of act iv i ty . One example is the national t e a c h - i n , sponsored by Michigan faculty,, the o r i g i na to r s of the " t e a c h - i n " . A panel argument be tween Bundy and th ree support ing academics and G e o r g e C a h i n , Hans Morgnethau, Wil l iam A . W i l l i a m s , and H a r r y Benda wi l l be piped into hal ls al l o v e r the c o u n t r y . T h e 15th, A r m e d F o r c e s D a y , w i l l a lso be m a r k e d by demonstrat ions.

A second response w a s the national E n d the War in V ie tnam Week cal led by the S D S National C o u n ci l f o r May 3 - 8 . L o c a l g roups staged demonst ra t i ons , r a l l i e s , t e a c h - i n s , and other activit ies cu lm in at ing in coord inated demonstrat ions on the 8 th , p r o testing both the w a r in Vietnam and A m e r i c a n i n tervent ion in the Domin ican Repub l i c .

A t h i r d evidence of the g row ing activity is the begi-r nn ing of p lans for fu l l - t ime summer p r o g r a m s . A

fo l l ow-up meeting of 70 local V ie tnam coord ina tors .was held the evening of the M a r c h , and it p roposed

W A N T E D : B U L L E T I N A R T I C L E S

Please send informat ion on your loca l chapter act iv i t ies, demons t ra t i ons , community p r o j e c t s , e t c .

a general meeting to decide summer p r o g r a m . T h i s conference was held May 9th by S P A C , the S w a t h r r o r e S D S chap te r .

A n d , a c r i s i s - r e s p o n s e committee set up b y the national counci l met A p r i l 26th and is c i r cu la t ing a 4-point p r o g r a m including student s t r i k e , i n te rna t ion al act ion, encouragement of non-coopera t ion w<th the w a r among s o l d i e r s , and d i rec t ac t ion .

O T H E R A C T I O N

Al though the M a r c h w a s the b ig s h o w , A p r i l 17th s a w simultaneous demonst ra t ions in P o r t l a n d , S a n F r a n c i s c o , and L o s A n g e l e s , a n d , most i m p o r t a n t , at the L B J R a n c h . A Houston g r o u p , w i t h the help of the U - T e x a s S D S g r o u p , s taged a 2 4 -hour , 450-man vigi l in f ront of P res iden t Johnson 's r a n c h . T h e Pres iden t felt moved to issue an E a s - i t e r Sunday statement that he had not s w e r v e d f r o m ; h is prev ious ly stated c o u r s e of ac t ion .

Ac tua l l y , the biggest s h o w w a s going on in H o n o lu lu , w h e r e the top mi l i ta ry hands met d u r i n g the Eas te r week to decide on an unannounced po l icy of gradual introduct ion of tens of thousands of U . S . combat t r o o p s . M c N a m a r a r e t u r n e d f r o m th is meet ing w ' th the statement that attention wou ld n o w shift back to the gue r r i l l a w a r . T h e Mar ines have b e

gun to engage in dist inct ly undefensive f o r a y s . T h e Coast G u a r d is being sent to help pat ro l the coas t . O v e r 40,000 t roops a re a l ready in the S o u t h , and w e should be p r e p a r e d to see that number i n c r e a s e by as much as 5000 a w e e k .

T h e remarkab le express ion of opposit ion has only succeeded in d r i v i ng the p r o c e s s of dec i s i on -mak ing into deeper s e c r e c y . T h e d a y s ahead w i l l p r o v i d e g rea te r and g r e a t e r chal lenges to the left as the A m e r i c a n entanglement becomes less and l e s s e x -t r i cab le . T h e heat is o n . A *

T h e important lesson of the M a r c h on Washington i s that w e a r e m a n y , and that w e can apply a lo t of heat ourse lves if w e so c h o o s e . L e t us bu i l d tbe , movement of opposit ion that w e have begun so s u c c e ss fu l l y .

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E R A P is n o w taking appl icat ions fo r summer and fu l l - t ime o r g a n i z e r s . Wr i te t o : Economic R e s e a r c h and A c t i o n P r o j e c t

1100 Eas t Washington A n n A r b o r , Mich igan

literature list S T U D E N T S F O R A D E M O C R A T I C S O C I E T Y

A B O U T S D S (al l i tems f r e e ; if poss ib le , please contr ibute for P H S and A N E )

S D S Const i tut ion P o r*« H u r o n Sta tement . 64 page manifesto of values and bel iefs. Produc t of 1962 S D S convent ion. (Espec ia l l y recommended) (35£ appreciated) A m e r i c a and the N e w E r a . Ana lys is of the "Amer i can S c e n e " and strategy for dealing w i t h I t . P r o d u c t of the 1963 convent ion. (I5£ appreciated) A Movement of Many Vo i ces . Descr ipt ion of E R A P projects and afff i l iates.

S T U D E N T S A N D T H E U N I V E R S I T Y

{ I0£ ) Pau l B o o t h : A Strategy for Univers i ty Re fo rm (I0£) T o d d G i t l i n : Student Pol i t ical Ac t i on , 1960-63 — The V i e w of a Par t ic ipant (10£) A l H a b e r : Students and L a b o r (IQ£) T o m H a y d e n : S'.udent Soc ia l Act ion (Especial ly recommended) (IQ£) C . C l a r k K i s s i n g e r : T h e B r u n s S t r i ke — Student Par t ic ipat ion in l_abor

__(I0£) Don M c K e l v e y : The Doct r ine of Unf reedom, Univers i ty R e f o r m , and Campus Pol i t i ca l P a r t i e s ( I0£) E r i c L-evine: T h e Berke ley F r e e Speech Cont roversy ( I0£) C . Wright M i l l s : Le t te r to the N e w Lef t ( I0£) Pau l P o t t e r : T h e Intellectual as an Agent of Soc ia l Chang© (IQ£) Pau l P o t t e r : T h e Univers i ty and the Cold War (1G£) Bob R o s s : T h e United States National Student A s s o c i a t i o n . — A Po l i cy Cr i t ique ( I0£) C a r l Wi t tman: Students and Economic Act ion

C I V I L R I G H T S A N D C O M M U N I T Y O R G A N I Z A T I O N

( I0£) Noe l D a y : T h e F r e e d o m Movement In Massachusetts ( I0£) Noe l D a y : A White A m e r i c a in a Non-White Wor ld ( I0£) N i ck E g l e s o n : T h e S u r v e y and Community Organizat ion ( I0£) W a r r e n H a g g s t r o m : T h e P o w e r of the P o o r ( I0£) T o m H a y d e n : C iv i l Rights in the United States (10£) T o m Hayden and C a r l Wit tman: A n In ter rac ia l Movement of the P o o r (7-S£) T o m K a h n : Economics of Equal i ty ( I0£) Char les L e B e a u x : L i fe on A D C — Budgets of Despa i r (|0£) Jack Minnls : T h e Care and Feeding of P o w e r S t r u c t u r e s ( I0£) Pau l Po t t e r : Research and Educat ion in Community Ac t i on P ro j ec t s (10^) S w a r t h m o r e S D S : Ches te r , P a . — B lock Organizat ion ( I0£) Nicholas V o n Hoffman: F ind ing and Making L e a d e r s (|0£) Rober t L a m b : Suggest ions for a Study of Y o u r Hometown (\0£) Rennle D a v i s : Mississippi F r e e d o m Democra t i c P a r t y

E C O N O M I C S

( 5£) B ib l iography on the A m e r i c a n E c o n o m y : L e e Webb (|0£) Ray B r o w n : Ou r C r i s i s Economy (new rev i sed edit ion) (Espec ia l l y recommended) ( I0£) Robb B u r l a g e : T h e A m e r i c a n Planned Economy — A Cr i t ique (|0<i) Robb B u r l a g e : T h i s is War? — A n Ana lys is of the W a r on Pove r t y w i th Emphas is

on Appalachia (|0£) Robb B u r l a g e : The South as an' Underdeveloped Count ry (|Q£) Committee on the T r i p l e Revolu t ion: The T r i p l e Revolut ion (I0<£) Bob Hei f i tz : A Draf t P r o g r a m for Eas te rn Kentucky (IG<£) Ken McEldowney ( e d . ) : Readings on Pove r t y (|0£) B e r n a r d Noss i te r and Dav id Baze lon : T h e N e w F o l k l o r e of Capi ta l ism (|0£) Nyack Conference on Unemployment and Soc ia l Change—Work ing P a p e r s

EACE

_(I0£) Nancy Bancroft: The Chr is t ian Peace Concern _(I0£) Paul Booth: Economic Convers ion and the War on Poverty _(I0£) Dick Flacks and Tom Hay d e n : N j Q W Possibilities for Peace _(I0£) Todd Gitlin: Bibliography of W a r / P e a c e Books _(I0£) Todd Gitlin: Deterrence and FReaiity Where Strategy Comes From _(I0£) Todd Gitlin: The Case Against the Draft _(I0£) Ken McEldowney: Disarmament and the American Economy _(I0£) Don McKelvey: Economic Development, the Major P o w e r s , and Peace

