sDkgL P]g, @)^# ) प"हलो संसोधन स"हत +मलाईएको ( g]kfn ;/sf/ pBf]u dGqfno sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{no
sDkgL P]g, @)^# )प"हलो संसोधन स"हत +मलाईएको(
g]kfn ;/sf/ pBf]u dGqfno
sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{no
2
sDkgL P]g, @)^#
k|df0fLs/0f ldlt
@)^#÷&÷!& ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g
s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^$ @)^$÷%÷( sDkgL -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)&$ @)&$÷!÷!(
sDkgL ;DaGwL sfg"gnfO{ ;+zf]wg / PsLs/0f ug{ ag]sf] P]g
k|:tfjgf M cfly{s pbf/Ls/0fåf/f pBf]u, Jofkf/ / Joj;fosf If]qdf nufgL k|j4{g u/L d'n'ssf] cfly{s
ljsf;df ultzLntf Nofpg tyf sDkgLsf] ;+:yfkgf, ;~rfng tyf k|zf;gnfO{ cem a9L ;'ud, ;/n
/ kf/bzL{ agfpg sDkgL ;DaGwL sfg"gnfO{ ;+zf]wg / PsLs/0f ug{ jf~5gLo ePsf]n]],
k|ltlglw;efsf] 3f]if0ff, @)^# hf/L ePsf] klxnf] jif{df k|ltlglw;efn] of] P]g agfPsf] 5 .
kl/R5]b–!
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd æsDkgL P]g, @)^#Æ /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] P]g ;Djt\ @)^# ;fn c;f]h @) ut]b]lv k|f/De ePsf] dflgg]5 .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;·n] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf,–
-s_ æsDkgLÆ eGgfn] o; P]g adf]lhd ;+:yflkt sDkgL ;Demg' k5{ .
-v_ æk|fOe]6 sDkgLÆ eGgfn] o; P]g adf]lhd ;+:yflkt k|fOe]6 sDkgL ;Demg' k5{ .
-u_ æklAns sDkgLÆ eGgfn] k|fOe]6 sDkgL afx]ssf] sDkgL ;Demg' k5{ .
-3_ æd'Vo sDkgLÆ eGgfn] ;xfos sDkgLnfO{ lgoGq0fdf /fVg] sDkgL ;Demg' k5{ .
-ª_ æ;xfos sDkgLÆ eGgfn] d'Vo sDkgLsf] lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] sDkgL ;Demg' k5{ .
-r_ æljb]zL sDkgLÆ eGgfn] g]kfn /fHoaflx/ ;+:yflkt sDkgL ;Demg' k5{ .
-5_ æ;"rLs[t sDkgLÆ eGgfn] lwtf]kq ljlgdo ahf/df cfgf] lwtf]kq ;"rLs[t u/]sf]
klAns sDkgL ;Demg' k5{ .
3
-h_ æd'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgLÆ eGgfn] s'g} p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu cflh{t d'gfkmf jf
artsf] /sdaf6 nfef+z jf cGo s'g} /sd ;b:ox?nfO{ ljt/0f ug{ jf e'QmfgL ug{
gkfpg] zt{df kl/R5]b–!( cGtu{t ;+:yflkt sDkgL ;Demg' k5{ .
-em_ æ;+:yfksÆ eGgfn] sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ug{sf] nflu sfof{no ;dIf bflvn ul/g] k|aGwkq
tyf lgodfjnLdf n]lvPsf] s'/fnfO{ d~h'/ u/L ;+:yfkssf] x}l;otn] x:tfIf/ ug]{ JolQm
;Demg' k5{ .
-`_ ækbflwsf/LÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, k|aGws, sDkgL] ;lrj,
lnlSj8]6/ / ljefuLo lhDd]jf/L lng] s'g} sd{rf/L ;d]t ;Demg' k5{ .
-6_ æk|aGwkqÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq ;Demg' k5{ .
-7_ ælgodfjnLÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] lgodfjnL ;Demg' k5{ .
-8_ æljj/0fkqÆ eGgfn] sDkgLn] bkmf @# adf]lhd k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{ ljj/0fkq ;Demg'
k5{ .
-9_ æz]o/Æ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] z]o/ k'“hLsf] ljeflht c+z ;Demg' k5{ .
-0f_ æcu|flwsf/ z]o/Æ eGgfn] o; P]g adf]lhd cu|flwsf/ z]o/sf] ?kdf hf/L ul/Psf]
z]o/ ;Demg' k5{ .
-t_ æ;fwf/0f z]o/Æ eGgfn] cu|flwsf/ z]o/ afx]ssf] z]o/ ;Demg' k5{ .
-y_ æaf]g; z]o/Æ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] d'gfkmfaf6 ePsf] art jf hu]8f sf]ifnfO{ k'“hLs/0f
u/L z]o/wgLx?nfO{ cltl/Qm z]o/sf] ?kdf hf/L ul/Psf] z]o/ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f]
zAbn] art jf hu]8f sf]ifnfO{ k'“hLs/0f u/L z]o/sf] r'Qmf /sd j[l4 u/]sf] cj:yf
;d]tnfO{ hgfp“5 .
-b_ æz]o/wgLÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] z]o/df :jfldTj ePsf] JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
-w_ æl8a]~r/Æ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] hfoh]yf lwtf] /fvL jf g/fvL sDkgLn] hf/L u/]sf]
C0fkq ;Demg' k5{ .
-g_ æl8a]~r/ 6«i6LÆ eGgfn] sDkgLn] l8a]~r/ lgisfzg ubf{ l8a]~r/jfnfsf] lxt
;+/If0fsf] lhDd]jf/L lng] ;+ul7t ;+:yf ;Demg' kb{5 .
-k_ æbtf{ lstfaÆ eGgfn] bkmf $^ adf]lhd v8f ul/Psf]] z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfsf]
btf{ lstfa ;Demg' k5{ .
4
♦-k!_ æljB'tLo clen]vÆ eGgfn] ljB'tLo :j?kdf sDkgLn] sfof{no ;dIf k]z u/]sf ;a}
k|sf/sf sfuhft tyf sfof{non] sDkgLnfO{ k7fPsf sfuhftnfO{ ;'/lIft ?kn]
sDKo'6/ k|0ffnLdf ul/g] e08f/0f ;Demg' k5{ .
-km_ æsDkgLsf] 5fkÆ eGgfn] sDkgLn] k|of]u ug{] sDkgLsf] 5fk ;Demg' k5{ .
-a_ ælwtf]kq af]8{Æ eGgfn] lwtf]kq lgoldt / Jojl:yt ug{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
;+:yfkgf ePsf] lwtf]kq af]8{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-e_ ælwtf]kqÆ eGgfn] sDkgLn] hf/L u/]sf] z]o/, a08, l8a]~r/ jf C0fkq ;Demg' k5{
/ ;f] zAbn] lwtf]kqsf] w/f}6L ;DaGwL e/kfO{ tyf lwtf]kq ;DaGwL xs / clwsf/kq
;d]tnfO{ hgfp“5 .
-d_ æ;~rfnsÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] a}slNks ;~rfns
;d]tnfO{ hgfp“5 .
-o_ æ;~rfns ;ldltÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ .
-/_ æk|aGw ;~rfnsÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] k|aGw ;~rfns ;Demg' k5{ .
-n_ ælk|ldod d"Nosf] z]o/Æ eGgfn] z]o/sf] cl°t d"NoeGbf a9L d"Nodf laqmL x'g] u/L
sDkgLn] hf/L u/]sf] z]o/ ;Demg' k5{ .
-j_ æv'b ;DklQ -g]6 jy{_Æ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] s'n hfoh]yfaf6 r'Qmf
k'“hL tyf z]o/wgLsf] xs nfUg] h'g;'s} gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] hu]8f, sf]if jf ;l~rt
d'gfkmf jf sDkgLsf] s'g} Voflt eP ;f] afx]ssf] cGo ;Dk"0f{ bfloTj /sd / ;°lnt
gf]S;fgL eP ;f] ;d]t s§f u/L af“sL /x]sf] /sdnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-z_ æ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfÆ eGgfn] k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{
z]o/wgLx?n] sDkgLsf] ;~rfngsf ;DaGwdf ;j{;Ddltaf6 u/]sf] ;Demf}tf ;Demg'
k5{ .
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
5
♣-if_ æsfof{noÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] k|zf;g ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] :yfkgf u/]sf] sDkgL
/lhi6«f/sf] sfof{no ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{nosf] zfvf
sfof{nonfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
-;_ æ/lhi6«f/Æ eGgfn] sfof{nosf] /lhi6«f/ ;Demg' k5{ .
-x_ æ:jtGq ;~rfnsÆ eGgfn] bkmf *^ sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm :jtGq ;~rfns
;Demg' k5{ .
-If_ æcbfntÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] ;xdlt lnO{ g]kfn /fhkqdf
;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]lslbPsf] cbfntsf] jfl0fHo Ohnfz ;Demg' k5{ .
-q_ æglhssf] gft]bf/Æ eGgfn] Psf;uf]nsf] c+lzof/ jf klt, kTgL, afa', cfdf, ;f;",
;;'/f, bfh' efO, lbbL, alxgL, efph", a'xf/L, ;fnf, ;fnL, legfh', sfsf, sfsL, dfdf,
dfOh", 5f]/f, 5f]/L, 5f]/fa'xf/L, gflt, gfltgL, gfltgLa'xf/L jf Hjf“O ;Demg' k5{ .
-1_ ætf]lsPsf]Æ jf ætf]lsP adf]lhdÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf
k|sfzg u/L tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]lhd ;Demg' k5{ .
kl/R5]b–@
sDkgLsf] ;+:yfkgf
#= sDkgLsf] ;+:yfkgf M -!_ d'gfkmfsf] p2]Zo lnO{ s'g} pBd ug{ rfxg] JolQmn] PSn} jf c?;“u
;d"xa4 eO{ k|aGwkqdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd Ps jf PseGbf a9L p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu sDkgL
;+:yfkgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ klAns sDkgLsf] ;+:yfkgfsf] nflu sDtLdf ;fthgf ;+:yfks x'g' kg]{5 .
t/ s'g} klAns sDkgLn] csf]{ klAns sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ubf{ ;fthgf ;+:yfkssf] cfjZostf
kg]{ 5}g .
-#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg kl/R5]b–!( df ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf]
cwLgdf /xL Ps jf PseGbf a9L p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ug{
;lsg]5 .
♣ klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . -;flas k|fawfgM -if_ æsfof{noÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] k|zf;g ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] v8f u/]sf] sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{no
;Demg' k5{ ._
6
♣$= sDkgL ;+:yfkgfsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg' kg]{ M -!_ bkmf # adf]lhd sDkgLsf] ;+:yfkgf ug{ rfxg]
JolQmn] ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 sDkgLsf] k|:tfljt gfd :jLs[ltsf] nflu sfof{no ;dIf lgjb]g lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sDkgLsf] gfd sfof{noaf6 :jLs[t ePsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePdf
lgj]bsn] b]xfodf plNnlvt sfuhft ljB'tLo dfWodaf6} sDKo'6/ k|0ffnLdf cknf]8 u/L sfof{no
;dIf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf lgj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ k|:tfljt sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq,
-v_ k|:tfljt sDkgLsf] lgodfjnL,
-u_ klAns sDkgL eP sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ug'{ cl3 ;+:yfksx?aLr s'g} ;Demf}tf ePsf]
/x]5 eg] To:tf] ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk,
-3_ k|fOe]6 sDkgL eP ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tf ePsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk,
♣klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
-;flas k|fawfgM $= sDkgL ;+:yfkgfsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg' kg]{ M -!_ bkmf # adf]lhd sDkgLsf] ;+:yfkgf ug{ rfxg] JolQmn] tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 9f“rfdf
tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ tyf b]xfosf sfuhftx?;d]t ;+nUg /fvL sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ k|:tfljt sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq,
-v_ k|:tfljt sDkgLsf] lgodfjnL,
-u_ klAns sDkgL eP sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ug'{ cl3 ;+:yfksx?aLr s'g} ;Demf}tf ePsf]
/x]5 eg] To:tf] ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk,
-3_ k|fOe]6 sDkgL eP ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tf ePsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk,
-ª_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} vf; k|sf/sf] Joj;fo jf sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug]{ sDkgL
btf{ ug'{ cl3 k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} lgsfosf] k"j{:jLs[lt jf Ohfht lng' kg]{
Joj:yf ul/Psf] eP To:tf] :jLs[lt jf Ohfhtkq,
-r_ g]kfnL gful/s ;+:yfks ePdf gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk / ;+ul7t ;+:yf ;+:yfks ePdf To:tf] ;+:yfsf] btf{ k|df0fkq,
sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ug]{] ;DaGwL ;~rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{o / To:tf] ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfkgf ;DaGwL k|d'v lnvtx?,
-5_ ljb]zL JolQm jf sDkgL jf lgsfo ;+:yfks ePdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd g]kfndf nufgL jf Joj;fo jf sf/f]af/ ug]{ af/]df k|fKt
cg'dltkq,
-h_ ljb]zL JolQm ;+:yfks ePdf lgh s'g d'n'ssf] gful/s xf] ;f] k|dfl0ft ug]{ lnvt,
-em_ ljb]zL sDkgL jf lgsfo ;+:yfks ePdf To:tf] sDkgL jf lgsfosf] ;+:yfkgfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk tyf ;+:yfkgf ;DaGwL
k|d'v lnvtx? .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Ps JolQm dfq ;+:yfks /x]sf] Psn z]o/wgL ePsf] sDkgLsf] ;+:yfkgfsf] nflu
tf]lsPsf] 9f“rfsf] lgodfjnLnfO{ g} ;+:yfksn] :jLsf/ ug{ d~h'/ u/]df k|:tfljt sDkgLsf] lgodfjnL k]z ug'{ kg]{ 5}g ._
7
-ª_ sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} vf; k|sf/sf] Joj;fo jf sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug]{ sDkgL
btf{ ug'{ cl3 sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} lgsfosf] k"j{:jLs[lt jf Ohfht lng' kg]{
Joj:yf ul/Psf] eP To:tf] :jLs[lt jf Ohfhtkq,
-r_ g]kfnL gful/s ;+:yfks ePdf gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk /
;+ul7t ;+:yf ;+:yfks ePdf To:tf] ;+:yfsf] btf{ k|df0fkq, sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ug]{]
;DaGwL ;~rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{o / To:tf] ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfkgf ;DaGwL k|d'v
lnvt,
-5_ ljb]zL JolQm jf sDkgL jf lgsfo ;+:yfks ePdf sfg"g adf]lhd g]kfndf nufgL
jf Joj;fo jf sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf k|fKt cg'dltkq,
-h_ ljb]zL JolQm ;+:yfks ePdf lgh s'g d'n'ssf] gful/s xf] To:tf] k|dfl0ft ug]{
lnvt,
-em_ ljb]zL sDkgL jf lgsfo ;+:yfks ePdf To:tf] sDkgL jf lgsfosf] ;+:yfkgfsf]
k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk tyf ;+:yfkgf ;DaGwL k|d'v lnvt .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -v_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Ps JolQm dfq ;+:yfks
/x]sf] Psn z]o/wgL ePsf] sDkgLsf] ;+:yfkgfsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] lgodfjnLsf] 9fFrfnfO{ g}
;+:yfksn] :jLsf/ ug{ d~h'/ u/]df k|:tfljt sDkgLsf] lgodfjnL k]z ug{ cfjZos kg]{ 5}g .
%= sDkgL btf{ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ bkmf $ adf]lhd sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ug{ lgj]bg k/]df sfof{non] cfjZos
hf“ra'em u/L lgj]bg k/]sf] ldltn] ♣;ft lbgleq tf]lsPsf] b:t¬/ lnO{ To:tf] sDkgL btf{ u/L
tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 9f“rfdf lgj]bsnfO{ sDkgL btf{sf] k|df0fkq lbg' kg]{5 .♦tf]lsPsf] ;doleq
btf{ gePdf sfof{non] k|:tfljt sDkgLnfO{ tLg lbgleq sf/0f ;lxtsf] hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{ 5 .
♦-!s_ lgj]bg tyf k|df0fkq ;DaGwL sfuhftx? k|df0fLs/0f ubf{ ljB'tLo x:tfIf/;d]t
dfGo x'g]5 / sfuhftx? ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 k|:t't ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sDkgL btf{ ePkl5 sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ePsf] dflgg]5 .
♣klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . - ;flas k|fawfgM kGw| lbgleq _
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
8
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 9f“rfdf sfof{non] sDkgL btf{
lstfa /fVg]5 .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ePkl5 o; P]gsf] cwLgdf /xL k|aGwkq /
lgodfjnLdf n]lvPsf s'/fx? sDkgL / o;sf k|To]s z]o/wgL tyf z]o/wgLx?aLr Ps cfk;df
ePsf] 5'§f5'§} ;Demf}tfdf ul/Psf] Joj:yf ;/x sDkgL / o;sf z]o/wgLx?nfO{ aGwgsf/L
x'g]5g\ .
-%_ o; P]g adf]lhd sDkgL btf{ gu/L s'g} JolQmn] sDkgL zAbsf] k|of]u u/L s'g} kmd{ jf
;+:yfsf] gfdaf6 s'g} klg lsl;dsf] sf/f]af/ ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
^= sDkgL btf{ ug{ OGsf/ ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf sfof{non] sDkgL btf{ ug{ OGsf/
ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
♣-s_ k|:tfljt sDkgLsf] gfdcl3 btf{ eO{ sfod /x]sf] s'g} sDkgLsf] gfd jf 6«]8dfs{sf]
gfd;Fu ldNg] ePdf jf e|d l;h{gf x'g ;Sg] u/L To:tf] sDkgLsf] gfd jf
6«]8dfs{sf] gfd;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] x'g] ePdf,
-v_ k|:tfljt sDkgLsf] gfd jf p2]Zo k|rlnt sfg"g ljk/Lt ePdf jf ;fj{hlgs lxt,
g}ltstf, ;bfrf/, lzi6frf/ cflb s'g} b[li6sf]0fn] cg'ko'Qm jf cjf~5gLo b]lvPdf
jf kmf}hbf/L sfo{sf] cfzo emNsg] b]lvPdf,
-u_ k|:tfljt sDkgLsf] gfd o; P]g adf]lhd btf{ vf/]hLdf k/]sf] jf k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf] sDkgLsf] gfd;“u ldNg] ePdf jf e|d l;h{gf x'g ;Sg]
u/L ldNbf]h'Nbf] x'g] ePdf / To;/L btf{ vf/]hLdf k/]sf] jf bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf] cjlw
kf“r jif{ k'/f eOg;s]sf] ePdf,
-3_ o; P]g adf]lhd sDkgL ;+:yfkgf x'gsf] lgldQ cfjZos zt{x? k'/f gePdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt s'g} cj:yf k/L sfof{non] s'g} sDkgL btf{ ug{ OGsf/ u/]sf]df
;f]sf] sf/0f;lxtsf] ;"rgf bkmf $ adf]lhd sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ug{sf] nflu lgj]bg k/]sf] ldltn]
kGw| lbgleq lgj]bsnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
♣klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . -;flas k|fawfgM -s_ k|:tfljt sDkgLsf] gfd cl3 btf{ eO{ sfod /x]sf] s'g} sDkgLsf] gfd;“u ldNg] ePdf jf e|d l;h{gf
x'g ;Sg] u/L To:tf] sDkgLsf] gfd;“u ldNbf]h'Nbf] x'g] ePdf,_
9
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sfof{non] s'g} sDkgL btf{ ug{ OGsf/ u/]df jf pkbkmf -@_
adf]lhd ;"rgf glbPdf lrQ ga'‰g] JolQmn] kGw| lbgleq cbfntdf ph"/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
&= sDkgL ;+ul7t ;+:yf x'g] M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd ;+:yflkt sDkgL cljlR5Gg pQ/flwsf/jfnf Ps
:jzfl;t / ;+ul7t ;+:yf x'g]5 .
-@_ sDkgLn] o; P]gsf] cwLgdf /xL JolQm ;/x rn crn ;DklQ k|fKt ug{, /fVg, a]rlavg
ug{ jf cGo lsl;dn] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ sDkgLn] cfgf] gfdaf6 gfln; ph"/ ug{ / sDkgL pk/ klg ;f]xL gfdaf6 gfln; ph"/
nfUg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ sDkgLn] JolQm;/x s/f/ ug{ / s/f/ adf]lhdsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ tyf bfloTj lgjf{x
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
*= bfloTj ;Lldt x'g] M o; P]g adf]lhd ;+:yflkt sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/sf] ;DaGwdf z]o/wgLsf] bfloTj
lghn] vl/b u/]sf] jf vl/b ug{ sa'n u/]sf] z]o/sf] clwstd /sd;Dd dfq ;Lldt /xg]5 .
(= z]o/wgLx?sf] ;ª\Vof M -!_ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] z]o/wgLx?sf] ;ª\Vof ♣Ps;o Ps eGbf a9L x'g'
x'“b}g .
-@_ bkmf # sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zsf] cwLgdf /xL klAns sDkgLsf]
z]o/wgLx?sf] ;ª\Vof sDtLdf ;fthgf / a9Ldf hlt;'s} klg x'g ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ z]o/ laqmL ug]{ of]hgf
cGtu{t sDkgLsf] z]o/ vl/b u/]sf sd{rf/L jf To:tf] of]hgf cGtu{t z]o/ vl/b ul/;s]sf t/
tTsfn sDkgLsf] ;]jfdf g/x]sf sd{rf/LnfO{ z]o/wgLsf] ?kdf u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .
!)= sDkgLn] kfng ug'{ kg]{ zt{x? M o; P]g adf]lhd ;+:yflkt sDkgLn] of] P]g, k|aGwkq jf
lgodfjnLdf n]lvPsf zt{x?sf cltl/Qm b]xfosf zt{x?sf] kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ cfk"mn] ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ sfd sf/f]af/x? ;f] sDkgLsf] gfdaf6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-v_ k|fOe]6 sDkgLn] cfgf] gfdsf] k5fl8 æk|fOe]6 lnld6]8Æ / klAns sDkgLn] cfgf]
gfdsf] k5fl8 ælnld6]8Æ n]Vg' kg]{5 .
t/ d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgLsf] xsdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
♣klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . -;flas k|fawfgM krf;_
10
-u_ k|fOe]6 sDkgLn] cfgf] z]o/ tyf l8a]~r/ v'Nnf?kdf laqmL ug'{ x'“b}g .
-3_ k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf Joj:yf ul/Psf] sfo{ljlw k'/f gu/L
k|fOe]6 sDkgLn] cfgf] lwtf]kq z]o/wgLx? afx]s cGo JolQmnfO{ lwtf] aGws /fvL
jf cGo s'g} lsl;dn] xs 5f8L lbg x'“b}g .
-ª_ sDkgLn] ;fem]bf/L jf k|fOe]6 kmd{ vf]Ng x'“b}g .
-r_ o; P]gdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgLn] cfgf
;b:ox?nfO{ nfef+z ljt/0f ug{ jf ;b:o jf lghsf glhssf gft]bf/nfO{ k|ToIf jf
ck|ToIf ?kn] s'g} /sd e'QmfgL ug{ x'“b}g .
!!= klAns sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k'“hL M -!_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf jf g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf
k|sfzg u/L s'g} vf; sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k'“hL a9L x'g' kg]{ u/L cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s
klAns sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k'“hL sDtLdf Ps s/f]8 ?k}of“ x'g' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of] P]g k|f/De x'“bfsf avt ;f]xL
pkbkmfdf plNnlvt r'Qmf k'“hL gePsf] klAns sDkgLn] ;Djt\ @)^% ;fn cflZjg @@ ut]leq
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] k'“hL sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .
!@= s]xL vf; sf/f]af/ ug{ klAns sDkgL x'g' kg]{ M o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
a}l°· sf/f]af/, ljQLo sf/f]af/, ladf Joj;fo ;DaGwL sf/f]af/, lwtf]kq ahf/ ;DaGwL Joj;fo,
lgj[Qe/0f sf]if jf ;fd"lxs art sf]if -Do'Ro'cn km08_ ;~rfng ug]{ sDkgL♦ kfFr s/f]8eGbf
a9L r'Stf k'FhL ePsf] b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfos sDkgL jf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] cGo Joj;fo jf
sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug]{ sDkgL klAns sDkgLsf] ?kdf ;+:yfkgf x'g' kg]{5 . ♦xfn btf{ ePsf
k|fOe]6 sDkgLx?n] b'O{ jif{leq o; bkmf adf]lhd klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft eO;Sg' kg]{5 .
!#= k|fOe]6 sDkgL klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft x'g] M -!_ s'g} k|fOe]6 sDkgL b]xfosf cj:yfdf o; bkmf
adf]lhd klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft x'g]5 M–
-s_ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L ;f] sDkgLnfO{ klAns
sDkgLdf kl/0ft ug]{ lg0f{o u/]df,
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
11
t/ klAns sDkgL x'gsf] lgldQ o; P]g adf]lhd cfjZos zt{x? k'/f gu/]df
k|fOe]6 sDkgL klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
δ-v_====== -u_=======
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ sf] cj:yfdf ;f] v08df plNnlvt lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk ;+nUg
/fvL ;DalGwt k|fOe]6 sDkgLn] klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft x'gsf] nflu To;/L lg0f{o ePsf] ldltn]
tL; lbgleq sfof{no ;dIf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] b:t'/ ;lxt tf]lsP adf]lhd lgj]bg lbg' kg]{{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd sfof{no ;dIf lgj]bg k|fKt x'gcfPdf ;DalGwt k|fOe]6 sDkgLn]
o; P]g adf]lhd klAns sDkgLsf] ?kdf sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{sf nflu cfjZos zt{x? k'/f
u/]sf] ePdf sDkgL btf{ lstfadf To:tf] sDkgLnfO{ klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft u/]sf] Joxf]/f hgfO{
;f7L lbgleq tf]lsP adf]lhd sDkgL kl/0ft ePsf] k|df0fkq lbg' kg]{5 .
δ-$_======== -%_====== -^_======= -&_=========
-*_ o; bkmf adf]lhd s'g} k|fOe]6 sDkgL klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft ePdf To;/L kl/0ft
ePsf] ldltb]lv o; P]g adf]lhd klAns sDkgLsf] ;DaGwdf nfu" x'g] Joj:yfx? To:tf] sDkgLnfO{
:jtM nfu" ePsf] dflgg]5 .
δklxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . -;flas k|fawfgM v_ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] kRrL; k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ Ps jf PseGbf a9L klAns sDkgLn] vl/b
u/]df,
t/ o; v08 adf]lhdsf] k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ubf{ s'g} a}l°· jf ljQLo sDkgLn] 6«i6Lsf] ?kdf z]o/x? sAhfdf lnPsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] z]o/sf] u0fgf
ul/g] 5}g .
-u_ k|fOe]6 sDkgLn] s'g} klAns sDkgLsf] kRrL; k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ vl/b u/]df ._
δklxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . -;flas k|fawfgM -$_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ jf -u_ sf] cj:yf k/L s'g} k|fOe]6 sDkgL klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft ug'{
kg]{ ePdf To:tf] cj:yf ;[hgf ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq ;Dk"0f{ Joxf]/f v'nfO{ ;DalGwt k|fOe]6 sDkgLn] klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft x'gsf] nflu sfof{no
;dIf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] b:t'/ ;lxt tf]lsP adf]lhd lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd sfof{no ;dIf lgj]bg k|fKt x'g cfPdf To:tf] sDkgLn] o; P]g adf]lhd klAns sDkgLn] sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ k'/f ug'{ kg]{
zt{x? k'/f u/]sf] eP sfof{non] sDkgL btf{ lstfadf To:tf] sDkgLnfO{ klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft u/]sf] Joxf]/f hgfO{ tf]lsP adf]lhd sDkgL kl/0ft ePsf]
k|df0fkq lbg' kg]{5 .
-^_ o; bkmf adf]lhd s'g} k|fOe]6 sDkgL klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft ePdf ;f] sDkgLsf] ;xfos sDkgL ;d]t ;f]xL ldltb]lv :jtM klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft
ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft ePsf]df sDkgL btf{ lstfadf To:tf ;xfos sDkgL klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft ePsf] Joxf]/f hgfO{
k|df0fkq lngsf] nflu sfof{no ;dIf cfjZos sfuhft ;lxt lgj]bg lbg] bfloTj ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] x'g]5 ._
12
-(_ o; bkmf adf]lhd s'g} k|fOe]6 sDkgL klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft ePsf]df To;/L kl/0ft
ePsf] k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;a} ;DklQ tyf bfloTjx? kl5Nnf] sDkgLdf ;g]{5 .
!$= klAns sDkgL k|fOe]6 sDkgLdf kl/0ft x'g] M -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf s'g} klAns sDkgL o; bkmf
adf]lhd k|fOe]6 sDkgLdf kl/0ft x'g]5 M–
-s_ s'g} klAns sDkgLsf] z]o/wgLsf] ;ª\Vof ;fthgf eGbf sd ePdf,
-v_ klAns sDkgLn] bkmf !! adf]lhd cfgf] r'Qmf k'“hL sfod ug{ g;s]df jf bkmf
%& adf]lhd k'“hL 36fPsf] sf/0fn] bkmf !! adf]lhdsf] r'Qmf k'“hL sfod g/x]df .
t/ bkmf !! sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] sDkgLsf] xsdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cj:yf k/]df ;DalGwt klAns sDkgLn] 5 dlxgfleq cfgf]
k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLdf cfjZos ;+zf]wg u/L k|fOe]6 sDkgLdf kl/0ft ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;+zf]wg ePsf] k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] k|ltlnlk ;+nUg /fvL
;DalGwt klAns sDkgLn] k|fOe]6 sDkgLdf kl/0ft x'gsf] nflu To;/L ;+zf]wg ePsf] tL; lbgleq
sfof{no ;dIf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] b:t'/ ;lxt tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 9f“rfdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd sfof{no ;dIf lgj]bg k|fKt x'g cfPdf sDkgL btf{ lstfadf To:tf]
sDkgLnfO{ k|fOe]6 sDkgLdf kl/0ft u/]sf] Joxf]/f hgfO{ ;f7L lbgleq tf]lsP adf]lhd k|fOe]6
sDkgLdf kl/0ft ePsf] k|df0fkq lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd klAns sDkgL k|fOe]6 sDkgLdf kl/0ft ePdf To;/L kl/0ft x'g]
klAns sDkgLsf] ;a} ;DklQ tyf bfloTjx? kl5Nnf] sDkgLdf ;g]{5 .
!%= Dofb, ;"rgf cflb tfd]n ug]{ M -!_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} sDkgL,
;~rfns, z]o/wgL, l8a]~r/jfnf jf sd{rf/LnfO{ sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/ jf sDkgL;“u ;Da4 ljifosf]
;DaGwdf s'g} ;"rgf, Dofb, aGb;jfn cflb tfd]n ug'{ k/]df ;f] sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{nodf
To:tf] ;"rgf, Dofb, aGb;jfn cflb a'emfPdf jf /lhi6«L u/L x'nfs dfk{mt k7fPdf jf To:tf]
sfof{nodf /flvPsf] 6]lnofS;, Od]n, 6]n]S; jf o:t} cGo ljB'tLo pks/0f dfk{mt k7fPdf
/Ltk"j{s tfd]n ePsf] dflgg]5 . To;/L s'g} ;"rgf, Dofb, aGb;jfn OToflb tfd]n x'g g;s]df
;DalGwt sDkgL, ;~rfns jf sd{rf/LnfO{ /]l8of], 6]lnlehg jf /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf
tT;DaGwL ;"rgf k|;f/0f jf k|sfzg u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg ;lsg]5 . To;/L ul/Psf]
;"rgfnfO{ lghn] hfgsf/L kfPsf] dflgg]5 .
13
-@_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sDkgLsf s'g} ;~rfns, z]o/wgL,
l8a]~r/jfnf jf s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 jf s'g} clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L jf cbfntsf]
tkm{af6 kbLo sfo{;“u ;DalGwt ljifodf s'g} Dofb, ;"rgf, aGb;jfn cflb tfd]n ug'{ k/]df To:tf]
;~rfns, z]o/wgL jf sd{rf/Ln] lghsf] 6]n]S;, Od]n, 6]lnofS;sf] 7]ufgf lbPsf] /x]5 eg]
To:tf] 7]ufgfdf / To:tf] 7]ufgf glbPsf] cj:yfdf x'nfsåf/f kqfrf/ ug{ lbPsf] 7]ufgfdf x'nfsåf/f
/lhi6«L u/L k7fpg ;lsg]5 / To;/L k7fOPsf]df To:tf] ;"rgf, Dofb, aGb;jfn cflb /Ltk"j{s
tfd]n ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-#_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sDkgLn] o; P]g adf]lhd s'g}
z]o/wgL, l8a]~r/jfnf jf ;~rfnsnfO{ k7fpg' kg]{ ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L pknAw u/fp“bf jf
lghx?af6 s'g} hfgsf/L k|fKt ubf{ sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd jf lghx?sf]
;xdlt ePdf ljB'tLo ;~rf/ dfWodsf] k|of]u u/L lghx?n] pknAw u/fPsf] ljB'tLo ;~rf/sf]
7]ufgfdf k7fpg ;lsg]5 .
t/ ljB'tLo ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 To:tf] ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ ;xdlt glbg] z]o/wgL,
l8a]~r/jfnf jf ;~rfnsnfO{ x'nfs jf cGo e/kbf]{ dfWodaf6 To:tf] ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L k7fpg'
kg]{5 .
!^= /lhi6«f/sf] sfd / st{Jo M -!_ o; P]gsf] sfof{Gjog tyf sDkgLsf] k|zf;g ug{] st{Jo /lhi6«f/sf]
x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] ;j{dfGotfdf k|lts"n gx'g] u/L o; P]gsf] sfof{Gjog tyf sDkgLsf]
k|zf;g ;DaGwL sfo{ k|efjsf/L jf Jojl:yt ?kdf ;Dkfbg ug{sf] nflu /lhi6«f/n] cfjZos
lgb]{lzsf agfO{ hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 / ;f] lgb]{lzsfsf] kfngf ug'{ u/fpg' k|To]s sDkgL tyf
kbflwsf/Lsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] lgb]{lzsf ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ pknAw x'g ;Sg] u/L k|sfzg
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ /lhi6«f/n] o; P]g cg';f/ cfk"mnfO{ k|fKt clwsf/dWo] s]xL clwsf/ cfjZostf cg';f/
♣sfof{nosf] s'g} clws[t sd{rf/LnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
♣klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . -;flas k|fawfgM cfgf] dftxtsf] s'g} clws[t sd{rf/LnfO{ _
14
-%_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} lgodgsf/L lgsfon] k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} sDkgLnfO{ lbPsf] lgb]{zg jf To:tf] sDkgLsf ;DaGwdf ;f] lgsfon] k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd k|of]u ug]{ clVtof/LnfO{ o; bkmfn] ;Lldt u/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
!&= ;+:yfkgf k"j{ s/f/ M -!_ sDkgL ;+:yfkgf x'g'eGbf cl3 u/]sf] s/f/ k|:tfljt s/f/ dfq x'g]5 /
To:tf] s/f/ sDkgLsf nflu aGwgsf/L x'g] 5}g .
-@_ sDkgL ;+:yfkgf x'g' cufj} s'g} JolQmn] sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 s'g} sf/f]af/ u/]df jf ;fk6L
lnPdf To;/L ul/Psf] sf/f]af/;“u ;DalGwt s/f/k|lt pkbkmf -#_ sf] cwLgdf /xL To:tf] JolQmn]
JolQmut ?kdf lhDd]jf/L axg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ s'g} sf/f]af/df plNnlvt ;doleq jf sDkgL ;+:yfkgf eO{;s]kl5 dgfl;a ;doleq
sDkgLsf] sfd sf/afxL, Jojxf/ jf cfr/0faf6 cfk"mn] sf/f]af/ z'? ug]{ clwsf/ k|fKt u/]sf]
ldlteGbf cl3 ePsf sfd sf/afxL jf lnPsf] ;fk6LnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]df jf To:tf] sfd sf/afxL
k|lt ;xdlt hgfpdf ;f] sf/f]af/ sDkgL tyf s/f/sf] csf]{ kIfsf] nflu afWofTds x'g]5 /
sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 To:tf] sfd sf/afxL ug]{ JolQmn] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd Joxf]g'{ kg]{ JolQmut
bfloTjaf6 5'6 k|fKt ug]{5 .
