SDL Based Auto Code Generation: A Multi Beneficial Approach Bhaskar Rao.G

1 SAM-2000 28/JUNE/2000

Motorola India Electronics Ltd..

SDL Based Auto Code Generation: A Multi Beneficial

Approach

Bhaskar Rao.GSoftware Engineering Group,Motorola India Electronics Ltd.Banglore, India - 560 042.email: [email protected].

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Agenda

• Introduction to SDL and Benefits ( 3 min.)

• Experiences and Results (17 min.)– Pilot Project– GPRS Layer Study– Problems and Solutions

• Challenges Remaining (3 min.)• Conclusions (2 min.)

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SDL, Is it only Auto Code Generation?

• Methodology• Integrated Methods and Tools for

Software Development– Requirements - MSC– SAD - State Charts/UML/SDL– Coding - SDL, C, C++, Java <AUTO CODE >– Unit and Integration Testing - Simulation &

Validation– System Testing - TTCN/SDL

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Auto Code Generation from SDL

SDT Auto Code Tool Gen. code C Compiler

Manual C Code + env

Run Time Library

SDL Code

Simulation, Validation, UNIX, NT, pSOS, VxWorks etc..C

Headers

SDL Code

H2SDL Executable

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SDL Usage PerspectivesSDL Usage Perspectives

• Design Language• Implementation Methodology

– Infrastructure – Handsets?

• Test Development Language– Strong data features– Better tool support compared to TTCN tools

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Range of Benefits Observed

• Cycle Time Improvement: 1.2 to 2X• Productivity: 1.2 to 2X• Effort Reduction: 1.2 to 2X• Quality: 2 to 5X• Performance: PROBLEMS NOT

NOTICED

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Pilot Project Architecture

Network Management Layer

Transport Layer Sessions Layer

Network Layer

Driver Interface

Application Interface

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Pilot Project

• EIA 709.1 Control Network Protocol• Network Management Layer

– Provides services to the application– Uses either Transport layer or Session layer

• Session Layer– Provides session services

• Transport layer– Acknowledged/Un-acknowledged repeat data transfer

• Network layer– Interacts with the driver

• Driver – send and receive messages

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SDL Architecture

Network Management Process

Transmit side (SL, TL)

Receive Side (SL, TL)

Network Layer

Driver Interface

Application Interface

Controller

ControllerController

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Features of the Architecture

• Layer independent architecture• Adaptable to any changes• Cadvanced Code Generator

(Telelogic Tau)• < 1 year project

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Attribute Estimated Value

Actual Value

Cycle time 1 1.44XNo of Errors 1 2.82XObject Code 1 2.62XEffort 1 1.3XPerformance Met the

requirement

Pilot Results

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Observations ….

• Simulation based testing has been proved very effective– Less than average of the organization– Script language– Real Time Simulation– Traces

• Automatic support of targeting for Windows, pSOS etc.

• Significantly impacted customer satisfaction

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Problems ...

• Code Size??????– 3X

• System Testing– Interpreted the AUTO CODE– Less productive

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Reasons for Code Bloat

• Architecture– Too Modular– Layer independent

• Tool translation of SDL support functions– Assignment, Equality etc.– StructVari := StructVar2– if(StructVari = StructVar2)– Overhead is ~400 bytes per structure

• Translation of Header files to C code– Hdr.h >>> GenHdr.c

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Version Type X factor withManual Code

BeforeOptimization

2.97X

AfterOptimization

1.34X

Optimization Results on one layer

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Optimization Features

• C code mix is increased to 65%• Pointers are used• Negative impact on Productivity

and Quality– Effort increased to locate the error

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Plans After Pilot

• Used in Infrastructure projects– Results are encouraging– Code size is not CRITICAL

• Handsets?????

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Further study

• Try new tools– Cmicro Code generator– Proprietary generator

• Optimize with the help of the vendors– Excellent help

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Optimization Results (UNIX)

Size inKB

Manual

CadvancedXfactor

CmicroX factor

BeforeOptimization

- 1.93X 1.5X

AfterOptimization

1X 1.34X 0.96X

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Optimization Results (UNIX)

[contd..]

CAdvanced CmicroCase1 29.5 11.6Case 2 55 23.2

Case 3 (NO Opt) 181 140.5Case 4(Opt) 126 90

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Motorola India Electronics Ltd..Auto Code Generation from SDL

(Optimization)

SDT Auto Code Tool

Gen. code C Compiler

Manual C Code + env

Run Time Library

SDL Code

Simulation, Validation, UNIX, NT, pSOS, VxWorks etc..C

Headers

SDL Code

H2SDL Executable

SCRIPTS

(Optimization)

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Optimization of Code

• Data Types defined only in SDL• NON OO• Minimize C Code Integration

– Through common types between SDL and C (Octet = Unsigned Char)

• Scripts– Script to convert C constants to SDL macros– Script to convert STRUCTURES to ADTs

• Compilation Switches for Optimization– XNOUSEOFREAL, XNOUSEOFOBJECTIDENTIFIER

etc.

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Size of Utility Functions

• Default Functions

Size: 16 Type: FUNC yDef_zF_MyStruct1

Size: 16 Type: FUNC yDef_zG_MyStruct5• Equal Functions

Size: 192 Type: FUNC yEq_zF_MyStruct1

Size: 192 Type: FUNC yEq_zG_MyStruct5• Make Functions

Size: 152 Type: FUNC yMake_zF_MyStruct1

Size: 152 Type: FUNC yMake_zG_MyStruct5

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Motorola India Electronics Ltd.. After Optimization

newtype MyStruct1 struct

a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 Integer;/*#ADT(E(H) D(H) K(H) H)

#TYPE

#define yDef_#(MyStruct1)(yVar)

#define yMake_#(MyStruct1)(yVar1, yVar2)

#define yEq_#(MyStruct1) (E1, E2)*/

endnewtype;

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Size analysis command

• Usage$> nm -f <exec_file_name>

• Displays Type, Size etc. of all symbols NOTYPE no type was specified

OBJECT a data object such as an array or variable in bytes

FUNC a function or other executable code in bytes

SECTION a section symbol

FILE name of the source file.

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No Wider Acceptance??

• Not Part of Curriculum– Industry has to invest

• Technical– Performance and Code Size issues– Debugging the generated code (off site and onsite)– Performance, Code Size VS READABILITY of SDL

• Customer Related– Cost of the tools– Lack of familiarity and Expertise– Risk of failure

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100% Real time Software Development with SDL

Methodology

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• Effective Algorithms for mapping SDL code to implementation language

• Effective Approaches to handle on-site testing

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• SDL is a Methodology but only tool for auto code

• Positive impact on Cycle Time, Quality and Productivity

• Code Size Overheads could be brought down with a few restrictions in SDL

• Needs improvement for 100% usage

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• Questions????

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Bhaskar Rao.GMotorola India Electronics Ltd.,SE Group,Banglore, India- 560 042

[email protected]

SDL Based Auto Code Generation: A Multi Beneficial Approach Bhaskar Rao.G

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