DRE1GN POLICY

_(I0£) David Arnold: Vietnam—Symptom of a World Malaise _{I0£) Andrew Frank: Exploitation on Aid—-U.S. - Br-az.il Economic Relations _(I0£) Todd Gitlin: Vietnam-A S e l e c t e d Bibliography _(I0£) Don McKelvey: China _(I0£) Sen. Wayne Morse: Speech on Vietnam _(I0£) Chris Hobson: Vietnam: W h i c h Way Out? _(I0£) Bob t_aufer: South Afr ica: "The Meaning of Apartheid __(25£) Carl Oglesby: The Vietnam W a r : World Revolution and American Containment

DLITICS

_(I0£) Noel Day: The American L_eft—Post-election Prospects and Problems _(I0£) Eugene Feingold and Tom H a y d e n : Politics 1965—Corporatism and Crisis _(I0£) Tom Hayden: The Power of the Dixicrats _(I0£) Tom Hayden: Liberal Ana lys is and Federal P o w e r _(I0£) Sumner Rosen: Liberals and Reality _(I0£) Carl Wittman: Seminar on M a r x i s m

30M T H E P O L I T I C A L E D U C A T I O N P R O J E C T

_(I0£) Robb Burlage: Johnson with E y e s Open jl0$) Tom Gish: This is the War that is _(I0£) Steve Max and Doug Ireland: When the Southern Vote was Counted _(I0£) Jim Williams: March on F r a n k f o r t

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sase use this order form. Bulk r a t e s available to organized chapters.

nd to S T U D E N T S J=OR A D E M O C R A T I C S O C I E T Y , U03 East 63rd S t . , Chicago 37, Illinois

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wish to join and enclose { ) $1 Initiation & ( ) $2 year dues . am ordering literature checked and enclose $— in payment.

=»lease send me information on S D S a n d mailing for two months. wish to contribute to S D S : $ enclosed (contributes a n e t a x _ e x e m p t ) . am a member: enclosed is $_T for 6 4 - 6 5 dues

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SDS BULL£ MN — V U L , i W ' ^ - -c Society, 1103 1. .3 rd15: .Chicago, I U . 5 C 3 " -

SPECIAL ED HON) Students for a Oeraocra>ic Society, 1103 1. »3riJWChicago, 111^337; H2-;G7-SC50

LATE, LATE WEUS: The verv interne national publicity given to SDS and if program 7p^po~s~eT~draTt - see infra) has caused us to abridge our previously liautifully laid out title page in favor of soma last minute notes on response to the crisis.

Flrsc, we in the office vie% the publicity as the greatest opportunity the antiwar movement has yat had. In the guise ^ scandalous exposure, va have seen antiwar leaflets photostated on the front page of newspapers with circulations in the millins. We could have been at the mimeograph for ten years, and not reached as many draftabi? young man with our program as the press has reached for us in five days.

£ven the attacks on us are an opportunity for a response of anti-war statements. The important thirty is never to let our critics get us debating about communists in the lo/emant, the reactions of Hanoi to marches, the wisdom or legality of draftcard bvrning. The isûe is, tha war, and we must not let anyone for jet it. Uhen Booth was asked Loday in Washington about draft card burnings, ha answered on national TV that it was a trivial point when compared to the burning of villages in S. Vietnam. Then L W and Katzenbach attacked SDS, we in Chicago announced a press conference to '< respond to Johnson." A very large turnout of reporters and cameramen resulted; we said taat 1.BJ wasn*t going to deter our anti-war program, and then spent an hour calkins about the issues of the war: self-determination, right-wing dictator Ky, lies by the Administration, etc. In short, every attack by the opposition can be used as the occasion lor an attack on the war by us, cleverly disguised as a response to the original attack.

Ue feel that ail temptations to respond to Red-baiting, to organize "Defense of SDS Committees," etc. should be strongly resisted. vou never win a Ked-baiting fight except by ignoring the attack — - refusing to grant the main point that itfs a legit. ground of discussion. Civil liberties, too, is an important issue, but not how. To begin arguing about whether someone has a right to protest is admirable, and it may win civil liberties converts; but it also diverts attention frora whether a Vietnamese peasant has the right to run his own country.

We also faei that people should remind themselves that Red-baiting can*t hurt us internally. The movement itself can't suffer from it. 1*3 don't have the kinds of institutional positions which can b3 hurt by it. SDS people are not going to lose ".hair ;obs If someone calls them a Red. Red-baiting, of course, might make the great white middle listen to us less about the war. 3ut as we said above, to respond to tha attack will cause jven a greater loss. To Minimize the loss, talk about the war!

All reports seem to indicate that SDS has grown fantastically in the last few days. Our new visibility on campus ieens to have brought people flocking to SDS. Our Harvard organiser reports that he walked into Harvard Yard with 30 membership cards and had to go back for raora ~hour later on the day after the first press. He wasn't lying. Ue just got bO new membership cards from him special delivery. (+$100)

In this light, we think that this period should be treated as a prime recruiting period, like the beginning of tha term. Tables could he set up again on campus: people who walked by, oblivious, on registration day, might stop now. Meetings could be called to explain SDS to people on the campus. And of course, the furor should give an opportunity to set up debates on, say, war crimes.

People should try to raise money as the opportunity affords. And you should call into the office; don't allow us to stay out of touch with you and with your assessment of the political climate in your area. Perhaps you feel that the above comments are not relevant to you. And, most important, think seriously about how we can keep up the momentum of the movement at this peak. Should we re-evaluate our KC decision about playing down national activity? Should we step up our emphasis of the Hov. 27 tiarch on Washington? Should we encourage another weekend of local demonstrations? How can we get churches, unionists, and others to use the legitimacy we have given to anti-war protest to now come out against the war? —ilothstein and Shero*lQQl

The Bulletin cover is by Judy Binder, the conclusion of her antiwar series entitled The collage on the address sheet is by U. Zdwin Ver Becke, a recent organizer of Artists for Peace and freedom,Focus: Uar in Vietnam. SDS Bulletin is published semi-monthly (except June & Jan when monthly); opinions responsibility of writer -•' unsigned articles responsibility of editor.

1.

The following dialogue presents the two sides of the membership referendum on whether to abolish the offices of President and Vice-President or not. Your ballot is on the mailing flap of the enclosed envelope. Your vote will be counted only if you have paid this vear's dues to SDS.

Following is the proposed amendment:

Amendmen t:

The offices of President and Vice-President are abolished. The role of President will be filled by a National Council Chairman elected to a term of three months by tne National Council at its regular meetings, with the exception of the convention where the elec* tion will be conducted in pleniary session.

For A b o l i t i o n The President and Vice-President are

offices that all standard organizational structures contain. We have continued to elect them as a matter of course without examining their functional roles, tacitly assuming them to be good and necessary. After five months as Vice-President, I have discovered no functional role for the office except to satisfy the yearnings of various rallies, ladies luncheons, and other assorted groups to have a "leader" or national spokesman appear before them. I believe this to be largely true for the President as well.

I think we need to re-examine these offices and abolish them as outmoded forms not in keeping with the spirit of SDS.

SDS is working toward the recognition of the dignity and individual responsibility of men. This belief in the dignity and responsibility of individuals is manifested in our belief that democracy is not only a good ideal, but also a workable one. SDS has

REFERENDUM: placed emphasis on a democracy of participation, where the people directly concerned with a problem can enjoy the democratic method of effecting its solution. This concept of participatory democracy implies localized organizational forms, in which people, members in this case, can adequately manage their affairs.

The offices of President and Vice-President run counter to this ideal by stressing national figureheads. We must ask, Why do we need national figureheads? The answer, We need a President and Vice-President to give face to the organization, that is, to give national pronouncements to the press that characterize SDS and its thinking, is inadequate.

However, there surely is a need for some policy decisions to be made between National Council meetings. This role is currently assumed by the National Administrative Committee which is elected by the National Council. The President and Vice-President are not necessarily members of this committee.

The passage of this amendment would, indicate that the membership desires increased decentralization of power. It would also be an impetus for the concept of functional organization—that is, people wfcthin SDS should not be titled other than by the work they perform, for example, printer, fund raiser, campus traveller, or organizer, and that decisions about these areas are best made by the people concerned with them.

There are two factors that one should consider before voting for this amendment. If you believe the creation of the Chairman of the National Council is unneeded, because that too is over-structured, then you may want to vote no. Your other concern should be to the existence of the National Secretary which would then be the most powerful figure in the organization, whose pri-

marv i°k i s Political officer, subject ™ i y to the review of the National Ad-ministrative Committee. Voting for the amendment would aignffy either you believe that the office of National Secretary will soon be abolished, or that you approve of the National Secretary as the sole and most powerful national organizational figure.