-$_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|fOe]6 sDkgL ;+:yfkgf x'g' cufj}
ePsf s/f/sf ;DaGwdf To:tf] sDkgLsf] ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf n]lvP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b–#
k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL tyf ljj/0fkq
!*= k|aGwkq M -!_ sDkgLsf] k|aGwkqdf b]xfosf s'/fx? pNn]v ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 M–
-s_ sDkgLsf] gfd,
-v_ sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{no /xg] 7]ufgf,
-u_ sDkgLsf] p2]Zo,
-3_ sDkgLsf] p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ ul/g] sfdx?,
-ª_ sDkgLsf] clws[t k'“hLsf] c°, sDkgLn] tTsfn hf/L ug]{ z]o/ k'“hLsf] c° /
sDkgLsf] ;+:yfksn] r'Qmf ug{ sa'n u/]sf] c°,
-r_ sDkgLsf] z]o/sf] lsl;d, To:tf z]o/df lglxt xs, clwsf/, k|To]s z]o/sf] d"No
/ ljleGg k|sf/sf] z]o/ ;ª\Vof,
15
-5_ z]o/ vl/b jf x:tfGt/0f ug{ s'g} aGb]h /x]sf] eP ;f] s'/f,
-h_ ;+:yfksx?n] tTsfn lng sa'n u/]sf] z]o/ ;ª\Vof,
-em_ z]o/sf] /sd e'QmfgLsf zt{x?,
-`_ z]o/wgLx?sf] bfloTj ;Lldt /xg] s'/f,
-6_ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] xsdf z]o/wgLx?sf] clwstd ;ª\Vof,
-7_ cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvPsf s'/fx?sf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf s'g} s'/f ul/g] jf x'g] ePdf To:tf
s'/fx? ;d]t k|aGwkqdf pNn]v ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 M–
-s_ ;+:yfks jf cGo s'g} JolQmn] gub afx]s c? s'g} lsl;daf6 z]o/ vl/b ug{] jf
z]o/df xs kfpg] eP ;f] s'/f,
-v_ sDkgLn] sf/f]af/ z'? ubf{sf] avt ;+:yfks jf cGo s'g} JolQmaf6 s'g} lsl;d;“u
s'g} ;DklQ k|fKt ug]{ eP ;f] s'/f,
-u_ sDkgLsf] ;+:yfkgf ubf{ nfu]sf] vr{ sDkgLn] g} Joxf]g'{ kg]{ eP ;f] s'/f,
-3_ ;+:yfks jf cGo s'g} JolQmn] sDkgLaf6 s'g} ljz]if ;x'lnot jf clwsf/ kfpg]
eP ;f] s'/f .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -s_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd ;+:yfks jf cGo s'g} JolQmn] gub
afx]s c? s'g} lsl;daf6 z]o/ vl/b ubf{ jf z]o/df xs k|fKt ubf{ gub afx]s cGo s'/fsf] /
v08 -v_ df pNn]v eP cg';f/ sDkgLsf] sfd z'? ubf{sf] cj:yfdf ;+:yfks jf cGo s'g}
JolQmaf6 sDkgLn] s'g} ;DklQ k|fKt ubf{ klAns sDkgLsf] xsdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd d"Nof°g
ug{ k|df0fkqk|fKt OlGhlgo/ jf n]vf Joj;foLaf6 To:tf] ;DklQsf] d"Nof°g u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd s'g} ;DklQsf] d"Nof°g ug]{ cfwf/ tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 / To;/L
gtf]lsPsf]df To:tf] ;DklQ d"Nof°g ug]{ JolQmn] ;DklQsf] ljj/0f d"Nof°g ubf{sf] cfwf/ pNn]v
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ k|aGwkq o; P]g;“u aflemPdf aflemPsf] xb;Dd :jtM ab/ x'g]5 .
-^_ k|aGwkqsf] 9f“rf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
16
!(= k|aGwkqdf ;xL5fk ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ k|aGwkqdf sDkgLsf] ;+:yfksx?sf] k'/f gfd / 7]ufgf pNn]v
u/L k|To]s ;+:yfksn] s] slt z]o/ lng d~h'/ u/]sf] xf] ;f] ;d]t b]vfOPsf] / lghx? ;a}sf]
;xL5fk k/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-@_ k|To]s ;+:yfkssf] nflu 5'§f5'§} ;fIfLsf] gfd / 7]ufgf k|i6;“u v'n]sf] x'g' kg]{5 / To:tf]
;fIfLsf] ;xL5fk ;d]t k|aGwkqdf k/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ k|To]s ;+:yfksn] ;f] sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf tf]lsP adf]lhd / To;/L gtf]lsPsf]df
sDtLdf Ps ;o lsQf z]o/ vl/b ug{ d~h'/ u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-$_ sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ePsf] Ps jif{leq sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{on] bkmf $
adf]lhd lbOPsf] lgj]bg;fy k]z ul/Psf] k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLdf b]lvPsf ;fdfGo q'6L jf
5kfO{ jf 6fOksf] uNtLnfO{ ;RofO{ kfpg sfof{no ;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;lsg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf To; pk/ 5fglag u/L pko'Qm b]v]df sfof{non]
To:tf] q'6L jf uNtLnfO{ ;RofO{ ;f]sf] clen]v /fVg]5 .
t/ sDkgLsf] d"n p2]Zodf km/s kg]{ u/L s'g} s'/f ;Rofpg ;lsg] 5}g .
@)= lgodfjnL M -!_ k|aGwkqdf plNnlvt p2]Zox? k|fKt ug{ / sDkgLn] cfgf] sfd sf/afxL
;'Aojl:yt ?kn] ;~rfng ug{ lgodfjnL agfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ lgodfjnLdf b]xfosf s'/fx? pNn]v ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 M–
-s_ sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef af]nfpg] tl/sf, ;efsf] nflu lbg' kg]{ ;"rgf ;DaGwL
s'/fx?,
-v_ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] sfo{ljlw,
-u_ ;~rfnssf] ;ª\Vof, a}slNks ;~rfnssf] Joj:yf eP ;f] s'/f / ;~rfnssf]
sfo{sfn,
-3_ ;fwf/0f ;ef tyf ;~rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{osf] clen]v / To;sf] k|ltlnlk tyf
lg/LIf0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf,
-ª_ s'g} JolQmn] sDkgLsf] ;~rfns lgo'Qm x'g z]o/ lng' kg]{ eP Go"gtd z]o/ ;ª\Vof,
-r_ klAns sDkgL eP :jtGq ;~rfnssf] of]Uotf / ;ª\Vof,
-5_ z]o/wgLafx]ssf] cGo s'g} Jofj;flos JolQmnfO{ ;~rfns lgo'Qm ug]{ eP lghx?sf]
;ª\Vof, sfo{sfn, of]Uotf tyf lgo'lQm k|lqmof ;DaGwL Joj:yf,
17
-h_ ;~rfns ;ldlt / k|aGw ;~rfnssf] clwsf/ / st{Jox?,
-em_ ;~rfnsx?sf] clVtof/L tyf clVtof/Lsf] k|Tofof]hg,
-`_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] u0fk"/s ;ª\Vof, a}7ssf] ;"rgf tyf a}7ssf] sfo{ljlw,
-6_ z]o/df lnog /xg] s'/f,
-7_ ljleGg ju{sf z]o/x? / To:tf z]o/df lgxLt xs, clwsf/ tyf aGb]hx?,
-8_ z]o/ afktsf] /sdsf] e'QmfgLsf] dfu tyf z]o/ hkmt ;DaGwL Joj:yf,
-9_ z]o/ x:tfGt/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf,
-0f_ z]o/ k'“hL yk36 ug{] s'/f,
-t_ sDkgLn] cfgf] z]o/ cfkm}+ vl/b ug{] eP ;f] s'/f,
-y_ sDkgL ;lrjsf] lgo'lQm,
-b_ ;~rfnssf] kfl/>lds, eQf / ;'ljwf ;DaGwL Joj:yf,
-w_ cfgf] sf/f]af/df 5fk k|of]u ug]{ eP sDkgLsf] 5fksf] k|of]u,
-g_ sDkgLsf] n]vf, lx;fa lstfa tyf n]vfk/LIf0f,
-k_ C0f jf l8a]~r/ p7fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf,
-km_ sDkgL ufleg] s'/f,
-a_ s'g} vf; Joj;fo ug]{ sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf v'nfpg' kg]{ egL k|rlnt sfg"gdf
s'g} Joj:yf ul/Psf] eP To:tf] s'/f,
-e_ lgodfjnLdf v'nfpg' kg]{ cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
-#_ sDkgLsf] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/Lsf] arfp ;DaGwdf lgodfjnLdf ul/Psf] s'g} Joj:yf
nufot of] P]g tyf k|aGwkq;“u s'g} Joj:yf aflemPdf aflemPsf] xb;Dd ab/ x'g]5 .
-$_ lgodfjnLsf] 9f“rf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@!= k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf ;+zf]wg M -!_ sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L bkmf ^
sf] cwLgdf /xL k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnL ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf ;+zf]wg ul/Psf] Joxf]/fsf] hfgsf/L
sDkgLn] tL; lbgleq sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 / sfof{non] To:tf] hfgsf/L k|fKt u/]sf] ;ft lbgleq
clen]v u/L ;DalGwt sDkgLnfO{ To;sf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
18
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} sDkgLn] cfgf] gfd ;+zf]wg ug'{
k/]df ;fwf/0f ;efdf ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] b:t'/ ;lxt sfof{nosf] k"j{
:jLs[ltsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 / To;/L k|fKt ePsf] lgj]bg cg';f/ gfd ;+zf]wg ug{ sfof{non]
:jLs[lt lbPdf sDkgLsf] gfd ;+zf]wg x'g]5 .
-$_ klAns sDkgLsf] p2]Zodf ;+zf]wg ul/Psf] s'/fdf lrQ ga'em]df ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{
;f] ;+zf]wgnfO{ cdfGo 3f]lift u/fpg ;f] sDkgLsf] z]o/wgLn] cbfnt ;dIf b]xfosf zt{x? k'/f
u/L lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ ;+zf]wg jf kl/jt{g ug{ ;xdlt k|bfg ug]{ jf dt lbg] z]o/wgLx? afx]s sDkgLsf]
r'Qmf k'“hLsf] sDtLdf kf“r k|ltzt z]o/ lng] z]o/wgL jf z]o/wgLx?n] lgj]bg
lbg' kg]{,
-v_ sDkgLsf] p2]Zo ;+zf]wg ug]{ k|:tfj kfl/t ePsf] PSsfO; lbgleq lgj]bg
lbO;s]sf] x'g' kg]{,
-u_ lgj]bg lbg kfpg] clwsf/ ePsf Ps jf PseGbf a9L z]o/wgLx?sf tkm{af6
s;}n] lgj]bg lbg' kbf{ ;f] k|of]hgsf nflu lnlvt ?kdf clwsf/ lbOPsf] JolQmn]
lgj]bg lbg' kg]{ .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] lgj]bgsf] Joxf]/f, ldlt, ;do / :yfgsf] ;DaGwdf
sDkgLnfO{ klg hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 eGg] af/]df cbfnt ;Gt'i6 geP;Dd ;f] lgj]bg pk/ ;'g'jfO{
x'g] 5}g .
t/ ;DalGwt sDkgLn] ;f] ;"rgf a'lem glnPsf] Joxf]/f cbfnt ;dIf k]z ePsf] sfuhftaf6
b]lvPdf cbfntaf6 ;'g'jfO{ x'g afwf kg]{ 5}g .
-^_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd cbfntdf lgj]bg k/]sf]df cbfntaf6 ;f] ljifodf clGtd lg0f{o
jf cfb]z geP;Dd sDkgLsf] p2]Zodf ul/Psf] ;+zf]wg k|efjsf/L x'g] 5}g .
-&_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg pk/ cbfntn] b]xfosf zt{ tyf cj:yfx? tf]sL pko'Qm
cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ sDkgLsf] p2]Zodf ePsf] ;+zf]wg k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf dfGo jf cdfGo 3f]lift
ug{,
-v_ sDkgLsf] d"n p2]Zo kl/jt{g ug]{ s'/fdf c;xdt eO{ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lgj]bg
lbg] z]o/wgLx?n] lnPsf] z]o/ tyf cGo xs plrt d"Nodf sDkgLn] vl/b ug{,
19
-u_ v08 -v_ adf]lhd z]o/ vl/b ubf{ bkmf ^! sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] /sdaf6
ug{' kg{] / To:tf] /sd gx'g] sDkgLsf] xsdf sDkgLn] ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L
To;/L z]o/ vl/b u/]sf] xb;Dd z]o/ k'“hL 36fP;/x dflgg] u/L sDkgLsf] k'“hL
36fpg] cfb]z lbg] / To:tf] cfb]z ePsf]df sDkgLn] cfgf] k|aGwkq tyf
lgodfjnLdf o; P]gsf Joj:yfx?sf] cwLgdf /xL ;+zf]wg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ of] P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cbfntsf] cfb]z cg';f/ sDkgLsf]
p2]Zo ;+zf]wg ug{ sDkgLn] u/]sf] lg0f{o k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf ab/ ug]{ cfb]z hf/L u/]sf] eP
cbfntsf] cg'dlt ljgf jf cbfntsf] cfb]z ljk/Lt x'g] u/L ;f] ljifodf sDkgLn] k|aGwkq jf
lgodfjnLdf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
-(_ cbfntsf] cfb]zaf6 sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf kl/jt{g ul/Psf] ePdf jf
sDkgLn] u/]sf] ;+zf]wg k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf cbfntaf6 cg'df]bg ul/Psf] ePdf To:tf] kl/jt{g
jf cg'df]bg sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 g} kl/jt{g jf cg'df]bg ePsf] ;/x dfgL nfu" ul/g]5 .
@@= k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ klAns sDkgLn] cfgf] k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL
sf/f]af/ z'? ug]{ Ohfht k|fKt u/]sf] tLg dlxgfleq k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ klAns sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLdf s'g} ;+zf]wg ePdf To:tf] ;+zf]wg ePsf] tLg
dlxgfleq ;+zf]lwt k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnL k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd k|sfzg ul/Psf] k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnL klAns sDkgLn]
;/f]sf/jfnfåf/f dfu ePsf] avt pknAw u/fpg ;lsg] u/L sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{nodf /fVg'
kg]{5 .
@#= ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ klAns sDkgLn] cfgf] lwtf]kq ;fj{hlgs lgisfzg ug'{ cufj}
ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ug'{cl3 sDkgLsf ;a} ;~rfnsx?n]
ljj/0fkqdf ;xL5fk u/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu lwtf]kq ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd lwtf]kq af]8{
;dIf lnlvt ?kdf lgjb]g lbg' kg{]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lwtf]kq af]8{n] :jLs[t u/L ;fj{hlgs lgisfzgsf] cg'dlt k|bfg
u/L To:tf] ljj/0fkqsf] Ps k|lt sfof{nodf btf{ gu/fP;Dd s'g} klg sDkgLn] jf ;f] sDkgLsf]
tkm{af6 s'g} JolQmn] To:tf] sDkgLsf] ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ug{ u/fpg x'“b}g .
20
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ljj/0fkqdf s'g} dxTjk"0f{ s'/f pNn]v ug{ 5'6 ePsf]
jf cgfjZos s'/f pNn]v ePsf] b]lvPdf lwtf]kq af]8{n] To:tf] ljj/0fkqdf sfg"g adf]lhd
cfjZos ;+zf]wg jf yk36 ug{ nufO{ k|sfzg ug{ :jLs[lt k|bfg ug]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ljj/0fkq lwtf]kq af]8{åf/f :jLs[t ePdf ;DalGwt
sDkgLn] ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lnlvt ?kdf lwtf]kq af]8{sf] :jLs[ltkqsf] k|ltlnlk ;lxt
sfof{nonfO{ lbg]5 / ;f] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePkl5 sfof{non] o; bkmf adf]lhd ljj/0fkq btf{ ug{]5 .
t/ o; P]gdf Joj:yf ePsf s'g} s'/f kfngf gePsf] b]lvPdf sfof{non] btf{ ug{ OGsf/
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ sfof{non] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd btf{ u/]sf] ljj/0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk s'g} klg JolQmn] dfu
u/]df tf]lsPsf] z'Ns lnO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
-&_ sDkgLn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ubf{ ;f] ljj/0fkq lwtf]kq af]8{af6
:jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf] / sfof{nodf btf{ u/]sf] s'/f ldlt ;d]t pNn]v u/L v'nfPsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-*_ k|To]s ljj/0fkqsf] cfj/0f k[i7df To:tf] ljj/0fkq o; bkmf adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] / ;f]
ljj/0fkqdf plNnlvt s'/fx?sf ;DaGwdf lwtf]kq af]8{ jf sfof{non] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] lhDd]jf/L
axg ug'{ gkg]{ s'/f ;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ lwtf]kq af]8{n] s'g} sDkgLsf] ljj/0fkq :jLs[t ug'{cl3 ;DalGwt sDkgLn] o; P]gsf]
Joj:yfsf] kfngf ePsf] ;DaGwdf lwtf]kq af]8{ ;dIf pb\3f]if0f ug'{ kg]{5 / ;f] ;DaGwdf lwtf]kq
af]8{n] cfjZos b]v]df sfof{nosf] /fo lng ;Sg]5 .
-!)_ ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ubf{ k'/f ug'{ kg]{ cGo sfo{ljlw / ljj/0fkqdf v'nfpg' kg]{ s'/fx?
lwtf]kq sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@$= ljj/0fkqdf n]lvPsf] s'/fsf] hjfkmb]xL M -!_ bkmf @# adf]lhd k|sfzg ePsf] ljj/0fkqdf
n]lvPsf s'/fx?sf] kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] st{Jo tyf bfloTj x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0fkqdf pNn]v ePsf s'/fx?sf] hjfkmb]xL ;f] ljj/0fkqdf
;xL5fk ug]{ ;~rfnsx?sf] x'g]5 .
-#_ ablgot;fy jf hfgfhfgL e'm§f s'/fx? pNn]v u/L ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ul/Psf] /x]5 /
;f] ljj/0fkqdf ljZjf; u/L lwtf]kq vl/b u/]sf] sf/0faf6 s'g} JolQmnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL x'g
uPsf] /x]5 eg] To;/L x'g uPsf] jf:tljs xflg gf]S;fgLsf] Ifltk"lt{ ljj/0fkqdf ;xL5fk ug]{
;~rfnsn] JolQmut ?kdf Joxf]g{' kg]{5 .
21
t/ ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ug]{ ljifodf sDkgLaf6 lg0f{o x'g'eGbf cufj} /fhLgfdf lbg] jf
ljj/0fkqdf e'm§f s'/f n]lvPsf] yfxf kfO{ lwtf]kq laqmL jf af“8kmf“8 x'g'cl3 g} ;f] s'/fsf] ;"rgf
;j{;fwf/0fn] yfxf kfpg] u/L k|sfzg ug]{ jf ljj/0fkqdf n]lvPsf] Joxf]/f unt xf] eGg] yfxf
lyPg egL k|dfl0ft ug]{ ;~rfnsn] To:tf] Ifltk"lt{ Joxf]g'{ kg]{ 5}g .
@%= k|ltlnlk lbg' kg]{ M -!_ k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL, ljj/0fkq, jflif{s lx;fa / n]vfk/LIf0f jf ;~rfnssf]
k|ltj]bg jf sDkgLn] sfof{nodf k]z u/]sf] s'g} lnvtsf] k|ltlnlk s'g} z]o/wgL jf c? s'g}
;/f]sf/jfnfn] dfu u/]df ;DalGwt sDkgLn] lgodfjnLdf tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ lnO{ To:tf] lnvtsf]
k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
t/ klAns sDkgLsf] eP hf] ;'s}n] klg dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;DalGwt sDkgLaf6 To:tf lnvtx?sf] k|ltlnlk pknAw gu/fPdf
sfof{non] tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ lnO{ cfk"m;“u /x]sf] clen]vaf6 To:tf] lnvtx?sf] k|ltlnlk pknAw
u/fpg]5 .
@^= sDkgLsf] 5fk / ;f]sf] k|of]u M -!_ cfgf] sf/f]af/df 5fk k|of]u ug{ rfxg] sDkgLn] :ki6 b]lvg]
cIf/df cfgf] gfdsf] 5fk agfpg' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] 5fk k|of]u ug]{ sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 k]z x'g] k|ltj]bg, clen]v
tyf sDkgLsf] gfdaf6 k|of]u x'g] Jofkfl/skq, lx;fa lstfasf] ljj/0f, aLn, lahs, dfu cfb]z
kmf/fd, s'g} ;"rgf tyf sDkgLsf cflwsfl/s k|sfzgx?, ljlgd]o clwsf/kq, ljlgdokq,
k|lt1fkq / sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 ;xL ul/Psf jf hf/L ul/Psf cflwsfl/s lnvtx?df k|of]u ug'{
kg{]5 .
-#_ s'g} JolQmn] sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 pkbkmf -@_ df pNn]v ePsf lnvtx?df ;xL ubf{
sDkgLsf] gfd gv'nfPdf To:tf] JolQm g} ;f]sf] nflu JolQmut ?kdf hjfkmb]xL x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b–$
z]o/ / l8a]~r/
@&= z]o/sf] cl°t d"No / b/vf:t M -!_ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] z]o/sf] cl°t d"No lgodfjnLdf tf]s]
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ klAns sDkgLsf] z]o/sf] cl°t d"No k|lt z]o/ krf; ?k}of“ jf bz c°n] efu hfg]
;f]eGbf a9L c°n] x'g cfpg] u/L k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhdsf] /sd a/fa/
x'g]5 .
22
-#_ klAns sDkgLn] z]o/ vl/bsf] nflu b/vf:t cfJxfg ubf{ k|lt z]o/sf] cl°t d"Nosf]
krf; k|ltzteGbf a9L /sd b/vf:t;fy dfu ug'{ x'“b}g .
t/ sDtLdf tLg jif{cl3b]lv ;~rfngdf /x]sf sDkgLn] ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ubf{ cfgf]
cl3Nnf] tLg jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] cfly{s ljj/0f k|sfzg u/L k'“hL p7fp“bf of] Joj:yf nfu"
x'g] 5}g .
-$_ klAns sDkgLsf] z]o/ vl/b ug{ rfxg] JolQmn] tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 9f“rfdf b/vf:t lbg'
kg]{5 .
@*= z]o/sf] af“8kmf“8 M -!_ klAns sDkgLn] z]o/ vl/bsf] nflu ;j{;fwf/0f ;dIf b/vf:t cfJxfg
u/]sf]df z]o/ lgisf;g aGb ePsf] ldltn] a9Ldf tLg dlxgfleq z]o/sf] af“8kmf“8 u/L z]o/wgLnfO{
tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 9f“rfdf ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ ;fj{hlgs lgisfzg ul/Psf] z]o/sf] sDtLdf krf; k|ltzt z]o/ vl/b ug]{ af/]df
k|Tofe"lt ;Demf}tf gePsf] cj:yfdf ;fj{hlgs lgisfzg ul/Psf]] hDdf z]o/sf] sDtLdf krf;
k|ltzt z]o/ laqmL x'g g;Sg] ePdf z]o/sf] af“8kmf“8 ug{' x'“b}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zdf plNnlvt sf/0fn] ubf{ ;f] pkbkmfdf plNnlvt
Dofbleq z]o/sf] af“8kmf“8 x'g g;s]sf] Joxf]/f v'nfO{ sDkgLn] ;f] Dofb gf3]sf] ;ft lbgleq
lgj]bg lbPdf sfof{non] z]o/ af“8kmf“8sf] nflu tLg dlxgf;Ddsf] Dofb ylklbg]5 . o;/L Dofb
yk ul/Psf] cjlwleq klg z]o/ af“8kmf“8 x'g g;s]df To;/L af“8kmf“8 x'g g;s]sf z]o/x?
sDkgLn] jftf{ jf cGo s'g} tl/sfn] af“8kmf“8 ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq klg z]o/sf] af“8kmf“8 x'g g;s]df To:tf] Dofb
e'Qmfg ePsf] lbgb]lv z]o/ vl/b afkt k|fKt /sd / To:tf] /sddf lkmtf{ a'emfpg] lbg;Ddsf]
tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] Aofh ;d]t lkmtf{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{ /sd lkmtf{ ug{ gk'u ePdf gk'u eP hlt /sd
♣;+:yfks tyf ;~rfnsx¿n] JolQmut ?kdf Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd z]o/sf] af“8kmf“8 ubf{ e]befjk"0f{ tl/sfn] jf s'g}
nufgLstf{nfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg] lgotn] af“8kmf“8 ePsf]df ;f] ljifodf s'g} nufgLstf{n]
;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ ;f] ljifo pk/ cbfnt ;dIf ph"/L lbg ;Sg]5 .
♣klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . -;flas k|fawfgM ;+:yfksx?n]_
23
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd ph"/L kg{ cfPdf sDkgLsf] s'g} kbflwsf/Ln] hfgL hfgL of] bkmfsf]
pNnª\3g u/]sf] jf To:tf] pNnª\3g ug{ s;}nfO{ cg'dlt lbPsf] sf/0faf6 s'g} nufgLstf{nfO{
xflg gf]S;fgL ePsf] /x]5 eg] ;f]sf] Ifltk"lt{ / d'2f dfldnfdf ePsf] dgfl;a vr{ ;d]t To:tf]
kbflwsf/Laf6 JolQmut ?kdf e/fpg] u/L cbfntn] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
@(= lk|ldod d"Nosf] z]o/ hf/L ug{ ;lsg] M ♣-!_ lwtf]kq ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd lwtf]kqsf]
;fj{hlgs lgisfzg ug{ ;Sg] s'g} klAns sDkgLn] lwtf]kq ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gdf plNnlvt
zt{ tyf cj:yf adf]lhd lk|ldod d"Nosf] z]o/ hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . t/ k|fOe]6 sDkgL jf lwtf]kq
;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd lwtf]kqsf] ;fj{hlgs lgisfzg ug]{ Joj:yf gu/]sf] cGo klAns
sDkgLn] bfloTjeGbf ;DklQ a9L ePsf] cj:yfdf ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 :jLs[lt lnO{ lk|ldod d"Nosf]
z]o/ hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lk|ldod d"Nodf z]o/ laqmL ePsf]df ;f]af6 k|fKt /sddWo] cl°t
d"NoeGbf a9L /sd lk|ldod vftf vf]nL hDdf ug'{ kg{]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] vftfdf /x]sf] /sdnfO{ sDkgLn] b]xfosf sfdsf] nflu k|of]u
ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ hf/L gul/Psf] z]o/ k'“hLdWo]af6 z]o/wgLx?nfO{ k"0f{ d"No r'Qmf ePsf] af]g; z]o/
af“8kmf“8 u/L hf/L ug{,
-v_ lkmtf{ x'g] s'g} cu|flwsf/ z]o/ lkmtf{ ubf{ ltg'{ kg]{ lk|ldodsf] ;DaGwdf /sd
Joj:yf ug{,
-u_ sDkgLn] u/]sf] k|f/lDes vr{ ldGxf ug{,
-3_ sDkgLsf] z]o/ hf/L ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] vr{ jf e'QmfgL ul/Psf] sldzg jf
l8:sfp06 /sd Joxf]g{ jf zf]wegf{ ug{ .
♣ klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . -;flas k|fawfgM -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yf k'/f ug]{ s'g} sDkgLn] sfof{nosf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ lk|ldod d"Nosf] z]o/ hf/L ug{
;Sg]5 M–
-s_ nuftf/ tLg jif{;Dd sDkgL d'gfkmfdf ;~rfng eO{ nfef+z ljt/0f u/]sf],
-v_ sDkgLsf] ;Dk"0f{ bfloTj eGbf v'b ;DklQ -g]6jy{_ a9L ePsf],
-u_ sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] lk|ldod d"Nosf z]o/ hf/L ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] ._
24
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lk|ldod d"Nosf] z]o/ hf/L ug{ sfof{nosf] :jLs[lt dfu ubf{ tLg
jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] cfly{s ljj/0f sfof{nonfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
#)= km/s clwsf/ ePsf z]o/ / To:tf z]o/wgLsf] clwsf/ M -!_ sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLdf
Joj:yf u/L sDkgLn] km/s–km/s clwsf/ x'g] u/L ljleGg ju{sf z]o/x? hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s s'g} vf; ju{sf z]o/wgLsf]
clwsf/df s'g} x]/km]/ ug'{ k/]df ;DalGwt ju{sf z]o/wgLx?sf] :jLs[lt cfjZos kg]{5 .
t/ s'g} csf]{ ju{sf z]o/wgLx?sf] xs clwsf/df k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ u/L s'g} vf; ju{sf
z]o/wgLx?sf] clwsf/df x]/km]/ ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd vf; ju{sf z]o/df /x]sf] clwsf/df x]/km]/ ug]{ ljifodf ePsf]
lg0f{o pk/ lrQ ga'‰g]] ju{sf sDtLdf bz k|ltzt z]o/sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ z]o/wgLn] ;f] x]/km]/
u/]sf] lg0f{o ab/ u/L kfp“ egL cbfntdf lgj]bg lbPdf cbfntn] cGoyf lg0f{o jf cfb]z gu/];Dd
To:tf] ju{sf z]o/wgLx?sf] clwsf/df x]/km]/ ug]{ af/]df ePsf] lg0f{o nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-$_ vf; ju{sf z]o/df /x]sf] clwsf/ kl/jt{g ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] tL; lbgleq pkbkmf -#_
adf]lhd lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 / ;f] Dofb Joltt geP;Dd pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog
ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-%_ ;DalGwt ju{sf z]o/wgLnfO{ k|fKt clwsf/ x]/km]/ ubf{ lgj]bs z]o/wgLx?sf] clxt
x'g] b]lvPdf ;f] ju{sf z]o/wgLx?sf] clwsf/df x]/km]/ ug]{ af/]df ul/Psf] lg0f{o cbfntn] ab/
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd s'g} vf; ju{sf z]o/wgLx?sf] clwsf/ x]/km]/ ug]{ ;DaGwL k|:tfj
;~rfns ;ldltn] ;DalGwt ju{sf z]o/wgLx?sf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 / To:tf] k|:tfj
;fwf/0f ;efaf6 ljz]if k|:tfjsf] ?kdf kfl/t ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg z]o/wgLsf] x}l;otn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
k"0f{ jf cf+lzs :jfldTj ePsf] sDkgL lghLs/0f ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ lghLs/0f ubf{
To:tf] sDkgLdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nufgL sfod /x];Dd b]xfosf] ljifodf lg0f{o ubf{ lgodfjnLdf
Joj:yf eP adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljz]if dtflwsf/ /xg ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ bkmf !)% sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd xs 5fl8 lbg] k|:tfj pk/ lg0f{o
ubf{,
-v_ sDkgLsf] :j]lR5s vf/]hL ;DaGwL lg0f{o ubf{,
25
-u_ sDkgLnfO{ csf]{ sDkgLdf ufEg] lg0f{o ubf{ .
#!= z]o/sf] ljj/0f sfof{nodf k7fpg] M -!_ sDkgLn] lgisfzg tyf af“8kmf“8 ePsf] z]o/sf] lsQf,
To;sf] hDdf /sd, ;f] z]o/ lng]sf] gfd, 7]ufgf / z]o/lkR5] c;'n ePsf] / c;'n x'g af“sL
/sdsf] lx;fa z]o/ af“8kmf“8 ePsf] tL; lbgleq sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ z]o/ af“8kmf“8 x'“bf s'g} z]o/sf] d"No gub afx]s cGo tj/af6 k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf
e'QmfgL ul/Psf] ePdf z]o/ af“8kmf“8af6 ;f] z]o/df xs k|fKt ug]{ JolQmnfO{ z]o/ laqmL jf
;]jfsf] s/f/ jf cGo s] s:tf] s] k|ltkmn afkt z]o/ af“8kmf“8 ePsf] xf] ;f] ;DaGwL lnvt /
af“8kmf“8 ul/Psf] z]o/ ;ª\Vof tyf To:tf] z]o/sf] cl°t d"No / slt xb;Dd z]o/sf] d"No r'Qmf
ePsf] dflgg] xf] ;f]sf] ljj/0f ;d]t sDkgLn] sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
#@= lwtf]kq sf/f]af/ ug]{ M -!_ s'g} klAns sDkgLn] cfgf] lwtf]kq ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ lgisfzg ubf{
To:tf] lwtf]kq laqmL, af“8kmf“8, /sd c;'nL h:tf ;a} sfo{sf nflu sf/f]af/ ug{ dfGotfk|fKt
lwtf]kq Joj;foL dfk{mt dfq sf/f]af/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ klAns sDkgLn] s'g} ;+:yfdfk{mt lwtf]kq sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf u/]sf] ;Demf}tfsf] Ps
k|lt To:tf] ;Demf}tf ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq sfof{nodf lbg' kg]{5 .
##= z]o/ k|df0fkq M -!_ k|To]s z]o/wgLnfO{ lghn] lnPsf] z]o/ afkt z]o/ af“8kmf“8 ePsf] ldltn]
b'O{ dlxgfleq klAns sDkgL eP s'g} ;~rfns jf sDkgLsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf sDkgL ;lrjdWo]
s'g} b'O{hgfsf] / k|fOe]6 sDkgL eP lgodfjnL jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt JolQmsf] b:tvt
/ sDkgLsf] 5fk eP 5fk nufO{ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 9f“rfdf z]o/ k|df0fkq lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ b'O{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L JolQmx?n] ;femf u/L lnPsf] z]o/ afkt z]o/ k|df0fkq lb+bf
lghx?sf] gfd k|df0fkqdf hgfO{ ;f] dWo] s;}nfO{ z]o/ k|df0fkq lbg ;lsg]5 .
t/ z]o/wgLsf] btf{ lstfadf eg] ;a} z]o/wgLsf] gfd hgfpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ z]o/ k|df0fkq x/fPdf, b}jL k/L jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] gi6 ePdf z]o/wgLn] To;/L
z]o/ k|df0fkq x/fPsf], b}jL k/L jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] gi6 ePsf] yfxf x'gf;fy sDkgLsf]] /lhi68{
sfof{nonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd s'g} lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf sDkgLn] ;f] ;DaGwdf cfjZos ;a} s'/f
a'emL lgj]bgdf plNnlvt Joxf]/f dgfl;a b]lvP k|ltlnlk afkt lgodfjnLdf tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ lnO{
lgj]bsnfO{ csf]{ z]o/ k|df0fkq lbg' kg]{5 / ;f] s'/f z]o/wgLsf] btf{ lstfadf klg hgfO{ /fVg'
kg]{5 .
26
-%_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;"rLs[t sDkgLn] lwtf]kq lgIf]k ;]jf
k|bfg ug{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/k|fKt lwtf]kq /lhi6«f/nfO{ bkmf $^ sf] pkbkmf -^_
adf]lhd btf{ lstfa /fVg nufPsf] eP z]o/wgLnfO{ z]o/ k|df0fkqsf] ;§f lwtf]kq lgIf]k kf;a's
jf lgh z]o/wgL ePsf] k|dfl0ft ug]{ cGo s'g} k|df0fkq lbg] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-^_ s'g} z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfn] wf/0f u/]sf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] ;ª\Vof v'nfO{
sDkgLn] cfgf] clwsf/k|fKt kbflwsf/Lsf] ;xL / sDkgLn] 5fk k|of]u ug]{ eP ;f] k|of]u u/L hf/L
u/]sf] k|df0fkq To:tf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ pk/ lghsf] :jfldTjsf] k|f/lDes k|df0f x'g]5 .
-&_ s'g} sDkgLn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd Ohfhtk|fKt lwtf]kq sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;+:yfsf]
k|ltlglwnfO{ s'g} z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ af“8kmf“8 u/]sf] jf To:tf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf]
eP To:tf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf ;DaGwdf pkbkmf -!_ sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
#$= C0f jf l8a]~r/ p7fpg] M -!_ s'g} klAns sDkgLn] C0f jf l8a]~r/ p7fpg cfjZos 7fg]df
To;sf] sf/0f, To;af6 ;DkGg x'g] sfo{ of]hgf / To;sf] nflu cfjZos ah]6 ;d]t lgwf{/0f u/L
sDkgLsf] crn hfoh]yf lwtf] jf aGws /fvL jf g/fvL C0f jf l8a]~r/ p7fpg ;Sg]5 .
t/ sf/f]af/ z'? ug]{ :jLs[lt lnO{ cfgf] hf/L k'“hL k"0f{?kdf r'Qmf geP;Dd l8a]~r/
p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .
-@_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkbkmf -!_ sf] cwLgdf /xL sDkgLn]
cl3Nnf ;fx"x?nfO{ n]lvlbPsf] ;'/If0fn] vfd];Dd ;f]xL ;'/If0f /fvL cl3sf] ;fx" / y}nL ;d]t ;a}
:ki6 b]vfO{ c? C0f jf l8a]~r/ p7fpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sDkgLn] lnP jf lbPsf] C0fsf] zt{,
efvf / Aofh ;DaGwL s'/fx? ;fx" / cf;fdLsf aLrdf ePsf] lnvt jf s/f/ adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ sDkgLn] pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd C0f jf l8a]~r/ p7fpg] ePdf To;sf] sf/0f
;lxtsf] hfgsf/L sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
#%= l8a]~r/ p7fpg] sfo{ljlw M -!_ klAns sDkgLn] o; P]g adf]lhd l8a]~r/ lgisfzg ubf{ l8a]~r/
6«i6Lsf] Joj:yf u/L l8a]~r/ lgisfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] l8a]~r/ 6«i6L lwtf]kq af]8{af6
:jLs[ltk|fKt l8a]~r/ 6«i6L x'g' kg]{5 .
-@_ l8a]~r/ 6«i6L /fvL l8a]~r/ lgisfzg ubf{ ;fx" cf;fdL ;DaGwL s'/f To:tf] 6«i6L
/ sDkgLaLr x'g] ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
27
-#_ l8a]~r/ z]o/df kl/0ft x'g ;Sg] Joj:yf k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf ul/Psf] jf l8a]~r/
lgisfzg ug'{cl3 g} ;f] zt{ pNn]v ul/Psf] eP z]o/ k'“hL ;DaGwL o; P]gsf k|fjwfgsf] cwLgdf
/xL s'g} l8a]~r/ z]o/df kl/0ft ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd l8a]~r/ z]o/df kl/0ft ul/g] eP ;f] s'/f ljj/0fkqdf :ki6
?kdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} klAns sDkgLn] lgisfzg u/]sf]
l8a]~r/ vl/b ug]{ ;DaGwdf sDkgL / s'g} JolQmaLr ;DkGg s/f/sf] kl/kfngf u/fpgsf] nflu
cbfntn] cfjZos 7fg]df oyfjt\ kl/kfngfsf] cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
#^= l8a]~r/ 6«i6L / sDkgLaLr ;Demf}tf x'g' kg]{ M -!_ s'g} sDkgLn] p7fpg] l8a]~r/sf ;DaGwdf
l8a]~r/ lgisfzg ug]{ sDkgL / l8a]~r/jfnfx?sf] lxt ;+/If0f ug{ 6«i6Lsf] ?kdf sfd ug]{
l8a]~r/ 6«i6LaLr ;Demf}tf x'g' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;Demf}tf ubf{ To:tf] ;Demf}tfdf b]xfosf s'/fx? v'nfpg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] sDkgLsf] ;DklQsf] d"Nof°g, kl/of]hgf ljZn]if0f jf Joj:yfkg
ljZn]if0f ug{ u/fpg ;Sg] s'/f,
-v_ l8a]~r/jfnfn] vl/b u/]sf] l8a]~r/sf] ;fjf“ / Aofh e'QmfgL ug]{ ;do, Aofh b/,
;f“jf Aofh e'QmfgL ug]{ k|lqmof / l8a]~r/nfO{ z]o/df kl/0ft ug]{ Joj:yf eP
tT;DaGwL s'/f,
-u_ sDkgLsf] hfoh]yfdf c? ;fx"sf] xs / eljiodf pTkGg x'g] bfloTjsf ;DaGwdf
ePsf] Joj:yf ;DaGwL s'/f,
-3_ ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt zt{x? pNnª\3g ePdf jf k'/f gu/]df jf cGo s'g} dgfl;j
sf/0fn] sDkgLsf] cfly{s sf/f]af/ lgoGq0fdf lng' kg]{ ePdf jf ;Demf}tf
adf]lhdsf] lwtf] sAhfdf lng' kg]{ ePdf l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] To:tf] sDkgLsf] hfoh]yf
jf ;DklQ jf l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] lwtf] hdfgtdf lnPsf] ;DklQ cfgf] sAhfdf lng
;Sg] jf lwtf] hdfgt cfkm}n] /fVg jf lnnfd a9fa9 jf cGo pko'Qm tl/sfn]
laqmL ug{ ;Sg] s'/f,
-ª_ l8a]~r/ 6«i6Lsf] ;]jf z'Ns tyf cGo k|ToIf vr{x? sDkgLn] e'Qmfg ug'{ kg]{ k|lqmof
;DaGwL s'/f,
28
-r_ l8a]~r/ 6«i6Lsf] x}l;otn] sfo{ ubf{ sDkgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfnfO{ s'g} xflg gf]S;fgL
jf 3f6f ePdf lhDd]jf/L jxg gug]{ s'/f,
-5_ sDkgL lj36g ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf pTkGg ePdf l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] l8a]~r/jfnfsf]
tkm{af6 ug{ ;Sg] sfg"gL sf/afxL / l8a]~r/jfnfsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ s'/f,
-h_ l8a]~r/jfnfsf] lxt ;+/If0f ;DaGwL cfjZos cGo s'/f .
-#_ l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] l8a]~r/jfnfsf] lxt ;+/If0fsf] lgldQ sDkgLsf] hfoh]yf ;'/If0f:j?k
lng / To:tf] ;'/If0f k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd cfgf] gfddf kfl/t u/fO{ /fVg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;'/If0f lng'cl3 l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] cfjZos 7fg]df ;'/If0fdf lnOg]
;DklQ jf hfoh]yfsf] d"Nof°g tyf sDkgLsf] kl/of]hgf ljZn]if0f jf Joj:yfkg ljZn]if0f ;d]t
ug{ u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ o; bkmf adf]lhd l8a]~r/ 6«i6L / sDkgLsf] aLrdf ;Demf}tf eO;s]kl5 To:tf] sDkgLn]
yk l8a]~r/ p7fpg] ePdf l8a]~r/ 6«i6Lsf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
#&= l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] hf“ra'em ug{ / ljj/0f dfu ug{ ;Sg] M l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] l8a]~r/ 6«i6Lsf] ?kdf
sfd ug{ sDkgL;“u ;Demf}tf ug'{cl3 b]xfosf ljifodf cfjZos hf“ra'em ug{ / ljj/0f, ;"rgf jf
hfgsf/L lng jf dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 / To;/L dfu ePdf ;DalGwt sDkgLn] ;f] pknAw u/fpg'
kg]{5 M–
-s_ sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf C0f jf l8a]~r/ p7fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 jf 5}g
/ To:tf] Joj:yf ePdf To;/L l8a]~r/ p7fpg] lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/ ;f] sDkgLsf]
;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ 5 jf 5}g,
-v_ sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnL adf]lhd l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ldfk{mt l8a]~r/ p7fpg ;Sg]
Joj:yf 5 jf 5}g,
-u_ sDkgLsf] df}h'bf hfoh]yfn] p7fpg] l8a]~r/sf] d"No vfDg ;Sg] l:ylt 5 jf 5}g,
-3_ sDkgLsf cGo ;fx" tyf bfloTjx? ;DaGwL ljifo,
-ª_ sDkgLsf] jf;nft tyf n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg,
-r_ l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] pko'Qm 7fg]sf] cGo cfjZos ljifo .
29
#*= sDkgLn] l8a]~r/ 6«i6L ;dIf cfjlws ljj/0f k]z ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ bkmf #^ adf]lhd sDkgL /
l8a]~r/ 6«i6Lsf] aLrdf ;Demf}tf eP kl5 sDkgLn] k|To]s 5 dlxgfdf cfly{s sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL
cfgf] ljj/0f l8a]~r/ 6«i6L ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ l8a]~r/ p7fO ;s]kl5 sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkgdf kl/jt{g ePdf jf :jfldTjdf s'g}
lsl;dsf] kl/jt{g ePdf To;/L kl/jt{g ePsf] ;ft lbgleq ;f]sf] hfgsf/L sDkgLn] l8a]~r/
6«i6LnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd sDkgLn] k]z u/]sf] ljj/0f jf hfgsf/Lsf] cltl/Qm s'g}
ljifodf yk ljj/0f, hfgsf/L jf ;"rgf cfjZos k/]df l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] sDkgLaf6 To:tf] ljj/0f,
hfgsf/L jf ;"rgf dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 / To;/L dfu u/]sf] ljj/0f, hfgsf/L jf ;"rgf l8a]~r/
6«i6LnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' sDkgLsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
#(= l8a]~r/ 6«i6Lsf] clwsf/ / bfloTj M -!_ sDkgLn] bkmf #^ adf]lhd ePsf] ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt
s'g} zt{ pNnª\3g u/]df l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] To:tf] sDkgLnfO{ ;f] zt{ oyfzL3| k'/f ug{ jf lglZrt
Dofb tf]sL l8a]~r/jfnfsf] ;f“jf Aofh lkmtf{ ug{ dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lkmtf{ u/]sf] sf/0faf6 jf cGo dgfl;j sf/0fn] sDkgLsf] cfly{s
sf/f]af/ lgoGq0fdf lng' kg]{ jf ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] lwtf] sAhfdf lng' kg]{ ePdf l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln]
k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL To:tf] sDkgLsf] hfoh]yf, ;DklQ jf lwtf]kq cfgf] sAhfdf lng
;Sg]5 / To;/L sAhfdf lnPsf] hfoh]yf jf ;DklQ cfkm}n] /fVg jf lnnfd a9fa9 u/L jf gu/L
laqmL ug{ jf cGo pko'Qm Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd sDkgLsf] hfoh]yf sAhf u/]kl5 hfoh]yf laqmLaf6 p7]sf] /sdaf6
l8a]~r/jfnfsf] /sd e'QmfgL ul/g]5 . l8a]~r/jfnfsf] /sd e'QmfgL u/L s'g} /sd af“sL /x]df
;f] /sd l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] ;DalGwt sDkgLnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] lwtf] lnPsf] hfoh]yf
l8a]~r/ 6«i6L cfkm}n] ;sf/L lnPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] lwtf] jf sAhfdf lnO{ laqmL
u/]sf] ;DklQaf6 p7]sf] /sdaf6 l8a]~r/jfnfsf] ;Dk"0f{ /sd r'Qmf x'g g;Sg] ePdf l8a]~r/
6«i6Ln] l8a]~r/jfnfnfO{ bfdf;fxLsf] lx;faaf6 /sd e'QmfgL ug]{5 / l8a]~r/ 6«i6Lsf] ;DklQaf6
To:tf] gk'u /sd Joxf]l/g] 5}g .
-%_ s'g} l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] l8a]~r/ wgLsf] lxtdf sfd ug{ g;s]sf] sf/0f b]vfO{ To:tf]
l8a]~r/ 6«i6L x6fO{ kfpg krf; k|ltzteGbf a9L] l8a]~r/ lnPsf] l8a]~r/ wgLn] lwtf]kq
af]8{;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
30
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd k/]sf] lgj]bg hf“ra'em ubf{ Joxf]/f dgfl;j b]lvPdf lwtf]kq af]8{n]
To:tf] l8a]~r/ 6«i6LnfO{ x6fO{ csf]{] l8a]~r/ 6«i6Lsf] Joj:yf ug]{5 .
$)= l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] ;]jf z'Ns lng] M -!_ l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] l8a]~r/ 6«i6Lsf] x}l;otdf sfd u/] afkt
sDkgL;“u ;]jf z'Ns lng ;Sg]5 . To:tf] ;]jf z'Nssf] /sd l8a]~r/ 6«i6L / ;DalGwt sDkgLsf]
aLrdf ePsf] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] l8a]~r/jfnf jf sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 s'g} sfd ubf{, sDkgLsf] hfoh]yfsf]
d"Nof°g ubf{, sAhf ubf{ jf lnnfd laqmL ubf{ nfu]sf] jf:tljs vr{ ;DalGwt sDkgL;“u c;'n
u/L lng ;Sg]5 .
$!= l8a]~r/ 6«i6LnfO{ l8a]~r/jfnfsf] clwsf/ x'g] M -!_ l8a]~r/ p7fpg] sDkgL lj36g ePdf jf
cGo s'g} sf/0fn] To:tf] sDkgL bfdf;fxLdf k/]df l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] l8a]~r/jfnfsf] tkm{af6
k|ltlglwTj ug]{5 .
-@_ l8a]~r/jfnfsf] ;f“jf Aofh lkmtf{sf] nflu jf cGo s'g} sf/0faf6 l8a]~r/jfnfsf]
tkm{af6 d'2f ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf k/]df l8a]~r/ 6«i6LnfO{ l8a]~r/jfnfsf] tkm{af6 d'2f ug]{ clwsf/
x'g]5 .
$@= z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ laqmL ug{ jf lwtf]aGws /fVg ;lsg] M -!_ o; P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf
cwLgdf /xL sDkgLsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ rn ;DklQ;/x laqmL ug{ jf lwtf]aGws /fVg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cGo s'g} sDkgLaf6 C0f glnPsf]
k|fOe]6 sDkgL afx]s cGo sDkgLsf] ;+:yfksn] sDkgLsf] k|yd ;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Dd / lghsf]
gfddf hf/L ePsf] z]o/sf] dfu /sd k'/f r'Qmf gu/];Dd cfk"mn] lnPsf] z]o/ laqmL ug{ jf
lwtf]aGws /fVg kfpg] 5}g .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ lwtf]aGws lbPsf]df ;f] Joxf]/f btf{ lstfadf
hgfpgsf] lgldQ lwtf]aGws lng]n] tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 9f“rfdf tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ ;lxt sDkgLsf]
/lhi68{ sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . To;/L lbOg] lgj]bg;fy lgj]bsn] lwtf]aGws;“u ;DalGwt
lnvt / z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] k|df0fkq ;d]t k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]df sDkgLn] To;/L z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ lwtf]aGws lbP
lnPsf] Joxf]/f btf{ lstfadf hgfpg' kg]{5 / To;/L lwtf]aGws /fv]sf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ lgvg]sf]
hgfp kfPkl5 To:tf] lwtf] aGwsLsf] nut btf{ lstfaaf6 s§f ug'{ kg]{5 .
$#= z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ bflvn vf/]h ug]{ M -!_ bkmf $@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ sf cwLgdf /xL z]o/
jf l8a]~r/ laqmL ePsf]df ;f] vl/b u/L lng] JolQmn] To:tf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] bflvn vf/]h
31
ug{sf] lgldQ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 9f“rfdf lgodfjnLdf tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ ;lxt sDkgLsf] /lhi68{
sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . To;/L lbOg] lgj]bg ;fy lgj]bsn] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ vl/b laqmL;“u
;DalGwt lnvt / z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] k|df0fkq ;d]t k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]df sDkgLn] lgj]bg k/]sf] kGw| lbgleq btf{ lstfadf
;flas z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfsf] gfd vf/]h u/L xfnjfnfsf] gfd btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lwtf]kq sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL k|rlnt
sfg"gdf sDkgLsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] xs x:tfGt/0f ug{ x:tfGt/0f ;DaGwL lnvtsf]
cfjZostf gkg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] eP ;f] cg';f/ lgj]bg lb+bf To:tf] lnvt k]z ug'{ kg]{ 5}g .
-$_ s'g} lwtf]kq x:tfGt/0f u/L lbg]n] s'g} z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ x:tfGt/0fsf] Joxf]/f hgfO{
kfp“ egL z]o/ vl/b laqmL ;DaGwdf vl/bstf{sf] ;xL5fk ePsf] lnvt ;d]t ;+nUg u/L lgj]bg
lbPdf klg sDkgLn] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ x:tfGt/0f u/L lng]n] g} lgj]bg lbPsf] ;/x dfgL z]o/ jf
l8a]~r/ x:tfGt/0f u/L lng]sf] gfd z]o/wgL btf{ lstfa jf l8a]~r/jfnfsf] btf{ lstfadf btf{
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf ul/Psf] cGo s'g} Joj:yf cg';f/ s'g} z]o/ jf l8a]~r/df s'g}
JolQmsf] xs sfod eO{ cfPdf To:tf] JolQmsf] gfd z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfsf] ?kdf btf{ ug{
pkbkmf -!_ df ul/Psf] Joj:yfn] sDkgLnfO{ /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
$$= z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] btf{ ug{ OGsf/ ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ bkmf $@ jf $# df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf sDkgLn] z]o/ lwtf]aGws /flvPsf] s'/f btf{ lstfadf hgfpg jf
vl/b laqmL ePsf]df z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] bflvn vf/]h u/L lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ z]o/ afktsf] dfu /sd e'Qmfg gul/Psf] ePdf,
-v_ bflvn vf/]h ubf{ sDkgLsf] lgodfjnL jf z]o/wgLx?aLr ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf]
ljk/Lt x'g] ePdf,
-u_ x:tfGt/0f b:t'/ lgj]bg ;fy k]z x'g gcfPdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ lwtf]aGws /x]sf] s'/f btf{ lstfadf hgfpg jf
z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ bflvn vf/]h ug{ OGsf/ ubf{ sDkgLn] lgj]bg k/]sf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq To;sf]
;"rgf z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ lwtf]aGws jf vl/b laqmL u/L lng] lbg] b'j}nfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
$%= z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ bflvn vf/]h x'g] cGo cj:yf M s'g} z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnf d/L jf lghn]
cfgf] hfoh]yf ;fx"nfO{ bfdf;fxL u/fO{ jf c? s'g} Joxf]/fn] lghsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/df k|rlnt
32
sfg"g adf]lhd c? s;}sf] xs x'g cfPdf ;f] s'/fsf] ;a't k|df0f ;fy To;/L xs k|fKt ug]{ jf
xs sfod eO{ cfPsf] JolQmn] tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 9f“rfdf tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ ;lxt sDkgLdf lgj]bg
lbPdf sDkgLn] To:tf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ lghsf] gfddf bflvn vf/]h ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ To;/L xs sfod eO{ cfPsf] xsjfnfsf] gfddf z]o/ x:tfGt/0f eO{ g;s]sf] eP tfklg
;fljs z]o/wgLsf] gfdsf] z]o/ tyf ;f] ;DaGwL lghsf] cGo xssf] x:tfGt/0fsf] lnvt k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd sfod x'g cfPsf] lghsf] xsbf/n] ul/lbPsf] ePdf To:tf] xsjfnfsf] gfddf ;f]
z]o/ x:tfGt/0f eO{ ;s]sf] dfgL To:tf] x:tfGt/0f /Ltk"j{s ePsf] dflgg]5 .
$^= z]o/wgL / l8a]~r/jfnfsf] btf{ lstfa M -!_ k|To]s sDkgLn] tf]lsPsf] 9f“rfdf z]o/wgLsf] btf{
lstfa / l8a]~r/jfnfsf] btf{ lstfa v8f u/L sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{nodf /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] z]o/wgLsf] btf{ lstfadf z]o/sf] qmd;ª\Vof cg';f/ k|To]s
z]o/wgLsf] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf s'/f v'nfO{ /fVg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ z]o/wgLsf] k'/f gfd / 7]ufgf,
-v_ z]o/wgLn] lnPsf] z]o/ ;ª\Vof,
-u_ z]o/wgLn] z]o/ afkt r'Qmf u/]sf] hDdf /sd / r'Qmf ug{ af“sL /sd,
-3_ z]o/wgLsf] ?kdf lghsf] gfd btf{ ePsf] ldlt,
-ª_ z]o/wgLsf] gfd vf/]h ePsf] ldlt,
-r_ z]o/wgLsf] z]ifkl5 z]o/df xs nfUg] u/L s'g} JolQmnfO{ OR5fOPsf] eP To:tf]
JolQmsf] gfd / 7]ufgf .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] l8a]~r/jfnfsf] btf{ lstfadf l8a]~r/sf] qmd;ª\Vof cg';f/ k|To]s
l8a]~r/jfnfsf] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf s'/fx? v'nfO{ /fVg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ l8a]~r/jfnfsf] k'/f gfd / 7]ufgf,
-v_ l8a]~r/jfnfn] lnPsf] l8a]~r/ ;ª\Vof,
-u_ l8a]~r/jfnfn] l8a]~r/ afkt r'Qmf u/]sf] hDdf /sd / r'Qmf ug{ af“sL /sd,
-3_ l8a]~r/jfnfsf] ?kdf lghsf] gfd btf{ ePsf] ldlt,
-ª_ l8a]~r/jfnfsf] gfd vf/]h ePsf] ldlt,
-r_ l8a]~r/jfnfsf] z]ifkl5 l8a]~r/df xs nfUg] u/L s'g} JolQmnfO{ OR5fOPsf] eP
To:tf] JolQmsf] gfd / 7]ufgf .
33
-$_ sDkgLsf] z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd v8f u/]sf] btf{ lstfa
lg/LIf0f ug{ rfx]df sDkgLn] lg/LIf0f ug{ lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ klAns sDkgLsf] xsdf /fli6«o:t/sf] klqsfdf ;ft lbg cufj} ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L /
k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] xsdf lgodfjnL jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd Ps jif{df k}+tfnL;
lbgdf ga9fO{ Ps k6sdf a9Ldf tL; lbg;Dd btf{ lstfasf] lg/LIf0f aGb ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-%_ s;}n] z]o/wgLsf] btf{ lstfasf] k|ltlnlk lng rfx]df pkbkmf -$_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds
jfSof+z adf]lhd lg/LIf0f aGb ul/Psf] cj:yfdf afx]s klAns sDkgLsf] xsdf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf]
/ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] xsdf k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf]
b:t'/ lnO{ k|ltlnlk lbg' kg]{5 .
-^_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;"rLs[t sDkgLn] lwtf]kq lgIf]k ;]jf
k|bfg ug{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd dfGotfk|fKt lwtf]kq /lhi6«f/nfO{ btf{ lstfa /fVg nufpg
;Sg]5 . To;/L /flvPsf] btf{ lstfasf] Ps k|lt k|To]s jif{ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g] ;"rgf
ug'{eGbf cl3 sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{nodf /fVg' kg]{5 . ;f] btf{ lstfadf pkbkmf -@_ / -#_ df
plNnlvt s'/fx? v'nfOPsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ cg';f/ /flvPsf] btf{ lstfadf s;}sf] xs lxtdf c;/ kg]{ u/L e'm§f s'/f
clen]v u/]sf] kfOPdf To:tf] lwtf]kq /lhi6«f/, lghsf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/LnfO{
bkmf !^) df plNnlvt b08 hl/afgfsf cltl/Qm e'm§f clen]v /flvPsf] sf/0faf6 k'Ug uPsf]
xflg gf]S;fgL ;d]t ;DalGwt kIfn] e/fO{ lng kfpg]5 .
$&= z]o/df /x]sf] xs ;DaGwL hfgsf/L M -!_ s'g} sDkgLsf] s'g} z]o/wgLn] lghsf] gfddf btf{ ePsf]
k"0f{ dtflwsf/k|fKt z]o/x? lghn] s'g x}l;otdf k|fKt u/]sf] xf] jf To:tf] z]o/wgLsf] gfddf btf{
ePsf] z]o/df c? s'g} JolQmsf] nufgL /x]sf] jf g/x]sf] jf To:tf] z]o/df c? s'g} JolQm lxtu|fxL
-a]g]lkmz/L_ eP To:tf] JolQmsf] klxrfg / lghsf] xssf] k|s[ltsf] af/]df sDkgLn] hfgsf/L dfu
u/]df tL; lbgleq sDkgLnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' To:tf] z]o/wgLsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd dfu ePsf] hfgsf/L sDkgLnfO{ k|fKt ePkl5 To:tf] hfgsf/L dfu
ePsf] ldlt, hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] ldlt / k|fKt hfgsf/Lsf] Joxf]/f ;DalGwt z]o/wgLsf] gfdsf]
;“u} z]o/ btf{ lstfadf clen]v u/L ;ft lbgleq ;f] ;DaGwL hfgsf/L sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
$*= z]o/wgLsf] 7]ufgf M -!_ cGoyf ;"rgf u/L x]/km]/ ul/Psf]df afx]s z]o/wgL btf{ lstfadf pNn]v
ul/Psf] z]o/wgLsf] 7]ufgf lghsf] jf:tljs 7]ufgf dflgg]5 .
34
-@_ z]o/wgLsf] 7]ufgf kl/jt{g ePdf kl/jt{g x'g] ljlQs} gof“ 7]ufgfsf] ;"rgf lnlvt ?kdf
sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{nodf lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePkl5 ;~rfns jf sDkgL ;lrjn] z]o/wgLsf]
btf{ lstfadf ;f] adf]lhd kl/jt{g ePsf] 7]ufgf pNn]v ul//fVg' kg]{5 .
-$_ z]o/wgLn] pknAw u/fPsf] 7]ufgfdf ;"rgf k7fP kl5 cGoyf k|dfl0ft ePsf]df afx]s
o; P]g adf]lhd sDkgLn] z]o/wgLnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ ;"rgf /Ltk"j{s k7fPsf] / ;DalGwt
z]o/wgLn] k|fKt u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
$(= z]o/wgLsf] ;"rL M -!_ z]o/wgL btf{ lstfaaf6 g} z]o/wgLx?sf] gfdsf] ;"rL -OG8]S;_ :ki6
x'g] lsl;dn] btf{ lstfa v8f ul/Psf] cj:yfdf afx]s krf; hgfeGbf a9L z]o/wgL ePsf]
k|To]s sDkgLn] cfgf] z]o/wgLsf] gfdfjnLsf] Pp6f 5'§} ;"rL -OG8]S;_ tof/ u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ z]o/wgLsf] btf{ lstfadf s'g} kl/jt{g ul/Pdf ;f] kl/jt{g ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tof/ kfl/Psf] ;"rLdf ;d]t cfjZos kl/jt{g ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ z]o/wgLsf] btf{ lstfaaf6 ;a} z]o/wgLsf] ;DaGwdf cfjZos hfgsf/L ;lhn};“u
kfpg ;Sg] u/L z]o/wgLsf] ;"rL /fVg' kg]{5 .
-$_ z]o/wgLx?sf] gfdsf] ;"rL z]o/wgL btf{ lstfa;fy /fVg' kg]{5 .
-%_ s'g} sDkgLn] o; bkmfsf] kfngf gu/]df o; P]gsf] kfngf gePsf] dflgg]5 .
%)= cfwf/e"t z]o/wgLx? M -!_ s'g} klg JolQmn] cfgf] gfddf jf lghsf] k|ltlglw dfk{mt z]o/ lnPsf]
s'g} klAns sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k'“hLsf] kf“r k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L k"0f{ dtflwsf/ ePsf] ;fwf/0f
z]o/ lnPsf] eP To:tf] sDkgLdf lghsf] cfwf/e"t z]o/ :jfldTj /x]sf] dflgg]5 .
t/ kRrL; s/f]8 ?k}of“eGbf a9L r'Qmf k'“hL ePsf] sDkgLsf] xsdf To:tf] sDkgLsf] s'n
r'Qmf k'“hLsf] Ps k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf] eP klg cfwf/e"t z]o/ :jfldTj /x]sf]
dflgg]5 .
-@_ k|To]s klAns sDkgLsf] cfwf/e"t z]o/wgLn] cfk"m ;f] sDkgLsf] cfwf/e"t z]o/wgL
ePsf] yfxf kfPsf] tL; lbgleq cfgf] gfd, 7]ufgf v'nfO{ cfgf] gfddf jf k|ltlglwsf] gfddf btf{
ePsf] z]o/sf] k"0f{ ljj/0f ;d]t v'nfO{ sDkgLnfO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ s'g} JolQm s'g} klAns sDkgLsf] cfwf/e"t z]o/wgL sfod g/x]df ;f] yfxf kfPsf]
ldltn] tL; lbgleq cfgf] gfd v'nfO{ cfk"m ;f] sDkgLsf] cfwf/e"t z]o/wgLsf] x}l;otdf sfod
35
g/x]sf] ldlt / cGo ljj/0fx? tyf s] sf/0fn] cfwf/e"t z]o/wgLsf] x}l;ot g/x]sf] xf] ;f];d]t
v'nfO{ sDkgLnfO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ k|To]s klAns sDkgLn] pkbkmf -!_, -@_ / -#_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu Pp6f 5'§} btf{ lstfa
v8f ug'{ kg]{5 .
%!= z]o/, l8a]~r/ / C0fsf] nut M -!_ k|To]s sDkgLn] � ]=========== jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g'eGbf
tL; lbg cl3;Dd tTsfn sfod /x]sf / vf/]h ePsf z]o/wgL / l8a]~r/jfnfx?sf] nut
♦jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g'eGbf PSsfO; lbg cl3 tof/ u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] nutdf cGo s'/fsf cltl/Qm b]xfosf s'/fx? ;d]t v'nfpg'
kg]{5 M–
-s_ sDkgLsf] clws[t k'“hL / z]o/sf] ;ª\Vof,
-v_ sDkgLsf] hf/L z]o/ k'“hL,
-u_ sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k'“hL,
-3_ z]o/lkR5] dfu ePsf] /sd,
-ª_ ls:tf c;'n ePsf] hDdf /sd,
-r_ c;'n x'g af“sL /x]sf] hDdf /sd,
-5_ z]o/ jf l8a]~r/df bnfnL b:t'/ afkt lbPsf] hDdf /sd,
-h_ s'g} z]o/ hkmt ul/Psf]df To:tf] z]o/sf] hDdf ;ª\Vof, hkmt ePsf] sf/0f /
ldlt,
-em_ a}°, ljQLo ;+:yf jf cGo s'g} JolQmaf6 lnPsf] C0f jf sDkgLn] lbPsf] hdfgt,
♦-em!_ cGo sDkgLsf] z]o/ jf l8j]Gr/df nufgL u/]sf] eP To:tf] sDkgLsf] gfd /
btf{ gDa/ tyf z]o/ jf l8a]~r/df u/]sf] nufgL /sd .
-`_ axfnjfnf ;~rfnssf] gfd / 7]ufgf .
�s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^$ åf/f lemlsPsf] .
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
36
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] nut sDkgLsf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq
/ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef gug]{ sDkgL eP k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;DalGwt lgsfosf] :jLs[lt rflxg]
sf/f]af/ ug]{ eP To:tf] :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf] / :jLs[lt grflxg] eP btf{ ePsf] Ps jif{leq sDtLdf
Pshgf ;~rfnsn] ;xL u/L sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 δ ========.
♣-$_ ;fwf/0f ;ef gug]{ sDkgLn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] nut cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf]
ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} sDkgLn] bkmf &* adf]lhd
k]z ug{' kg]{ k|ltj]bgdf pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf ljj/0fx? ;d]t pNn]v u/]sf] eP To:tf] sDkgLn]
o; bkmf adf]lhd 5'§} nut sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{ 5}g .
%@= z]o/df bfaL M z]o/wgLx?n] sDkgLnfO{ ltg{ af“sL /x]sf] z]o/sf] /sd jf sfg"g adf]lhd
sDkgLnfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{ af“sL /sd afkt lghx?sf gfddf btf{ ePsf] z]o/ / ;f] afkt af“l8g]
nfef+z ;d]t sDkgLn] /f]Ssf ug{ / To:tf] /sd nfef+zaf6 s§f u/L lng ;Sg]5 .
%#= z]o/ afktsf] /sdsf] e'QmfgL M -!_ z]o/ afktsf] /sd lgodfjnL adf]lhd dfu ul/Psf] cjlwleq
e'Qmfg u/L r'Qmf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sDkgLn] ls:tf dfu ubf{ k|To]s z]o/wgLsf] gfddf a'emfpg' kg]{
ls:tf /sd, ;do / :yfg vf]nL sDtLdf tL; lbgsf] cjlw lbO{ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 9f“rfdf lnlvt
;"rgf k7fpg' kg]{5 . klAns sDkgLn] To:tf] ;"rgf /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf ;d]t sDtLdf
♣b'O{k6s k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ s'g} z]o/wgLn] z]o/ afkt e'Qmfg ug{' kg]{ ?k}of“ pkbkmf -@_ df plNnlvt cjlwleq
e'Qmfg gu/]df ;f] cjlw gf3]sf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfsf] yk cjlw lbO{ ;f] cjlwleq a'emfpg NofPdf
tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] b/n] Aofh;d]t nufO{ a'lemlng] / ;f] cjlwleq klg a'emfpg gNofP lghsf]
z]o/ hkmt x'g] s'/f :ki6 vf]nL ;DalGwt z]o/wgLnfO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 . klAns sDkgLsf xsdf
To:tf] ;"rgf /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf sDtLdf tLgk6s k|sfzg u/fpg' kg]{5 . ;f] adf]lhdsf]
δklxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . -;flas k|fawfgM / pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd Psk6s nut k]z ul/;s]kl5 ;f] nutdf s'g} x]/km]/ ePdf To:tf] x]/km]/sf]
Joxf]/f dfq k]z ug{ ;lsg]5_
♣klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . -;flas k|fawfgM -$_ ;fwf/0f ;ef gug]{ sDkgLsf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] nutdf s'g} x]/km]/ ePdf To;/L x]/km]/ ePsf]
5 dlxgfleq ;f]sf] ljj/0f sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 ._
♣klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . -;flas k|fawfgM tLgk6s_
37
;"rgfsf] Dofbdf klg ls:tf ga'emfPdf sDkgLn] h'g z]o/sf] ;DaGwdf ;f] ;"rgf lbPsf] xf] ;f]
z]o/ afkt e'Qmfg ePsf] /sd jf ;f] z]o/ afkt s'g} nfef+z /f]Ssf ePsf] /x]5 eg] ;f] /sd
;d]tn] vfd]hlt ;ª\Vofsf] z]o/ lghsf] gfddf sfod /fvL af“sL z]o/ jf ;Dk"0f{ z]o/ hkmt ug{
;Sg]5 .
t/ z]o/ hkmt ug'{cl3 sDkgL vf/]hL jf bfdf;fxLdf kl/;s]sf] /x]5 eg] hkmt x'g ;Sg]
z]o/ afkt a'emfpg af“sL /sd k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd C0f;/x c;'n ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd z]o/ hkmt ePsf]df ;~rfns ;ldltn] To;/L hkmt ePsf z]o/
afkt e'QmfgL eO;s]sf] /sd / To:tf z]o/ afkt s'g} nfef+z /f]Ssf ePsf] /x]5 eg] ;f] a/fa/sf]
/sd lkmtf{ ug{ jf ;f] /sdn] vfd];Ddsf] z]o/ lbg ;Sg]5 / /sd lkmtf{ ug]{ ePdf z]o/ hkmt
ePsf] tLg dlxgfleq /sd lkmtf{ ul/;Sg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd tLg dlxgfleq /sd lkmtf{ gu/]df ;f] cjlw gf3]kl5 ;f] /sddf
nfUg] Jofh;d]t lbg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd hkmt ul/Psf] z]o/ lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL ;~rfns ;ldltn]
dgfl;a 7x/fPsf] lsl;daf6 laqmL ug{ jf vf/]h ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-&_ nuftf/ tLg jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L d'gfkmfdf ;~rfng ePsf] sDkgLn] ;fwf/0f ;efdf
ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L e'QmfgL dfu gePsf] cfgf] z]o/ k'“hLsf] s]xL c+z sDkgL vf/]h x'“bf jf
bfdf;fxLdf uPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s e'QmfgL dfu ug{ gkfpg] u/L lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t ePkl5 ;f] k|:tfjdf pNn]v eP cg';f/sf]
e'QmfgL dfu ug{ af“sL z]o/ k'“hLsf] /sd ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 k'gM csf]{ ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L
dfu ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf]df afx]s sDkgL vf/]h x'“bf jf bfdf;fxLdf uPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s dfu ug{
;lsg] 5}g .
%$= ;femf u/L lnPsf] z]o/sf] /sd r'Qmf ug]{ M -!_ ;femf u/L lnPsf] z]o/sf] ls:tf /sd k|To]s
;fem]bf/n] cfgf] :jfldTjsf] cg'kftdf a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lnPsf] z]o/df o;sf] olt efu 5 eGg] /Ltk"j{ssf] lnvt ePsf]df
afx]s hlthgfsf] gfddf z]o/ /x]sf] 5 plthgfsf] gfddf a/fa/ lx:;f /x]sf] dflgg]5 .
%%= z]o/ l8a]~r/df xsbf/ dflgg] M s'g} sDkgLn] hf/L u/]sf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] :jfldTjsf]
ljifodf ljjfb pTkGg ePdf cGoyf k|dfl0ft ePsf]df afx]s sDkgLn] v8f u/]sf] z]o/ jf
l8a]~r/sf] btf{ lstfadf h;sf] gfd btf{ ePsf] 5 lgh g} To:tf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] xsbf/
ePsf] dflgg]5 .
38
%^= z]o/ k'“hL x]/km]/ ug]{ sDkgLsf] clwsf/ M -!_ lgodfjnLdf ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf /xL
;fwf/0f ;efdf ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L s'g} sDkgLn] b]xfo adf]lhd cfgf] z]o/ k'“hL x]/km]/ ug{
;Sg]5 M–
-s_ sDkgLn] pko'Qm 7fg]sf] /sdsf] gof“ z]o/ l;h{gf u/L sDkgLsf] clws[t z]o/
k'“hLdf j[l4 u/]/,
-v_ sDkgLsf] ;a} jf s]xL z]o/ k'“hLnfO{ cl°t d"NoeGbf a9L jf 36L d"Nosf] z]o/df
PsLs[t jf ljefhg u/]/,
-u_ k|:tfj kfl/t x'“bfsf lbg;Dd s;}n] klg glnPsf] jf z]o/ lng d~h'/ gu/]sf] jf
bkmf %# sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd hkmt ePsf] z]o/ vf/]h u/L ;f] vf/]h ePsf]
z]o/sf] d"No a/fa/sf] sDkgLsf] z]o/ k'“hLsf] /sd 36fP/ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k'“hLsf] x]/km]/ ug]{ ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf ;f]xL xb;Dd ;DalGwt
sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL �========== ;+zf]wg ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd kfl/t k|:tfjsf] clen]v tyf k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL ;+zf]wgsf
nflu tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ ;lxt sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 / sfof{non] To;/L k]z ePsf] ;ft lbgleq
;f]xL adf]lhd sDkgLsf] k'“hLdf x]/km]/ / k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL ;+zf]wg ePsf] Joxf]/f clen]v
u/L sDkgLnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd z]o/ vf/]h ePsf]df ;f] sfo{ sDkgLsf] z]o/ k'“hL
36fpg] k|of]hgsf] nflu eP u/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
-%_ sDkgLnfO{ cfgf] clws[t k'“hLsf] xb;Dd hf/L k'“hL a9fpg cfjZos k/]df ;fwf/0f
;efdf ;fdfGo k|:tfj kfl/t u/L To:tf] k'“hL a9fpg ;Sg]5 .
-^_ klAns sDkgLn] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd z]o/ k'“hL a9fO{ cfgf] z]o/ ;fj{hlgs lgisfzg
ug'{ k/]df o; P]g / lwtf]kq ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gdf lgwf{l/t k|lqmof k'/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ To:tf]] sDkgLn] tTsfn sfod /x]sf z]o/wgLx? tyf sd{rf/Ln] dfq vl/b ug{ kfpg]
u/L xsk|b z]o/ -/fO6 z]o/_ / af]g; z]o/ hf/L ubf{ jf pkbkmf -(_ adf]lhd z]o/ hf/L ubf{
To:tf] k|lqmof k'/f ug'{ kg]{ 5}g .
� s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^$ åf/f lemlsPsf] .
39
-&_ klAns sDkgLn] tTsfn sfod /x]sf z]o/wgLx?n] dfq vl/b ug{ kfpg] u/L xsk|b
z]o/ hf/L ug]{ ;"rgf To:tf] z]o/ hf/L ug'{eGbf kGw| lbgcl3 /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf
sDtLdf nuftf/ tLgk6s k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd hf/L ul/Psf] z]o/ vl/b ug]{ klxnf] xs tTsfn sfod /x]sf
z]o/wgLn] lnO{ /fv]sf] z]o/sf] cg'kftsf] cfwf/df To:tf] z]o/wgLx?nfO{ x'g]5 .
-(_ pkbkmf -*_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sDkgLn] hf/L ug{] b]xfo adf]lhdsf
z]o/x?df sDkgLsf tTsfn sfod /x]sf z]o/wgLsf] klxnf] xs x'g] 5}g M–
-s_ sDkgLn] gubafx]s c? s'g} k|ltkmn afkt hf/L ug]{ z]o/,
-v_ sDkgL;“u ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] zt{ cg'?k k|bfg ul/Psf] s'g} clwsf/ jf ;'ljwf
cGtu{t s'g} JolQmnfO{ hf/L ul/Psf] z]o/,
-u_ sd{rf/L z]o/ of]hgf cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf] z]o/,
-3_ s'g} sDkgL / To;sf ;fx"x?aLr ePsf] ;Demf}tf cg';f/ hf/L ul/Psf] z]o/,
-ª_ s'g} sDkgLn] cu|flwsf/ z]o/nfO{ ;fwf/0f z]o/df jf l8a]~r/nfO{ z]o/df kl/0ft
ubf{ sfod ePsf z]o/,
-r_ sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkg, k'“hL jf C0fsf] k'g;{+/rgf ug]{ qmddf jf bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL
k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ ;Da4 kIfx?aLr :jLs[t k'g;{+/rgf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug]{
qmddf jf s'g} Ps klAns sDkgL csf]{ klAns sDkgLdf ufleg] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog
ug]{ qmddf ;DalGwt kIfx?aLr ;DkGg ;Demf}tf cg';f/ hf/L ePsf z]o/ .