All things considered, 1 n*v* n° difficulty in deciding to vote for the abolishment of my office.

--Jeff Shero

A g a i n s t A b o l i t i o n

In the p a s t , the President of SDS has been a major force in unifying the o rgan i za t i on . The role of overseeing and speaking for the organizat ion i s a funct ion properly f i l l ed by e l e c t i o n to the Presidency, and I think abo l i t ion of t h e pos i t ion would be extremely i l l -adv i sed .

TKe p r e s i d e n t of SDS t r a d i t i o n a l l y gets i n v i t e d - - b e c a u s e he i s P res iden t — to speak n o t only before l ad i e s garden s o c i e t i e s , but to groups on campuses where ê hmê chap te r s . This gives him an o p p o r t u n i t y both to present the most a r t i c u l a t e "face" of SDS to the s tudents and f a c u l t y a t tha t school , and to t a lk t o t h e members, find out what the i r f e e l i n g s a r e , and over a per iod of time accumulate enough in s igh t i n t o the s t a t e of the organiza t ion a t i t s R r a s s r o o t s to be able to come up with an informed view of what ' s needed.

Xhe o r g a n i s a t i o n should have an e lec ted o f f i ce r in whose p o l i t i c a l judgment i t puts i t s f a i t h , not only to speak f o r i t , but t o report t o the members on t h e p o l i t i c a l problems faced by the o t h e r p a r t s of the o rgan i za t i on . This j o b should not be l e f t t o chance, or to h i r e d s t a f f . The e l e c t i o n of off icers t o perform p o l i t i c a l d u t i e s and carry o u t r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s i s a sens ible h a b i t which we should r e t a i n .

—Paul Booth

ANNOUNCEMENT

ubscribe! The cost of put t ing out the B u l l e t i n i s LARGE. Therefore, t h i s year we a r e necess i t a t ed charging money to help defray p r i n t i n g c o s t s . Only One Dol lar wi l l guarantee y o u r receiving the Bul le t in if you're an SDS Member.. . .Three Dollars if you're not yet a Member.

FURTHER A N N O U N C E M E N T

The Bul le t in needs you to send in a r t i c l e s of general i n t e re s t to SDS Members—also, photographs, drawings, c a r t o o n s , poems, e t c .

DON'T PUT IT O F F - A C T NOW!

Stcif f

A major debate took place at the Indiana National Council over the responsibility of the national office, A close vote of 16-14 between two plans resulted in the preservation of the office of national secretary and the creation of a national administrative committee with which the national secretary shares responsibility for supervision of the office.

The losing motion would have ended the office of national secretary. It sought to ^lace the staff in much greater control of the office.

Much of the debate centered around recounting the de'clihe in functioning of the summer office. Although the first half of the summer was characterized by a financial1crisis, during the second half, an office 6f over a dozen was, the consensus"held, beset by considerable problems.

A. new staff has subsequently been built up, as follows: ' Paul Booth, national secretary Jeff Shero, bulletin'editor Don Yost, assistant bulletin editot-San Mennett, office manager D. Gorton, photo project C. Clark Kissinger, fund-raising Honey Williams, fund-raising Steve Goldsmith,. Chicago area Jim Russell, national campus coordinator Jack Kittredge,. midwest regional desk Dena Clamage, Vietnam staff ArneHe Douglas, *.printer

We have-a weekly payroll of over $250,

Vietnam

At the • NC,' the Vietnam resolution adopted as the guiding principle of the SDS Vietnam program was the notion that our role at this time is to promote radical education on the campus. Deepening the campus constituency will be the first priority ' during the coming months, and our programatic emphasis will be on "action t?hat educates" as

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ORT

opposed to "action that demonstrates". Our publishing program will be accelerated. Study guides on the third world around which you can easily organize seminars have been prepared, including an excellent one oh Vietnam by Steven Rosenthal (10c).

The other priorities, in order, are: a) Program on the draft: We will be

aiming through this program to mobilize opposition to the war among draft-age people- On the campus and in the community we will be encouraging people our age to file form ?>150--the conscientious objector form--stating their own personal reasons for objecting to fighting. We- will train SDS members and others to be draft counselors--giving advice and making known the facts of many ways in which people have stayed out of the draft. We will be printing supporting literature and we will try to convert advice to individuals into public opposition and movement against the war; on campus we will expose the cooperation of the university registrars who identify draftable students for the selective service; off campus we will expose and confront members of the draft boards and we will try to build a movement among draft-age and high school youth. Paul Lauter is writing a short guide to filling out the CO form and is arranging cooperation with other organizations with experience in this area. He is producing a collection of non-religious CO statements that W v e worked. The full program will be submitted to a membership referendum within the next month.

b) International: We are beginning contacts with other unions of students. We are endorsing in principle the International Student Strike. The student strike would emphasize the tie-ins of American Universities in the cold war. The NC decided that no call should be issued prior to the December NC. Soundings with national unions of students in Japan, Britain, and France had suggested a late November date as commonly acceptable. They will not proceed if

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the call does not come from us. c) Relations with other groups: Re

lations with the National Coordinating Committee to End the oWar in Vietnam (NCC) in Madison: The NC decided it would like to help build the NCC into a genuine coordinating outfit. We urged groups to coordinate the October 15-16 action through it. We are submitting a regular news column to the Bi-Weekly Information Action Report, Box 1995, Ann Arbor, Michigan ($2), and we recommend that you subscribe to it for movement news. We are publishing an irregular Vietnam Discussion Bulletin, for discussion of strategy.

Also on Vietnam, the NAC, as mandated, created a Vietnam Committee to give political direction to the Vietnam staff. The committee includes:

in Chicago: Paul Booth, Dick Flacks, Nanci Gitlin, and Jeff Shero.

outside: Roger Keeran (Detroit), Marilyn Miiligan (Berkeley), someone from the New York committee, and John Maher (Boston)* The Vietnam staff and Carl Oglesby are members ex-officio. The Committee is charged with considering proposals for a Second March on Washington as well as week-to-week matters.

Student Strike

The National Council turned back a move to hold the proposed campus strike this Fall by a vote of 24-10 with 2 abstentions.

The mail ballot, initiated by the Boston regional council, stemmed from dissatisfact ion with the National Council 's ambivalent decision on the strike.

While endorsing the strike Jji prin-c_i£l£, because of the attractiveness of the tactic, the NC felt that it had to give it time before it became a real possibility.

Currently the Vietnam Committee of SDS is encouraging chapters to gauge and build support by circulating petitions saying "I will participate in a campus strike to end the war."

The strike is seen as especially appropriate on camouses where there exists considerable defense research, or where the Registrar is cooperating with

the Draft by sending in names of stud-ents in the lowest 4th of their class, and students are being drafted.

Research on ties between the University and the Cold War, aiming at dramatically exposing these relationships on camouses, is going on at Berkeley, Stanford, and Wayne State.

Other campuses are experimenting with anti-war rallies, teach-outs, etc. that compete with classes and hope tc gauge support for an international stay-out.

As well, contacts with Internationa unions of students in France, Japan England and elsewhere assure us of con siderable support to a worldwide call The Vietnam Committee will have a draf of the Call and a report on dates fo the Winter NC.

October 23-25 are the dates for the Ne England SOS Convention, to be held a Harvard University In Cambridge, Mass The Convention and Workshops will b addressed by Noel Day, Robb Burl age and Carl Oglesby. People can start ar riving Friday night. For further in formation, write the Regional Office Apt. 6, 241 River St., Cambridge, c call the Office at 547-5457.

RED AMENDMENT .ft JIMUll '' • • • • • • • • • • • • • • » • • » • • » » I I «M

This Summer the SDS National Convention voted to amend the Constitution and eliminate those clauses dealing with anti-Communism. The reason for this action was twofold: First, these sections were seen as being negative and exclusionary. Instead of attacking particular points of view, it was felt that SDS should take a positive position and affirm what we believe. Second, It was felt that the sections smacked of Red-baiting, and that the New Left should not concern itself with this Old Left tactic. Following is the text of the two sections as amended and as they were prior to amendment.