-!)_ sDkgLn] u/]sf] d'gfkmf jf d'gfkmfaf6 ;[lht sf]ifaf6 afx]s sDkgLsf] ;DklQsf]
k'gd"{Nof°g u/L z]o/ k'“hL a[l4 ug{ jf af]g; z]o/ lgisfzg ug{ x'“b}g .
-!!_ o; bkmf adf]lhd z]o/ hf/L ubf{ tTsfn sfod /x]sf z]o/wgLx?nfO{ z]o/ vl/b ug{
sDtLdf k}+tL; lbgsf] Dofb lbg' kg]{5 . ;f] Dofbleq To:tf z]o/wgLx?n] z]o/ vl/b gu/]df jf
z]o/ vl/b ug]{ xs c?nfO{ laqmL jf x:tfGt/0f gu/]df sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] lg0f{o u/]
adf]lhd To:tf z]o/ cGo s'g} lsl;daf6 laqmL ug{ ;lsg]5 .
%&= z]o/ k'“hL 36fpg] M -!_ sDkgLn] cfgf] z]o/ k'“hL 36fpg rfx]df ;f] ljifodf ;fwf/0f ;efdf
ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L cbfntsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ;f] adf]lhd k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLdf cfjZos
x]/km]/ jf ;+zf]wg u/L z]o/ k'“hL 36fpg ;Sg]5 .
40
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cbfntsf] :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]kl5 sDkgLn] b]xfo adf]lhd x'g] u/L
z]o/ k'“hL 36fpg ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ ls:tf dfu u/]sf] z]o/sf] /sd r'Qmf gePsf]df hlt r'Qmf ePsf] 5 Toltdfq k'“hL
sfod u/L,
-v_ r'Qmf eO{;s]sf] k'“hL lkmtf{ u/L,
-u_ sDkgLnfO{ 7"nf] gf]S;fgL k/]df jf b}jL k|sf]k k/]df z]o/sf] cl°t d"No 36fO{ .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd bfdf;fxLdf
kl/;s]sf] sDkgLn] o; bkmf adf]lhd cfgf] k'“hL 36fpg ;Sg] 5}g .
%*= z]o/ k'“hL 36fpg cbfntsf] :jLs[lt k|fKt ug]{ sfo{ljlw M -!_ bkmf %& adf]lhd sDkgLn] k'“hL
36fpg] ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/]df ;f]sf] :jLs[ltsf] nflu cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k/]sf]df ;f] pk/ ;'g'jfO{ x'g'eGbf klxn] sDkgLsf] z]o/
k'“hL 36fpg] af/]df cbfntdf ;'g'jfO{ x'g] ldlt / :yfg v'nfO{ ;DalGwt sDkgLn] sDtLdf tLgk6s
/fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ sDkgLsf] vf/]hL jf bfdf;fxL k|lqmof z'? x'“bf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd C0f jf s'g}
e'QmfgLsf] bfaL ug{ kfpg] x}l;ot ePsf k|To]s JolQmn] sDkgLsf] z]o/ k'“hL 36fpg] k|lqmofdf
cfgf] bfaL tyf lj/f]w k]z ug{ kfpg]5 .
-$_ sDkgLsf] k'“hL 36fpg] lgj]bg pk/ ;'g'jfO{ x'“bf sDkgLsf] ;~rfns jf sDkgL ;lrjn]
cbfntn] dfu] adf]lhd sDkgLsf] ;fx"x? eP lghx?sf] gfd, 7]ufgf tyf lghx? k|To]snfO{ a'emfpg'
kg]{ C0fsf] /sd;d]t v'nfO{ jf:tljs tyf ;f“rf] Joxf]/fsf] ;"rL cbfnt ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ;"rLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf ;fx"x?dWo] C0f r'Qmf x'g
jf C0f lglZrt x'g af“sL ;fx"x?sf] k'“hL 36fpg] s'/fdf ;xdlt eP jf geP klg ;fx"x?n] bfaL
u/]sf] C0f jf bfaLsf] k"/} /sd sDkgLn] ;sf/ u/]df jf gu/]df klg To:tf] /sd r'Qmf ug{
cfjZos /sd Joj:yf ug{ :jLsf/ u/L k'/f /sd lglZrt ldltleq r'Qmf ug]{ sa'lnot u/L
cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfPsf] cj:yfdf z]o/ k'“hL 36fpg cbfntn] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-^_ z]o/ k'“hL afkt sDkgLnfO{ z]o/wgLx?n] a'emfpg af“sL /sd jf z]o/ afkt a'emfO{Psf]
/sd s'g} z]o/wgLnfO{ lkmtf{ ubf{ ;f] /sd dfq 36\g] u/L z]o/ k'“hL 36fpg] k|:tfj pk/ :jLs[ltsf]
nflu sf/afxL ubf{ pknAw k|df0f / kl/l:yltnfO{ x]/L cbfntn] pko'Qm 7fg]df pkbkmf -#_ jf -
$_ sf] Joj:yf s'g} vf; ;fx"sf] xsdf nfu" gx'g] u/L cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
41
-&_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ;fx"x?sf] ;"rL k]z ubf{ s'g} s'/f 5'6fPsf] jf unt ljj/0f k]z
u/]sf] kfOPdf To:tf] ;"rL k]z ug]{ sDkgLsf ;~rfns / To:tf] ;"rLdf ;xL ug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{
of] P]g adf]lhd ;hfo x'g]5 .
t/ To:tf] ;"rLdf ;xL ug]{ kbflwsf/Ln] lghsf] hfgsf/L lagf s'g} s'/f 5'6 ePsf] jf uNtL
ePsf] jf ;f] 5'6 jf uNtL ePsf] lghn] yfxf kfpgf ;fy o; bkmf adf]lhd cbfntn] cfb]z
ug'{cl3 To:tf] 5'6 jf uNtL ;RofO{ cbfntnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPdf jf To:tf] 5'6 jf uNtL /f]Sgsf]
nflu kof{Kt xf]l;of/L lnPsf] lyof] eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft u/]df ;f] ;hfo x'g] 5}g .
-*_ k'“hL 36fpg] k|:tfj pk/ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd bfaL lj/f]w ug{ kfpg] ;fx"x?sf] C0f jf
bfaL e'QmfgL af/]df ;fx"x?sf] :jLs[lt k|fKt ePsf] C0f jf bfloTj e'QmfgL eO;s]sf], C0f jf bfaL
olsg eO{ e'QmfgL x'g] cj:yfdf ePsf] jf C0f jf bfaL ;'/lIft ePsf] s'/fdf cbfnt ;Gt'i6 ePdf
pko'Qm zt{x? lgwf{/0f u/L cbfntn] k'“hL 36fpg] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-(_ pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd :jLs[lt lbPsf]df cbfntnfO{ pko'Qm nfu]df k'“hL 36fpg] :jLs[ltsf]
cfb]z lbPsf] sDkgLsf] gfdsf] k5fl8 lglZrt ;dofjlw;Dd æk'“hL 36fOPsf]Æ eGg] jfSof+z n]Vg
/ o;/L k'“hL 36fpg' k/]sf] sf/0f tyf kl/l:ylt / o; ;DaGwL cGo dxTjk"0f{ s'/f ;j{;fwf/0fsf]
hfgsf/Ldf Nofpg cfjZos ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ egL ;DalGwt sDkgLnfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-!)_ pkbkmf -(_ adf]lhd sDkgLsf] gfdsf] k5fl8 æk'“hL 36fOPsf]Æ eGg] jfSof+z n]Vg'
eGg] cfb]z hf/L ePsf]df cbfntn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ;dofjlw Joltt geP;Dd ;f] jfSof+z sDkgLsf]
gfdsf] cleGg c·sf] ?kdf /xg]5 .
-!!_ k'“hL 36fpg] k|:tfjsf] :jLs[lt lbg] qmddf o; bkmf adf]lhd cbfntn] hf/L u/]sf]
cfb]zdf plNnlvt zt{x?sf] Joxf]/f sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLdf :jtM ;dfj]z ePsf]
dflgg]5 / ;f]xL xb;Dd k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnL ;+zf]wg ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-!@_ o; bkmf adf]lhd k'“hL 36fpg] k|:tfj pk/ bfaL lj/f]w ug{ kfpg] ;fx"sf] gfd hfgL
hfgL n'sfpg], l5kfpg] jf bafpg] jf hfgL hfgL C0f jf bfaLsf] /sd jf bfloTjsf] ljifodf e'm§f
ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ jf k]z ug]{ jf To:tf] C0f jf bfloTj n'sfpg], l5kfpg] jf e'm§f ljj/0f tof/
ug]{ u/fpg] ;~rfns jf ;f] sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] sDkgLsf] kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/LnfO{ o; P]g
adf]lhd ;hfo x'g]5 .
-!#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd sDkgLsf] z]o/ k'“hL 36fOPsf]df To:tf] sDkgLn] hf/L u/]sf k|To]s
z]o/ k|df0fkqdf sDkgLsf] ;~rfns jf sDkgL ;lrjn] ;f] s'/f hgfO{ k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{5 .
42
%(= k'“hL 36fOPsf] z]o/df z]o/wgLx?sf] bfloTj M -!_ o; bkmfdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s
z]o/ k'“hL 36fpg cbfntn] lbPsf] cfb]zdf plNnlvt s'g} z]o/sf] ;DaGwdf To:tf] z]o/sf]
lgwf{l/t d"Noaf6 z]o/ afkt e'Qmfg ul/Psf] jf:tljs /sd jf e'QmfgL ul/Psf] egL dflgPsf]
/sd 36fp“bf x'g cfpg] /sdeGbf a9L] /sd a'emfpg o:tf] z]o/ lng] ;fljs jf tTsfn sfod
/x]sf] z]o/wgL afWo x'g] 5}g .
t/ cbfnt ;dIf sDkgLsf] k'“hL 36fpg] k|:tfjdf bfaL lj/f]w ug]{ clwsf/k|fKt sDkgLsf
;fx"sf] ;"rL k]z ubf{ s'g} ;fx"sf] gfd 5'6]sf] /x]5 / sDkgLsf] k'“hL 36fpg] cfb]z k|fKt ePkl5
To:tf] ;fx"sf] C0f ltg{ sDkgLn] g;Sg] cj:yf ePdf pkbkmf -#_ jf -$_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd
/sd ltg{ sDkgLsf z]o/wgL afWo x'g]5g\ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} ;fx"sf]
cfg} uNtL jf x]nr]So|fO{+af6 cbfnt ;dIf k]z ul/Psf] ;"rLdf To:tf] ;fx"sf] gfd jf s'g} bfaL
5'6\g uPsf]df To:tf] /sd a'emfpg z]o/wgL afWo x'g] 5}gg\ .
-#_ cbfntn] sDkgLsf] k'“hL 36fpg] cfb]z hf/L u/]sf] cl3Nnf] lbg ;DalGwt sDkgL
bfdf;fxLdf k/L ;f] ;DaGwL sf/afxL z'? ul/Psf] eP To:tf] sDkgLsf] z]o/wgLn] cfk"mn] lnPsf]
z]o/ afkt hlt /sd a'emfpg' kg]{ lyof] ;f]xL a/fa/sf] /sd a'emfpg sDkgLsf] k'“hL 36fpg]
k|:tfj :jLs[t ug]{ cfb]z hf/L ePsf] lbgdf sDkgLsf] z]o/wgL sfod /x]sf] JolQm afWo x'g]5 .
-$_ sDkgL bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf] ePdf cbfntdf ;fx"sf] ;"rL k]z ubf{ gfd 5'6\g uPsf]
elgPsf ;fx"n] gfd 5'6\g uPsf] s'/fsf] k|df0f ;lxt lgj]bg lbPdf cbfntn] pko'Qm b]v]df To:tf]
;fx"sf] C0f ltg{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ /sd sDkgLdf a'emfpg' kg]{ bfloTj ePsf z]o/wgLx?sf]
;"rL tof/ u/L To:tf] ;"rLdf gfd k/]sf z]o/wgLx?nfO{ sDkgLsf] bfdf;fxLsf] k|lqmofdf lghx?n]
a'emfpg' kg]{ /sd ;/x lghx?af6 z]o/sf] /sdsf] dfu ug]{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cfk"mn] z]o/ vl/b ubf{sf avt
lnPsf] z]o/sf] cl°t d"NoeGbf a9L /sd ltg{ s'g} klg z]o/wgL afWo x'g] 5}g .
^)= sDkgLsf] v'b ;DklQ 36]df ;~rfns lhDd]jf/ x'g] M -!_ klAns sDkgLsf] v'b ;DklQ -g]6 jy{_
36\g uO{ r'Qmf k'“hLsf] cfwf jf ;f]eGbf sd x'g cfPdf To:tf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] k}+tL;
lbgleq ;~rfnsx?n] sDkgL tyf z]o/wgL ;d]tsf] lxtsf nflu pko'Qm /0fgLlt tof/ ug'{ kg]{5
/ ;f] hfgsf/L ePsf] nuQ} kl5 a:g] ;fwf/0f ;efdf o; ;DaGwL 5'§} k|:tfj /fVg' kg]{5 .
t/ ;f] /0fgLlt sfo{fGjog ug{ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{ ePdf oyfzL3| ljz]if
;fwf/0f ;ef af]nfpg' kg]{5 .
43
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /0fgLlt tof/ gug]{, jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf k|:tfj g/fVg] jf
ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef gaf]nfpg] jf hfgL hfgL To:tf] ;ef gaf]nfOPsf] l:ylt sfod /xg lbg]
sDkgLsf ;~rfnsnfO{ o; P]g adf]lhd ;hfo x'g]5 .
-#_ ;~rfnsn] ablgot lrtfO{ jf å]ifk"0f{ nfk/jfxLsf] sf/0fn] sDkgLsf] v'b ;DklQ pkbkmf
-!_ adf]lhd 36\g uPsf] s'/f 7x/]df ;f]sf] Ifltk"lt{;d]t To:tf] sfd ug]{ ;~rfnsn] ltg'{ kg]{5 .
^!= sDkgLn] cfgf] z]o/ cfk}mn] vl/b ug{ gx'g] M -!_ sDkgLn] cfgf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b -afO Aofs_
ug{ jf hdfgtdf /fvL C0f lbg' x'“b}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf cj:yfdf sfof{nonfO{ hfgsf/L
u/fO{ nfef+zsf] ?kdf ljt/0f x'g ;Sg] ;l~rt d'gfkmfsf] /sdaf6 sDkgLn] cfgf] z]o/ cfk}m
vl/b ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ sDkgLn] hf/L u/]sf] z]o/sf] ;Dk"0f{ /sd r'Qmf eO{;s]sf] eP,
-v_ klAns sDkgLn] hf/L u/]sf] z]o/ lwtf]kq af]8{df btf{ eO{;s]sf] eP,
-u_ cfgf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf ePsf]
eP,
-3_ cfgf] z]o/ cfkm} vl/b ug{ ;Sg] u/L ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf ljz]if
k|:tfj kfl/t ePsf] eP,
-ª_ sDkgLn] r'Qmf ug'{ kg]{ C0f /sd sDkgLn] cfgf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b u/L ;s]kl5
k'“hL tyf ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]ifsf] /sdsf] cg'kftdf bf]Aa/eGbf a9L gx'g] eP,
:ki6Ls/0f M o; v08sf] k|of]hgsf nflu æC0f /sdÆ eGgfn] sDkgLn] shf{ lnPsf]
;'/lIft tyf c;'/lIft ;Dk"0f{ C0f /sd ;Demg' k5{ .
-r_ sDkgLn] vl/b ug]{ cfgf] z]o/sf] /sd sDkgLsf] s'n r'Qmf k'“hL tyf ;fwf/0f
hu]8f sf]ifsf] /sdsf] aL; k|ltzteGbf a9L gx'g] eP,
-5_ cfgf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug]{ ;DaGwdf sfof{non] ;do ;dodf hf/L u/]sf] lgb]{zg
k|lts"n gx'g] eP .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -3_ adf]lhd ;fwf/0f ;efdf k]z ul/g] k|:tfjdf b]xfosf] ljj/0f
pNn]v ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 M–
-s_ cfgf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f / cfjZostf,
44
-v_ cfgf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b u/]sf] sf/0faf6 ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] cfly{s l:yltdf kg{
;Sg] ;Defljt k|efj d"Nof°gsf] ljj/0f,
-u_ vl/b ug{ k|:tfj ul/Psf] z]o/sf] lsl;d / ;f]sf] ;ª\Vof,
-3_ v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] z]o/ vl/b ug{ nfUg] clwstd jf Go"gtd /sd / ;f]sf]
cfly{s ;|f]t,
-ª_ cfgf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug{ ;Sg] ;dofjlw,
-r_ z]o/ vl/b ug]{ tl/sf,
-5_ cfgf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug]{ ;DaGwdf sfof{non] tf]s]sf] tyf k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd v'nfpg' kg]{ cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] ljz]if k|:tfj ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 kfl/t ePdf ;f] kfl/t ePsf]
afx| dlxgfsf] cjlwleq ;DalGwt sDkgLn] b]xfosf] s'g} pkfoaf6 cfgf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug{
;Sg]5 M–
-s_ lwtf]kq ahf/ dfk{mt vl/b u/]/,
-v_ sDkgLsf sd{rf/LnfO{ 5'6\ofOPsf] z]o/ ;DalGwt sd{rf/Laf6 vl/b u/]/,
-u_ tTsfn sfod /x]sf z]o/wgLaf6 ;dfg'kflts ?kdf vl/b u/]/ .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd sDkgLn] cfgf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b u/]sf]df To:tf] z]o/ vl/b u/]sf]
ldltn] tL; lbgleq cfk"mn] vl/b u/]sf] z]o/ ;ª\Vof, ;f] afkt e'QmfgL ePsf] /sd / cGo
cfjZos ljj/0fx? sfof{nonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd cfgf] z]o/ cfkm} vl/b u/]sf] cl°t d"No a/fa/sf] /sd 5'§}
k'“hL lkmtf{ hu]8f sf]if v8f u/L ;f] sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 / ;f] sf]ifsf] /sdnfO{ r'Qmf k'“hL;/x
sfod /fVg' kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd sDkgLn] cfgf] z]o/ cfkm} vl/b u/]sf]df cfk"mn] vl/b u/] hlt
z]o/ To;/L vl/b u/]sf] ldltn] Ps ;o aL; lbgleq /2 u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 .
-*_ o; bkmf adf]lhd sDkgLn] s'g} ju{sf z]o/ vl/b ul/;s]kl5 af]g; z]o/ hf/L ug]{ jf
cfgf] bfloTj r'Qmf ug]{ afx]s cfgf] z]o/ cfkm}n] vl/b u/]sf] b'O{ jif{ geO{ k'gM ;f]xL ju{sf]
z]o/ lgisfzg ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
45
-(_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg klAns sDkgLn] sfod ug'{ kg]{
Go"gtd z]o/wgLsf] ;ª\Vof sd x'g] jf Go"gtd r'Qmf k'“hL sd x'g] u/L To:tf] sDkgLn] cfgf]
z]o/ cfkm} vl/b ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
-!)_ sDkgLn] cfgf] z]o/ cfkm} vl/b ug{ g;Sg] cGo cj:yf / cfgf] z]o/ cfkm} vl/b
ubf{ kfngf ug'{ kg]{ cGo zt{x? tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
^@= sDkgLn] cfgf] z]o/ vl/b ug{ s'g} C0f jf cfly{s ;xof]u lbg gx'g] M sDkgLn] cfgf] jf cfgf]
d'Vo sDkgL ♦jf ;xfos sDkgLsf] z]o/ vl/b jf s'g} Joxf]/fn] ;f] z]o/df xs k|fKt ug{sf]
nflu s;}nfO{ C0f jf s'g} lsl;dsf] cfly{s ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg' x'“b}g .
t/ sDkgLsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ z]o/ laqmL ug]{ of]hgf cGtu{t sd{rf/LnfO{ ;DalGwt sDkgLsf]
jf sDkgLsf] d'Vo sDkgL ♦jf ;xfos sDkgLsf] k'/f d"No r'Qmf ePsf] z]o/ vl/b ug{ jf To:tf]
z]o/df s'g} Joxf]/fn] :jfldTj k|fKt ug{sf] nflu C0f pknAw u/fpg o; bkmfdf n]lvPsf] s'g}
s'/fn] afwf k'¥ofpg] 5}g .
^#= sf/f]af/ k|f/De ug{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{ M -!_ o; P]g cGtu{t ;+:yflkt klAns sDkgLn] sf/f]af/
ug]{ :jLs[lt k|fKt gu/L cfgf] sf/f]af/ k|f/De ug{' x'“b}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd :jLs[lt kfpgsf] nflu klAns sDkgLsf] ;+:yfksn] vl/b ug{ sa'n
u/]sf] z]o/ afktsf] /sd dWo] dfu ePsf] k'/f /sd r'Qmf eO{;s]sf] k|df0f ;dfj]z u/L sfof{no
;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]sf]df ;+:yfksx?n] vl/b ug{ sa'n u/]sf] z]o/ afktsf]
/sddWo] dfu ePsf] /sd r'Qmf ePsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf sfof{non] sf/f]af/ ug]{ :jLs[lt k|bfg
ug]{5 .
t/ z]o/ afkt r'Qmf ePsf] /sd bkmf !! sf] pkbkmf -!_ df pNn]v ePsf] /sdeGbf sd
x'g] ePdf :jLs[lt lbg] 5}g .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd sf/f]af/ k|f/De ug{ :jLs[lt glnO{ ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef, ;~rfns
;ldltsf] a}7s, sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkg h:tf s'/f afx]s ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ug]{ jf bfloTj l;h{gf
x'g] s'g} lsl;dsf sfo{ ug'{ x'“b}g .
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
46
-%_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} vf; Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{
sDkgLsf] xsdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd To:tf] Joj;fo lgoldt ug]{ clwsf/k|fKt lgodgsf/L
lgsfoaf6 Ohfhtkq k|bfg ubf{ To:tf] Joj;fo z'? ug'{cl3 s'g} zt{ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] eP To:tf]
zt{ k'/f u/]sf] k|df0f k]z geP;Dd sf/f]af/ z'? ug]{ :jLs[lt k|bfg ul/g] 5}g .
-^_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|fOe]6 sDkgLn] sfof{nodf btf{
ePsf] k|df0fkq kfpgf ;fy cfgf] sf/f]af/ z'? ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ s'g} vf; sf/f]af/ ug{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 :jLs[lt lng'
kg{] ePdf To:tf] :jLs[lt lnPkl5 dfq sf/f]af/ z'? ug'{ kg]{5 .
^$= l8:sfp06df z]o/ lgisfzg ug{ jf laqmL ug{ gx'g] M -!_ sDkgLn] l8:sfp06df cfgf] z]o/
lgisfzg jf laqmL ug'{ x'“b}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] ljz]if k|:tfj
kfl/t u/L ;f]xL k|:tfjdf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] k|ltztdf g36\g] u/L b]xfosf] cj:yfdf l8:sfp06df
z]o/ lgisfzg jf laqmL ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ sDkgLsf] k'“hL k'g;{+/rgf ug{] of]hgf cg';f/ z]o/ lgisfzg jf laqmL ubf{,
-v_ ;fx"x?sf] ;xdlt cg';f/ sDkgLn] lnPsf] C0fnfO{ z]o/df kl/0ft ug{] of]hgf
cg';f/ z]o/ lgisfzg jf laqmL ubf{,
-u_ sd{rf/L z]o/ of]hgf cg';f/ z]o/ lgisfzg jf hf/L ubf{,
-3_ sfof{non] :jLs[t u/]sf] cGo cj:yfdf z]o/ hf/L ubf{ .
^%= cu|flwsf/ z]o/ M -!_ sDkgLn] of] P]g, k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd cu|flwsf/
z]o/ hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ul/P adf]lhd afx]s pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hf/L ul/Psf] z]o/
;fwf/0f z]o/df kl/0ft x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cu|flwsf/ z]o/ hf/L ubf{ cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf s'/f
v'nfPsf] x'g' kg{]5 M–
-s_ ;fwf/0f z]o/eGbf cufl8 nfef+z k|fKt ug{] jf gug]{ ;f] s'/f,
-v_ cu|flwsf/ z]o/wgLn] slt k|ltzt nfef+z k|fKt ug{] xf] ;f] s'/f,
47
-u_ k|To]s jif{ nfef+z hf]l8b}+ hfg] -So'd'n]l6e_ xf] jf d'gfkmf ePsf] jif{ dfq d'gfkmf -
gg\ So'd'n]l6e_ ljt/0f x'g] xf] ;f] s'/f,
-3_ sDkgL vf/]h ePsf] cj:yfdf z]o/sf] /sd lkmtf{ ubf{ cu|flwsf/ lbg] jf glbg]
s'/f,
-ª_ dtflwsf/ x'g] jf gx'g] / dtflwsf/ x'g] eP cu|flwsf/ z]o/sf] ljifodf dfq jf
cGo ljifodf klg x'g] xf] ;f] s'/f,
-r_ v08 -ª_ adf]lhd cGo s'/fdf klg dtflwsf/ x'g] eP s'g cg'kftdf dtflwsf/
x'g] xf] ;f] s'/f,
-5_ ;fwf/0f z]o/df kl/jt{g x'g ;Sg] jf g;Sg] s'/f,
-h_ cu|flwsf/ z]o/ /sd lglZrt cjlw kl5 lkmtf{ ug{ ;lsg] -l/l8d]jn_ jf lkmtf{
ug{ g;lsg]] -Ol/l8d]jn_ s] x'g] xf] ;f] s'/f,
-em_ cu|flwsf/ z]o/ lkmtf{ ubf{ lk|ldod ;lxt jf lk|ldod lagf lkmtf{ x'g] xf] ;f] s'/f .
-$_ lkmtf{ x'g] zt{df s'g} cu|flwsf/ z]o/ hf/L ul/Psf] eP To:tf] z]o/sf] d"No k'/f e'QmfgL
geP;Dd ;f] z]o/ lkmtf{ ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-%_ nfef+zsf] ?kdf ljt/0f x'g ;Sg] d'gfkmfsf] /sd jf z]o/ lkmtf{ ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu
sDkgLn] hf/L u/]sf gof“ z]o/af6 k|fKt /sdafx]s cGo /sdaf6 cu|flwsf/ z]o/sf] /sd lkmtf{
ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-^_ lkmtf{ x'g] u/L hf/L ul/Psf s'g} cu|flwsf/ z]o/ lk|ldod ;lxt lkmtf{ ul/g] eP To:tf]
z]o/ /sd lkmtf{ ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu sDkgLsf] d'gfkmf jf sDkgLsf] z]o/ lk|ldod vftfaf6
pko'Qm /sdsf] 5'§} sf]ifsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd gof“ z]o/ hf/L u/L k|fKt ePsf] /sdaf6 lkmtf{ x'g] cu|flwsf/
z]o/sf] /sd lkmtf{ ul/Psf] cj:yfdf afx]s o; P]g adf]lhd cu|flwsf/ z]o/sf] /sd lkmtf{ ubf{
sDkgLsf] d'gfkmfaf6 nfef+z ljt/0f ug{sf] nflu k|fKt x'g ;Sg] /sdaf6 lkmtf{ ul/Psf] z]o/sf]
cl°t d"No a/fa/sf] /sd k'“hL lkmtf{ hu]8f sf]if v8f u/L ;f] sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd v8f ePsf] k'“hL lkmtf{ hu]8f sf]ifnfO{ r'Qmf k'“hL ;/x dfgL sfod
/fVg' kg]{5 .
-(_ o; bkmf adf]lhd lkmtf{ ul/Psf] s'g} cu|flwsf/ z]o/ lkmtf{ ug]{ sfo{ ;dfKt ePkl5
To:tf] z]o/ :jtM vf/]h ePsf] dflgg]5 .
48
-!)_ s'g} sDkgLn] cu|flwsf/ z]o/ lkmtf{ ubf{ o; bkmfsf] cwLgdf /xL sDkgLsf]
lgodfjnLdf tf]lsPsf] zt{ / k|lqmof cjnDag ug'{ kg]{5 / o;/L cu|flwsf/ z]o/sf] /sd lkmtf{
ePsf]df ;f]xL sf/0fn] sDkgLsf] clws[t z]o/ k'“hL 36fOPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-!!_ sDkgLn] s'g} cu|flwsf/ z]o/ /sd lkmtf{ u/]df jf lkmtf{ ug]{ k|:tfj u/]df To;/L
lkmtf{ ul/Psf] jf lkmtf{ ul/g] z]o/sf] cl°t d"No a/fa/sf] gof“ z]o/ hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-!@_ sDkgLn] s'g} cu|flwsf/ z]o/ lkmtf{ u/]sf] Ps dlxgfleq To;sf] ;"rgf sfof{nonfO{
lbg' kg]{5 / o:tf] ;"rgf k|fKt x'g cfPdf sfof{non] To:tf] ;"rgfnfO{ sDkgLsf] btf{ lstfadf
hgfpg' kg]{5 .
-!#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd v8f ePsf]
k'“hL lkmtf{ hu]8f sf]ifaf6 sDkgLn] cfgf z]o/wgLx?nfO{ k"0f{ d"No r'Qmf ePsf] af]g; z]o/sf]
?kdf gof“ z]o/ hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
^^= gfafns / sfg"g adf]lhd s/f/ ug{ cof]Uo JolQm ;+:yfks x'gdf aGb]h M -!_ ;f]x| jif{ pd]/
gk'u]sf] gfafns / sfg"g adf]lhd s/f/ ug{ cof]Uo JolQm sDkgLsf] ;+:yfks x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
t/ ck'tfnL k/L jf sfg"gsf] kl/rfngaf6 gfafns jf sfg"g adf]lhd s/f/ ug{ cof]Uo
JolQmn] ;+:yfksåf/f vl/b u/]sf] sDkgLsf] z]o/df xs k|fKt ug{ o; bkmfn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg]
5}g .
-@_ s'g} gfafns jf sfg"g adf]lhd s/f/ ug{ cof]Uo JolQmn] s'g} sDkgLsf] z]o/ jf
l8a]~r/ vl/b laqmL ug'{ kbf{ To:tf] JolQmsf] afa', cfdf jf klt jf kTgL jf sfg"g adf]lhd lgo'Qm
;+/Ifs jf cleefjsn] ug'{ kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–%
sDkgLsf] ;ef
^&= sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef M -!_ sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5g\ M–
-s_ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef,
-v_ ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef .
-@_ klAns sDkgLsf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ug{sf] lgldQ sDtLdf PSsfO{; lbg cufj} /
ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef ug{sf] lgldQ sDtLdf kGw| lbg cufj} z]o/wgLx?nfO{ lghx?n] sDkgLnfO{
pknAw u/fPsf] 7]ufgfdf ;ef x'g] 7fp“, ldlt / 5nkmn ug]{ ljifo vf]nL ;"rgf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
;f] s'/fsf] ;"rgf sDtLdf b'O{k6s /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf klg k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
49
t/ :ylut ePsf] s'g} ;fwf/0f ;ef af]nfp“bf To:tf] ;efdf gof“ ljifodf 5nkmn gx'g] ePdf
sDtLdf ;ft lbgcl3 ;f] ;efsf] ;"rgf /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf k|sflzt u/]df /Ltk"j{s
;"rgf lbPsf] dflgg]5 .
-#_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf afx]s pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd klxn] g} ;"lrt gul/Psf ljifodf ;fwf/0f
;efdf s'g} lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg] 5}g M–
-s_ o; P]gsf] cGo bkmfx?df cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s ;fwf/0f ;efdf dtbfg ug{
kfpg] sDkgLsf] hDdf z]o/sf] ;t;¶L k|ltzt z]o/nfO{ k|ltlglwTj ug]{ z]o/wgLx?
:jo+ jf k|ltlglw dfk{mt pkl:yt eO{ s'g} ljifodf lg0f{o lng] kIfdf dtbfg u/]df,
-v_ :ylut ePsf] s'g} ;fwf/0f ;efdf 5nkmnsf] lgldQ ;"lrt ul/Psf] s'g} ljifo
ePdf .
-$_ sfof{non] cGoq ;fwf/0f ;ef ug{ k"j{ :jLs[lt lbPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s klAns sDkgLsf]
;fwf/0f ;ef To:tf] sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{no /x]sf] lhNnf jf /lhi68{ sfof{nosf] lhNnf;“u
hf]l8Psf] clwsf+z z]o/wgLnfO{ kfos kg]{ 7fp“df ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s To:tf] sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f
;ef g]kfn /fHoleq jf aflx/ s'g} 7fp“df x'g ;Sg]5 .
-%_ sDkgLn] tTsfn sfod /x]sf z]o/wgLx?sf] gfd, 7]ufgf / lghx?n] lnPsf] z]o/
;ª\Vof pNn]v ePsf] ;"rL z]o/wgLx?af6 x'g] lg/LIf0fsf] nflu ;ef :yndf /fVg' kg]{5 .
-^_ ;fwf/0f ;efdf To:tf] ;efsf] ;"rgfsf ;fy k7fOPsf] 5nkmnsf] ;"rLdf k/]sf] ljifo
pk/ ;j{k|yd 5nkmn tyf lg0f{o ul/g]5 .
-&_ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmn] cfjZostf cg';f/ ;ef :ylut ug{ ;Sg]5 . h'g
;fwf/0f ;ef :ylut ePsf] xf] ;f] ;ef x'g] lbgeGbf klxn] jf kl5 o; P]g cg';f/ ;"rgf lbOPsf]
s'g} klg ljifo pk/ o;/L :ylut eO{ af]nfOPsf] ;efdf 5nkmn / lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-*_ klxn] a;]sf] / ;f] :ylut eP kl5 a;]sf] ;efnfO{ ;dfg clwsf/ x'g]5 . :ylut ;efdf
kfl/t k|:tfj ;f] :ylut ;ef a;]sf] ldltdf kfl/t ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-(_ s'g} ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] s'g} sDkgLsf] z]o/ vl/b u/]sf] ePdf To:tf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfåf/f
lgo'Qm JolQmn] To:tf] ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf efu lng / dt lbg kfpg]5 .
50
-!)_ e"njz s'g} ;"rLs[t sDkgLsf] z]o/wgLsf] 7]ufgfdf ;fwf/0f ;efsf] ;"rgf k7fpg
5'6]sf] jf s'g} z]o/wgLn] To:tf] sDkgLnfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 7]ufgfdf k7fOPsf] ;"rgf lghn] k|fKt
gu/]sf] sf/0fn] dfq s'g} ;fwf/0f ;efdf ePsf] sfd sf/afxL ab/ jf cdfGo x'g] 5}g .
-!!_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef /
;f]sf] sfo{ljlw lgodfjnLdf jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf Joj:yf ul/P adf]lhd x'g]5 . To;/L Joj:yf
gePsf] cj:yfdf o; P]gsf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g]5 .
-!@_ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf n]lvP adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
♣^*= ;~rfnsx¿ pkl:yt x'g'kg]{ M -!_ sDkgLsf] k|To]s ;~rfns ;fwf/0f ;efdf :jo+ pkl:yt x'g'
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sDkgLsf] s'g} ;~rfns sfa'aflx/sf]
kl/l:ylt k/L sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf :jo+ pkl:yt x'g g;s]df lel8of] sGkm/]G; jf To:t}
k|sf/sf] cGo k|ljlw dfkm{t ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g / cfgf] dt k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .
^(= ;efsf] j}wflgstf M k|To]s ;fwf/0f ;ef z'? x'g'eGbf cufj} ;efdf pkl:yt z]o/wgLx?n] ;f] ;ef
o; P]g / lgodfjnL adf]lhd af]nfOPsf] xf] jf xf]Og eGg] s'/f olsg ug]{5g\ / To; ;DaGwdf
s'g} cGo sfg"gsf] kfngf gul/Psf] eP klg ;a} z]o/wgLx?nfO{ bkmf ^& sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd
;"rgf k7fOPsf] ePdf / bkmf &# adf]lhd u0fk"/s ;ª\Vof k'u]sf] ;efn] ;ef ug{ d~h'/ u/]df
;f] ;fwf/0f ;ef /Ltk"j{s af]nfOPsf] dflgg]5 .
&)= ;efdf efu lng / dtbfg ug{ gkfpg] cj:yf M -!_ cfk"m / sDkgLsf] aLrdf ePsf] jf x'g] s'g}
zt{ aGb]hsf] ;DaGwdf x'g] 5nkmndf s'g} JolQmn] z]o/wgLsf] x}l;otaf6 cfkm} jf cfgf]
k|ltlglwåf/f ;fwf/0f ;efdf efu lng / dtbfg ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ cfk"mn] u/]sf] jf ug{ 5'6fPsf] jf unt 9·n] u/]sf] sfdsf] hjfkmb]xL jf cfk"mnfO{ lgo'Qm
ug]{, sfo{ef/af6 d'Qm ug]{, ;?jf ug]{, ydf}tL ug]{, kfl/>lds, eQf jf af]g; lbg] jf ;f] 36fpg]
jf a9fpg] jf cfgf] gf]s/L jf cfgf] ;/f]sf/ jf :jfy{ ePsf] s'g} ;Demf}tf, s/f/ jf 7]Ssf k§fsf
;DaGwdf ;fwf/0f ;efdf x'g] 5nkmndf s'g} ;~rfns jf lghsf] lx:;]bf/ jf k|ltlglwn] dtbfg
ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
♣klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . -;flas k|fawfgM ^*= ;~rfnsx? pkl:yt x'g' kg]{ M sDkgLsf] k|To]s ;~rfns ;fwf/0f ;efdf oyf;Dej :jo+ pkl:yt
x'g' kg]{5 . _
51
-#_ z]o/sf] ls:tf dfu ul/Psf] /sd e'Qmfg gug]{ z]o/wgLn] ;fwf/0f ;efdf efu lng /
dtbfg ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-$_ s'g} z]o/wgLn] ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] ;~rfnsnfO{ bkmf &! sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd
k|ltlglw lgo'Qm u/]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] ;~rfnsn] cfgf] lghL :jfy{ jf ;/f]sf/ ePsf] ljifodf
jf cfk"mnfO{ lgo'Qm ug]{ ljifodf s;}sf] k|ltlglwsf] x}l;otn] ;fwf/0f ;efdf dtbfg ug{ kfpg]
5}g .
-%_ o; P]g jf k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
;+:yflkt a}° jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf cfk"mn] lnPsf] z]o/ lwtf] jf aGws /fvL C0f lng] z]o/wgLn]
To:tf] C0f e'Qmfg gu/]sf] sf/0faf6 lgh pk/ sfg"gL sf/afxL rnfO{ z]o/ afkt dtbfg ug{af6
/f]s nufpg ;DalGwt a}° jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 n]lvO{ cfPdf ;DalGwt sDkgLn] To:tf] z]o/wgLnfO{
lghn] lnPsf] z]o/ afkt C0f r'Qmf gePsf] cjlwe/ dtbfg ug{af6 /f]s nufpg' kg]{5 .
&!= ;fwf/0f ;efdf dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ M -!_ of] P]g jf sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf
ul/Psf]df afx]s z]o/wgLx?sf] btf{ lstfadf z]o/wgLsf] ?kdf gfd btf{ /x]sf] JolQmnfO{ dfq
bkmf &) sf] cwLgdf /xL ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt eO{ cfk"mn] lnPsf] k|To]s z]o/sf] Pp6f dtsf]
lx;fan] dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-@_ z]o/wgLsf] k|ltlglwn] dtflwsf/ k|of]u ug{ gkfpg] u/L sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf k|ltjGw
nufPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s o; bkmfsf] cwLgdf /xL s'g} klg z]o/wgLn] ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt
x'g / cfgf] dt k|of]u ug{ kfpg] u/L s'g} JolQmnfO{ cfgf] k|ltlglw lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ sf] cwLgdf /xL dtbfgsf] clwsf/ kfPsf] z]o/wgL ;efdf :jo+
pkl:yt x'g g;Sg] ePdf lghn] cfgf] k|ltlglwåf/f dtbfg ug{ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 9f“rfdf lgj]bg
n]vL ;xL5fk u/L k|ltlglw lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 / To;/L lgo'Qm k|ltlglwn] bkmf &@ df ul/Psf]
Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf /xL ;efdf efu lng jf dtbfg ug{ kfpg]5 .
-$_ ;femf u/L PshgfeGbf a9L JolQmsf] gfddf z]o/ lnPsf]df To:tf] ;fem]bf/x?åf/f lgo'Qm
ul/Psf] ;fem]bf/n] jf lghn] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm u/]sf] k|ltlglwn] / ;f] adf]lhd s'g}
;fem]bf/ lgo'Qm x'g g;s]sf]df bkmf $^ adf]lhd v8f ul/Psf] z]o/wgLx?sf] btf{ lstfadf ;f]
;fem]bf/dWo] h;sf] gfd qmdfg';f/ cl3 n]lvPsf] 5 ;f]xL ;fem]bf/n] lbPsf] dt jf k|ltlglwkqdfq
dfGo x'g]5 .
&@= ;~rfnssf] lgjf{rg ubf{ dtbfg ug]{ Joj:yf M -!_ ;~rfns lgjf{rg ug{sf] nflu dtbfg ubf{
lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s k|To]s z]o/wgLnfO{ lghn] lnPsf] z]o/ ;ª\Vofn]
52
lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{ ;~rfnssf] ;ª\VofnfO{ u'0fg ubf{ x'g] ;ª\Vof a/fa/sf] dtsf] lx;fan] dtbfg ug]{
clwsf/ x'g]5 / To;/L dtbfg ug]{ z]o/wgLn] cfgf] ;a} dt Pp6} pDd]bjf/nfO{ jf PseGbf a9L
pDd]bjf/nfO{ lghn] tf]s] adf]lhd ljefhg x'g] u/L dtbfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ o; P]g jf lgodfjnL adf]lhd ;~rfns lgo'Qm ug{ kfpg] ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] cfk"mn] lnPsf]
z]o/sf] cg'kftdf ;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf] cj:yfdf lgjf{rgdf dtbfg ug{ kfpg]
5}g .
t/ z]o/ ;ª\Vof / ;~rfnssf] s'n ;ª\Vofsf] cg'kftdf Pshgf klg ;~rfns lgo'Qm ug{
g;Sg] jf o; pkbkmfsf]] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ;~rfns lgo'Qm gug]{ ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] z]o/wgLx?sf]
k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;~rfnssf] lgjf{rgdf cGo z]o/wgL ;/x efu lng, dtbfg ug{ jf To:tf] ;+:yfn]
lnPsf z]o/sf] cg'kftdf lgjf{lrt x'g ;Sg] ;~rfnssf] ;ª\Vof;Ddsf] pDd]bjf/L lbg ;Sg]5 .
&#= u0fk"/s ;ª\Vof M -!_ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] u0fk"/s ;ª\Vof To:tf] sDkgLsf]
lgodfjnLdf n]lvP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf u0fk"/s ;ª\Vofsf] nflu a9L ;ª\Vof tf]lsPsf]df afx]s klAns
sDkgLsf] af“8kmf“8 ePsf] s'n z]o/ ;ª\Vofsf] krf; k|ltzteGbf a9L z]o/sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g]
u/L s'n z]o/wgLx?dWo] sDtLdf tLghgf z]o/wgLx? :jo+ jf cfgf] k|ltlglw dfk{mt pkl:yt
geO{ ;efsf] sfd sf/afxL x'g] 5}g .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] u0fk"/s ;ª\Vof k'/f gePsf] sf/0fn] ;ef x'g g;sL sDtLdf
;ft lbgsf] ;"rgf lbO{ csf]{k6s ;ef af]nfp“bf sDkgLsf] af“8kmf“8 ePsf] s'n z]o/ ;ª\Vofsf]
kRrL; k|ltzt z]o/sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L sDtLdf tLghgf z]o/wgLx? :jo+ jf k|ltlglwdfk{mt
pkl:yt ePdf ;ef ug{ afwf kg]{ 5}g .
-$_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bkmf # sf] pkbkmf -@_ df /x]sf]
k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+zdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd ;+:yfkgf ePsf] jf bkmf !&# sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd
;+:yfkgf ePsf] sDkgLsf] nflu pkbkmf -@_ jf -#_ df n]lvP adf]lhd tLghgf z]o/wgL pkl:yt
x'g clgjfo{ x'g] 5}g .
&$= 5nkmn / lg0f{o M -!_ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] cWoIftf ;~rfns ;ldltsf] cWoIfn] ug]{5 / lghsf]
cg'kl:yltdf ;~rfnsx?n] cfk"mdWo]af6 dgf]gLt u/]sf] JolQmn] ug]{5 .
-@_ ;fwf/0f ;efdf 5nkmn ul/g] ;a} ljifox? k|:tfjsf] ?kdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . k|:tfj
kfl/t eP jf gePsf] s'/f ;f] ;efsf] cWoIfn] 3f]if0ff ug'{ kg]{5 .
53
-#_ dtbfg ul/Psf] k|To]s ljifodf ;efsf] ax'dt z]o/wgLsf] /fonfO{ ;f] ;efsf] lg0f{o
dflgg]5 . To:tf] /fo ln+bf cWoIfn] xft p7fpg nufO{, WjgLdt, z]o/wgLx?sf] ;d"x ljefhg,
dtkqsf] k|of]unufot cGo pko'Qm k|lqmof cjnDag ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ ljz]if k|:tfjsf] xsdf ;efdf pkl:yt z]o/wgLx?dWo] krxQ/ k|ltzt z]o/sf]
k|ltlglwTj ug]{ z]o/wgLn] k|:tfjsf] kIfdf dt lbPdf dfq ;f] k|:tfj ;efåf/f :jLs[t ePsf]
dflgg]5 .
-$_ ;fwf/0f ;efdf kIf / ljkIfdf dt a/fa/ ePdf ;efsf] cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmn] lg0ff{os
dt lbg kfpg]5 .
t/ z]o/wgLsf] x}l;otn] dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/af6 lgh jl~rt x'g] 5}g .
&%= ljj/0f /fVg' kg]{ M -!_ k|To]s sDkgLn] ;fwf/0f ;efdf ePsf] sfd sf/afxLsf] ljj/0f -dfO{Go"6_
Pp6f 5'§} lstfadf /fVg' kg]{5 / ;f] ljj/0fdf ;DalGwt ;efsf] cWoIf / sDkgL ;lrj eP
sDkgL ;lrjn] b:tvt ug'{ kg]{5 . sDkgL ;lrj gePsf] sDkgLsf] xsdf ;f] ljj/0fdf ;DalGwt
;efsf] cWoIf / ;fwf/0f;efåf/f ax'dtaf6 lgo'Qm z]o/wgLx?sf] Pshgf k|ltlglwn] b:tvt ug'{
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f /fVbf ;efsf] ;"rgf s;/L hf/L ul/of], slt z]o/wgLx?
pkl:yt lyP, ♦lel8of] sGkm/]G; jf To:t} k|sf/sf] cGo k|ljlw dfkm{t ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt
ePsf]df To;/L pkl:yt x'g] ;~rfnssf] ;+Vof, hDdf z]o/sf] slt k|ltztsf] k|ltlglwTj ePsf]
lyof], ;efdf s] s] lg0f{o ul/of] / dtbfg ePsf]df dtbfgsf] kl/0ffd s] eof] cflb ;a} s'/fx?
v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ ;fwf/0f ;ef ePsf] tL; lbgleq o; bkmf adf]lhd n]lvPsf] ljj/0f z]o/wgLx?nfO{
k7fpg' kg]{5 .
t/ s'g} sDkgLn] ;f] ljj/0f /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf k|sflzt u/]df z]o/wgLx?nfO{
k7fO/xg' kg]{ 5}g .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /flvPsf] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] sfd sf/afxLsf] ljj/0f sDkgLsf]
/lhi68{ sfof{nodf /fVg' kg]{5 . To:tf] ljj/0f sfof{no ;doleq s'g} z]o/wgLn] x]g{ rfx]df
sDkgL ;lrj jf sDkgLn] tf]s]sf] cGo sd{rf/Ln] x]g{ lbg' kg]{5 .
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
54
-%_ s'g} z]o/wgLn] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] sfd sf/afxLsf] ljj/0fsf] k|ltlnlk lng rfx]df sDkgLn]
lgodfjnLdf tf]s] adf]lhdsf] b:t'/ lnO{ k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
&^= jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef M -!_ k|To]s klAns sDkgLn] sf/f]af/ z'? ug]{ Ohfht kfPsf] Ps jif{leq
k|yd jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ug'{ kg]{5 / To;kl5 k|To]s jif{ sDkgLsf] cfly{s jif{ k'/f ePsf] 5
dlxgfleq jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} klAns sDkgLn] pkbkmf -!_ sf] Dofb gf3]sf] tLg dlxgfleq klg jflif{s ;fwf/0f
;ef gaf]nfPdf sfof{non] To:tf] sDkgLsf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef af]nfpg lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] lgb]{zg k|fKt u/]sf] tLg dlxgfleq klg sDkgLn] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef
gaf]nfPdf ;f] s'/f v'nfO{ s'g} z]o/wgLn] cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] lgj]bg lbPdf
cbfntn] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ug{ nufpg jf cGo pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ bkmf &# sf] pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd
cbfntsf] cfb]z adf]lhd af]nfOPsf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf hlt;'s} z]o/wgL pkl:yt eP klg u0fk"/s
;ª\Vof k'u]sf] dflgg]5 .
♦-%_ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ug]{ u/L lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf u/]sf k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] xsdf
;d]t pkbkmf -!_, -@_,-#_ / -$_ sf Joj:yfx? nfu" x'g] 5g\ .
&&= jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf k]z ug'{ kg]{ / lg0f{o x'g' kg]{ ljifox? M -!_ k|To]s klAns sDkgLsf] jflif{s
;fwf/0f ;efdf ;~rfnsx?n] n]vfk/LIf0f eO{;s]sf]] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f, n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg
/ ;~rfnssf] k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ hDdf dt ;ª\Vofsf] sDtLdf kf“r k|ltzt dtsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ z]o/wgL jf
z]o/wgLx?n] rfx]df bkmf ^& sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf hf/L x'g'eGbf cufj} ;~rfnsx?
;dIf lgj]bg lbO{ s'g} ljifo jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf 5nkmn / lg0f{osf nflu k]z ug{ nufpg
;Sg]5 .
-#_ k|To]s klAns sDkgLn] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g'eGbf sDtLdf PSsfO; lbg cufj} bkmf
*$ cg';f/sf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f, ;~rfnssf] k|ltj]bg / n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg z]o/wgLx?n]
lgl/If0f ug{ / k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ldnfO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf
;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg{]5 .
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
55
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ df plNnlvt ljj/0f / k|ltj]bg cfjZostf cg';f/ ljB'tLo ;~rf/
dfWodåf/f ;d]t ;"rgf k|jfx ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ df plNnlvt n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg, jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f tyf
;~rfnssf] k|ltj]bg s'g} z]o/wgLn] dfu ug{ cfPdf sDkgLn] To:tf] z]o/wgLnfO{ To:tf] k|ltj]bg
jf ljj/0fx? pknAw u/fpg' kg{]5 .
-^_ o; P]gdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s sDkgLsf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf
z]o/wgLx?nfO{ af“l8g] d'gfkmf, ;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm tyf kfl/>lds, n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm /
lghsf] kfl/>lds jf sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{ egL o; P]g jf lgodfjnLdf
Joj:yf ul/Psf cGo ljifodf ;f] ;efdf k|:tfj k]z ug{ / lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg]5 .
t/ z]o/wgLx?nfO{ af“l8g] d'gfkmfsf] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ubf{ To:tf] d'gfkmfsf] b/ ;~rfns
;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] b/eGbf a9L x'g] u/L lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
&*= sfof{nodf k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{ M k|To]s klAns sDkgLn] b]xfosf s'/fx? v'nfO{ k|ltj]bg tof/
u/L jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g'eGbf sDtLdf PSsfO; lbgcl3 sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf]
k|ltj]bg ;~rfns ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t eO{ sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIfsaf6 k|dfl0ft ul/Psf] x'g' kg]{5
M–
-s_ af“8kmf“8 ePsf] z]o/sf] ;ª\Vof,
-v_ af“8kmf“8 ePsf] z]o/dWo] r'Qmf ePsf] / gePsf] z]o/sf] ;ª\Vof,
-u_ sDkgLsf] ;~rfns, k|aGw ;~rfns, n]vfk/LIfs, sfo{sf/L k|d['v, k|aGwssf] ljj/0f
/ lghx?nfO{ e'Qmfg ul/Psf] kfl/>lds, eQf tyf ;'ljwfsf] /sd,
-3_ sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k'“hLsf] kf“r k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ vl/b u/L lng] JolQm jf
;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] gfd / lghx?sf] gfddf /x]sf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] ljj/0f,
-ª_ z]o/ laqmLaf6 k|fKt ePsf] hDdf /sd / ;DalGwt cfly{s jif{df sDkgLn] vl/b u/]sf]
tyf hf/L u/]sf] gof“ z]o/ tyf l8a]~r/sf] ljj/0f,
-r_ ;~rfns jf cfwf/e"t z]o/wgL jf lghsf glhssf gft]bf/n] sDkgLnfO{ a'emfpg
af“sL /x]sf] /sd,
-5_ z]o/ laqmL jf cGo s'g} sfd s'/f u/] afkt lbPsf] jf lbg' kg]{ /sd,
-h_ a}° tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?af6 lnPsf] C0f tyf a'emfpg af“sL /x]sf] ;f“jf tyf Jofhsf]
/sd,
56
-em_ sDkgLn] e'QmfgL lng' kg]{ jf sDkgLn] cGo JolQmnfO{ e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{ egL bfaL
ul/Psf] /sd jf o; ljifodf d'2f dfldnf rln/x]sf] eP To;sf] ljj/0f,
-`_ sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkgdf sfo{/t tyf cGo :t/sf sd{rf/L jf sfdbf/sf] ;ª\Vof,
-6_ sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkgdf sfo{/t tyf cGo :t/df sfo{/t ljb]zLx?sf] ;ª\Vof tyf
lghx?nfO{ e'Qmfg ul/Psf] kfl/>lds, eQf tyf ;'ljwf,
-7_ sDkgL / s'g} ljb]zL lgsfo jf JolQmx?aLr nufgL, Joj:yfkg jf k|fljlws ;]jf jf
cGo ljifodf Ps jif{eGbf a9L cjlwsf] nflu s'g} ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f
/ ;DalGwt cfly{s jif{df To:tf] ;Demf}tf cg';f/ e'Qmfg ul/Psf] nfef+z, sld;g,
z'Ns, b:t'/ / /f]oN6L cflbsf] ljj/0f,
-8_ sDkgLsf] Ps cfly{s jif{sf] Joj:yfkg vr{sf] ljj/0f,
-9_ z]o/wgLx?n] a'lemlng af“sL /x]sf] nfef+zsf] /sd,
-0f_ sDkgLn] o; P]g tyf k|rlnt sfg"gsf] kfngf k"0f{ ?kdf u/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf]
pb\3f]if0f,
-t_ cGo cfjZos s'/f .
&(= jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lgldQ sfuhft tof/ /fVg] M k|To]s klAns sDkgLn] jflif{s ;fwf/0f
;efdf 5nkmn ul/g] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f, ;~rfnssf] k|ltj]bg, n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg, bkmf
&* cg';f/ tof/ kfl/Psf] k|ltj]bg / ;efdf k]z x'g] k|:tfjx? ;ef x'g'eGbf sDtLdf PSsfO;
lbg cufj} tof/ u/L sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{nodf z]o/wgLx?n] lg/LIf0f ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf ldnfO{
/fVg' kg]{5 / s'g} z]o/wgLn] lgj]bg lbO{ ;f]sf] k|ltlnlk dfu u/]df lghnfO{ To;sf] Ps k|lt
k|ltlnlk lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ ljz]if k|:tfjsf ?kdf ;efdf k]z x'g] k|:tfjx? ;efsf] ;"rgf ;fy z]o/wgLsf] 7]ufgfdf
k7fpg' kg]{5 .
♣*)= jflif{s ljj/0f k]z ug]{] M -!_ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ug]{ k|To]s sDkgLn] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef
ePsf] tL; lbgleq ;f] ;efdf pkl:yt z]o/wgLsf] ;+Vof, lel8of] sGkm/]G; jf To:t} k|sf/sf] cGo
♣klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . -;flas k|fawfgM *)= sfof{nodf jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efsf] ljj/0f k7fpg] M -!_ k|To]s klAns sDkgLn] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef
ePsf] tL; lbgleq ;f] ;efdf pkl:yt z]o/wgLx?sf] ;ª\Vof, jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f, ;~rfns / n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg / ;f] ;efn] u/]sf lg0f{osf] Ps
k|lt sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg{]5 .
57
k|ljlw dfkm{t ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g] ;~rfnssf] ;+Vof, jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f, ;~rfns
;ldlt / n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg / ;f] ;efn] u/]sf lg0f{osf] Ps k|lt sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg{]5 .
-@_ o; P]gdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s k|To]s sDkgLn] cfly{s jif{ k"/f ePsf] 5
dlxgfleq n]vfk/LIfsåf/f k|dfl0ft ul/Psf] n]vf k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg;lxtsf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0fsf]
Ps k|lt sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ sDkgLn] o; P]g adf]lhd sfof{nodf k]z ug'kg]{ ljj/0f tyf sfuhftx? ljB'tLo
dfWodaf6} sDKo"6/ k|0ffnLdf cknf]8 u/L k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L k]z ePsf ljj/0fnfO{ sfof{non]
;DalGwt sDkgLsf] ljB'tLo clen]vdf ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{5 .
*!= ljj/0f gk7fPdf hl/afgf x'g] M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd sDkgLn] sfof{nonfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{
s'g} ljj/0f, ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L jf sDkgLnfO{ kbflwsf/L jf z]o/wgLn] pknAw u/fpg' kg]{
hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg o; P]gdf s'g} Dofb tf]lsPsf]df To:tf] Dofbleq ;DalGwt sDkgLsf]
;~rfns jf To:tf] ljj/0f, ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ st{Jo ePsf] kbflwsf/L jf
z]o/wgLn] To:tf] ljj/0f, ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L sfof{no jf sDkgLnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq ubkmf %!, &*, *), !@), !#! jf !%^ adf]lhdsf]
ljj/0f, ;"rgf, hfgsf/L jf hjfkm pknAw gu/fpg] b]xfosf sDkgLsf ;~rfns jf To;sf
kbflwsf/LnfO{ /lhi6«f/n] b]xfo adf]lhd hl/afgf ug]{5 M–
-s_ Dofb e'Qmfg ePsf] tLg dlxgf;Ddsf nflu kRrL; nfv ?k}of“;Dd r'Qmf k'“hL
ePsf] sDkgL eP Ps xhf/ ?k}of“, Ps s/f]8 ?k}of“;Dd r'Qmf k'“hL ePsf] sDkgL
eP b'O{ xhf/ ?k}of“ / ;f]eGbf a9L r'Qmf k'“hL ePsf] sDkgL eP kf“r xhf/ ?k}of“,
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb e'QmfgL ePsf] ldltb]lv yk tLg dlxgf;Ddsf nflu
kRrL; nfv ?k}of“;Dd r'Qmf k'“hL ePsf] sDkgL eP Ps xhf/ kf“r ;o ?k}of“, Ps
s/f]8 ?k}of“;Dd r'Qmf k'“hL ePsf] sDkgL eP tLg xhf/ ?k}of“ / ;f]eGbf a9L r'Qmf
k'“hL ePsf] sDkgL eP ;ft xhf/ ?k}of“,
-u_ v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb e'QmfgL ePkl5 yk 5 dlxgf;Ddsf nflu kRrL; nfv
?k}of“;Dd r'Qmf k'“hL ePsf] sDkgL eP b'Oxhf/ kf“r ;o ?k}of“, Ps s/f]8 ?k}of“;Dd
-@_ o; P]gdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s k|To]s k|fOe]6 sDkgLn] cfgf] cfly{s jif{ k'/f ePsf] 5 dlxgfleq n]vfk/LIfsåf/f k|dfl0ft ul/Psf] jflif{s
cfly{s ljj/0fsf] Ps k|lt sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
u s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^$ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
58
r'Qmf k'“hL ePsf] sDkgL eP kf“r xhf/ ?k}of“ / ;f]eGbf a9L r'Qmf k'“hL ePsf]
sDkgL eP bz xhf/ ?k}of“,
-3_ v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] klg Dofb e'QmfgL eO;s]sf]df kRrL; nfv ?k}of“;Dd r'Qmf
k'“hL ePsf] sDkgL eP k|To]s jif{sf] nflu kf“rxhf/ ?k}of“, Ps s/f]8 ?k}of“;Dd
r'Qmf k'“hL ePsf] sDkgL eP k|To]s jif{sf] nflu bz xhf/ ?k}of“ / ;f]eGbf a9L
r'Qmf k'“hL ePsf] sDkgL eP k|To]s jif{sf nflu aL; xhf/ ?k}of“ .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq To:tf] ljj/0f, ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L pknAw gu/fpg]
d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgLsf] xsdf To:tf] sDkgLsf] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/LnfO{ Ps s/f]8
?k}of“;Dd r'Qmf k'“hL ePsf] sDkgLnfO{ x'g] ;/xsf] hl/afgf x'g]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] hl/afgf ltg'{ kg]{ s'g} ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf z]o/wgLn] ;f]
hl/afgf sfof{nodf a'emfO{ k7fpg' kg]{ ljj/0f sfof{no jf ;DalGwt sDkgLdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd Dofb e'Qmfg ePsf] cjlw u0fgf ubf{ of] P]g k|f/De ePsf] ldltaf6
ul/g]5 .
-^_ o; P]g adf]lhd sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{ cGo ljj/0f, ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L pknAw
gu/fpg] sDkgLsf ;~rfns jf To;sf kbflwsf/L jf z]o/wgLnfO{ To:tf] ljj/0f, ;"rgf jf
hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] Ps dlxgf e'Qmfg ePkl5 k|To]s Ps
dlxgfsf] b'O{ ;o ?k}of“sf] b/n] hl/afgf x'g]5 .
t/ o:tf] hl/afgf Ps cfly{s jif{df Psxhf/ ?k}of“eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
*@= ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef M -!_ cfjZos b]lvPdf sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef
af]nfpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ sDkgLsf] lx;fa lstfasf] hf“ra'em ubf{ s'g} sf/0fn] ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef af]nfpg
cfjZos b]lvPdf n]vfk/LIfsn] To:tf] ;ef af]nfpgsf] lgldQ ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ cg'/f]w ug{
;Sg]5 / ;f] adf]lhd ;~rfns ;ldltn] To:tf] ;ef gaf]nfPdf n]vfk/LIfsn] ;f] s'/f v'nfO{
sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 / ;f] adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]df sfof{non] sDkgLsf] ljz]if ;fwf/0f
;ef af]nfO{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k'“hLsf] sDtLdf bz k|ltzt z]o/ lng] z]o/wgLx? jf z]o/wgLx?sf]
hDdf ;ª\Vofsf] sDtLdf kRrL; k|ltzt z]o/wgLx?n] sf/0f v'nfO{ ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef af]nfpg
59
sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbO{ dfu u/]df ;~rfns ;ldltn] ♦To:tf] dfu u/]sf] ldltn]
a9Ldf tL; lbgleq a:g] u/L sDkgLsf] ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef af]nfpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] ♣cjlwleq ;~rfns ;ldltn] ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef gaf]nfPdf
;DalGwt z]o/wgLx?n] ;f] s'/f v'nfO{ sfof{nodf ph"/L ug{ ;Sg]5g\ / To:tf] ph"/L k/]df
sfof{non] To:tf] ;ef af]nfO{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ lg/LIf0f hf“rsf] kmn:j?k jf s'g} sf/0fn] ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef af]nfpg cfjZos
b]lvPdf sfof{non] To:tf] ;ef :jo+ af]nfpg jf ;~rfns ;ldltåf/f af]nfpg nufpg ;Sg]5 .
*#= ljz]if k|:tfj k]z ug'{ kg]{ M b]xfosf] ljifodf sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf lg0f{o lngsf] nflu ljz]if
k|:tfj k]z ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ sDkgLsf] clws[t k'“hL a9fpg] ljifo,
-v_ sDkgLsf] z]o/ k'“hL 36fpg] jf x]/km]/ ug]{ ljifo,
-u_ sDkgLsf] gfd jf d'Vo p2]Zo kl/jt{g ug]{ ljifo,
-3_ Pp6f sDkgL csf]{ sDkgLdf ufleg] ljifo,
-ª_ af]g; z]o/ hf/L ug]{ ljifo,
-r_ sDkgLn] cfgf] z]o/ cfkm}n] vl/b ug]{ ljifo,
-5_ l8:sfp06df z]o/ laqmL ug]{ ljifo,
-h_ k|fOe]6 sDkgL klAns sDkgLdf jf klAns sDkgL k|fOe]6 sDkgLdf kl/0ft x'g] ljifo,
-em_ o; P]g jf lgodfjnLdf sDkgLn] ljif]z k|:tfj kfl/t ug'{ kg]{ elgPsf] cGo ljifo .
*$= z]o/wgLx?nfO{ ;+lIfKt cfly{s ljj/0f k7fpg] Joj:yf M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg lwtf]kq ahf/df ;"rLs[t ePsf] sDkgLn] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f / ;~rfnssf] k|ltj]bg
z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfnfO{ k7fpg' kg]{ 5}g .
t/ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efsf] ;"rgf k7fp“bf k|To]s z]o/wgLnfO{ pkbkmf -@_ tyf -#_ adf]lhd
tof/ kfl/Psf] ;+lIfKt jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f k7fpg' kg]{5 .
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
♣klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . -;flas k|fawfgM lgj]bg k/]sf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq _
60
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+z cg';f/ k7fpg' kg]{ ;+lIfKt cfly{s ljj/0f
sDkgLsf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f tyf ;~rfnsx?sf] k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df tof/ kfg'{ kg]{5 . To:tf]
ljj/0fsf] 9f“rf k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ n]vfdfg lgwf{/0f ug{ tf]lsPsf] lgsfosf] ;'emfasf] cfwf/df
sfof{non] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ ;+lIfKt jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0fdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf s'/fx? pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5M–
-s_ ;+lIfKt jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f sDkgLsf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f / ;~rfnssf]
k|ltj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f dfq xf] eGg] s'/f,
-v_ ;+lIfKt jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f sDkgLsf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f tyf ;~rfnssf]
k|ltj]bg cg'?k 5 jf 5}g eGg] s'/f / ;f] ljj/0f o; bkmf cg';f/ tf]lsPsf] 9f“rf
cg's'n 5 jf 5}g eGg] af/]df sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIfssf] dGTfJo,
-u_ n]vfk/LIfsn] sDkgLsf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f af/]df s'g} s}lkmot b]vfPsf] jf
gb]vfPsf] s'/f / s'g} s}lkmot b]vfPsf] eP To:tf] s}lkmotsf] k"0f{ ljj/0f / To:tf]
s}lkmot a'‰gsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;fdu|Lx?,
-3_ sDkgLsf] n]vf tyf n]vf ;DaGwL ljj/0fx? ck"0f{ ePsf] jf sDkgLsf] n]vf sDkgLn]
/fv]sf] clen]v tyf ljj/0f;“u ldNb}g eGg] af/]df jf dfu u/]sf] hfgsf/L tyf
:ki6Ls/0f k|fKt ePsf] 5}g eGg] af/]df n]vfk/LIfsn] cfgf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v
u/]sf] ePdf ;f] ;DaGwL k"0f{ ljj/0f .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd z]o/wgLx?nfO{ sDkgLn] JolQmut 7]ufgfdf ;+lIfKt jflif{s cfly{s
ljj/0f k7fpg'sf] ;§f ;f] ljifodf ;efsf] ;"rgf k|sflzt ubf{sf] avt /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf
sDtLdf b'O{k6s k|sfzg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ;+lIfKt jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f k|sflzt ePsf]df ;f] ljj/0f
z]o/wgLsf] JolQmut 7]ufgfdf k7fpg' cfjZos kg]{ 5}g .
*%= btf{ gDa/ pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ M sDkgLn] o; P]gsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ sfof{no ;dIf k]z ug'{kg{] ;a}
k|ltj]bg, ljj/0f, clen]v jf cGo sfuhftdf sDkgLsf] btf{ gDa/ pNn]v ug'{ kg{]5 .
kl/R5]b–^
;~rfns ;ldlt
*^= ;~rfns ;ldlt / ;~rfnssf] ;ª\Vof M -!_ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;~rfnsx?sf] lgo'lQm / lghx?sf]
;ª\Vof lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ul/P adf]lhd x'g]5 .
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♦t/ ;~rfnsx?sf] ;+Vof P3f/hgf eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
-@_ k|To]s klAns sDkgLdf sDtLdf tLg hgf / a9Ldf P3f/ hgf;Dd ;~rfns ePsf]
;~rfns ;ldlt /xg]5 . ♦dlxnf z]o/wgL /x]sf] klAns sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltdf sDtLdf
Pshgf dlxnf ;~rfns x'g'kg]{ 5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;~rfns ;ldlt u7g x'“bf sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf tf]lsPsf] of]Uotf
ePsf] / ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] Joj;fo;“u ;DalGwt ljifodf 1fg tyf cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf]
JolQmx?dWo] ;ft hgf;Dd ;~rfns eP sDtLdf Pshgf / ;ft hgfeGbf a9L ;~rfns ePdf
sDtLdf b'O{hgf JolQmnfO{ :jtGq ;~rfnssf] ?kdf lgo'Qm ug'{ kg{]5 .
-$_ ;~rfnsx?n] cfk"mdWo]af6 5fg]sf] s'g} Ps hgf ;~rfns ;~rfns ;ldltsf] cWoIf
x'g]5 .
*&= ;~rfnsx?sf] lgo'lQm M -!_ sDkgLsf] ;~rfnsx?sf] lgo'lQm bkmf *( tyf lgodfjnLdf n]lvPsf
Joj:yfx?sf] cwLgdf /xL sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efåf/f ul/g]5 .
t/,
-!_ sDkgLsf] k|yd jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Dd ;~rfnsx?sf] lgo'lQm
;+:yfksx?åf/f ul/g]5 .
-@_ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efåf/f lgo'Qm ul/Psf] ;~rfnssf] kb s'g} Joxf]/fn] l/Qm ePdf
;f] l/Qm :yfgdf ;~rfns ;ldltn] csf]{ ;~rfns lgo'Qm ug]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] z]o/ lnPsf]
sDkgLsf] xsdf sDkgLsf ;~rfnsx?sf] hDDff ;ª\Vof / ;f] ;+:yfn] u|x0f u/]sf] z]o/ ;ª\Vofsf]
cg'kftdf x'g cfpg] ;~rfns / To:tf] ;~rfns s'g} Joxf]/fn] ;ldltsf] a}7sdf efu lng g;Sg]
cj:yf pTkGg ePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] k|To]s ;~rfnssf] ;§fdf ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt x'g /
dtbfg ug{ a}slNks ;~rfns ;d]t To:tf] ;+:yfn] lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ cg';f/ lgo'Qm s'g} ;~rfns sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt
x'g g;Sg] ePdf To:tf] ;~rfnsn] ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lghsf] a}slNks ;~rfns tyf ;~rfns
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
62
;ldltnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . To:tf] cj:yfdf a}slNks ;~rfnsn] ;ldltsf] a}7sdf efu
lng / dtbfg ug{ kfpg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm a}slNks ;~rfnsn] pkbkmf -#_ sf] cj:yfdf afx]s
;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sdf efu lng / dtbfg ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
**= ;~rfns x'gsf] lgldQ lng' kg]{ z]o/ M s'g} sDkgLsf] ;~rfns lgo'Qm x'gsf] lgldQ ;f] sDkgLsf]
lgodfjnLdf s'g} z]o/ ;ª\Vof tf]lsPsf] eP ;f] adf]lhdsf] z]o/ ;~rfns x'g] JolQmn] lnPsf]
x'g' kg]{5 . To;/L gtf]lsPsf]df sDtLdf Ps ;o z]o/ lnPsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
t/ bkmf *^ sf] pkbkmf -#_ tyf bkmf *& sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm x'g] ;~rfnsn]
To:tf] z]o/ lng' cfjZos x'g] 5}g .
*(= ;~rfnssf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g jf axfn /xg g;Sg] cj:yf M -!_ b]xfosf s'g} JolQm ;~rfnssf]
kbdf lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg] 5}g M–
-s_ klAns sDkgLsf] xsdf PSsfO; jif{ pd]/ gk'u]sf],
-v_ duh lau|]sf] jf ax'nfPsf],
-u_ bfdf;fxLdf k/L kf“r jif{sf] cjlw k'/f gePsf],
-3_ e|i6frf/ jf g}lts ktg b]lvg] cGo s;"/df ;hfo kfPsf],
t/ k|fOe]6 sDkgL eP To:tf] ;hfo e'Qmfg ePsf] ldltn] tLg jif{ k'/f gePsf],
-ª_ s'g} k|sf/sf] rf]/L, 7uL, sLt]{ jf cfgf] lhDdfsf] wgdfn cglws[t tj/n] df;]sf]
jf b'?kof]u u/]sf] cleof]udf s;"/bf/ 7x/L ;hfo e'Qmfg ePsf] tLg jif{ k'/f
gePsf],
-r_ ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] Joj;fo jf s'g} 7]Ssf k§f jf sf/f]af/df s'g} k|sf/sf] lghL
:jfy{ ePsf],
-5_ ;dfg p2]Zo ePsf] csf]{ s'g} sDkgLsf] ;~rfns, cfwf/e"t z]o/wgL, sd{rf/L,
n]vfk/LIfs jf ;Nnfxsf/ kbdf axfn /x]sf] jf To:tf] sDkgLdf s'g} klg k|sf/sf]
lghL :jfy{ ePsf],
t/ Pp6f k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] To:tf] JolQm ;dfg p2]Zo ePsf] csf{] k|fOe]6
sDkgLdf ;~rfns x'g ;Sg]5 .
63
-h_ ;DalGwt sDkgLnfO{ /sd a'emfpg af“sL /x]sf] 7x/ ePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf]
z]o/wgL,
-em_ bkmf !^) adf]lhd ;hfo kfPsf] JolQmsf] xsdf ;hfo kfPsf] ldltn] Ps jif{
ggf3]sf] jf bkmf !^! adf]lhd ;hfo kfPsf] JolQmsf] xsdf ;hfo kfPsf] ldltn]
5 dlxgf ggf3]sf],
-`_ s'g} vf; Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{ sDkgLsf] xsdf k|rlnt sfg"gn] s'g} of]Uotf
tf]s]sf] eP To:tf] of]Uotf gk'u]sf] jf s'g} cof]Uotf tf]lsPsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf]
cof]Uotf ePsf],
-6_ nuftf/ tLg cfly{s jif{;Dd o; P]g cg';f/ sfof{nodf k]z ug{'[ kg]{ ljj/0f tyf
k|ltj]bgx? k]z gug]{ s'g} sDkgLsf] ;~rfns /x]sf],
♦-6!_ bkmf *! sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd hl/jfgf /sd ltg{ afFsL /x]sf],
-7_ csf]{ s'g} ;"rLs[t sDkgLaf6 a}7s eQf / a}7s :yndf cfpg, hfg, a:gsf nflu
nfUg] jf:tljs vr{ afx]s cGo kfl/>lds jf s'g} ;'ljwf k|fKt ug]{ ;~rfnssf]
kbdf axfn /x]sf] .
-@_ b]xfosf] s'g} JolQm :jtGq ;~rfnssf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg] 5}g M–
-s_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvP adf]lhdsf] JolQm,
-v_ ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] z]o/wgL,
-u_ ;DalGwt sDkgLn] sf/f]af/ ug]{ ljifo;“u ;DalGwt ljifodf sDtLdf :gftsf]kflw
xfl;n u/L ;DalGwt If]qdf jf sDkgL Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL sfddf sDtLdf bz
jif{sf] cg'ejk|fKt jf cy{, ljQ, Joj:yfkg, n]vf, tYof°, jfl0fHo, Jofkf/ k|zf;g
jf sfg"g ljifodf sDtLdf :gftsf]kflw k|fKt u/L ;DalGwt If]qdf sDtLdf bz
jif{sf] cg'ej k|fKt gu/]sf],
-3_ ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] kbflwsf/L, n]vfk/LIfs, sd{rf/L jf To:tf] s'g} kbaf6 cjsfz
k|fKt u/]sf] tLg jif{ k'/f gePsf],
-ª_ ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] kbflwsf/Lsf] glhssf] gft]bf/,
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
64
-r_ ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIfs jf lghsf] ;fe]mbf/ .