A. Preamble: (WAS)...It (SDS) maintains a vision of a democratic society, where at all levels the people have control

:>.

of the decisions which effect them and the resources on which they are dependent. it seeks relevance through the\ rontinual focus on realities and on the V

MAKE LOVE NOT WAR bumper stickers are now available! The stickers are white on blue, printed on heavy adhesive paper and are 4 X 16" • Retail* they are 50c each, and wholesale prices on lots of 100 are available on request. Order From: Clayton Ruby, c/o SUPA, 658 Spad-ina, Toronto, Canada.

pecially among the poor peaple, i do feel that all of us got a great under-

i standing because we let every one talk V about his problem and how he felt he

should go about ambolishing this problem, at first i had the idea that t-hings would become tiresom and uninterested and may i say that i was taken by complete surprise, never before in all of my gatherings had i been completely spellbound, never before have i had the pleasure of listen to poor peaple like myself make such a fine speech, never again will i doubt the voice and opinions of one less fortuneate than some others, how brave and egar they were to protest and march, and if nessary to keep there children out of school in order to let some one know that thye were tired of sending their childrens to old and ugly schools, schools that tought reading two ore more years behind better schools, schools..., how they talk about the rich man draining the poor peaple and thfnkin that the poor man is unaware of what is going on, .how for years that the rich man has promised to give and never does, i a-long with the rest of the group think it is about time to march and protest and if nessary protest in front of there landlords home if he refuse to fix up his building, but i must say this can not be accomplished if we do not orginize and come to meetings, and stop being satisfie with what they have been giving us, stop listen to there sad and fake stories, with out us they are lost, we do play an important part in there lives...without our poor dal-t.ars vhere would they be, without adc Mothers vhere would the social workers be, and on the other hand why dont we ask them abo it the things there dough-ters do, and some of the places they go, and see if things are as bad as they say we are.

From Cleveland--by Lillian Craig

...the General Assembly was held and Good-byes were said. The atmosphere of the conference was similar to the Cleveland Conference. It was one of Love, Goncern and the wanting to better themselves. The problems the people

NEWARK CONFERENCE Reprinted from ERAP Newsletter

The following are reports from participants in the second Community Conference which was held the 28th and 29th of August in Newark:

i am writing about my trip to new-arks peaples confrence, and i can truly say that not onley myself but all involve had a joyous time, we all went to get our problems worked out and to make things better among ourselves, and exs-

programs necessary to effect change at the most basic levels of economic, political, and social organization. IT FEELS TOE URGENCY TO PUT FORTH A RADICAL, OS^ GRATIC PROGRAM COUNTERPOSED TO AUTHOR!WJVFA^ MOVEMENTS BOTH OF COMMUNI S AlsT< "HE DOMESTIC RIGHT. , S :-JOW)...IT FEELS THE URGENCY TO PUT

tH A RADICAL, DEMOCRATIC PROGRAM tfHOSE METHODS EMBODY THE DEMOCRATIC VISION. B. Article III, Section 2 - Membership (WAS).-.SDS is an organization of democrats. It is civil libertarian in its treatment of those with whom it disagrees, BUT CLEAR IN ITS OPPOSITION TO ANY TOTALITARIAN PRINCIPLE AS A BASIS FOR GOVERNMENT OR SOCIAL ORGANIZATION. ADVOCATES OR APOLOGISTS FOR SUCH A PRINCIPLE ARE NOT ELIGIBLE FOR MEMBERSHIP. (IS NOW)...It is civil libertarian in its treatment of those with whom it disagrees, BUT CLEAR IN ITS OPPOSITION TO ANY ANTI-DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLE AS A BASIS FOR GOVERNMENTAL/SOCIAL, OR POLITICAL ORGANIZATION.

talked about were so siir ttfye thought they bad same c i ty in the same star. have thought that they race, the same age T~

f prticipants of the Corpora eight months old

the s ix t i e s . The races •nee was also a wide rang t i e s were many, Caucasian Eskimo, Indian, and Meg Conference was one of ang one of disgusted people, the way the SYSTEM oppre nates them.

The Most in teres t ing V. week-end in Newark, T ha last and i t was the M..,. d< in the afternoon on Satu the afternoon workshop an 1 the March in Cleveland test the inadeauaries aero A loudspeaker system was one of the qars and Vc everyone know in the do ark what we were doing a people wefe there and v from, Singing, l inking h and people speaking made in teres t ing . The Police c. •lowly in the s t r ee t watcl move, They lined up cars while we r a l l i e d ar A boy from Selma express ment that if the peop1

could demonstrate for i< lieved in, so could we, e\ oppressed and i s being d necessi t ies of l i f e al denied our own se l f - re spec

My own feeling about was one of mixed feel I that i t was not abl? r< one of complete awe that should be a national m POOR, I guess the wanting; ference to last longer war ishness. because I cH.dn-Good-bye and I knew T seeing these people 3gal possible six months.

But there WILL be.anof. ference. There has to be we don*t know where i*? ! ' but as more and more, peo involvement there has f: Conference.

lar ypu wpuld :>me from the *.. You would 'ere the same ages of the rence ranged

> possibly in : the Confer-, Nationalir Puerto Rican. o. Yet, the y people and disgusted at ses and doroi«

ing about the a saved until It was he14

lay, between dinner. Like . was to pro-;s the Nation* hooked up to used to let town of New* why all the re they came ids together, ie March very ars rpda very ing our every id sat in the und the park* ed his senti* ?. from Selma lat they be-*ryo«e who is lied the bare lg with being

ie Conference gs. One was last, longer. here can and *ment of the :or the Conr one of self* want to say would not be for another

er such Con* ! This time going to bef :le come into ) be another

1 "would "be~"interested in putt ing together a booklet on hi tch-hiking if you could get a note in the bu l l e t i n asking people to send me information about specific s t a t e s . I would l ike espec ia l ly information on police a t t i t u d e s on different c lass i f i ca t ions of highways, and how to get out of major c i t i e s . Also a few p i t f a l l s in spec i f i c areas - - places not to be, e s p e c i a l l y af ter dark. Send information t o : G« Dean Zimmermann 740 Bast Main Street

| Valley City, North Dakota

CHAPTER MEWS Since the March on Washington, sds

has grown enormously. At t h i s j u n c t u r e in histpry there are 89 chapters and a membership of around 3,000. The c h a p ters break down into 84 a t c o l l e g e r , one at a high school, and 4 wi th a t -large memberships in c i t i e s . However, there i s some question about the a c c u r acy of these figures since not a l l o f the chapters have communicated wi th t h e national office yet th is year and t h e r e are chapters forming that have l i k e w i s e not been heard from.

During the slack summer months 9 chapters were formed. They a r e : U n i vers i ty of Missouri at Kansas C i t y , Houston-at^large, I l l i n o i s S ta te U n i versi ty at Normal, Colorado S t a t e , Ken tucky University, Washington U n i v e r s i t y in St . Louis, Penn State, U n i v e r s i t y o f Oregon, and the University of Iowa.

I t is l ikely that in the near f u t u r e there wi l l be chapters at the U n i v e r s i ty of Florida, University of Nebraska , San Jose State (Ca l i f . ) , Un ive r s i t y of Arizona, Central Washington S t a t e C o l lege, and a poss ib i l i ty of an a f f i l i a t e at Auckland University, Auckland, New Zealand.

Structural ly , the r e l a t i ons of t h e chapters to the national o r g a n i z a t i o n are changing on two leve ls , both r e fleeting decentralizing t e n d e n c i e s within the whole framework. The most obvious resu l t has been the subd iv id ing of the country into regions e i t h e r s e r viced by offices or t r ave l l e r s or both""

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Thus there are regional o f f i c e s in Boston , New York, San Franc isco , and Los Angeles. These coupled with the work of t r a v e l l e r s in the Southwest, Midwest and Ohio have broken down the d i r ec t l i nk between the n a t i o n a l office with a l l face ts and stages of chapter a c t i v i t y and ex i s t ence .

On the loca l level more and more ac t i v i t y seems to be as a r e s u l t of local i n i t i a t i v e and imagination ra ther than r e l i a n c e upon t r a d i t i o n a l modes of act i v i t y eminating from a p a s t h i s to ry of expected concerns of s tudent groups. Thus most correspondence coming into the N.O. is of an informative nature a-bout loca l a c t i v i t y r a t h e r than asking what to do. For tha t reason most of the dialogue i s c a r r i ed on within the chapter as opposed to between the N.O. and one a c t i v i s t in the chap te r . A not unre la ted event has been the abol i t ion of o f f i c e r s and r e s u l t i n g change of int e r n a l s t ruc tu re in seve ra l chapters . The Univers i ty of Texas sds has, for example, abolished o f f i c e r s and instead has an eleven man execut ive committee t ha t i s e l e c t ed . Furthermore, any member of the chapter may become a member of the committee by a t t end ing the meeting .

As could be expected, the major t h rus t of the a c t i v i t y i s Vietnam with many new chapters coming out of the i -n i t i a l introduct ion to r a d i c a l d i ssen t . Teach-ins have been scheduled at Arizona S t a t e , Missouri , Rutgers , Nebraska and Southern I l l i n o i s University? and Buffalo sds convened a "Congress of Unrepresented People in Ex i l e" at the US Consulate in Toronto. The range and extent of involvement though far exceed tha t mentioned s ince the Oct. 15-16 a c t i v i t y was widespread.