-#_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf s'g} JolQm ;~rfnssf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g M–
-s_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ df n]lvP adf]lhd ;~rfnssf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g g;Sg] cj:yf
ePdf,
-v_ ;fwf/0f ;efn] ;~rfnssf] kbaf6 x6fpg] k|:tfj kfl/t u/]df,
-u_ ;~rfnsn] cfgf] kbaf6 lbPsf] /fhLgfdf ;~rfns ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t ePdf,
-3_ sDkgLsf] sfd sf/afxLdf a]OdfgL jf ablgot u/]sf] s'/f cbfntaf6 7x/ ePdf,
-ª_ o; P]g adf]lhd ;~rfnsn] ug{ gx'g] egL tf]lsPsf] s'g} sfo{ u/]sf] jf ug'{ kg]{
egL tf]lsPsf] sfo{ gu/]sf] egL cbfntaf6 7x/ ePdf,
-r_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd a}° jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] C0f glt/L clwsf/k|fKt lgsfon]
sfnf] ;"rLdf /fvL sfnf] ;"rLsf] cjlw sfod /x]sf] ePdf .
-$_ s'g} JolQmnfO{ ;~rfnssf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g jf axfn /xg cof]Uo 7x¥ofpg' cl3
sDkgLn] lghnfO{ ;f] s'/fsf] ;"rgf lbO{ ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ dgfl;a df}sf lbg' kg]{5 .
()= ;~rfnsx?sf] sfo{sfn M -!_ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;~rfnssf] sfo{sfn lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf eP
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ klAns sDkgLsf] ;~rfnssf] sfo{sfn lgodfjnLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd a9Ldf rf/
jif{sf] x'g ;Sg]5 .
t/,
-!_ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfåf/f lgo'Qm ;~rfns g]kfn ;/sf/ jf lgo'Qm ug]{
;+:yfsf] OR5f cg';f/sf] cjlw;Dd cfgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5 .
-@_ bkmf *& sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zsf] qmd;ª\Vof -!_ tyf -@_
adf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf] ;~rfns jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Dd dfq cfgf] kbdf
axfn /xg]5 .
-#_ s'g} ;~rfnssf] sfo{sfn k'/f gx'“b} aLrdf kb l/Qm eO{ ;f] kbdf lgo'Qm ePsf]
;~rfnssf] sfo{sfn h'g ;~rfnssf] kb l/Qm eO{ lgo'Qm ePsf] xf] ;f]
;~rfnssf] af“sL sfo{sfn;Ddsf] nflu dfq x'g]5 .
65
-#_ k|rlnt sfg"g jf lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s Ps sfo{sfn ;dfKt
eO{ ;~rfnssf] kbaf6 cjsfz k|fKt ug]{ JolQm ;~rfnssf] kbdf k'gM lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg]5 .
(!= ;~rfnsx?sf] kfl/>lds, eQf, k'/:sf/ OToflb M -!_ ;~rfnsx?n] a}7sdf pkl:yt ePafkt
kfpg] a}7s eQf, dfl;s kfl/>lds, b}lgs eQf tyf e|d0f vr{ jf cGo ;'ljwf ;fwf/0f ;efn]
lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ s'g} sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L sDkgLdf k'/f ;do sfd ug]{
;~rfnsx?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg sDkgLn] ltg'{ kg]{ cfos/ ltl/;s]kl5 af“sL /x]sf] d'gfkmfsf] tLg
k|ltztdf ga9fO{ k'/:sf/ lbg ;Sg]5 .
t/ k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ clGtd ?kdf cfos/ lgwf{/0f x'“bf sDkgLn] yk cfos/ ltg'{ kg]{
ePdf sDkgLn] To:tf] yk s/sf] /sd k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug]{ ;~rfnsx?af6 lghx?n] k'/:sf/ afkt
k|fKt u/]sf] /sdsf] xb;Dd ;dfg'kflts ?kdf c;'n pk/ u/L lng' kg]{5 .
-#_ k|yd ;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Ddsf] nflu k|aGw ;~rfns jf sDkgLdf k'/f ;do sfd ug]{
cGo ;~rfnssf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf ;~rfns ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] :jLs[lt k|bfg u/]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s ;"rLs[t sDkgLsf] s'g}
;~rfns cfgf] kbaf6 d'Qm ePdf jf cjsfz k|fKt u/]df lghnfO{ sDkgLn] ;f] s'/fsf] Ifltk"lt{
afkt s'g} klg lsl;dsf] e'QmfgL ug'{ x'“b}g .
(@= ;~rfnsx?n] hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{ M -!_ ;~rfnsn] cfk"m ;~rfnssf] kbdf axfn u/]sf] ♣kGw|
lbgleq b]xfosf s'/fsf] lnlvt hfgsf/L sDkgLnfO{ u/fpg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/;“u ;DalGwt s'g} k|sf/sf] vl/b laqmL jf cGo k|sf/sf] 7]Ssf
k§fdf cfk"m jf cfgf] glhssf] gft]bf/sf] k|ToIf ;+nUgtf ePdf jf s'g} lsl;dsf]
lghL :jfy{ ePdf,
:ki6Ls/0f M o; v08sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æk|ToIf ;+nUgtfÆ eGgfn] ;~rfns jf
lghsf] glhssf] gft]bf/ ;+:yfks /x]sf] jf bz k|ltzteGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf]
sDkgL jf k|fOe]6 kmd{ jf ;fem]bf/L kmd{ jf To:tf] sf/f]af/df ;+nUg sDkgLsf]
;~rfns /x]sf] cj:yf ;d]tnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
♣klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . -;flas k|fawfgM ;ft lbgleq_
66
-v_ sDkgLsf] k|aGw ;~rfns, sDkgL ;lrj, kbflwsf/Lsf] lgo'lQmsf] ;DaGwdf s'g}
k|sf/sf] :jfy{ ePdf,
-u_ cGo s'g} sDkgLsf] ;~rfns /x]df,
-3_ sDkgL jf To:tf] sDkgLsf] d'Vo jf ;xfos sDkgLsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] sf/f]af/
u/]sf] ePdf To:tf] sf/f]af/sf] ljifodf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hfgsf/L u/fp“bf sDkgL / ;~rfns jf lghsf] glhssf] gft]bf/
aLrdf s'g} lnlvt ;Demf}tf ePsf]df To:tf] ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk k]z ug'{ kg]{5 / To:tf] ;Demf}tf
gePdf sf/f]af/ jf :jfy{ jf ;+nUgtf;“u ;DalGwt d'Vo / cfjZos s'/f v'nfOPsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] hfgsf/L sDkgLn] k|fKt u/]sf] ;ft lbgleq sfof{nodf k]z ug'{
kg]{5 / sfof{non] To:tf] hfgsf/L k|fKt u/]kl5 ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu v8f u/]sf] 5'§} btf{ lstfadf
clen]v u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-$_ s'g} ;~rfnssf] ;DalGwt sDkgL jf ;f] sDkgLsf] ;xfos sDkgL;“u ePsf] jf x'g]
s'g} lsl;dsf] 7]Ssf, k§f, sf/f]af/ jf ;Demf}tfdf k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf :jfy{ uf“l;Psf] eP jf
:jfy{ uf“l;g] s'/f hfgsf/Ldf cfP lghn] To:tf] :jfy{sf] xb / ;f]sf] lsl;d ;d]t v'nfO{ ;f]
;DaGwdf oyfzL3| sDkgLnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ s'g} ;~rfnsn] s'g} lglZrt JolQm;“usf] sf/f]af/df cfgf] lghL :jfy{ /x]sf] s'/f
dflgof];\ egL sDkgLnfO{ lnlvt hfgsf/L lbPdf To:tf] JolQm;“u x'g] sf/f]af/ jf s/f/sf ;DaGwdf
lghn] cfgf] lghL :jfy{sf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbPsf] dflgg]5 .
(#= ;~rfnssf] ;+nUgtf /x]sf] sDkgL;“usf] sf/f]af/ M -!_ o; bkmfdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s s'g}
klAns sDkgLn] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] :jLs[lt lagf cfgf] s'g} ;~rfns jf lghsf] glhssf] gft]bf/
jf cfwf/e"t z]o/wgL jf ♦;~rfns, ;~rfnssf] glhssf] gft]bf/ jf cfwf/e"t z]o/wgLsf]
cfwf/e"t z]o/ :jfldTj ePsf] cGo s'g} kmd{, sDkgL jf cGo ;+ul7t ;+:yf jf cfgf]] d'Vo
sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] :jLs[ltlagf ;xfos sDkgLn] d'Vo sDkgLsf] ;~rfns jf lghsf]
glhssf] gft]bf/ jf cfwf/e"t z]o/wgL;“u cy{k"0f{ sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf nflu æcy{k"0f{ sf/f]af/Æ eGgfn] sf/f]af/ ubf{sf] cj:yfdf Ps
nfv ?k}of“ jf sDkgLsf] s'n ;DklQsf] kf“r k|ltztdWo] h'g sd x'G5 ;f] eGbf a9L d"No kg]{ s'g}
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
67
j:t' jf ;]jf vl/b, laqmL, n]gb]g ug]{, 7]Ssf k§f ;DaGwL sf/f]af/ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] jflif{s
Psnfv aL; xhf/ jf ;f]eGbf a9Lsf] axfn ;DaGwL sf/f]af/ ;d]tnfO{ hgfp“5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L s'g} sf/f]af/ ePsf]df To:tf] sf/f]af/af6 k|ToIf jf
ck|ToIf ?kdf k|fKt u/]sf] s'g} /sd jf nfe sDkgLnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 / To:tf] sf/f]af/af6
sDkgLnfO{ s'g} xflg gf]S;fgL ePsf] /x]5 eg] ;f] ;d]t To:tf] sf/f]af/af6 nfe lng] JolQmn]
Ifltk"lt{ ltg'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfo adf]lhd k|fKt ul/Psf] lhG;L
;DklQsf ;DaGwdf pkbkmf -!_ sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g M–
-s_ d'Vo sDkgLn] cfgf] k"0f{ :jfldTjdf /x]sf] ;xfos sDkgLaf6 To:tf] ;DklQ k|fKt
ubf{,
-v_ d'Vo sDkgLsf] k"0f{ :jfldTjdf /x]sf] ;xfos sDkgLn] ;f]xL d'Vo sDkgLsf] k"0f{
:jfldTjdf /x]sf] csf{] ;xfos sDkgLaf6 To:tf] ;DklQ k|fKt ubf{,
-u_ sDkgLsf] lgoldt Jofj;flos sf/f]af/sf] l;nl;nfdf k|rlnt ahf/ d"Nodf
sf/f]af/ ubf{ .
($= ;~rfnsn] z]o/ af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{ M -!_ s'g} JolQm ;~rfnssf] kbdf /x“bf lghn] ;f]
sDkgL jf ;f] sDkgLsf] ;xfos jf d'Vo sDkgL jf d'Vo sDkgLsf] cGo ;xfos sDkgLsf] z]o/
jf l8a]~r/df lghn] s'g} Joxf]/fn] xs k|fKt u/]df sDkgLnfO{ ;f] s'/fsf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] hfgsf/L
lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ lghsf] xssf] Joxf]/f,
-v_ ;DalGwt sDkgL jf cGo sDkgLsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/df ;~rfnsdf axfn /x“bfsf
avt lghsf] xs jf :jfy{ /x]sf] k|To]s ju{sf] z]o/ ;ª\Vof / k|To]s ju{sf]
l8a]~r/sf] /sdsf] ljj/0f .
-@_ b]xfosf] cj:yf pTkGg ePdf sDkgLsf] ;~rfnsn] cfk"m ;~rfns /x]sf] sDkgLnfO{
To:tf] cj:yf ePsf] cfk"mnfO{ hfgsf/L ePsf] kGw| lbgleq lnlvt ?kdf hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ s'g} sf/0faf6 lghn] cfk"m ;~rfns /x]sf] sDkgL jf ;f] sDkgLsf] ;xfos jf
d'Vo sDkgL jf d'Vo sDkgLsf] cGo ;xfos sDkgLsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/df xs
k|fKt ug]{ ePdf jf lghsf] xs ;dfKt x'g] ePdf,
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-v_ lghsf] gfddf /x]sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ a]Rgsf nflu lghn]
s'g} ;Demf}tf u/]df,
-u_ cfk"m ;~rfns /x]sf] sDkgLn] To:tf] sDkgLsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ vl/b ug{ k|bfg
u/]sf] clwsf/ cGo s;}nfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]df,
-3_ cfk"m ;~rfns /x]sf] sDkgLsf] ;xfos jf d'Vo sDkgL jf To:tf] sDkgLsf] ;xfos
sDkgL jf d'Vo sDkgLsf] cGo ;xfos sDkgLn] To:tf] sDkgLsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/
vl/b ug{ clwsf/ lbPdf,
-ª_ v08 -3_ adf]lhdsf] sDkgLsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ vl/b ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ lghn]
c? s;}nfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]df .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd sDkgLnfO{ hfgsf/L k7fp“bf z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] ;ª\Vof, ;f]sf]
/sd tyf ju{ ;d]t :ki6 v'nfO{ k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ / -#_ adf]lhd k|fKt hfgsf/L clen]v ug{sf] nflu sDkgLn] Pp6f 5'§} btf{
lstfa v8f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ o; bkmfdf n]lvPsf] Joj:yf ;~rfnssf] glhssf] gft]bf/sf] ;DaGwdf ;d]t ;~rfns
;/x g} nfu" x'g]5 .
(%= ;~rfns ;ldltsf] clwsf/ / st{Jo M -!_ o; P]g / lgodfjnLdf n]lvPsf s'/fx? / ;fwf/0f
;efsf] lg0f{osf] cwLgdf /xL sDkgLsf] ;Dk"0f{ sf/f]af/sf] Joj:yfkg, clwsf/x?sf] k|of]u /
st{Josf] kfng ;~rfnsx?n] ;fd"lxs ?kdf ;~rfns ;ldlt dfk{mt ug]{5g\ .
-@_ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o adf]lhd afx]s s'g} klg klAns sDkgLsf] ;~rfnsn] cfk"m axfn
/x]sf] sDkgL dfk{mt cfk"mnfO{ JolQmut nfe x'g] sfd ug{ x'“b}g .
t/ k|fOe]6 sDkgLn] k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd
sDkgL dfk{mt ;~rfnsn] lng kfpg] nfesf ;DaGwdf dgfl;j Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ of] P]g, sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL jf k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] xsdf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tf
adf]lhd cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s ;~rfns ;ldltn] cfk"mdWo]sf s'g} ;~rfnsnfO{ jf
sDkgLsf] s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ PSn} jf ;+o'Qm ?kdf sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 s'g} klg sfd sf/afxL ug{,
n]vfk9L ug{, ljlgdo clwsf/kq jf r]s cflbdf ;xL5fk ug{ ;d]t ;a} jf s]xL clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg
u/L cfgf] k|ltlglw v8f ug{ ;Sg]5 . To;/L clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ubf{ ;~rfns ;ldltsf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ sDtLdf Pshgf ;~rfns / sDkgL ;lrj eP lghn] ;f] s'/f k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{5 .
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-$_ sDkgLsf] ;~rfns jf k|ltlglwsf] x}l;otn] sfd ug]{ JolQmn] cfgf] clwsf/ If]q gf3L
u/]sf] s'g} sfd sf/afxLaf6 sDkgLnfO{ k'Ug uPsf] xflg gf]S;fgL ;f] ;~rfns jf k|ltlglwaf6
sDkgLn] c;'n pk/ u/L lng ;Sg]5 .
-%_ ;~rfns jf pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltlglwn] cfgf] JolQmut lxtsf nflu jf
sDkgLnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL u/fpgsf] lgldQ s'g} sf/f]af/ ug{ nfu]sf] xf] eGg] hfgL hfgL jf ljZjf;
ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f eP/ klg s;}n] To:tf] ;~rfns jf k|ltlglw;“u s'g} sf/f]af/ u/]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f]
JolQmn] sDkgL pk/ To:tf] sf/f]af/sf] ;DaGwdf s'g} bfaL ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-^_ pkbkmf -#+_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;~rfns ;ldltn] sDkgLnfO{ k|fKt b]xfosf
clwsf/x? k|Tofof]hg ug{ kfpg] 5}g / o:tf clwsf/x? ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7saf6 kfl/t lg0f{o
cg';f/ dfq k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ z]o/wgLx?n] z]o/ afkt a'emfpg af“sL /sdsf] e'QmfgL dfu ug{] clwsf/,
-v_ l8a]~r/ hf/L ug]{ clwsf/,
-u_ l8a]~r/ afx]s cGo tl/sfaf6 C0f, ;fk6L lng] clwsf/,
-3_ sDkgLsf] sf]ifdf /x]sf] /sd nufgL ug]{ clwsf/,
-ª_ C0f lbg] clwsf/ .
-&_ a}l°· tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ sDkgLx?n] lgoldt sf/f]af/sf] l;nl;nfdf lbg] C0f
tyf k|fKt ug]{ lgIf]ksf] xsdf pkbkmf -^_ sf] v08 -ª_ sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-*_ ;~rfns ;ldltn] s'g} vf; sfo{ u/fpg pk;ldlt u7g ug{ cfjZos 7fg]df
cfjZostf cg';f/ Ps jf PseGbf a9L pk;ldlt u7g u/L To:tf] sfo{ u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
(^= k|aGw ;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm / sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkg M -!_ lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL ;~rfnsx?n]
cfk"mdWo]af6 PshgfnfO{ k|aGw ;~rfns lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-@_ k|aGw ;~rfnssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ lgodfjnLdf n]lvP adf]lhd jf ;~rfns
;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|aGw ;~rfns jf sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L lng]
cGo ;~rfnsnfO{ sDkgLdf lgo'Qm ubf{ lgo'lQmsf] zt{, kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf lgwf{/0f u/L lnlvt
;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 / To:tf] ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf / ;fwf/0f ;efn] lgwf{/0f
u/] cg';f/ kfpg] cGo ;'ljwf afx]s cGo s'g} ;'ljwf lbg jf e'QmfgL ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
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-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;Demf}tfsf] cjlw Psk6sdf rf/ jif{eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
-%_ ;~rfnsx?;“u ePsf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;Demf}tf z]o/wgLx?n] lgMz'Ns x]g{ kfpg]
Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ s'g} Ps ;"rLs[t sDkgLaf6 a}7s eQfafx]s lgoldt kfl/>lds jf ;'ljwf k|fKt
ul//x]sf] ;~rfnsnfO{ lgoldt kfl/>lds jf ;'ljwf kfpg] u/L csf]{ ;"rLs[t sDkgLdf k|aGw
;~rfnssf] kbdf lgo'Qm ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
(&= ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s M -!_ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s lgodfjnLdf n]lvP
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ klAns sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s jif{df sDtLdf 5 k6s a:g' kg]{5 .
t/ b'O{ a}7ssf] aLrsf] cGt/ tLg dlxgfeGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
-#_ sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sdf ;~rfnsx? :jo+ pkl:yt x'g' kg]{5 . ;~rfnssf]
;§f ;~rfnssf] k|ltlglwsf] pkl:ylt dfGo x'g] 5}g .
-$_ sDkgLsf] ;~rfnsx?sf] hDdf ;ª\Vofsf] sDtLdf PsfpGg k|ltzt ;~rfnsx?
pkl:yt geO{ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] s'g} a}7s x'g] 5}g .
t/ o; P]g adf]lhd ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sdf 5nkmn x'g] s'g} ljifodf 5nkmn ug{
gkfpg] ;~rfnsnfO{ o; pkbkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ df plNnlvt ;ª\Vofdf ;~rfnsx? pkl:yt gePsf] sf/0faf6 ;~rfns
;ldltsf] a}7s ;DkGg x'g g;s]df sDtLdf tLg lbgsf] ;"rgf lbO{ csf]{ a}7s af]nfpg ;lsg]5 .
To:tf] a}7sdf klg pkbkmf -$_ df plNnlvt ;ª\Vofdf ;~rfnsx? pkl:yt gePdf pkl:yt
;~rfnsx?n] u/]sf] sfd sf/afxL tyf lg0f{o dfGo x'g]5 .
-^_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sdf ax'dtsf] lg0f{o dfGo x'g]5 / dt a/fa/ ePdf cWoIfn]
;~rfnssf] x}l;otn] lbPsf] dtsf] cltl/Qm lg0ff{os dt;d]t lbg ;Sg]5 .
t/ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sdf cfgf] lghL ;/f]sf/ jf :jfy{ ePsf] ljifodf x'g] 5nkmndf
s'g} ;~rfnsn] efu lng jf dtbfg ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-&_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt ;~rfnsx?, 5nkmn ePsf] ljifo / tT;DaGwdf
ePsf] lg0f{osf] ljj/0f -dfO{Go"6_ sf] 5'§} clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 / ;f] lg0f{o ljj/0fdf a}7sdf
pkl:yt ;Dk"0f{ ;~rfnsx?sf] sDtLdf PsfpGg k|ltztn] ;xL ug'{ kg]{5 .
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t/ s'g} ljifodf 5nkmn ubf{ s'g} ;b:on] lg0f{osf] ljk/Lt jf To:tf] lg0f{oeGbf leGg ljrf/
/fv]df ;f]xL s'/f a}7ssf] lg0f{osf] ljj/0f -dfOGo"6_ df clen]v ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-*_ s'g} ;b:osf] ;xL gePsf] sf/0fn] dfq ;f] lg0f{o cj}w ePsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-(_ pkbkmf -#_, -$_, -%_ / -^_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLn]
:ki6 /f]s nufPsf]df afx]s ;~rfns ;ldlt jf ;~rfnsx?sf] s'g} pk;ldltn] ug{ kfpg] s'g}
sfd jf lg0f{osf] ;DaGwdf ;~rfns ;ldlt jf pk;ldltsf ;a} ;b:ox? lnlvt ?kdf ;xdt
ePdf To:tf] ;xdltnfO{ lg0f{osf] ljj/0fsf] ?kdf clen]v u/L To:tf] sfd a}7s lagf klg ug{
;lsg]5 .
-!)_ pkbkmf -(_ adf]lhdsf] ;xdlt ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o ;/x dflgg]5 .
(*= ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] ;"rgf M -!_ sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s
sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s sDkgL ;lrj jf ;ldltsf] cWoIf jf sDkgLsf sfo{sf/L
k|d'vn] af]nfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;~rfnssf] s'n ;ª\Vofsf] sDtLdf
kRrL; k|ltzt ;~rfnsn] a}7sdf 5nkmn ug'{ kg]{ ljifo vf]nL lnlvt ?kdf ;~rfns ;ldltsf]
a}7s jf]nfpg dfu u/]df To:tf] dfu k|fKt ePsf] ♣kGw| lbgleq To:tf] a}7s a:g] u/L cWoIfn]
;ldltsf] a}7s af]]nfpg' kg]{5 . ;f] cjlwleq ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s gaf]nfPdf To:tf] dfu ug]{
;DalGwt ;~rfns cfkm}n] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s af]nfpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] ;"rgfsf] af/]df sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf s'g} Joj:yf ul/Psf]
eP ;f]xL cg';f/ x'g]5 . To:tf] Joj:yf gul/Psf]df ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] ;"rgf tyf
5nkmnsf] ljifo k|To]s ;~rfnsnfO{ lghn] sDkgLnfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 7]ufgfdf lnlvt ?kdf
k7fpg' kg]{5 / To:tf] ;"rgf ljB'tLo ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 klg lbg ;lsg]5 .
((= ;~rfnsx?sf] hjfkmb]xL tyf bfloTj M -!_ sDkgLsf] ;~rfnsn] sDkgL dfk{mt jf sDkgLsf]
sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf JolQmut kmfObf lng] sfd ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/sf] l;nl;nfdf s'g} ;~rfnsn]
JolQmut kmfObf lnPsf] ePdf ;f] /sd sDkgLn] To:tf] ;~rfnsaf6 C0f ;/x e/fO{ lng]5 .
♣klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . -;flas k|fawfgM ;ft lbgleq_
72
-#_ s'g} JolQm klAns sDkgLsf] ;~rfns lgo'Qm ePkl5 lghn] cfgf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg'eGbf
klxn] g} tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 9f“rfdf uf]Kotf / OdfGbfl/tfsf] zky lng' kg]{5 .
-$_ sDkgLsf k|To]s ;~rfns tyf kbflwsf/Ln] cfgf] kbLo bfloTj lgjf{x ubf{ sDkgLsf]
:jfy{ / lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL OdfGbf/Lk"j{s c;n lgotn] sfd ug'{ kg]{5 / ;fdfGo ljj]s / 1fg
ePsf] JolQm;/x lxkmfhtL, ;fjwfgL, a'l4dQf, s'zntf tyf bIftfsf] k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ sf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L ablgot lrtfO{ sDkgLnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL k'Ug]
lsl;daf6 sfd sf/afxL ug]{ ;~rfnsaf6 sDkgLnfO{ x'g uPsf] xflg gf]S;fgLsf] Ifltk"lt{ sDkgLn]
c;'n pk/ u/L lng ;Sg]5 .
-^_ o; P]g, sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL / ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfsf] Joj:yf kfngf ug'{
k|To]s ;~rfnssf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
!))= lwtf]kqsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{ M -!_ s'g} sDkgLsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ lwtf]kq ahf/sf] ;~rfng
ug]{ ;+:yfdf ;"rLs[t ePsf] eP To:tf] sDkgLsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] ;DaGwdf ;~rfnsn] bkmf
($ adf]lhd sDkgLnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPkl5 sDkgLn] cljnDa ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L To:tf] ;+:yfnfO{
lbg' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt u/]sf] hfgsf/LnfO{ To:tf] ;+:yfn] cfk"mn] pko'Qm 7fg]sf]
tl/sfaf6 k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
!)!= kbflwsf/L jf z]o/wgLnfO{ C0f k|bfg ug{ k|ltjGw M -!_ sDkgLn] cfgf kbflwsf/L, cfwf/e"t
z]o/wgL jf ♣d'Vo sDkgL jf ;xfos sDkgLsf] kbflwsf/L, cfwf/e"t z]o/wgL jf lghx? s;}sf]
glhssf] gft]bf/nfO{ s'g} C0f jf cfly{s ;xfotf k|bfg ug'{ x'“b}g / To:tf kbflwsf/L jf z]o/wgL
jf glhssf] gft]bf/n] cGoq lnPsf] C0fsf] nflu s'g} hdfgt lbg jf ;'/If0f k|bfg ug{ x'“b}g .
t/ sDkgLsf sd{rf/LnfO{ sDkgLsf] lgodfg';f/ lbOg] C0f jf ;'ljwf jf k|rlnt sfg"gn]
/f]s nufPsf]df afx]s s'g} a}° jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 lgoldt sf/f]af/sf] l;nl;nfdf k|bfg ul/g]
C0f jf lbOg] hdfgtsf] ;DaGwdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-@_ of] P]g k|f/De x'g' cl3 pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt s'g} JolQmn] sDkgLaf6 k|fKt u/]sf]
s'g} C0f ;Dat\ @)^% ;fn cflZjg @@ ut]leq r'Qmf ul/;Sg' kg]{5 .
♣klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . -;flas k|fawfgM d'Vo sDkgLsf] kbflwsf/L, z]o/wgL jf_
73
!)@= kbflwsf/Ln] e'm§f ljj/0f lbg gx'g] M sDkgLsf kbflwsf/Ln] sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf sDkgLsf]
jf:tljs ljQLo l:yltsf] ;DaGwdf hfgLhfgL e'm§f ljj/0f lbO{ sDkgLsf z]o/wgLx?nfO{
d'gfkmfaf6 af“8\g ;lsg]eGbf a9L nfef+z af“8\g k|]l/t u/L sDkgLsf] k'“hLdf c;/ kfg{] sfo{ u/]df
To:tf] sfo{sf] nflu To;/L e'm§f ljj/0f lbg] kbflwsf/L JolQmut ?kdf pQ/bfoL x'g]5 .
!)#= cGo JolQm;“usf] sf/f]af/ / sDkgLsf] clwsf/ If]q M -!_ sDkgLsf] k|aGwkqdf pNn]v ePsf] s'g}
s'/fsf] cfwf/df sDkgLn] cGo JolQm;“u u/]sf] s'g} sf/f]af/ clwsf/If]qljxLg ePsf] eGg]
sf/0faf6 dfq To:tf] sf/f]af/ ca}w jf cdfGo x'g] 5}g .
-@_ sDkgLsf] k|aGwkqdf lgwf{l/t clwsf/If]qsf] ;Ldfleq /xL To:tf] sf/f]af/ ug'{ k|To]s
;~rfns tyf kbflwsf/Lsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt cj:yfafx]s s'g} ;~rfnsn] cfk"mnfO{ k|fKt clVtof/LeGbf
aflx/ uO{ u/]sf] sfd sf/f]af/ sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efåf/f ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L cg'df]bg ug{
;lsg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ljz]if k|:tfjåf/f s'g} sfd sf/afxL cg'df]bg ePsf] sf/0faf6
dfq sDkgLsf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf cGo JolQmn] clwsf/ If]q g3fO{ ul/Psf sfd sf/afxL
afkt o; P]g cGtu{tsf] bfloTjaf6 lghn] 5'6 kfPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
!)$= sDkgLnfO{ aGwgsf/L x'g] M ♣-!_ kbflwsf/L jf sDkgLsf] nflu sfd ug{ clVtof/Lk|fKt JolQmåf/f
eP u/]sf] sfd sf/afxL jf lghsf] ;xL5fk ePsf] sfuhft sDkgLsf] nflu dfGo tyf aGwgsf/L
x'g]5 .
-@_ s'g} JolQmn] c;n lgotn] sDkgL;“u s'g} sf/f]af/ u/]sf]df To:tf] sf/f]af/ sDkgLnfO{
aGwgsf/L x'g]5 / sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL jf sDkgLåf/f kfl/t s'g} klg k|:tfj, sDkgL
/ o;sf] s'g} klg z]o/wgLaLrdf ePsf] ;Demf}tfdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] To:tf] sf/f]af/ ug{
;~rfns jf clVtof/ k|fKt JolQmsf] clVtof/df s'g} ;Ldf jf aGb]h nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
t/ s'g} kbflwsf/Ln] cfk"mnfO{ k|fKt clVtof/LeGbf a9L clVtof/L k|of]u u/L pkbkmf -!_ jf
-@_ df n]lvPsf] s'g} sfd jf sf/f]af/ u/]df To:tf] clVtof/L ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 o; P]g adf]lhd
♣klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . -;flas k|fawfgM -!_ sDkgLsf] clwsf/k|fKt sDtLdf Pshgf ;~rfns jf sDkgLsf] nflu sfd ug{ clVtof/Lk|fKt
JolQmåf/f eP u/]sf] sfd sf/afxL / ;xL ePsf] sfuhft sDkgLsf] nflu dfGo tyf aGwgsf/L x'g]5 ._
74
cg'df]bg gePdf lgh JolQmut ?kdf lhDd]jf/ /xg]5 / To:tf] sfd sf/f]af/af6 sDkgLnfO{ xflg
gf]S;fgL ePsf] /x]5 eg] ;f] ;d]t sDkgLn] lghaf6 e/fO lng ;Sg]5 .
!)%= ;~rfnsx?sf] clVtof/Ldf k|ltaGw M -!_ s'g} klAns sDkgL jf a}° jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 C0f
k|fKt ug]{ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] z]o/wgLx?sf] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t
gu/fO{ b]xfosf] s'g} sfd ug{ u/fpg kfpg] 5}g M–
-s_ cfk"mn] ;~rfng u/L cfPsf] Ps jf PseGbf a9L Joj;fo -cG8/6]ls·_ sf]
;Q/L k|ltzteGbf a9L Joj;fo laqmL, bfg, as;, jxfn jf cGo s''g} tl/sfaf6
s;}nfO{ xs 5fl8lbg,
-v_ lgoldt Jofj;flos sf/f]af/sf] l;nl;nfdf sDkgLn] a}° jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 5
dlxgfeGbf sd cjlwsf] nflu lnPsf] C0f ;'ljwfafx]s cfgf] r'Qmf k'“hL / ;l~rt
d'gfkmf -lk|m l/he{_ sf] hDdf /sdeGbf a9L x'g] u/L C0f lng,
-u_ sDkgLsf] sd{rf/L jf cfgf] Joj;fosf] k|j4{gsf] nflu lbPsf] cg'bfg, rGbf, pkxf/
cflbdf ul/Psf] vr{ afx]s Ps cfly{s jif{df ♣Ps nfv ?k}of jf sDkgLsf] ljut
tLg cfly{s jif{sf] ;/b/ v'b d'gfkmfsf] Ps k|ltztn] x'g cfpg] /sddWo] h'g sd
x'G5, ;f] /sdeGbf a9L /sdsf] rGbf, cg'bfg jf bfg lbg .
t/,
-!_ rn crn ;DklQ vl/b laqmLsf] dfq Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{]{ sDkgLaf6
k|rlnt ahf/ d"No lt/L sDkgLsf] s'g} ;DklQ jf Joj;fo vl/b ug]{ JolQmn]
To:tf] ;DklQ jf Joj;fo -cG8/6]ls·_ df k|fKt u/]sf] xs :jfldTjdf v08
-s_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] c;/ kfg]{ 5}g .
-@_ a}l°· jf ljQLo sf/f]af/ jf ladf Joj;fo ug]{ sDkgLn] cfgf] lgoldt
sf/f]af/sf] l;nl;nfdf ;j{;fwf/0faf6 lgIf]k jf ladf z'Ns k|fKt ubf{ v08
-v_ sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu :jLs[lt k|bfg ubf{ ;fwf/0f ;efn] pko'Qm zt{ tf]Sg
;Sg]5 .
♣klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . -;flas k|fawfgM krf; xhf/ ?k}of“_
75
!)^= eO{;s]sf] sfd sf/afxLsf] dfGotf M s'g} ;~rfnssf] lgo'lQmsf ;DaGwdf o; P]g cGtu{t s'g}
Joj:yfsf] kfngf gePsf] s'/f kl5 kQf nfu]df ;f] kQf nfUg'eGbf cl3 To:tf] ;~rfnsn] u/]sf]
sfd sf/afxL ;f] s'/fn] ab/ x'g] 5}g .
!)&= ;~rfns tyf sDkgL ;lrjsf] btf{ lstfa M -!_ k|To]s sDkgLn] ;~rfns tyf sDkgL ;lrj
eP lghsf] Pp6f 5'§} btf{ lstfa /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /flvPsf] btf{ lstfadf k|To]s sDkgLn] cfgf] ;~rfns jf
;lrjsf] gfd, y/, 7]ufgf, gful/stf, k]zf, Joj;fo, ;~rfns jf ;lrj lgo'Qm ePsf] / kbaf6
x6]sf] eP ;f]sf] ldlt ;d]t clen]v u/L /fVg' kg]{5 / ;f] ljj/0fdf s'g} s'/f x]/km]/ ePdf ;f]sf]
;"rgf ;d]t kGw| lbgleq sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–&
sDkgLsf] lx;fa lstfa / n]vf
!)*= sDkgLsf] n]vf M -!_ sDkgLn] cfgf] n]vf g]kfnL jf c·|]hL efiffdf /Ltk"j{s /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /flvg] n]vf bf]xf]/f] n]vfk|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t / sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/sf]
oyfy{ l:ylt :ki6 ?kdf k|ltljlDjt x'g] u/L k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/k|fKt lgsfon] nfu"
u/]sf] n]vfdfg -PsfpG6L· :6\of088{_ / o; P]g adf]lhd kfngf ug'{ kg]{ cGo zt{ tyf Joj:yf
cg'?k /fVg' kg]{5 .
-#_ sfof{non] :jLs[lt lbPsf]df afx]s sDkgLsf] n]vf sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{no afx]s
cGoq /fVg ;lsg] 5}g .
-$_ sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] tf]lslbPsf] /sd afx]s sDkgL;“u /x]sf] gub df}Hbft
a}°df bflvn u/L a}° dfk{mt g} sf/f]af/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ o; kl/R5]bdf ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf /xL sDkgLsf] lx;fa lstfa tyf n]vf /fVg]
clGtd lhDd]jf/L ;~rfnsx? jf cGo kbflwsf/Lx?df /xg]5 .
-^_ sDkgLsf] n]vf tyf jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf o; P]gdf ul/Psf]
Joj:yf kfngf gePdf To:tf] n]vf, jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f tyf cGo k|ltj]bgx? h'g JolQm ;~rfns
jf kbflwsf/Lsf] x}l;otdf sfo{/t /x]sf] avt ePsf] xf] ;f]xL JolQm o; P]g adf]lhd lhDd]jf/
/xg]5 .
!)(= jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f / ;~rfns ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ klAns sDkgLsf]
;~rfns ;ldltn] k|To]s jif{ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g'eGbf sDtLdf tL; lbg cufj} / k|fOe]6
76
sDkgLsf] xsdf cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] 5 dlxgfleq tf]lsPsf] 9f“rfdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] jflif{s
cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ cfly{s jif{sf] clGtd ldltsf] jf;nft,
-v_ cfly{s jif{sf] gfkmf gf]S;fgLsf] lx;fa,
-u_ cfly{s jif{sf] gub k|jfxsf] ljj/0f .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tof/ ug]{ jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0fdf ;DalGwt cfly{s jif{sf]
cGTo;Dd sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/sf] oyfy{ / jf:tljs l:ylt b]vfO{ ;f] cfly{s jif{df ePsf] gfkmf
gf]S;fgLsf] lx;fa tyf gub k|jfxsf] ljj/0f ;d]t bzf{OPsf] x'g' kg]{5 . To:tf] cfly{s ljj/0f
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] 9f“rfdf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f ;~rfns ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t ePsf] /
n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-$_ k|To]s klAns sDkgL jf Ps s/f]8 ?k}of“ jf ;f]eGbf a9L r'Qmf k'“hL ePsf] jf jflif{s
bz s/f]8 jf ;f]eGbf a9Lsf] sf/f]af/ ePsf] k|To]s k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] pkbkmf
-!_ adf]lhd tof/ ul/g] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0fsf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf] ljj/0f pNn]v u/L ;~rfns
;ldltsf] 5'§} k|ltj]bg ;d]t ;f]xL cjlwdf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ ljut jif{sf] sf/f]af/sf] l;+xfjnf]sg,
-v_ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltaf6 sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/nfO{ s'g} c;/ k/]sf] eP
;f] c;/,
-u_ k|ltj]bg tof/ ePsf] ldlt;Dd rfn" jif{sf] pknlAw / eljiodf ug'{ kg]{ s'/fsf]
;DaGwdf ;~rfns ;ldltsf] wf/0ff,
-3_ sDkgLsf] cf}Bf]lus jf Jofj;flos ;DaGw,
-ª_ ;~rfns ;ldltdf ePsf] x]/km]/ / ;f]sf] sf/0f,
-r_ sf/f]af/nfO{ c;/ kfg]{ d'Vo s'/fx?,
-5_ n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf s'g} s}lkmot pNn]v ePsf] eP ;f] pk/ ;~rfns ;ldltsf]
k|lts[of,
-h_ nfef+z af“8kmf“8 ug{ l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] /sd,
77
-em_ z]o/ hkmt ePsf] eP hkmt ePsf] z]o/ ;ª\Vof, To:tf] z]o/sf] cl°t d"No, To:tf]
z]o/ hkmt x'g'eGbf cufj} ;f] afkt sDkgLn] k|fKt u/]sf] hDdf /sd / To:tf]
z]o/ hkmt ePkl5 ;f] z]o/ laqmL u/L sDkgLn] k|fKt u/]sf] /sd tyf hkmt
ePsf] z]o/ afkt /sd lkmtf{ u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f,
-`_ ljut cfly{s jif{df sDkgL / o;sf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/sf] k|ult / ;f]
cfly{s jif{sf] cGtdf /x]sf] l:yltsf] k'g/fjnf]sg,
-6_ sDkgL tyf To;sf] ;xfos sDkgLn] cfly{s jif{df ;DkGg u/]sf] k|d'v sf/f]af/x?
/ ;f] cjlwdf sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/df cfPsf] s'g} dxTjk"0f{ kl/jt{g,
-7_ ljut cfly{s jif{df sDkgLsf] cfwf/e"t z]o/wgLx?n] sDkgLnfO{ pknAw u/fPsf]
hfgsf/L,
-8_ ljut cfly{s jif{df sDkgLsf ;~rfns tyf kbflwsf/Lx?n] lnPsf] z]o/sf]
:jfldTjsf] ljj/0f / sDkgLsf] z]o/ sf/f]af/df lghx? ;+nUg /x]sf] eP ;f]
;DaGwdf lghx?af6 sDkgLn] k|fKt u/]sf] hfgsf/L,
-9_ ljut cfly{s jif{df sDkgL;“u ;DalGwt ;Demf}tfx?df s'g} ;~rfns tyf lghsf]
glhssf] gft]bf/sf] JolQmut :jfy{sf] af/]df pknAw u/fOPsf] hfgsf/Lsf] Joxf]/f,
-0f_ sDkgLn] cfgf] z]o/ cfkm}n] vl/b u/]sf] eP To;/L cfgf] z]o/ vl/b ug'{sf]
sf/0f, To:tf] z]o/sf] ;ª\Vof / cl°t d"No tyf To;/L z]o/ vl/b u/] afkt
sDkgLn] e'QmfgL u/]sf] /sd,
-t_ cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnL eP jf gePsf] / ePsf] eP ;f]sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f,
-y_ ljut cfly{s jif{sf] s'n Joj:yfkg vr{sf] ljj/0f,
-b_ n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] gfdfjnL, lghx?n] k|fKt u/]sf] kfl/>lds, eQf
tyf ;'ljwf, ;f] ;ldltn] u/]sf] sfd sf/afxLsf] ljj/0f / ;f] ;ldltn] s'g} ;'emfj
lbPsf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f,
-w_ ;~rfns, k|aGw ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, sDkgLsf cfwf/e"t z]o/wgL jf lghsf]
glhssf gft]bf/ jf lgh ;+nUg /x]sf] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] sDkgLnfO{
s'g} /sd a'emfpg af“sL eP ;f] s'/f,
-g_ ;~rfns, k|aGw ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v tyf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ e'QmfgL ul/Psf]
kfl/>lds, eQf tyf ;'ljwfsf] /sd,
78
-k_ z]o/wgLx?n] a'lemlng af“sL /x]sf] nfef+zsf] /sd,
-km_ bkmf !$! adf]lhd ;DklQ vl/b jf laqmL u/]sf] s'/fsf] ljj/0f,
-a_ bkmf !&% adf]lhd ;Da4 sDkgLaLr ePsf] sf/f]af/sf] ljj/0f,
-e_ o; P]g tyf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;~rfns ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgdf v'nfpg' kg]{
cGo s'g} s'/f,
-d_ cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ ubf{ sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ePsf] jif{sf]
xsdf ;+:yfkgf ePsf] ldltb]lv ;f]xL cfly{s jif{sf] cGt;Ddsf] / To;kl5sf jif{x?df cl3Nnf]
cfly{s jif{sf] lx;fa ;d]t ;dfj]z ul/Psf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-^_ o; bkmf adf]lhd tof/ ul/Psf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f s'g} z]o/wgLn] lg/LIf0f ug{
rfx]df lg/LIf0f ug{ kfpg] u/L v'nf /fVg' kg]{5 .
-&_ o; bkmf cg';f/ tof/ kfl/Psf] jflif{s cfly{s laj/0f tyf ;~rfnssf] k|ltj]bg
;~rfns ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t eO{ ;f]df ;~rfns ;ldltsf] cWoIf / sDtLdf Pshgf ;~rfnsn]
x:tfIf/ ug{' kg]{5 .
-*_ sDkgLn] o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd tof/ kf/]sf] n]vf tyf jflif{s cfly{s laj/0f ;DalGwt
cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] sDtLdf kf“r jif{;Dd ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{5 .
-(_ e'm§f Joxf]/fsf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f, ;~rfns ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg tyf o; P]g cg';f/
tof/ ug'{ kg]{ cGo ljj/0f tyf k|ltj]bgx? tof/ kfg]{ kbflwsf/L tyf :jLs[t ug]{ ;~rfnsx?nfO{
of] P]g cg';f/ ;hfo x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b–*
n]vfk/LIf0f
!!)= sDkgLn] n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ k|To]s sDkgLn] cfgf] n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg o; P]g
adf]lhd n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} sDkgLsf] g]kfn /fHoaflx/ zfvf sfof{no ePdf To:tf] zfvf sfof{no /x]sf]
d'n'ssf] k|rlnt sfg"gdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm
n]vfk/LIfsn] ;f] zfvfsf] klg n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
79
!!!= n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm M -!_ sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIfs k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd n]vf k/LIf0f ug{
Ohfhtkq k|fKt n]vfk/LIfsx?dWo]af6 klAns sDkgLsf] xsdf kl/R5]b–!* sf] cwLgdf /xL
;fwf/0f ;efn] / k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] xsdf k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf Joj:yf
eP adf]lhd / ;f] gePdf ;fwf/0f ;efn] lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{5 / To;/L lgo'Qm ePsf] ldltn] kGw|
lbgleq lghsf] gfd sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
t/ k|yd jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g'eGbf cl3 ;~rfns ;ldltn] n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ug]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf] n]vfk/LIfs To;kl5 a:g] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef;Dd
dfq axfn /xg]5 .
-#_ klAns sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ Pp6} n]vfk/LIfs, lghsf] ;fem]bf/ jf k"j{ ;fem]bf/ jf
sd{rf/L jf e"tk"j{ sd{rf/LnfO{ nuftf/ tLg k6seGbf a9L n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
t/ tLg jif{ klxn] g} ;fem]bf/Laf6 cnu x'g] ;fem]bf/ jf To:tf] n]vfk/LIfssf] ;]jfaf6 cnu
ePsf] sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf of] k|ltaGw nfu" x'g] 5}g .
!!@= n]vfk/LIfsdf lgo'Qm x'g g;Sg] M -!_ b]xfosf JolQm jf To:tf JolQm lx:;]bf/ ePsf] kmd{ jf
sDkgL n]vfk/LIfsdf lgo'Qm x'g / lgo'Qm eO;s]sf] eP klg axfn /xg ;Sg] 5}g M–
-s_ sDkgLsf] ;~rfns, lgoldt kfl/>lds jf gub ;'ljwf kfpg] u/L lgo'Qm ;Nnfxsf/,
sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkg ;d"xdf /x]sf] JolQm jf sd{rf/L jf sfdbf/ jf lghx? s;}sf]
;fem]bf/ jf To:tf] ;fem]bf/dWo] s'g}sf] sd{rf/L jf lghx?dWo] ;~rfns jf
;fem]bf/sf] glhssf] gft]bf/ jf lghsf] sd{rf/L,
-v_ sDkgLaf6 s'g} lsl;dn] C0f lnPsf] cf;fdL jf sDkgLnfO{ ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{ s'g}
/sd Dofbleq e'Qmfg gu/L af“sL /x]sf] JolQm jf To:tf] JolQmsf] glhssf] gft]bf/,
-u_ n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwL s;"/df ;hfo kfPsf] tLg jif{sf] cjlw e'Qmfg gePsf] JolQm,
-3_ ;fx"sf] bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf] JolQm,
-ª_ sDkgLsf] cfwf/e"t z]o/wgL jf sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k'“hLsf] Ps k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf
a9L z]o/ lnPsf]] z]o/wgL jf lghsf] glhssf] gft]bf/,
-r_ e|i6frf/, 7uL jf g}lts ktg x'g] kmf}hbf/L s;"/df ;hfo kfPsf] kf“r jif{sf] cjlw
e'Qmfg gePsf] JolQm,
-5_ bkmf !!! sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] JolQm,
80
-h_ klAns sDkgLsf] xsdf s'g} klg ;/sf/L jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs
:jfldTj jf lgoGq0f /x]sf] ;+:yf jf cGo s'g} sDkgLdf k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ;do sfd
ug]{ JolQm jf lghsf] ;fem]bf/ jf To:tf] ;fem]bf/sf] sd{rf/Lsf] ?kdf sfo{/t JolQm
jf sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkgsf] tkm{af6 tof/ x'g] s'g} lnvt jf k|ltj]bgdf x:tfIf/ ug{
clwsf/ kfPsf] JolQm,
-em_ ;Lldt bfloTj ePsf] sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yf .
-`_ sDkgL;“usf] sf/f]af/df s'g} :jfy{ ePsf] JolQm jf lghsf] glhssf] gft]bf/ jf
sDkgL;“usf] sf/f]af/df s'g} :jfy{ ePsf] csf]{ sDkgLsf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf
cfwf/e"t z]o/wgL .
-@_ n]vfk/LIfsn] cfk"m lgo'Qm x'g'cl3 pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cof]Uo gePsf] s'/f sDkgLnfO{
lnlvt ?kdf hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ s'g} n]vfk/LIfs cfgf] sfo{sfn ;dfKt gx'“b} s'g} sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ cof]Uo
ePdf jf sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm x'g jf sfod /xg g;Sg] l:ylt pTkGg ePdf lghn]
n]vfk/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{ jf ul//x]sf] sfd tTsfn /f]sL ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lnlvt ?kdf sDkgLnfO{
lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ o; bkmfsf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L lgo'Qm ePsf] n]vfk/LIfsn] u/]sf] n]vfk/LIf0f dfGo x'g]
5}g .
!!#= sfof{non] n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg] M sDkgLsf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf sf/0fjz n]vfk/LIfs
lgo'Qm x'g g;s]df jf jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef g} x'g g;s]df jf o; P]g adf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf]
n]vfk/LIfs s'g} sf/0fjz sfod /xg g;s]df sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] cg'/f]wdf sfof{non]
csf]{ n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!!$= lx;fa lstfa / n]vf lbg' kg]{ M n]vfk/LIf0f ug{sf] nflu n]vfk/LIfsn] sDkgLsf] lx;fa lstfa /
n]vf sfof{no ;doleq h'g;'s} avt dfu]df klg lbg' kg]{5 / s'g} s}lkmot dfu u/]sf] eP ;f]sf]
oyfy{ hjfkm ;d]t ;DalGwt ;~rfns jf sd{rf/Ln] dgfl;j ;doleq lbg' kg]{5 .
!!%= n]vfk/LIfssf] sfd / st{Jo M -!_ n]vfk/LIfsn] cfk"mn] n]vfk/LIf0f u/]sf] lx;fa, lstfa /
n]vfsf] cfwf/df sDkgLsf] jf;nft, gfkmf gf]S;fgLsf] lx;fa tyf gub k|jfx ljj/0f k|dfl0ft
u/L z]o/wgLx? jf lgo'Qm ug]{ clwsf/LnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L cfgf] k|ltj]bg sDkgLnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
81
-@_ n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ jf clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfon] lgwf{/0f u/]sf]
n]vfk/LIf0fdfg -cl86 :6\of088{_ cg'?k x'g' kg]{5 / To:tf] k|ltj]bgdf cfjZostf cg';f/ o;
P]g adf]lhd v'nfpg' kg]{ s'/fx? pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf cGo s'/fx?sf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf s'/f
klg v'nfpg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ug{ cfjZos ;"rgf / :ki6Ls/0f pknAw eP jf gePsf],
-v_ o; P]g cg'?k sDkgLn] cfgf] sf/f]af/sf] oyfy{ l:ylt :ki6 x'g] u/L n]vf /fv] jf
g/fv]sf],
-u_ k|fKt ePsf] jf;nft, gfkmf gf]S;fgLsf] lx;fa / gub k|jfx ljj/0f k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] n]vfdfg cg'?k tof/ eP jf gePsf] / To:Tff ljj/0fx?
sDkgLn] /fv]sf] n]vf;“u b'?:t /x] jf g/x]sf],
-3_ n]vfk/LIf0fsf] l;nl;nfdf pknAw u/fOPsf :ki6Ls/0f tyf ;"rgfx?sf] cfwf/df
n]vfk/LIfssf] /fo;fy k|:t't jf;nftn] sDkgLsf] cfly{s cj:yfsf] tyf ;f]xL
ldltdf ;dfKt ePsf] jif{sf] gfkmf gf]S;fgLsf] lx;fa / gub k|jfx ljj/0fn] qmdzM
sDkgLsf] gfkmf gf]S;fg / gub k|jfxsf] ;d'lrt lrq0f u/] jf gu/]sf],
-ª_ ;~rfns ;ldlt jf k|ltlglw jf s'g} sd{rf/Ln] sfg"glj?4 sfd sfh u/]sf] jf
sDkgLsf] ;DklQ lxgfldgf u/]sf] jf sDkgLsf] xflg gf]S;fgL u/] jf u/fPsf] eP
;f] s'/f,
-r_ sDkgLdf n]vf ;DaGwL s'g} hfn;fhL u/] jf gu/]sf],
-5_ s'g} ;'emfj eP To:tf ;'emfjx? .
!!^= n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf n]vfk/LIfssf] ;xL x'g' kg]{ M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd s'g} sDkgLaf6 lgo'Qm
n]vfk/LIfsn] tof/ u/]sf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf ;f] JolQm :j+on] g} x:tfIf/ u/L ldlt v'nfpg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} sDkgLn] k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ n]vfk/LIf0fsf] sfo{ ug]{ k|df0fkq k|fKt n]vf
Joj;foL ;+:yfnfO{ n]vfk/LIfssf] ?kdf lgo'Qm u/]sf] eP To:tf] ;+:yfsf] ;fem]bf/x?sf] lg0f{o
cg';f/ clwsf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] ;b:on] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf x:tfIf/ u/L ldlt v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
!!&= ;"rgf lbg' kg]{ M n]vfk/LIfsn] lbPsf] k|ltj]bgsf] k|ltlnlk o; P]gdf ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf
/xL sDkgLn] z]o/wgLx?nfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . To:tf] sDkgLdf cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf]
82
Joj:yf ePsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] 6]«8 o'lgogsf] lnlvt cg'/f]wdf sDkgLn] ;f] 6]«8 o'lgognfO{
k|ltj]bgsf] Psk|lt pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
!!*= n]vfk/LIfssf] kfl/>lds M n]vfk/LIfssf] kfl/>lds lgo'lQmstf{n] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 / ;f]
kfl/>lds sDkgLn] Joxf]g]{5 .
!!(= lgo'Qm n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ x6fpg] Joj:yf M -!_ o; kl/R5]b cg';f/ lgo'Qm n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ h'g
cfly{s jif{sf] nflu n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ul/Psf] xf] ;f] cfly{s jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] sfd ;dfKt
geP;Dd x6fpg ;lsg] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} n]vfk/LIfsn] n]vfk/LIfssf] cfr/0f
ljk/Lt sfd u/]df, cfk"mnfO{ n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ug]{ sDkgLsf] lxt ljk/Lt x'g] sfo{ u/]df jf
k|rlnt sfg"g ljk/Lt sfd u/]df g]kfn rf6{8{ Psfp06]06\; ;+:yfnfO{ k"j{ hfgsf/L lbO{ ;DalGwt
sDkgLsf] Joj;fo lgoldt ug]{ ;DaGwdf k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ clwsf/ k|fKt lgodgsf/L lgsfo
eP To:tf] lgsfosf] :jLs[lt lnO{ / geP sfof{nosf] :jLs[lt lnO{ h'g k|lqmofaf6 n]vfk/LIfs
lgo'Qm ePsf] xf] ;f]xL k|lqmofaf6 lghnfO{ x6fpg ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ cg';f/ n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ x6fp“bf lghnfO{ cfgf] ;kmfO{ k|:t't ug]{ dgfl;a
df}sf lbg' kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–(
s}lkmot tna / hf“r
!@)= sfof{non] s}lkmot tna ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ sDkgLaf6 k]z ePsf] sfuhftx?af6 s'g} s'/f gv'n]sf]
cj:yfdf To:tf] Joxf]/f v'nfpg jf s'g} s'/fsf] s}lkmot tna ug'{ k/]df sfof{non] plrt Dofb
tf]sL sDkgLnfO{ s}lkmot tna ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s}lkmot tna ul/Psf s'/fx?df sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkgn] plrt
hjfkm ;f]xL Dofbleq k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ s}lkmot tnasf] l;nl;nfdf sDkgLsf] sfd sf/afxLdf s'g} clgoldttf b]lvPdf ;f]
lgoldt ug{ u/fpg sfof{non] sDkgLnfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 / To:tf] lgb]{zgsf] kfngf
ug'{ sDkgLsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
!@!= sfof{non] lg/LIfs v6fpg ;Sg] M -!_ s'g} sDkgLn] o; P]g, k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL, ljj/0fkq,
;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tf jf k|rlnt sfg"g ljk/Lt sfd u/]sf] 5 egL sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k'“hLsf] sDtLdf
bz k|ltzt z]o/sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ jf z]o/wgLsf] hDdf ;ª\Vofsf] sDtLdf rf/ v08sf] Ps
v08 z]o/wgLx? jf ;/f]sf/jfnf ;fx"n] dgfl;a sf/0f b]vfO{ ;a't k|df0f;lxt lgj]bg lbPdf
83
sfof{non] cfjZostf cg';f/ Ps jf PseGbf a9L lg/LIfs v6fO{ k7fpg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] lg/LIfs
n]vf, sfg"g, ljQ, Joj:yfkg, jfl0fHo, pBf]u jf sDkgL k|zf;g jf sDkgLn] ug]{ Joj;fo;“u
;DalGwt ljifodWo] s'g} Ps ljifosf] ljz]if1 x'g kg]{5 . To:tf] sfo{sf nflu nfUg] cg'dflgt
vr{sf] /sd sfof{non] tf]s] adf]lhd lgj]bsn] sfof{nodf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
♦t/ To:tf] ljz]if1 ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] sfd sf/f]af/df lghL :jfy{ jf ;/f]sf/ gePsf]
JolQm x'g'kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sfof{nonfO{ b]xfosf] cj:yf 5 eGg]
nfu]df pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg gk/] tfklg sfof{non] cfjZostf cg';f/ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd
of]Uotf k'u]sf] lg/LIfs lgo'Qm u/L sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/ jf Joj;fo h“rfpg ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ s'g} sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/ jf Joj;fodf sDkgLsf z]o/wgL jf ;fx"x?nfO{ 7u]sf] jf
c? lsl;dn] hfn;fh u/]sf] jf u}/ sfg"gL dtna xfl;n u/]sf] jf ;fj{hlgs lxt
ljk/Ltsf sfo{x? u/]sf] hfgsf/L ePdf, jf
-v_ s'g} klAns sDkgLn] cfgf] sfd sf/f]af/ af/] lbg' kg]{ ;"rgf glbPdf .
!@@= lg/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ bkmf !@! adf]lhd vl6Psf] jf lgo'Qm ePsf] lg/LIfssf]
sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ hf“ra'em ug]{ qmddf cfk"mn] pko'Qm 7fg]sf sDkgLsf jt{dfg jf k"j{ kbflwsf/L jf
z]o/wgL jf hf“ra'em ug'{ kg]{ ljifo;“u ;Da4 hfgsf/L 5 egL 7flgPsf cGo
JolQmnfO{ cfk"m ;dIf pkl:yt u/fO{ aofg lng], cfjZos hfgsf/L k|fKt ug]{ jf
cGo dgfl;a ;xof]u k|fKt ug]{,
-v_ hf“ra'emsf] nflu ;fGble{s sfuhftx? lg/LIf0f ug]{ jf cGo s'g} rLh a:t' sAhf
jf lgoGq0fdf /fVg] jf s'g} ;DalGwt JolQmaf6 To:tf] sfuhft jf rLh a:t' cfk"m
;dIf bflvn u/fpg nufpg] jf To:tf] sfuhft cfgf] lgoGq0fdf lng],
-u_ sDkgLsf] n]vf 7Ls;“u /fv]sf] jf g/fv]sf] hf“Rg] jf hf“Rg nufpg] .
-@_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd hf“ra'emsf] qmddf s'g} JolQmn] lg/LIfs;dIf JoQm u/]sf] s'/f
jf lbPsf] aofg k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lghsf] lj?4 k|df0fsf] ?kdf
u|fx|o x'g]5 .
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
84
!@#= lg/LIfsnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ s'g} JolQmn] e'm§f aofg lbPdf, bkmf !@@ adf]lhd k]z ug'{ kg]{
ljj/0f jf sfuhft jf cGo rLh j:t' k]z gu/]df, lg/LIfsn] ;f]w]sf] k|Zgsf] hjfkm glbPdf jf
lg/LIfsn] hf“ra'emsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu dfu]sf] ljj/0f glbPdf lg/LIfsn] ;f] ljifodf lnlvt ?kdf
cbfnt ;dIf ph"/L k|ltj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ph"/L k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePdf cbfntn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
cfjZos s'/f a'emL s'g} JolQm bf]ifL 7x/]df cbfntn] bkmf !^@ adf]lhd plrt 7x/fPsf] ;hfo
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!@$= k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd lgo'Qm lg/LIfsn] hf“ra'em u/L ;s]kl5 cfgf]
/fo;lxt sfof{nodf k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . sfof{non] To:tf] k|ltj]bgsf] Ps k|lt lgj]bs eP
lghnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . s'g} z]o/wgLn] To:tf] k|ltj]bgsf] k|ltlnlk kfpg lgj]bg u/]df sfof{non]
tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ lnO{ k|ltlnlk lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lg/LIfsn] lbPsf] k|ltj]bgaf6 sDkgLsf] s'g} ;~rfns, k|aGw
;~rfns, k|aGws, sd{rf/L jf cGo s'g} kbflwsf/Ln] hfgL hfgL sDkgLnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL
k'¥ofPsf], z]o/wgL jf ;fx"x?nfO{ 7uL u/]sf], hfn;fh u/]sf] jf cGo s'g} u}/sfg"gL sfd u/]sf]
b]lvPdf k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sfof{non] To:tf] sDkgLsf] tkm{af6
lghx? lj?4 gfln; ph"/ ug{ sDkgLnfO{ cfb]z lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ o; Joj:yfn] sDkgL jf z]o/wgLnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd k|fKt cGo pkrf/ pk/
aGb]h nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] sfd ug]{ ;~rfns, k|aGw ;~rfns, k|aGws, sd{rf/L jf cGo
s'g} kbflwsf/Lsf] lhDdfdf sDkgLsf] sfd sf/afxL lbO/x“bf sDkgLnfO{ yk xflg gf]S;fgL x'g
;S5 eGg] nfu]df sfof{non] To:tf] ;~rfns, k|aGw ;~rfns, k|aGws, sd{rf/L jf kbflwsf/LnfO{
lgnDag u/L cGo pkfoåf/f sDkgLsf] Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ sDkgLnfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg
;Sg]5 .
-$_ k|df0f ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd
lg/LIfsn] k]z u/]sf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf] s'g} s'/f / ;f]df JoQm ul/Psf] tYo k|df0fsf] ?kdf
u|fXo x'g]5 .
!@%= hf“rsf] vr{ M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd sfof{non] hf“r u/fp“bf nfu]sf] vr{ ;DalGwt sDkgLn]
Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
85
t/ hf“r ubf{ sDkgLsf] s'g} ;~rfns, k|aGw ;~rfns, k|aGws, jf kbflwsf/Ln] ablgot,
wf]vf, hfn;fhL jf 7uL u/]sf] b]lvPdf To:tf] ;~rfns, k|aGw ;~rfns, k|aGws jf kbflwsf/Ln]
hf“r ;dfKt ePsf] ;ft lbgleq hf“rsf] vr{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+z adf]lhd ;DalGwt ;~rfns, k|aGw ;~rfns,
k|aGws, sd{rf/L jf JolQmn] hf“rsf] vr{ ga'emfPdf ;/sf/L af“sL;/x c;'n ul/g]5 .
-#_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd lgo'Qm lg/LIfsn] vr{sf] e'QmfgLsf ;DaGwdf cfgf] k|ltj]bgdf
;'emfj k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b–!)
sDkgLsf] :j]lR5s vf/]hL
!@^= C0f ltg{ ;Ifd sDkgLsf] vf/]hL -lnlSj8]zg_ M -!_ bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s sDkgLsf z]o/wgLx?n] ;fwf/0f ;efdf ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t
u/L jf k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf n]lvPsf Joj:yfx?sf cwLgdf /xL sDkgL
vf/]h -lnlSj8]zg_ ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-@_ b]xfosf] cj:yf ljBdfg ePdf o; P]g adf]lhd s'g} sDkgL vf/]h ug{ ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ k"0f{?kdf cfgf] C0f jf cGo bfloTj ltg{ sDkgL ;Ifd ePdf,
-v_ bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sDkgLsf] bfdf;fxL k'g/fjnf]]sg ;DaGwL
lgj]bg pk/ sf/afxL rln/x]sf] cj:yf g/x]df jf ;f] sDkgL s'g} klg k|sf/n]
bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g cGtu{t bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL sf/afxLdf kg]{ cj:yf
g/x]df,
-u_ pko'Qm 5fglag kZrft C0f tyf cGo bfloTjx? k"0f{ ?kdf e'QmfgL ug{ sDkgL
;Ifd 5 / To:tf] sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{ C0f tyf bfloTj ;f] sDkgL
vf/]h ug]{ k|:tfj kfl/t ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{leq r'Qmf ug{ jf cGo s'g} klg
k|lqmofaf6 k"0f{ ?kdf l5gf]kmfgf] ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] af/]df ;~rfnsx?n] lnlvt
pb\3f]if0f u/]sf] ePdf,
-3_ ;~rfnsn] v08 -u_ cg'';f/ u/]sf] lnlvt pb\3f]if0f To:tf] sDkgL vf/]h ug]{]
ljifodf 5nkmn ug]{ af/]df af]nfOPsf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf k]z u/]sf] jf ;f] ljifodf
;fwf/0f ;efdf 5nkmn x'“bf s} ;dodf To:tf] pb\3f]if0f u/]sf] ePdf .
86
-#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd sDkgL vf/]h ug]{ ;DaGwdf kfl/t ljz]if k|:tfj / ;~rfnsx?sf]
lnlvt pb\3f]if0fsf] Ps k|lt ;f] k|:tfj kfl/t ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq sfof{no ;dIf k]z ug'{
kg]{5 .
!@&= lnlSj8]6/ tyf n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm M -!_ bkmf !@^ adf]lhd sDkgL vf/]h ug]{ k|:tfj kfl/t
ubf{{ vf/]hL ;DaGwL sfd sf/afxL ;DkGg ug{ Pshgf lnlSj8]6/sf] lgo'lQm u/L To:tf] lnlSj8]6/n]
k|fKt ug]{ kfl/>lds tf]Sg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lnlSj8]6/ lgo'Qm ubf{ bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g cGtu{t
Ohfhtkq k|fKt u/]sf] Joj;foLnfO{ ug{' kg]{5 .
-#_ sDkgLn] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lnlSj8]6/ lgo'Qm u/]sf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq ;f]sf] ;"rgf
sfo{fnonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lnlSj8]6/ lgo'Qm ePkl5 sDkgLsf ;~rfns tyf kbflwsf/Lx?
cfgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5g\ / sDkgLsf] ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL sDkgLsf ;~rfns tyf
kbflwsf/Ln] k|of]u ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ lnlSj8]6/n] k|of]u ug]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lnlSj8]6/n] sDkgL ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg ug{ k|f/De u/] kl5
To:tf] sDkgLsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;]jf :jtM ;dfKt x'g]5 .
t/ lnlSj8]6/n] cfgf] ;xof]u / ;xfotfsf nflu cfjZos sd{rf/L sfod /fVg jf lgo'Qm
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ o; bkmf adf]lhd lgo'Qm lnlSj8]6/n] lgo'lQm ubf{sf avt tf]s]sf] ;dofjlwleq sDkgL
vf/]h ug]{ sfd k'/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ lgwf{l/t ;dofjlwleq sf/0faz vf/]h ug]{ sfd ;DkGg x'g g;s]df lgo'lQm ubf{sf]
k|lqmof cjnDag u/L dgfl;a Dofb yk ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lnlSj8]6/ lgo'Qm ubf{ o; P]gdf ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf /xL
Ps n]vfk/LIfs klg lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{5 .
♦-*_ o; P]g adf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf] lnlSj8]6/ bfdf;fxL Joj;foLsf] cfrf/;+lxtf,
sDkgLsf] lxt jf cGo k|rlnt sfg"g ljk/Lt sfd u/]df h'g k|lqmofaf6 lnlSj8]6/ lgo'lQm ePsf]
xf] ;f]xL k|lqmofaf6 lghnfO{ x6fpg' kg]{5 .
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
87
t/,
-!_ bfdf;fxL Joj;foLsf] cfrf/;+lxtf pNn+3g u/]sf]df To:tf] ;+lxtf nfu" ug]{
lgsfosf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-@_ To;/L x6fpg' cl3 lghnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;kmfO k]z ug]{ Ps df}sf lbg' kg]{5 .
-(_ o; P]g adf]lhd lgo'lQm ePsf] lnlSj8]6/ s'g} sf/0fjz ;f] kbdf sfod g/x]df h'g
k|lqmofaf6 lnlSj8]6/ lgo'Qm ePsf] xf] ;f]xL k|lqmofaf6 csf]{ lnlSj8]6/ lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!)_ s'g} JolQm Ps} ;dodf Ps eGbf a9L sDkgLsf] lnlSj8]6/ x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
!@*= bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd sDkgL vf/]hL ubf{ s'g}
JolQm vf/]h x'g] sDkgLsf] ;fx" xf] jf xf]Og eGg] s'/fsf] lgwf{/0f bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!@(= bfloTj e'QmfgL ug{ sDkgL c;Ifd ePdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{ M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd lnlSj8]6/n]
sDkgL vf/]hL ug]{ sfd sf/afxL k|f/De u/]kl5 sDkgL bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf] / ;f] sDkgLn] ltg'{ kg]{
C0f jf k'/f ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj e'Qmfg ug{ ;Q}mg eGg] s'/fdf lgh ;Gt'i6 ePdf bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sDkgLsf] bfdf;fxL k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
!#)= lnlSj8]6/n] sDkgLsf] ;DklQ cfgf] lhDdfdf lng ;Sg] M lnlSj8]6/n] o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd
cfgf] sfo{ k|f/De u/]kl5 sDkgLsf] ;DklQ, n]vf / ;Dk"0f{ clen]v tyf sfuhftx? cfgf] lhDdf
tyf lgoGq0fdf lng' kg]{5 .
!#!= lnlSj8]6/sf] clwsf/ / st{Jo M -!_ bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd lnlSj8]6/n] k|of]u
ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ / kfngf ug]{ st{Jo o; P]g cGtu{t lgo'Qm lnlSj8]6/n] cfjZos x]/km]/;lxt
-Do"6fl6; d'6flG8;_ k|of]u / kfngf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] ;j{dfGotfdf k|lts"n gx'g] u/L b]xfosf sfd sf/afxL ug'{ lnlSj8]6/sf]
st{Jo x'g]5 M–
-s_ lnlSj8]6/ lgo'Qm ePkl5sf] k|To]s 5 dlxgfdf sDkgL vf/]h ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf]
cfDbfgL tyf vr{sf] lx;fa tyf n]vf tof/ u/L sfof{no ;dIf k]z ug]{,
-v_ lnlSj8]6/ lgo'Qm ePkl5sf] k|To]s 5 dlxgfdf sDkgL vf/]h ug]{ ;DaGwL sfd
sf/afxLsf] k|ult ljj/0f sDkgLsf z]o/wgLx?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg],
-u_ sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 k|fKt ug'{ kg]{ ;DklQ jf c;'n ug'{ kg]{ ;a} /sd c;'n u/L
sDkgLsf] ;a} ;fx"x?sf] C0f tyf cGo bfloTj r'Qmf ug]{,
88
-3_ v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 z]o/wgLx?nfO{ sDkgLsf] af“sL ;DklQ
ljt/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL k|:tfljt k|ltj]bg tyf ljj/0f ;fwf/0f ;ef af]nfO{ z]o/wgLx?
;dIf k]z ug]{,
-ª_ v08 -3_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0fdf r'Qmf z]o/ k'“hLsf] sDtLdf krxQ/ k|ltzt z]o/
lng] z]o/wgLx?sf] d~h'/L ePdf ;f] adf]lhd z]o/wgLx?nfO{ /sd e'QmfgL ug]{,
-r_ vf/]hL ;DaGwL sfd sf/afxL k'/f ePkl5 sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 c;'n pk/ ul/Psf]
;DklQ, ;fx"nfO{ ul/Psf e'QmfgL / z]o/wgLx?nfO{ ul/Psf] ljt/0fx?sf ;DaGwdf
k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg;lxt sDkgL vf/]hL ePsf] Joxf]/f
k|dfl0ft u/L To:tf] k|ltj]bg sfof{no ;dIf k]z ug]{ .
!#@= sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]hL M -!_ bkmf !#! sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -r_ adf]lhd sDkgL vf/]h ePsf]
k|ltj]bg sfof{non] k|fKt u/]kl5 sfof{non] o; P]g adf]lhd To:tf] sDkgLsf] gfd sDkgL btf{
lstfaaf6 x6fO{ sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h ePsf] cfb]z hf/L ug]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h ePsf] cfb]z hf/L u/]kl5 sfof{non] To:tf]
sDkgLsf] gfd sDkgL btf{ lstfaaf6 x6fO{ To:tf] sDkgL lj36g ePsf] ;"rgf /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgs
klqsfdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
µ-#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s[/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL P]g, @)^#
adf]lhd lgo'Qm lnlSj8]6/n] s'g} sDkgL vf/]h ug{sf] nflu To:tf] sDkgLsf] vf/]hLsf] sfd
sf/afxL ;dfKt ePsf] Joxf]/f sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
µ-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] Joxf]/f k|fKt ePkl5 sfof{non] To:tf] sDkgL vf/]h ePsf]
clen]v ug]{5 / To;/L clen]v u/]kl5 To:tf] sDkgL vf/]h ePsf] dflgg]5 .
!##= ;fx" tyf z]o/wgLn] ph"/ ug{ ;Sg] M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd sDkgL vf/]hL ubf{ lnlSj8]6/sf] sfd
sf/afxLsf ;DaGwdf s'g} clgoldttf ePsf] egL sDkgLsf] s'g} ;fx'" jf z]o/wgLnfO{ nfu]df
To:tf] sfd sf/afxLsf lj?4df ;f]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] kGw| lbgleq To:tf ;fx" jf z]o/wgLn]
cbfnt ;dIf ph"/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
µ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^$ åf/f yk .
89
!#$= hfn;fhL jf 7uL u/]df sf/afxL ug]{ M sDkgLsf s'g} ;~rfns, sd{rf/L jf z]o/wgLn] sDkgLnfO{
hfn;fhL jf 7uL ug]{ sfo{ u/]sf] 5 eGg] lnlSj8]6/nfO{ nfu]df k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd To:tf]
JolQmsf] lj?4df lnlSj8]6/n] cfjZos sfg"gL sf/afxL rnfpg ;Sg]5 .