The important thing to bear in mind i s t ha t the nature of t h e a c t i v i t y may be changing from a so l e demonstrative to an educative func t ion . Several ind iv idua l s a t the N.C. expressed concern about the lack of r i go rous analysis within sds of the War and i t s causes. There have been i nd i ca t i ons that the fee l ing i s widespread and t h a t the type of ant i -war a c t i v i t y i s changing accordingly .

Bob Gross from Williams wr i t e s , "We

have p r e t t y much decided tha t a t t h i s point we s h o u l d s t r e s s open discuss ions about v a r i o u s issues such as Viet Nam, community o r g a n i z i n g , e t c . ra ther than sponsor t e a c h - i n s or facul ty debates where t h e d i a l o g u e i s const ra ined. With th i s in mind* we've done two t h i n g s . The n i g h t a f t e r our f i r s t SDS meeting, a few p e o p l e decided they would l ike to ta lk a b o u t V i e t Nam the next n i g h t . Ttfo signs were p u t up announcing tha t those who would l i k e to discuss Viet Nam should come to the Student Union t h a t n igh t . What happened was: f i f t y - s i x t y freshmen spann ing the p o l i t i c a l con t in uum, came a l o n g with about 7 of u s . One of the SDS members chaired the th ing and j u s t s a i d t ha t we should a i l t a l k about V i e t Nam. After a few minutes the group dec ided that some one should just t e l l t h e h i s to ry of the war, NLF, Ho, e t c . That led to a r e a l l y open

free d i s c u s s i o n . No one harangued, no one l a u g h e d a t any one e l s e . No one was i n t i m i d a t e d . The freshmen were very i m p r e s s e d , both by our seeming grasp o f t h e issues and our des i r e t o t a lk a b o u t t hose things candidly while s t i l l l i s t e n i n g to opposing views and then r e s p e c t f u l l y d i s c r e d i t i n g those p o s i t i o n s d i s t i n c t from a t tack ing the person who he ld that view. I be l i eve tha t we g o t much more across to those people t h a n d i d a l l our organis ing for the march l a s t y e a r . . . . "

A n e g o t i a t e d set t lement in Vietnam i s the g o a l o f t h e March on Washington for Peace i n Vietnam, November 27. Sponsors i n c l u d e : C a r l Oglesby, Norman Thomas, Dr. Benjamin Spock, and James Farmer. The march b e g i n s a t 11 A.M. in f ron t of the W h i t e House and there w i l l be an outdoor m e e t i n g a t the Washington Monument a t 2 P.M. For fur ther information con t ac t Sanford Got t l i eb , March on Washington , 245 Second S t . , N.E. , Washing ton , D . C . 20002, Lincoln 6-4868.

S i m u l t a n e o u s with the exca la t ion of the war a n d our response has been the i n c r e a s e ±n r e d - b a i t i n g . The chap te r s have r e a l l y been ge t t ing the feedback from F u l t o n Lewis, J r . ' s column t h a t sds a t i t s convention in Kewadin had t r a i n e d p e o p l e in g u e r r i l l a f i g h t i n g ,

8.

making molotov cocktails, and had been enlisting people for the NLF. (The possibility of suing Mr. Levis was fully explored. The snag was that it is extremely difficult for an organization to sue an individual for libel unless it can definitively prove that a certain loss of money resulted such as through the withdrawal of a contribution.) People are constantly grilled about that at introductory meetings and it has even reached the point where an ad was run in an Indiana paper citing the information in the column as cause for indignant Indiana citizens to demand the expulsion from the campus of the U. of I. chapter.

The YAFers with their $25,000 a month budget are also concentrating quite a bit of effort in baiting the nearest sds chapters. Leaders of the University of Kentucky chapter are being harrassed by regular nightly phone calls. Other campuses that have reported heavy right wing and YAF har-rassments have been Missouri, Indiana, New Mexico, Arizona State, and the University of Missouri at Kansas City. There are undoubtedly more cases that are just taken for granted and not reported; but the overall trend does seem to indicate that sds chapters have become a more prominent focal point for the attacks of the right wing.

Indicating the veering away of commitment from protest to a deeper involvement in direct confrontation of the system is the chapter interest shown for starting ERAP projects in the college town. Drake in Des Moines is already beginning a project in the East Side Negro ghetto, and Washington University in St. Louis has expressed interest in similar action. Also, interest has sprung up to organize teen-age JD types about the draft as a start and then to go deeper into the issues of economic opportunity and meaningful directions for their lives.

The free university movement is picking up and may have the most lasting effect on the organization by rerouting activity away from strictly political and strategic concerns into a more encompassing radicalism. There are evidences that many chapters are beginning to coincide with counter com

munities on campuses that are interested in the whole range of gut topics. The fact that a Northern Free Theater is growing out of sds is evidence of this trend.

Free universities are almost spontaneously coming into being in Texas, Florida, San Francisco, New York, and Chicago. These, while manifesting a concern for the social and political context, are studying literature, art, music, and drama; For each of these schools that have been formalized to any degree, there are many more counter communities that have the same orientation. The coincidence of these people with those in the movement is a not unsignificant event in the changes from the generation maturing in the 'fifties to that of the 'sixties. The hippy-politico blend will add a whole new dimension to the radicalism of this latest stages of American revolutionary movements.

UE<CwS CCTSAOE

%VWEU, YouR 3O& IS Sf\*e ••• NGUI e Y O U PRe?A^£T> To SACRlRCE. YoUR S o N ?

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ployment needs immediate donations of money, clothes (new and used), food, toys, household items, and other useful goods for d is t r ibut ion during C h r i s t mas. The need i s urgent: chi ldren must have adequate clothing, the off ice r e n t for storage must be paid, supp l i e s bought. Send your contr ibut ions to* A.C.F.E., 419 Walker Road, Hagard, Ky]

SDS National Debate:

the DECEMBER CONFERENCE The September NC establ ished as the

highest p r i o r i t y of the organization a membership conference t h i s December to look at ourselves i n t e l l e c t u a l l y and organ iza t iona l ly . This new type of conference, SDS' f i r s t and unprecedented const i t u e n t assembly, should be both the culmination of an autumn of thought and consol idat ion of SDS and an occasion that Luanches us into a more conscious thrust of program and common re-examinat i o n . The National Council saw the conference t e n t a t i v e l y scheduled for December 27-31, as a chance for a new start , a more f r u i t f u l approach to our organisa t iona l and s trategic mali ise than the t rad i t iona l wail ing prophecies of organi za t iona l doom; but de f in i t e ly not as a f lashy »al l-or-nothing 1 carnival that leaves everyone with a good feel ing but t h r o t t l e s instead of r e v i t a l i s e s .

What i s th i s malaise? A consensus on i t s nature i s hard to come by, but maybe i t i s a confluence of a number of trends, at l eas t these s i x : 1) the exp los ive growth of SDS, part icularly after the April march; 2) the demands made on us by America*s foreign adventures; 3) the success of the ERAP experiment, posing the question: what now? 4) the i n a b i l i t y of the organisation to specify ro l e s for i t s older members or convey i t s meaning to i t s newer ones; 5) confusion about the role of a national organizat ion when ' loca l insurgency1 i s actua l l y happening; and 6) the severence of values and programs, and a debate on structure (beginning a t the Convention and continuingv at th i s NC) ref lect ing a recognit ion of that trend.

Challenging an imperial America which has demonstrated enormous f l e x i b i l i t y to date, we owe i t to our hopes to be as c l ear as possible about our i -denti ty as a movement. The NC f e l t we had muddled around long enough and i t passed the proposal with a sense of enthusiasm and an ins is tence that the con

ference come off . So c r i t i c a l and chronic are the

questions before us that the NC f e l t the 'us' should be assembled to face them head-on as people who have, a l l of us, staked something on the success of our joint enterprise. Thus the National Office, the regional s t a f f s and anyone who shares our view of the importance of th is re-examination should be doing whatever i s necessary to explore these concerns with the e n t i r e membership and to bring people - a l l the members - to the conference. These matters are far too weighty to be borne by the National Council alone, or by small bodies whatever their formal importance i s . If the organization i s to belong to the membership, the December conference i s the time and place to reaffirm that commitment. And to lend some strength to those noble words we hope to raise the money to pay everyone's travel and subsistence.

Technical Details: The NC established a preparations committee cons i s ting of a ,fChicago kernel" (Dee Gorton, Steve Goldsmith, Jeff Shero, Lee Webb, Bob Ross, Richie Rothstein, Harriet Stullman, Todd Gitl in) and a bunch of regional people who indicated their enthusiasm (Mike Davis - Southern Cal i f . ; Ken McEldowney - Northern Cal i f . ; Scott Pittman and Bob Pardun - Texas; Steve Max - New York; Dick Magidoff - Ohio; 4phn Bancroft - Phi l ly; and John Maher - Boston). The functions of the committee are to s o l i c i t the papers, prepare and circulate an agenda, choose a location for the conference a f t er sounding out the membership (New York and Chicago seem to be prime candidates) , and generally to see that people talk about the concerns of the conference; i t wi l l meet over Thanksgiving to make f inal decis ions . Anyone who i s free and anxious to promote i t can be on the committee: l e t us know i f you can work.

For the time being, a l l correspondence on the conference should be sent to the Chicago kernel c/o Richie Rothstein a t the N.O, Fu l l - t ime s taff for the conference are in the process of being r e crui ted - but equally important are commitments to piecemeal t r ave l to s t i mulate i n t e r e s t and p a r t i c i p a t i o n . Let us know what chunks you can work on.

If the issues are urgent and no longer ignorable, are decis ions equal ly important? We think so, but we a lso see danger in rushing pe l l -mel l in to decisions before we have a chance to ti ink through t h e i r implicat ions. There are several ' p o s s i b i l i t i e s for dec i s ions ' : conference workshop r epo r t s might be publ ished; the post-conference NG might make some decis ions; the conference may serve as a sor t of ' p r e -convention' t ha t would make recommendations to the June convention. We see no need to decide th i s question immedia te ly , but people should be discuss ing i t and t e l l i n g us what they think

To impart some s t ruc ture to the pre-conference prepara t ions , the NC i -solated s ix i ssue-areas in which r e l a t i ve ly short (500-1,000 words) working papers would be wri t ten and published in the Bullet in well before the conference. In each case, (with the exception noted below), two papers arguing roughly opposite points are being s o l i c i ted and w i l l be published soon. But t^ i e floor i s open for cont r ibut ions to the debate, shor t comments and notes as well as formal papers, whether or not they f i t in to the six ca tegor ies , (which overlap among themselves) whether they deal s t r i c t l y with organizational quest i ons , with ana lys i s or program. The more people submit these papers , the be t t e r grounded the conference wi l l be .

One fu r the r note about these cat egor ies : All a re intended to r a i s e questions of genera l bel ief and s t r a t e gy lH the context of organiza t ional problems and imperat ives . The most useful papers w i l l be those t ha t address themselves both to t h e o r e t i c a l i s sues and t he i r o rganiza t iona l consequences. The ca tegor ies follow:

I * Coa l i t i ons with whom? What should our attitude be toward", on the

one hand, the DuBois Clubs, May 2nd Movement,Progressive Labor P a r t y , e t c . , and, on the o the r hand, the League fo r I n d u s t r i a l Democracy, AFL-CIO, S o c i a l i s t Pa r ty , reform Democrats, e t c . Need our a t t i t u d e be c l ea r? Does a c l e a r a t t i t u d e lead to an exc lus ionary p o l i cy? What i s r ed -ba i t i ng? How do we d i f f e r from the o ther groups? Should na t iona l a t t i t u d e s al low fo r l o c a l d i f ferences? Why does the i s s u e a r i s e ? What i s " the es tab l i shment"? What v a lues and s t r a t e g i e s under l i e t h e s e a t t i tudes? I n i t i a l pape r s : Robb Bur l age , Tom Hayden.

I I . Quest ions of membership t u r n o v e r , the leg i t imacy of r o l e s , and o r g a n i z a t iona l s t y l e . F i r s t , why does membership change so r a p i d l y , and i s t h a t bad and i f so what should be done about i t ? Second, i s i t frowned upon not to be an ERAP organ ize r? Are only f u l l - t i m e ro l e s becoming l e g i t i m a t e i n t he o r g a n i z a t i o n , and to the e x t e n t t h a t ' s t r u e , what do we th ink of i t ? I s the ' g u t s ' of the o r g a n i z a t i o n i t s membership o r i t s f u l l - t i m e s t a f f ? Are we e x c l u d i n g people who a re not ' p o l i t i c a l ' , a n d i f so i s t h a t good? What does e x c l u d i n g mean? Thi rd , a r e we becoming an o r g a n i zat ion of 'doing what the s p i r i t s a y s d o ' , and i f so , what about i t ? Doesthe permissive s t y l e stem from v a l u e s , from s t r a t egy , from n e i t h e r o r both? Are we ' i n t e l l e c t u a l s ' , ' a c t i v i s t s ' , ' r e b e l s ' , ' r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s ' , ' p u r i t a n i c a l ' , ' l i b e r a t ed ' ? In each c a s e , p o s i t i o n s should be grounded in both va lues and s t r a t e gy. I n i t i a l p a p e r s : Carolyn Craven , Bob Pardun.

1H« I d e o l o g y , a n a l y s i s , and s t r a t e g y . A. I s the re a need fo r a c l e a r and g e n e r a l l y agreed-upon ideology, a n a l y s i s of the s o c i e t y , and un i f i ed s t r a t e g y ? Assuming the need,how fa r can or shou ld we go toward s p e l l i n g them out - p a s t the conten ts of the Por t Huron S t a t e ment and America and the New Era? What would they look l ike? I s SDS ' p o l i t i c a l ' ? I n i t i a l p a p e r s : Al Haber, J e f f Shero.

B. Pos i t i ons and r a t i o n a l e s . Assuming the general ized need,what a re our a t t i tudes toward p a r t i c u l a r i s s u e s and s t r a t e g i c ques t ions? What i s wanted a r e not papers of the s o r t , ' H e r e ' s my p o s i t ion on the NLF', so much as t h e form

Here's why we ought or ought not to take a position, and here's mine', or rriere are the positions we could take, here are the reasons, and here's what each implies for SDS' identity and its strategy'; and so on for the other issues. Some issues that the Chicago hub of the conference committee regurgitated (they have been in the air for some time)--

Should our position on US foreign policy be 'atiti-imperialist' or 'anti-interventionist' (on both intellectual and strategic grounds)?

&JNT1-IMPERIAL1ST OR ANTI-INTERVENTIONIST?

What is our attitude toward Communist and nationalist liberation movements?

What is the structure of power in the United States and what is the future of the political economy? — -What is a 'free university'?

What are 'counter-institutions'? -are they the beginning of power or its abdication? — W h a t are the levers of change? How much change is 'change'?

What are the nature and limits of participatory democracy? But this list is no more than a beginning, suggestive rather than exhaustive. No papers are being especially solicited in this area; people should begin on their own hooks.

IV. Organizational structure. How should chapters order themselves? How should they relate to the national organization, and vice versa? How should the national organization structure itself? Are we building a movement, not an organization? What does it mean to be'multi-issue'» and how do you do it ? Should any more new chapters be organized or should the existing ones be consolidated?Why do these issues arise? Again, values, strategy and practical-

V. ERAP. .How do we view its strategy of organizing an interracial movement of the poor at this juncture? What is the future of that movement? Is ERAP being de-politicized? What is the role and staying power of the organizer? How should ERAP relate to students? Initial papers: Kick Egleson, Paul Potter. ity should underlie papers. Initial papers: Mike Davis, Clark Kissinger.

VI. Leadership and democracy. What are they? What is our*attitude toward participatory democracy - as a slogan, as an organizational procedure, as a guiding formula for the reconstruction of the political, economic, and cultural order? Is the problem one of having officers, one of diffuse experiences, backgrounds, and educations, one of personal relations? Is there an 'iron law of oligarchy1, and if so, what does that say about our goals? What is totalitarianism? Why do these issues a-rise? Initial papers: Ken McEldowney, Bob Parris - Charlie Cobb.

Needless to say, taking our cue from the NC we take this a livery seriously and are waiting to hear from you.

* * *

Todd Gitlin, for the Chicago kernel

Gorton, Rothstein, Goldsmith, Webb, Stullman, Ross, Shero, Bennett

Membership Draff Referendum PREAMBLE: The June Convention decided t h a t any program that might involve l e

gal or po l i t i ca l recriminations against t h e organization should be submitted for membership referendum. The Draft Program h a s recently been singled out from among our Vietnam programs for attack. Several conservative Senators have cal led for legal action and columnists have descr ibed $DS as organizing for draft-dodging. Although the problem is partly produced by misrepresentat ion, i t i s possible tha t legal action might be ini t iated against u s , i n which the government would contend that our advising young people to f i le for conscient ious objection const i tu ted, a t th is time, an obstruction of the draft or an encouragement of draft evasion. The maximum penalty would be a 5-year sentence and a $10,000 f ine .

Tuis explanation i s based on legal a d v i c e ; we are preparing for an early-November meeting of lawyers to get up a program aimed at meeting the legal needs of the draft program.

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I L l i draft program and this statement w i l l become of f ic ia l only upon the appro-Yj?.I 9.L §. majority of the members voting*

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At this juncture in the history of the movement to end the war in Vietnam, we are called upon to examine carefully the s t r a t e g y which guides our ac t iv i ty . SDS believes that the anti-war movement must f i n d ways of organizing a broader base of opposition, and that continuation of student: demonstrations of the t rad i t iona l var ie ty does not accomplish that . Rather, t o do t h i s , we must find tools which make the war relevant and central to the people of the United States; which provide opportunities to present both the basic f a c t s and the broad implications and i ssues of the war in Vietnam; and which open up p o s s i b i l i t i e s for v i s ib le protest act ion against the war. We feel that the a n t i - d r a f t program provides such a gool for expanding the anti-war movement, as follows:

I . RELEVANCE: The draft is a centra l f a c t o r in the l ives of millions of people in various constituencies across the c o u n t r y : e l ig ib le men and the famil ies , friends, and teachers of these men.

There are a number of possible appraoches to the draftable k ids . One i s to set up a table outside the physical examination center, d i s t r ibut ing l ea f le t s along the lines of "Why are they trying to d r a f t you," urging that kids f i l e Form 150 (request for classif icat ion as CO), and g e t t i n g names and addresses and offering personal help in f i l l ing out the form and guiding the request through i t s many channels. (In a l l cases, i t should be emphasized that f i l i ng for CO i s s t r i c t l y legal , unlike "draft refusal.") Another approach is to l ea f le t a neighborhood and hold a meeting for kids who want to know how they can stay out of the Army — and oppose the war. A third is to arrange an e v e n t , such as a debate between a faculty member and a member of the local d r a f t board and try to get wide attendance. Other confrontations can be arranged with r e c r u i t i n g of f icers , both on campus and in the community. These approaches should be used p o l i t i c a l l y , keeping in mind the broad context of the war in Vietnam.

High school students are not immediately vulnerable , but they may be upon graduation and they may also be subjected to a barrage of mi l i ta ry propaganda and recruitment pi tches. Try to get speaking engagements a t high schools; t ry to debate military recrui ters ; t ry to organize high school SDS chapters. They should do the bulk of high school organizing, natura l ly .

0

Draft Referendum Cont: In organizing, special attention should be paid to fraternities, which are al

ready organized groups of men who are sometimes more vulnerable to the class-rank criterion of drafting; to religious foundations, which can help a CO program in many ways; and to faculty, for whom the university-and-draft issues can be the occasion for a commitment to taking sides, thereby sharply breaking with the pattern of two-sided debates. Also, organizations like Women Strike for Peace can be very helpful in appealing to the families of draft-age young men.

II. EDUCATION: Organizing around an anti-draft program provides the opportunity of educating on three main levels:

Basic facts about the war in Vietnam can be presented to draft-age young men in order to reveal the nature of the conflict in Vietnam. It can then be argued that young men should not participate in this war and should file for CO.

Second, the issue of the draft itself reveals the undemocratic nature of our society, i.e., young men are not allowed to make the basic individual moral decision of whether to kill — or die — in a war not of their own making.

Third, there is a great deal of talk and rumor about Selective Service's determination to begin drafting students during the winter. The procedure will be that either students in the bottom quartile in their class or 5-year undergraduates will be inducted. For this to occur, college and university registrars will have

to resume their former practice (suspended three years ago by many with the permission of the Selective Service) of sending in the ranks of all male students each term. This practice can be used to illustrate the connections between the university and the military establishment. There can also be discussion about other facets of the connection, such as on-campus military recruiting and ROTC. Also, the undemocratic character of many local draft boards in terms of interests represented by draft-board members: business, military, etc.) can be indicated. In other words, important features of many American institutions can be revealed through the vehicle of the anti-draft program.

With high school students the possibility of an ongoing education-and-action program is considerable. This should be seen to include the roots of the war and of foreign policy, problems of domestic policy, etc., which can be given an intellectual coherence by pointing to all the ways in which the draft issue is linked.

III. PROTEST: The anti-draft program opens up a number of opportunities for the visible expression of protest:

1) The act of filing for CO is, in itself, a gesture of personal protest. 2) On the campus, attempts should be made to stop the school from turning over

the class-rank information, to get professors to refuse to hand in grades, and to organize campus strikes aimed either at classes or exams. When recruiters appear on campus, they should be the focus of attention, challenged to debate, accused by picket signs of participation in war crimes. The same can be done at any time for ROTC officials, especially as part of a campaign to oust ROTC from the campus. 3) Demonstrations can be planned to expose or protest the nature and practices of the local draft boards.

Literature: The National Office is preparing a short, simple guide for the completing of Form 150. The Central Committee for Conscientious Objectors, 2006 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Fa., has an excellent Handbook for CO's ($.50) which should be used as a resource. Todd Gitlin is doing a revision of "The Case Against the Draft."

• » m • SUPER LATE NEWS: University Chicago students have been filing into tne office all morning to sign membership cards. One fellow said, "If you are going to be red baited, I want to be on the list." So far everybody in the new left is rallying to our support, and most liberal elements too.

OPOSITION STATEMENT This i s in opposition to the proposed draf t program enclosed for the approval

of the membership.

My argument is concerned with the method of decisionmaking involved in the program and the problem of centralization.

After the week-end of October 15-16 a number of charges were made against the SDS by government officials, in particular, Nicholas DeB. Katzenbach, Attorney General of the United States, and Federal District Attorney Hanrahan of Northern Illinois, who felt that the draft program was in possible violation of Federal law. They have begun investigation of SDS in Illinois with a view towards prosecution. Whether this effort is successful or not depends, and most members of the NAG agree, on a number of variables: extent of liberal and civil-libertarian support for SDS3 extent to which we are viewed as a real threat to the establishment, and extent of right-wing political pressure. There is, I feel, a lack of adequate analysis of these converging forces and their political relationship to SDS in particular and the .anti-war movement in general.

For these reasons I feel that there should be a full organizationsl discussion of the draft program. The National Administrative Committee is mandated to refer any program that threatens the organization or members within it to the general membership. I don't feel that a simple yes or no on a referendum satisfies that mandate. 1 propose therefore that regional meetings be held throughout the country to discuss the draft program and its applicability to their area. It is clear that SDS is not the national office but rather the membership and chapters through out the country. rograms should originate from the membership, not handed down for approval from the national office. The NC was derelict, in my opinion, in mandating the NAG to draw up a program for submission to the membership.

It is my experience that people take greater interest in a program that they have participated in drawing up after a full and exhaustive discussion. I think also that the NO is in such a rarified atmosphere that it limits the sensitivity of those of us who work there towards the problems and feelings of the membership.

Tactically, centralization allows the government to disrupt the activities of the organization by immobilizing the central office, where national coordination takes place. It is much more difficult for disruption to occur if there are twelve regions that are administering programs within a loose national structure. Finally, it is a stronger political move if regions took over the responsibility for press relations, literature origination, etc., instead of the national office.

I am against pursuing the draft program without an adequate discussion by the membership of its ramifications, politically and organizationally.

If you agree, vote no on the program and request the National Office to initiate conferences at the earliest possible date.

Peace,

J)'^ Gorton

SDS RESPONSE: ( MONDAY AFTEHNOON) It has just been arranged for Garl Oglesby and Paul Booth to fly to Washington to meet with congressmen favorable to us. They will outline our proposed draft program and discuss the attacks that have been made by right wing congressmen, in an effort counteract them. A press conferance will follow.

THE FOLLOWING IS PiUT.OS THE P£OPQS££ i>i<Ai'r FaOGHAji,. di£AD..IT. hZFOiiZ YQU .VOIE Oft ras aa/5RgHDUM. ' : ' : '

I V . LEGAL POINTS: ' - . 1) I t should be made c l e a r chat we do not urge chat people, in f i l i n g Farm 150,

ace on any b a s i s o ther than chair oim constiari t ious ba i i a f . 2) Tha p o s s i b i l i t y of l a sa l ac t ion on a number of bases should be outlined*. A

campaign to have grades withheld from tha Selective- Service Sys tem which might be regarded as a coas t i tu t iona l iy -pro tac- ted a c t i v i t y , a igh t a l s c occasion lagal a c t i o n under tha "obs t ruc t ing tha draf t" law. - •

Informational maetings a t which quest ions about d r a f t law a re answered might be a bas i s for l e g a l act ion on the grounds t h a t , by impl ica t ion , peopla ware adv i s e d to stay out of tha army, and t h a t , there fore , tha provis ions about d r a f t -evas ion advice ware v i o l a t e d .

Thase are lus t two examples of•the lagal ambiguities of any proposal such as t h i s d r a f t p r o l a n . Though it'"amp ha s i ses conscient ious objec t ion , which i s l e g a l , the program w i l l La' i n t e r p r e t ad as p o l i t i c a l by a government bent on pursuing, tha war. Therefore , desp i t e tha laâl nature of the program, peopla v.-orl.in^ in i t should not f e e l imrauns from prosecut ion .

3) Tha brunt of r epress ion i s l ika l^y to f a l l on tha ran^-and- f i l a of SD3. .-or one t h i n g , tha're a re i i k a l y to be mora local cases than na t iona l ones, r'or a n c t h a r , l o c a l r i ^ h t - w i n ^ e r s , in and"-out'of ->ovarnment, are bacomin? more m i l i t a n t , and cha p o s i t l o n o f the an t i -war movement may bagin to reserahia that f tha c i v i l r i g h t s movement in tha -.outh.

V. EMPHASIS 0 / THE PROGilAM? I t should be s tated again, tha t the whole program should" be seen as a p a r t of, and in che> context of, the t o t a l anti-v.ar. afford-When t'e say "stop tha un ive r s i ty frota sending in c lass rank in >s,» wo do so, because t h i s i s tha "universi ty* s complicity in tha war, because i t makes grades and the t h r e a t of the drat ' t a weapon against s tudents , and because i t d iv idas : tudents from each o t h e r .

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I f t h e d ra f t program i s approved by the mambarship referendum, tha na t iona l Adminis t r a t i v e Committee intends to c a l l a Eationai Council meeting t o determine how the d r a f t program w i l l be iraplamented. .

STATEMENT IK OPPOSITION TO THE PROPOSED DRA?T PilOGEAli

I am opposed to tha adoption of tha proposed SDS draft program, and I was asked by tha National Adminis t ra t ive Conaaittaa to writ?, a statement a r t i c u l a t i n g ray opp o s i t i o n . I hope t h a t tha po in t s I r a i sa in t h i s stateaiant w i l l spark i n t e n s i v e d i s c u s s i o n in chancer maetines in which tha i ssues ra i sad by the referendum are c o n s i d e r e d , and t h a t chase discussions w i l l prepare tha ..way. for those a t t h e s p e c i a l mee t ing of tha tfational Council. I know tha t tha wembsrs of the NAC have learned aiuch from the debates they have had and are having on whather or not to have an a n t i - d r a f t program, what kind to havs, how such a program f i t s in to the movement a g a i n s t the war in Vietnam, and how „ticli a program, and tha ant i -war movaiaant, can h a l p t o bui ld a movement for rea l democracy in Aaerica. 1 only want to r a i s e seve r a l p o i n t s tha - I hopa peopla wi l l discuss in t h ; i r chapters .

1) The a n t i - d r a f t issue i s not tha best ona around which co .organise a mass o p p o s i t i o n co the v a r . There s p r i n , to mind o ther issua* tha t have be t t e r p o s s i b i l i t i e s . I d o n ' t want to 30 in to cham hare, for my basic ihes is i s t ha t cha a n t i -d r a f t program r a i s e s jusc those ' .actional cold-war issues tha t make i t a t a r r i b i a c h o i c e . .

2 ) SDS did not choosa -ha d ra f t - i s sue as the t .ubiic focus of i t s ant i -war campai5nT"the r i g h t v.inj d i d . And they did so p rec i sa ly bacausa they know chat SDS car* be bea ten , i s o l a t e d , and destroyed most effect ively by t h i s i s s u e . Tha

STATEMENT 0? OPPOSITION TO THE PROPOSED DRAFT PROGRAM (cont inued)

r i g h t wants us to have an adven tu rous draf t program. Svery good g u e r r i l l a knows t h a t he, and not the enemy, should choose the terms, the t ime , and the p lace of b a t t l e .

3) SDS should be concerned most *:ith broadening the base of oppos i t ion to t he war, not with e s c a l a t i n g the a n t i - w a r movement to more m i l i t a n t t a c t i c s . Such t a c t i c s a re exce l l en t when masses of people are with you, bu t they do noth ing bu t make your i s o l a t i o n obvious when you are a lone .

4) I f l ega l (hal) a c t i o n i s t a k e n aga ins t us by the government, i t should be because i t can no longer t o l e r a t e mass d i s s a t i s f a c t i o n with i t s f o r e i s n p o l i c y , d i s s a t i s f a c t i o n which we a r t i c u l a t e and popu la r i ze . I t should not be because cf an a n t i - d r a f t program; fo r , ' though we sse the l inkage between the war and t h a t program, most people w i l l not — t h e y w i l l see us only as d r a f t - d o d d e r s ,

5) Ac some time in the f u t u r e , SDS must r econs t ruc t the h i s t o r y of i t s a n t i -d r a f t program. As Rich Roths ta in p o i n t a d out a t a MAC meeting, the exper ience of the o rgan isa t ion following the weekend of October 15-16, which was e s s e n t i a l l y t h a t th2 press rec our o ^ a n i a a t i o n a l agenda> has grave impl ica t ions f o r o rgan i s a t i o n a l democracy. Vie must r e - examine our not ions of o rgan iza t iona l democracy, for t h i s c r i s i s revealed some cf t h e i r f laws.

I urge the marchers of SDS t o v o t e MO on the draft-program referendum. Uhich-aver way you vote , I hop a t ha t you d iscuss with your fellow members the i s sues I have r a i s e d , and tha t when we come together a t the proposed Nat ional Council meeting, we w i l l ba able to d i s c u s s them f u r t h e r . I think t h a t the proposed Nationa l Council meeting i s very i m p o r t a n t . I t w i l l :>ive us an oppor tun i ty to d i s c u s s our eva lua t ions of the American p o l i t i c a l c l i m a t e , the p o s i t i o n of SDS and the ant i -war movement, concre te pro ;;rams to broaden the base of oppos i t ion to the war , ways of connect ing the c i v i l r i g h t s and the an t i -war moveraents, and ways of making the u n i v e r s i t y a center of o p p o s i t i o n to the war. In a word, the Nat iona l Counci l meeting w i l l îva us a chance t o t a i l : about how we can c r e a t e a mass movement aga ins t tha war and for a d e m o c r a t i c America.

— Lee Mebb, NAC member

The analysis of the redbaiting drive against us is muddled this Monday morning.

Growing out of protest during the October 15th and 16th International Days of Protest in which approximately 40 chapters engaged in anti-war activity, much attention was drawn to our anti-draft activities. This attention was elicited in part by colmunists Evans and Novak in their nationally syndicated "Inside Report." Taking a signed opinion article from the Vietnam Discussion Bulletin, they state we are preparing a guide, "How to Cool the Military.* They continue, these cannot "be lightly passed off as an exuberant, youthful exercise of the right to dissent. It is a calculated effort to illegally undermine high national policy adopted by President Johnson and confirmed by Congress."

The Northern Illinois U.S. Attorney General Edward V. Hanrahan, responding to headline stories in all the Chicago papers, declared that he was going to investigate the possibly treasonous nature of our anti-draft activity.

Yesterday Attorney General Katzenbach, while visiting chicago, was drawn into the fray. His motivations are unclear. Some think he is acting to take the matter out of the hands of the local District Attorney; one newsman reports to us that the Attorney General is upset at being misquoted and hopes that the furor will soon die down* At any rate, he is quoted as saying in this morning's Chicago Tribune that the Justice Department "has uncovered some persons working for Students for a Democratic Society" . . . "We may have prosecutions."

Whether a major investigation is to take place is unknown. Our response so far has been to say that we believe the attacks to be a "smokescreen" to detract from the obvious anti-war sentiment in the country; that SDS decisions are openly and democratically arrived at; that our proposed policy is to disseminate information on conscientious objection rather than on "How to Cool the Military^" that our local chapters are autonomous and responsible for their own actions; and that our whole anti-draft program is in the process of a membership referendum because of the convention decision stipulating that any Vietnam activity which may provoke Federal prosecution must be submitted to the membership.

While the situation with the government is confused, our activities on the 15th and 16th are a resounding success. Not only did major demonstrations like the ones in Berkeley and New York take place (with which we were associated) take place, but in numerous smaller cities confrontation occurred. In Ann Arbor 38 people were arrested for sitting-in at the draft board; the North Carolina Chapter marched against the biological weapons center at Ft. Bragg. Buffalo SDS held an assembly of unrepresented people in exile in front of the consulate in Toronto; the U. of Texas chapter had a death march in front of the state capitol; Los Angeles and Boston had rallies; and despite intense Birch pressures, the Arizona State chapter held a teach-in in the heart of Goldwaterland. Last night the Harvard SDS chapter called and said that if the Feds, arrested the national office staff, they promised $20,000 to a bond fund. And just minutes ago we received a letter in which this message was lettered out of newspaper clippings: "THE KU KLUX KLAN WILL BOMB YOU." Maybe a statement about our worth being proved by our enemies would be in order.

Struggle,

Jeff Shero

HON flOA OIM 3A\

ulletin Students for a Democratic Society 1103 East 63rd Street Chicago, I l l inois 60637

ret urn recjues ted