!#%= ;'/lIft ;fx"x?sf] clwsf/df s'g} c;/ gkg]{ M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd sDkgL vf/]hL ;DaGwL
sf/afxL k|f/De ePsf]df sDkgLsf] ;DklQ lwtf]df lnO{ C0f lbg] ;'/lIft ;fx"x?n] k|rlnt sfg"g
cGt{ut lwtf] /x]sf] ;DklQ rng rnfpg] jf cGo lsl;dn] Joj:yf ug{ kfpg] clwsf/df s'g}
lsl;dn] c;/ kf/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
kl/R5]b–!!
sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h
!#^= sfof{non] btf{ vf/]h ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf sfof{non] sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h ug{ ;Sg]5
M–
-s_ sDkgLsf ;+:yfksn] sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/ z'? ug{ g;s]sf] sf/0f b]vfO{ sDkgLsf]
btf{ vf/]h u/L kfpg tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ ;lxt lgj]bg lbPdf,
-v_ nuftf/ tLg cfly{s jif{;Dd bkmf *) adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f k]z gu/]df jf bkmf *!
adf]lhdsf] hl/afgf glt/]df, jf
-u_ sDkgL k|zf;gsf] l;nl;nfdf k|fKt ;a'tsf] cfwf/df sDkgLn] cfgf] sf/f]af/
;~rfng u/]sf] 5}g jf sDkgL ;~rfngdf 5}g egL sfof{{nonfO{ ljZjf; x'g ;Sg]
dgfl;j cfwf/ ePdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h ug'{ k/]df ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ btf{ vf/]h
ug'{cl3 sfo{fnon] ;DalGwt sDkgLnfO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd sDkgLnfO{ ;"rgf k7fp“bf sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{no, To:tf]
sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{nosf] 7]ufgf sfof{nodf btf{ gu/fPsf] eP jf btf{ u/fPsf] 7]ufgfdf
sDkgLsf] sfof{no g/x]sf] eP To:tf] sDkgLsf] kbflwsf/LnfO{ / To:tf] kbflwsf/Lsf] 7]ufgf klg
sfof{nonfO{ k|fKt gePdf jf km]nf gk/]df sDkgLsf] k|aGwkqdf pNn]v ul/Psf] k|To]s ;+:yfkssf]
7]ufgfdf ;"rgf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lbPsf] ;"rgf cfjZostf cg';f/ /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf
;d]t k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
90
-%_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd sDkgLn] ;"rgf k|fKt u/]sf] ldltaf6 b'O{ dlxgfleq sDkgLsf] btf{
vf/]h x'g' gkg]{ sf/0f v'nfO{ lgj]bg glbPdf jf lbPsf] ePklg ;f] sf/0f dgfl;a gePdf To:tf]
sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h x'g ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h ePsf]df ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt
;~rfnsx?nfO{ lbO{ /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf ;d]t k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h ePdf To:tf] sDkgLsf] s'g} lsl;dsf] bfloTj
/x]5 eg] To:tf] sDkgLsf] kbflwsf/L jf z]o/wgLsf] bfloTj sfod g} /xg]5 / To:tf] bfloTj k'/f
ug{ u/fpg lghx? lj?4 cfjZos sfg"gL sf/afxL rnfpg o; bkmfsf s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
-*_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd btf{ vf/]h x'“bfsf avt sDkgLsf] gfp“df /x]sf] ;DklQ, clwsf/,
;'ljwf jf bfloTj lghx?n] lnPsf] z]o/sf] cg'kftdf o;sf z]o/wgLsf] gfddf ;g]{5 .
t/ sDkgLn] cGo s'g} JolQmsf] 6«i6Lsf] ?kdf u|x0f u/]sf] ;DklQ z]o/wgLsf] xs tyf
:jfldTjdf ;g]{] 5}g .
-(_ o; bkmf cg';f/ btf{ vf/]h ePsf] sDkgLn] a'emfpg' kg]{ s'g} C0f jf k'/f ug'{ kg]{
bfloTj pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd z]o/wgLsf] gfddf ;/]sf] ;DklQ, clwsf/ jf ;'ljwfaf6 k'/f x'g
g;s]df af“sL /x]sf] C0f jf bfloTj To:tf] sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkgdf ;+nUg /xL pkbkmf -!_ df
plNnlvt kl/l:yltsf] l;h{gf ug]{ u/fpg] s'/fdf lhDd]jf/ /x]sf z]o/wgL, ;~rfns jf
kbflwsf/Ln] JolQmut ?kdf Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
-!)_ o; bkmf adf]lhd btf{ vf/]h ePsf] sDkgLn] ;f]xL sDkgLsf] gfdaf6 s'g} sf/f]af/
ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
-!!_ o; bkmf adf]lhd s'g} sDkgL vf/]h ePkl5 ;f] sDkgL vf/]h ubf{ nfu]sf] vr{
sfof{non] s6fO{ s'g} ;DklQ af“sL /xg] eP To:tf] ;DklQ dfq z]o/jfnfnfO{ lkmtf{ ug]{5 .
♦!#^s= sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h ;DalGw ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]]lvPsf] eP
tfklg of] bkmf k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt sf/f]af/ ;~rfng gu/]sf] jf ;~rfngdf g/x]sf], bkmf *)
adf]lhd ljj/0f k]z gu/]sf] jf bkmf *! adf]lhd nfu]sf] hl/afgf ga'emfPsf] sDkgLn] of] bkmf
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
91
k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq btf{ vf/]h ug{ rfx]df To:tf] sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 lg0f{o
u/L sfof{no ;dIf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg;fy bkmf *) adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f ;lxt bkmf *! adf]lhd
nfUg] hl/afgf /sd jf sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k'FhLsf] z'Go bzdnj kfFr k|ltztn] x'g cfpg] /sddWo]
h'g sd x'G5 ;f] /sd ;d]t ;+nUg u/L a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]df sfof{non] bkmf !#^ adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L To:tf]
sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd sDkgL vf/]h ePdf To:tf] sDkgLsf] bfloTj ;DaGwL Joj:yf bkmf
!#^ adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!#&= btf{ vf/]h ePsf] sDkgLsf] btf{ k'g:yf{kgf M -!_ bkmf !#^ sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd s'g} sDkgLsf]
btf{ vf/]h ePsf] cj:yfdf ;f] sDkgL jf To;sf z]o/wgL jf ;fx"n] ;f] sDkgL vf/]h ePsf]
;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] kf“r jif{leq ;f] sDkgL k'g:yf{kgf ug{ cbfnt ;dIf sf/0f v'nfO{
lgj]bg lbPdf b]xfosf] cj:yfdf cbfntn] ;f] sDkgLsf] k'g:yf{kgf u/L To;sf] gfd sDkgL btf{
lstfadf k'g:yf{kgf ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ ;f] sDkgLn] cfgf] sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/L /x]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] sDkgLsf] btf{
vf/]h ePsf] b]lvPdf,
-v_ sDkgLsf] hfoh]yf / bfloTjsf] ;d'lrt Joj:yf ug{ To:tf] sDkgLsf] gfd k'g:yf{kgf
ug{ cbfntn] Gofof]lrt b]v]df .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cbfntsf] cfb]zaf6 sDkgL k'g:yf{lkt ePdf ;f] sDkgL btf{ ePsf]
ldltb]lv g} cl:tTjdf /x]sf] dflgg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfb]z hf/L ubf{ sDkgL / cGo ;a} JolQmx?nfO{ sDkgLsf] btf{
vf/]h g} gePsf] ;/x oyfl:yltdf Nofpgsf] nflu cbfntn] pko'Qm 7fg]sf] cfb]z hf/L ug{ tyf
cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sDkgL k'g:yf{lkt ePsf]df bkmf *! adf]lhdsf] hl/afgf a'emfpg'
kg]{ eP ;f] hl/afgf sfof{nonfO{ a'emfP kl5 dfq sDkgL k'g:yf{kgf u/L sDkgL btf{ lstfadf
k'gM gfd btf{ x'g]5 .
-%_ bkmf !#^ adf]lhd btf{ vf/]h ePsf] sDkgL o; bkmf adf]lhd k'g:yf{kgf ePdf To:tf]
sDkgLn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ lkmtf{ kfpg]5 M–
92
-s_ sDkgL btf{ vf/]h ePsf] sf/0fn] bkmf !#^ sf] pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd sDkgLsf
z]o/wgLsf] x}l;otn] k|fKt u/]sf] ;DklQ,
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ a]r lavg eO{ ;s]sf] eP ;f] a]r lavg u/]sf]
cj:yfdf k|fKt x'g uPsf] /sd .
t/ ;fx"sf] C0f jf bfloTj e'Qmfg ug{ vr{ eO;s]sf] ;DklQ jf /sd lkmtf{
x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
kl/R5]b–!@
z]o/wgLsf] ;+/If0f
!#*= cgflwsf/ sfo{ ug{af6 ;~rfns tyf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ /f]Sg ;lsg]] M -!_ s'g} ;~rfns jf
kbflwsf/Ln] cfgf] clwsf/If]q gf3L sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 s'g} sfd u/]df ;f] pk/ /f]s nufpg
To:tf] sDkgLsf] z]o/wgLn] cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
t/ sDkgLn] ul/;s]sf] sfd sf/afxLaf6 l;h{gf ePsf] bfloTj kfngf ug]{ ;DaGwdf ul/Psf]
jf ug{ nfluPsf] sfd sf/afxLsf ;DaGwdf o; bkmf cg';f/ lgj]bg lbg ;lsg] 5}g .
-@_ s'g} sDkgLsf] ;DaGwdf sfof{non] bkmf !@$ adf]lhd k|fKt u/]sf] k|ltj]bgaf6 To:tf]
sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/ ;f] sDkgLsf s'g} jf ;a} jf s'g} vf; ju{ jf ;d"xsf z]o/wgLx?sf] xs lxt
ljk/Lt x'g] u/L ;~rfng x'g ;Sg] jf ;~rfng ul/Psf] jf sDkgLn] u/]sf] jf ug{ nfu]sf] s'g}
sfo{ jf sDkgLn] ug'{ kg]{ s'g} sfo{ gu/]sf] sf/0faf6 To:tf z]o/wgLx?sf] clxt ePsf] jf clxt
x'g]5 eGg] s'/f sfof{nonfO{ nfu]df sfof{non] To:tf] sDkgL jf To;sf ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/Lsf
lj?4 cbfntdf ph"/L lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k|fKt ePdf cbfntn] ;DalGwt sDkgL jf To;sf
;~rfns jf kbflwsf/L a'emL pko'Qm cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
!#(= z]o/wgLx?sf] xs lxtlj?4 ePsf] sfd sf/afxLsf] pkrf/ M -!_ sDkgLsf s'g} z]o/wgLsf] xs
lxtlj?4 x'g] u/L sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ePsf] jf x'g nfu]sf] jf sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 ul/Psf]
jf ug{ nfluPsf] s'g} sfd jf sDkgLn] ug'{ kg]{ s'g} sfd gu/]sf] sf/0faf6 s'g} z]o/wgLsf] xs
lxt ljk/Lt sfd ePsf] jf x'g ;Sg] ;+efjgfsf] cfwf/df s'g} z]o/wgLn] pko'Qm cfb]zsf] nflu
cbfntdf ph"/L lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg ubf{ To:tf] lgj]bg ug]{ z]o/wgLn] sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkg /
lgoGq0f ug]{ ;~rfns, k|aGw ;~rfns, k|aGws jf s'g} kbflwsf/Ln] k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnL jf
93
;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfsf] alv{nfk u/L ablgot;fy jf cg'lrt e]befj u/]sf] jf ug{ nfu]sf] 5 egL
k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k|fKt ePdf cbfntn] ;DalGwt sDkgL, ;~rfns jf
kbflwsf/L a'emL lgj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf] bfaL lhls/ cfwf/o'Qm ePsf] b]lvPdf ;f]sf] pkrf/ k|bfg
ug{ sDkgLsf] gfddf cbfntn] plrt 7fg] adf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd cfb]z hf/L ubf{ ;f] pkbkmfsf] ;j{dfGotfdf k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{
u/L k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cbfntn]
b]xfosf] cfb]z ;d]t hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ s'g} jf ;a} z]o/wgLsf] xs lxtlj?4 ePsf sfd sf/afxL /f]sL eljiodf sDkgLsf]
sf/f]af/ /Ltk"j{s ;~rfng ug]{,
-v_ sDkgLn] ul//x]sf] jf ug{ nfu]sf] s'g} sfd sf/afxL /f]Sg] jf sDkgLn] gu/]sf] jf
gug]{ ePsf] s'g} sfo{ ug{ nufpg],
-u_ sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 cbfntn] lgb]{zg lbP adf]lhd s;}sf] lj?4 b]jfgL d'2f rnfpg
nufpg],
-3_ o; P]gsf] sfo{ljlw k'/f u/L sDkgLsf] k'“hL 36fO{ s'g} z]o/wgLsf] z]o/ vl/b
u/L /sd lkmtf{ ug{ nufpg],
-ª_ s'g} z]o/wgLnfO{ e]befj ul/Paf6 lghnfO{ x'g uPsf] xflg gf]S;fgL sDkgLaf6 jf
To:tf] e]befj ug]{af6 e/fO lbg],
-r_ sDkgL vf/]h ug{],
-5_ sDkgLsf] s'g} z]o/wgLsf] gfddf /x]sf] z]o/ sDkgLsf] csf]{ z]o/wgL jf sDkgL
cfkm}nfO{ vl/b ug{ nufpg],
-h_ sDkgL jf o;sf z]o/wgLnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/Laf6
xflg gf]S;fgL e/fpg],
-em_ sDkgL cfkm}n] z]o/ vl/b ug]{ ePdf To:tf] sDkgLn] z]o/ k'“hL 36fpg] ;DaGwdf
ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L z]o/ k'“hL 36fPsf] ;/x dfgL To:tf] sDkgLsf] z]o/ k'“hL
36fpg] cfb]z lbg] / ;f] sf/0faf6 sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf ;+zf]wg
ug{' kg]{ ePdf cfjZos ;+zf]wg ug{ ;d]t cGo pko'Qm cfb]z lbg] .
94
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sDkgL jf To;sf ;~rfns jf
sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkg jf lgoGq0f ug]{ JolQmn] jf To;sf sd{rf/Ln] s'g} ug'{ kg]{ sfd gu/]sf] jf
gug'{ kg]{ sfd u/]sf] sf/0faf6 jf cGo s'g} lsl;dn] e]befjk"0f{ Jojxf/ u/]sf] sf/0faf6 xflg,
gf]S;fgL ePsf] JolQmn] kfpg] pkrf/ o; bkmf adf]lhd dfq ;Lldt ePsf] dflgg] 5}g / To:tf]
JolQmn] cGo k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd pknAw pkrf/ kfpg cfgf] jf cGo z]o/wgLsf] xsdf
;d]t JolQmut jf ;fd"lxs ?kdf sf/afxL rnfpg ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd ;fd"lxs pkrf/ dfu ul/Psf] eP cbfntn] To; ju{sf] s'g} jf
;a} z]o/wgLx?af6 cfjZos s'/f a'emL jf ga'emL pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-&_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} jf ;a} z]o/wgLsf] xs lxt
;+/If0f ug{ sDkgLn] cfgf] k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf s'g} ;+zf]wg ug{ gkfpg] u/L jf s'g} vf;
ljifodf ;+zf]wg ug'{ kg]{ u/L cbfntn] cfb]z lbPsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] cj:yfdf ;f] cbfntsf] k"j{
:jLs[lt ljgf k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf s'g} ;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd cbfntsf] cfb]zn] jf ;f] cfb]z cg';f/ sDkgLn] cfgf] k|aGwkq
jf lgodfjnLdf s'g} ;+zf]wg u/]sf]] eP To:tf] ;+zf]wgnfO{ sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] ljz]if
k|:tfjåf/f kfl/t u/]sf] ;+zf]wg;/x dflgg]5 .
-(_ cbfntn] o; bkmf adf]lhd lbPsf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cfb]znfO{ sfof{non] sDkgLsf] btf{
lstfadf btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ sDkgLsf] z]o/ k'“hL 36fpgsf nflu lbPsf] cfb]z,
-v_ sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf ;+zf]wg x'g] u/L lbPsf] cfb]z .
-!)_ sDkgLsf] z]o/wgLsf] ?kdf btf{ eO{ g;s]sf] t/ sfg"gL k|lqmofaf6 lghsf] gfddf
z]o/ gfd;f/L eO{ cfPsf] JolQmsf ;DaGwdf ;d]t sDkgLsf cGo z]o/wgLx? ;/x of] bkmfsf]
Joj:yf nfu" x'g]5 .
!$)= sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 z]o/wgLn] d'2f ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ sDkgLsf] s'g} xs lxt k|rng u/fpg sDkgLn]
o;sf] s'g} ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tf adf]lhd sDkgL lgoGq0f ug]{ z]o/wgLx?
jf s'g} JolQmsf] lj?4df cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;DalGwt sDkgLn] d'2f grnfPdf sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k'“hLsf] ;f9] b'O{
k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf] s'g} z]o/wgLn] PSn} jf kf“r k|ltzt z]o/ k'Ug] PseGbf
a9L z]o/wgLx? ldnL sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 To:tf] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/L jf sDkgL lgoGq0f ug]{
JolQm jf cGo s'g} JolQmsf] lj?4 cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
95
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd z]o/wgLn] d'2f bfo/ ubf{ sDkgLn] :jo+ d'2f rnfcf];\ egL lghn]
s] s:tf] k|of; u/]sf] lyof] ;f] s'/f pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd d'2f bfo/ ePdf cbfntn] ;f] d'2f z]o/wgLn] g} rnfO{ /xg' pko'Qm
x'G5 jf sDkgLnfO{ ;sf/ u/fpg' pko'Qm x'G5 eGg] 7x/ u/L sDkgLnfO{ ;sf/ u/fpg' pko'Qm
b]lvPdf sDkgLnfO{ ;sf/ ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd bfo/ ul/Psf] d'2f Psk6s bfo/ eO{ ;s]kl5 vf/]hL x'g
jf cbfntn] tf]s]sf] zt{x? ;dflji6 ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s ldnfkq x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
-^_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd bfo/ ePsf] d'2f km};nf x'“bf ph"/jfnf z]o/wgLsf] bfaL k'Ug]
7x/]df To:tf] d'2f rnfpg lghn] ug'{ k/]sf] vr{sf]] /sd / sfg"g Joj;foLsf] ;]jfafkt ePsf]
dgfl;j vr{;d]t sDkgLn] ;f]wegf{ ul/lbg' kg]{5 . bfaL gk'Ug] 7x/]df d'2f k|lt/Iff ubf{ k|ltjfbLn]
Joxf]g'{ k/]sf] vr{dWo] cbfntn] pko'Qm 7x/fPsf] /sd ph"/jfnf z]o/wgLaf6 ;f]wegf{ lbnfO{ lbg'
kg]{5 .
!$!= ;DklQsf] k|flKt jf laqmL M -!_ s'g} klAns sDkgL jf ;f]sf] ;xfos sDkgLn] s'g} ;DklQ vl/b
jf laqmL ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g] ePdf ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L sfof{nonfO{ u/fpg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ s'g} ;DklQ vl/b u/]sf] sf/0faf6 n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] kl5Nnf] jflif{s cfly{s
ljj/0fdf pNn]v ePsf] cfgf] ;DklQ jf Psd'i6 -sG;f]ln8]6]8_ ;DklQsf] d"No
kGw| k|ltzteGbf a9Ln] a[l4 ePdf,
-v_ laqmL ug{ nfu]sf] jf laqmL u/]sf] ;DklQaf6 x'g] cfDbfgL ;f] sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIf0f
ePsf] kl5Nnf] lx;fa lstfadf pNn]v ul/Psf] s/ ltg'{eGbf cufl8sf] sDkgLsf]
Psd'i6 -sG;f]ln8]6]8_ cfDbfgLsf] kGw| k|ltzteGbf a9L x'g] ePdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sfof{nonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fp“bf b]xfosf s'/fx? v'nfpg' kg]{5 /
To:tf s'/fx? sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/sf ;DaGwdf ;d]t nfu" x'g] eP ;f] s'/f ;~rfns ;ldltsf]
k|ltj]bgdf ;d]t b]vfpg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ sf/f]af/sf] ldlt / sf/f]af/df ;+nUg kIfx?,
-v_ ;DklQsf] k|s[lt af/]sf] ljj/0f / To:tf] ;DklQleq k"/} jf cf+lzs ?kdf s'g} cGo
sDkgLn] hf/L u/]sf] z]o/ klg kg]{ eP To:tf] z]o/ hf/L ug]{ sDkgLsf] gfd tyf
To:tf] sDkgLn] ug]{ Jofj;flos sf/f]af/sf] k|s[lt,
-u_ sf/f]af/sf] /sd / sf/f]af/sf cGo zt{x?,
96
-3_ ;DklQ vl/b jf laqmL ubf{ ;DklQsf] d"Nof°gsf] nflu cjnDag ul/Psf cfwf/x?,
-ª_ s'g} ;DklQ laqmL ul/Psf] eP ;DklQsf] laqmLaf6 k|fKt /sd To:tf] ;DklQsf]
;|]:tfdf b]vfOPsf] d"NoeGbf a9L jf 36L s] 5 ;f] s'/f .
kl/R5]b–!#
d'Vo / ;xfos sDkgLx?
!$@= ;xfos sDkgL dfly lgoGq0f M -!_ d'Vo sDkgLn] cfgf] ;xfos sDkgLnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd
lgoGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] u7gdf k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf lgoGq0f /fv]/,
-v_ sDkgLsf] ax'dt z]o/ u|x0f u/]/ .
-@_ s'g} Ps sDkgL cGo s'g} ;xfos sDkgLsf] ;xfos sDkgL ePdf klxnf] sDkgL kl5Nnf]
sDkgLnfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ d'Vo sDkgLsf] klg ;xfos sDkgL x'g]5 .
-#_ sDkgLsf] z]o/ d'Vo sDkgL jf To;sf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 s'g} k|ltlglwn] u|x0f
u/]sf] jf To:tf] sDkgLsf] ;~rfns lgo'Qm ug]{ clwsf/ d'Vo sDkgL jf To;sf] ;xfos sDkgLsf]
tkm{af6 dgf]gLt s'g} JolQmn] ug]{ eP tfklg pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvPsf cj:yfx?sf] kl/k"lt{ ePsf]
dflgg]5 .
t/ d'Vo sDkgL / ;xfos sDkgL lgwf{/0f ubf{ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf sAhf ul/Psf] z]o/nfO{
o; k|of]hgsf nflu dfGotf lbOg] 5}g M–
-!_ s'g} sDkgLn] C0fkq lnPsf] jf C0fkq hf/L ug]{ 6«i6 lnvtsf] cfwf/df s'g} clwsf/
k|of]u ug{ kfpg] ePsf] jf z]o/ u|x0f u/]sf] ePdf,
-@_ C0f lbg] sDkgLn] ;'/If0fsf] ?kdf z]o/ u|x0f u/]sf] ePdf .
!$#= sfuhft ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ d'Vo sDkgLn] cfgf] jf;nftdf ;xfos sDkgLsf b]xfo adf]lhdsf
sfuhftx? ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ ;xfos sDkgLsf] tTsfn ;dfKt ePsf] cfly{s jif{sf] jflif{s lx;fasf] Ps k|lt /
;f] cjlwsf] To:tf] sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg,
-v_ n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg,
-u_ cfly{s jif{sf] cGtdf ;xfos sDkgLdf /x]sf] d'Vo sDkgLsf] nufgLsf] ljj/0f,
97
-3_ d'Vo sDkgL / ;xfos sDkgLsf] cfly{s jif{ a]Unfa]Un} ePdf To:tf] leGg
cjlwleqdf ;xfos sDkgL dfly /x]sf] d'Vo sDkgLsf] xs s'g} k|sf/n] kl/jt{g
ePsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] s'/f .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgdf ;xfos sDkgLsf] ;DalGwt cfly{s
jif{df ePsf] gf]S;fgx? s6fO{ af“sL /x]sf] v'b d'gfkmf / ;f] sDkgL ;xfos sDkgL ePb]lv
sDkgLsf] lx;fa lstfadf pNn]v gul/Psf] t/ d'Vo sDkgLsf] z]o/wgLx?nfO{ ;/f]sf/ x'g] gfkmf
gf]S;fg ;d]t pNn]v ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ s'g} sf/0fjz d'Vo sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ / pkbkmf -
@_ df plNnlvt hfgsf/L xfl;n ug{ g;s]df d'Vo sDkgLsf] jf;nftdf ;f] s'/fsf] lnlvt k|ltj]bg
;dfj]z u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0fdf ;xfos sDkgLsf] crn hfoh]yf lwtf]
/fvL lnPsf] C0f jf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] bfloTj k'/f ug{afx]s c? s'g} sfdsf] nflu lnPsf]
C0f;d]t b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
!$$= d'Vo sDkgLdf nufgL ug{ gx'g] M ;xfos sDkgLn] d'Vo sDkgLsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ vl/b ug{
jf cGo lsl;dn] d'Vo sDkgLdf nufgL ug{ x'“b}g .
kl/R5]b–!$
k|fOe]6 sDkgL ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf
!$%= ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tf M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;j{;Ddt
;Demf}tfdf b]xfosf s'/fx?sf] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkg, Joj;fo / sf/f]af/,
-v_ z]o/ x:tfGt/0fdf s'g} aGb]h eP ;f] s'/f,
-u_ s'g} lglZrt jf cfsl:ds 36gf jf :j]R5fn] Ps jf PseGbf a9L z]o/wgLx?n]
sDkgL vf/]h ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/,
-3_ dtbfgsf] clwsf/sf] ljefhg jf k|of]u,
-ª_ sDkgLsf] kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L, sfdbf/sf] lgo'lQmsf zt{x?,
-r_ sDkgLsf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf clGtd lhDd]jf/L jxg ug]{ JolQm jf sfo{sf/L
k|d'v sf] x'g] eGg] s'/fx?,
98
-5_ nfef+zsf] e'QmfgL jf af“8kmf“8sf] tl/sf,
-h_ ;~rfns ;ldlt g/xg] s'/f,
-em_ ;~rfns ;ldlt g/xg] xf] eg] o; P]g adf]lhd ;~rfns ;ldltn] ug'{ kg]{ sfd
s;n] ug{] xf] ;f] s'/f,
-`_ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ug'{ gkg]{ eP ;f] ;DaGwL Joj:yf,
-6_ z]o/sf lsl;d / km/s clwsf/ ePsf z]o/sf] Joj:yf eP ;f] s'/f .
♦-7_ sDkgLsf] ;~rfng, Joj:yfkg, z]o/wgLnfO{ k|fKt dtflwsf/ jf cGo s'g} ljz]if
;x'lnot, clwsf/ jf z]o/wgLaLrsf] cfk;L ;DaGw ;DaGwL ljifo .
-@_ ;Demf}tfsf ;a} kIfx?sf] lnlvt ;xdltaf6 ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf ;+zf]wg x'g ;Sg]5 .
-#_ ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tf ;DkGg eO;s]kl5 b]xfo adf]lhd u/L z]o/ k|fKt ug]{ z]o/wgLn] ;f]
;Demf}tfdf ;xdlt hgfPsf] / ;f]sf] kIf ePsf] dflgg]5 M–
-s_ bfg as;af6 z]o/ kfPsf] ePdf,
-v_ cGo s'g} tj/af6 z]o/ k|fKt u/]sf]df ;f] z]o/ k|fKt u/]sf avt To:tf] ;Demf}tf
/x]sf] hfgsf/L ePdf .
!$^= z]o/wgLsf] lx;fa lstfa lg/LIf0f ug]{ clwsf/ M -!_ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf z]o/wgL jf lghsf]
k|ltlglwn] sfof{no ;doleq sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/;“u ;DalGwt b]xfosf sfuhft jf clen]vsf]
lg/LIf0f ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ ;fwf/0f ;ef / ;~rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{o k'l:tsf,
-v_ jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f,
-u_ z]o/ btf{ lstfa, /
-3_ sDkgLsf] n]vf .
-@_ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/Ln] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf sfuhft tyf
clen]vx? z]o/wgLx?n] lg/LIf0f ug{ kfpg] u/L kof{Kt Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
99
!$&= sf/f]af/sf] ljj/0f M -!_ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] z]o/wgLn] sDkgLaf6 s'g} cfly{s jif{sf] sDkgLsf]
sf/f]af/sf] ljj/0f dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ljj/0f dfu ePsf] kGw| lbgleqdf sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;~rfns,
k|aGw ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/Ln] k|dfl0ft jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f ;dfj]z ePsf] ljj/0f pknAw
u/fpg' kg]{5 .
!$*= jflif{s ;fwf/0f;ef ug{' gkg]{ M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} k|fOe]6
sDkgLsf z]o/wgLx?aLr ePsf] ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf sDkgLsf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef gug]{ s'/f
pNn]v ePsf] /x]5 eg] ;f] ;Demf}tfsf] cjlwe/ To:tf] k|fOe]6 sDkgLn] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ug'{
kg]{ 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef gug]{ u/L ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tf ePsf]df sDkgLn]
o; P]g adf]lhd ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{ ljifodf lg0f{o ug]{ sfo{ljlw tyf lg0f{o ug]{
clVtof/sf] af/]df klg Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
!$(= k|fOe]6 sDkgLn] lnlvt k|:tfj kfl/t ug]{ M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s s'g} k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efåf/f ljz]if
k|:tfj nufot cGo s'g} k|:tfj kfl/t u/L jf s'g} vf; ju{sf z]o/wgLx?sf] ;efaf6 kfl/t u/L
ug{ ;lsg] s'g} klg sfd sf/afxL h'g ldltdf To:tf] k|:tfj kfl/t ul/Psf] dflgg] xf] ;f]xL ldltdf
;f] k|:tfj pk/ 5nkmn x'“bf dtbfg ug{ kfpg] sDtLdf krxQ/ k|ltzt z]o/sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{
;a} z]o/wgLn] x:tfIf/ u/]sf] lnlvt k|:tfj ePdf ;f]xL lnvtaf6 To:tf] sfd sf/afxL ug{
;lsg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu sf/0faz 5'§f5'§} lnlvt k|:tfj clen]v ul/Psf]df
To:tf ;a} lnvtsf] Joxf]/f Ps} k|sf/sf] ePdf ;a} z]o/wgLx?n] Pp6} lnvtdf ;xL ug'{ cfjZos
kg]{ 5}g / k|To]s z]o/wgLn] 5'§f5'§} lnvtdf ;xL u/]sf] eP tfklg Pp6} lnlvt k|:tfjdf ;xL
ePsf] dfgL To:tf] lnvt dfGo x'g]5 .
-#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd lnlvt k|:tfjdf ;xL ug]{ k|To]s z]o/wgLn] ;f] k|:tfjdf cfk"mn] ;xL
u/]sf] ldlt v'nfpg' kg]{5 / ;a}eGbf kl5Nnf] ldltdf ;xL ug]{ z]o/wgLn] ;xL u/]sf] ldltnfO{
k|:tfj kfl/t ePsf] ldlt dflgg]5 .
-$_ s'g} lnlvt k|:tfjdf ;+nUg ul/Psf] lnvt ;f] k|:tfjdf ;xL ug]{ z]o/wgLx?sf] ;efdf
k]z ul/Psf] ;/x dflgg]5 .
100
-%_ o; bkmf adf]lhd :jLs[t ul/Psf] k|:tfjnfO{ sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef jf s'g} vf;
;d"xsf z]o/wgLx?sf] ;efjf6 kfl/t ePsf] lg0f{o ;/x h'g;'s} k|of]hgsf nflu dfGotf lbOg]5 .
!%)= ;fwf/0f ;efdf efu lnPsf] dflgg] M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s s'g} k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] s'g} z]o/wgLn] s'g}
klg ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 ;a} z]o/wgLx?;“u ;~rf/ ;Dks{ u/L k|To]s z]o/wgLn] af]n]sf] s'/f cGo
z]o/wgLx?n] ;'Gg jf k9\g ;Sg] u/L csf]{ z]]o/wgL;“usf] ;~rf/ ;Dks{df ;xefuL ePdf To;/L
;~rf/ ;Dks{df ;xefuL x'g] k|To]s z]o/wgLn] cGo z]o/wgL;“u ;fwf/0f ;efdf efu lnPsf]
dflgg]5 .
-@_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;fwf/0f ;ef ePsf] tLg dlxgfleq
s'g} z]o/wgLn] ;fwf/0f ;efdf efu glnPsf] s'/f sfof{nodf tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ ;lxt ph"/L lgj]bg
lbPdf sfof{non] ;DalGwt sDkgL a'‰g' kg]{5 / To;/L sDkgL a'‰bf ;f] sDkgLn] ph"/jfnf
z]o/wgLn] To:tf] ;efdf efu lnPsf] k|dfl0ft ug{ g;s]df ;f] ;efn] u/]sf] lg0f{o dfGo x'g] 5}g .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;~rfng ePsf] z]o/wgLx?sf] ;ef ;f] ;efsf] cWoIf pkl:yt
/x]sf] :yfgdf ;~rfng ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-$_ sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] ;DaGwdf dfGo x'g] pkbkmf -!_, -@_ jf -#_ sf] Joj:yf
cfjZos x]/km]/ ;lxt o:tf sDkgLsf] ;~rfns jf ;~rfnsx?sf] pk;ldltsf] a}7ssf] ;DaGwdf
klg nfu" x'g]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DkGg ePkl5 ;f] ;efdf ePsf] sfd sf/afxL tyf
lg0f{osf] ljj/0f jflif{s ?kdf tof/ u/L ;f] ;efsf] cWoIfn] k|dfl0ft u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
!%!= tf]lsPsf sf/f]af/ ug]{ sDkgLnfO{ ljz]if 5'6 M g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg
u/L tf]lsPsf] /sd;Ddsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ k|fOe]6 sDkgLn] kl/R5]b–* sf] Joj:yf kfngf ug'{ gkg]{
u/L 5'6 lbg ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b–!%
Psn z]o/wgL ePsf] sDkgL ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!%@= Psn z]o/wgL ePsf] sDkgLn] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s tyf ;fwf/0f ;ef af]nfpg' gkg]{ M o;
P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Psn z]o/wgL ePsf] sDkgLn] lgodfjnLdf cGoyf
Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldlt jf ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 ug'{ kg]{ elgPsf] ;Dk"0f{
101
sfd sf/afxL tyf lg0f{o To:tf] z]o/wgLsf] lnlvt lg0f{o cg';f/ x'g]5 / To;sf] nflu ;~rfns
;ldltsf] a}7s jf ;fwf/0f ;ef af]nfpg' kg]{ 5}g .
!%#= Psn z]o/wgL ePsf] sDkgLsf] z]o/ x:tfGt/0f tyf bflvn vf/]h M -!_ Psn z]o/wgL ePsf]
sDkgLsf] z]o/wgLsf] d[To' ePdf lghsf] xsbf/ jf lghsf] z]o/df xs k|fKt ug]{ JolQmn]
z]o/wgLsf] xs k|fKt ug]{5 / lghn] z]o/ x:tfGt/0f tyf bflvn vf/]h ug]{ nufot o; P]g
cg';f/ Psn z]o/wgLn] ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ug]{5 . o;/L xs k|fKt ug]{ JolQmn] z]o/ x:tfGt/0f /
bflvn vf/]hsf] lg0f{o ubf{ lnlvt ?kdf ug{' kg]{5 .
t/ To:tf] z]o/wgLsf] s'g} xsjfnf km]nf gk/] sfof{non] lnlSj8]6/ lgo'Qm u/L k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd sDkgL vf/]h ug]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd z]o/df xs k|fKt ug]{ JolQmn] To:tf] xs k|fKt ePsf] Ps dlxgfleq
;f] s'/fsf] k|df0f;lxt sfof{nonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePkl5 sfof{non] tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ lnO{ ;f] hfgsf/L
clen]v ul/Psf] Joxf]/f z]o/df xs k|fKt ug]{ JolQmnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd z]o/df xs k|fKt ug]{ JolQm PseGbf a9L ePdf cGo xsbf/n]
PshgfnfO{ dfq xs x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s lghx? tTsfnsf nflu sDkgLsf] ;~rfns
ePsf] dflgg]5 / ;f]xL cfwf/df sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLdf cfjZos ;+zf]wg ug'{
kg]{5 .
t/ xs a]xssf] k|Zg p7]df ;f] ljifodf clwsf/ k|fKt cbfntsf] km};nf adf]lhd x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b—!^
ljb]zL sDkgL ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!%$= ljb]zL sDkgLsf] btf{ M -!_ ljb]zL sDkgLn] o; bkmf adf]lhd sfof{nodf To:tf] sDkgLsf] zfvf
sfof{no btf{ gu/fO{ g]kfn /fHoleq s'g} Joj;fo jf sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ jf ;Dks{ sfof{no
btf{ gu/fO{ To:tf] sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
t/ clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfosf] :jLs[lt lnO{ sfg"g adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] s'g} sDkgLsf] z]o/df
nufgL ug]{, To:tf] sDkgLnfO{ C0f lbg] jf To:tf sDkgLsf] ;~rfng jf Joj:yfkgdf efu lng]
sfdnfO{ o; kl/R5]bsf] k|of]hgsf nflu Joj;fo jf sf/f]af/ u/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
102
:ki6Ls/0f M s'g} ljb]zL sDkgLn] g]kfndf :yfkgf ul/Psf] jf ;f]sf] nflu k|of]u ul/Psf] sfof{no
jf :yfgaf6 Ps dlxgf jf ;f]eGbf a9L cjlw;Dd lgoldt ?kdf s'g} sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/]df jf
lgoldt ;Dks{sf nflu s'g} JolQmnfO{ lgo'Qm u/]df jf lghsf] ;]jf lnPdf o; kl/R5]bsf] k|of]hgsf]
nflu To:tf] sDkgLn] g]kfndf sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/]sf] jf sfof{no :yfkgf u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd zfvf sfof{no btf{ ug{ rfxg] ljb]zL sDkgLn] k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 k|fKt :jLs[lt ;d]t ;+nUg /fvL tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 9f“rfdf tf]lsPsf]
b:t'/ ;lxt sfof{nodf To:tf] sDkgL btf{sf] nflu lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_+ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;Dks{ sfof{no btf{ ug{ rfxg] ljb]zL sDkgLn] To:tf] sfof{no
btf{ ug{sf] nflu k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} lgsfosf] :jLs[lt cfjZos kg]{ eP To:tf] :jLs[lt
;d]t ;+nUg u/L tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 9f“rfdf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] b:t'/ ;lxt sfof{nodf To:tf]
sDkgL btf{sf] nflu lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M g]kfnleq s'g} sfd ug{sf nflu s'g} ljb]zL sDkgL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/
k|fKt s'g} lgsfoaf6 5gf}6 ePdf jf clwsf/ k|fKt s'g} lgsfo;“u s/f/ u/]df pkbkmf -!_ / -@_
sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu To;/L 5gf}6 ePsf] jf s/f/ u/]sf] s'/fnfO{ g} ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 :jLs[lt
lbOPsf] dflgg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhd ljb]zL sDkgL btf{sf] nflu lgj]bg k|fKt x'g cfPdf
sfof{non] cfjZos hf“ra'em u/L To:tf] ljb]zL sDkgLnfO{ g]kfn /fHoleq Joj;fo jf sf/f]af/
;~rfng ug{ jf ;Dks{ sfof{no v8f ug{ lgj]bg lbPsf] tL; lbgleq btf{ u/L tf]lsP adf]lhd
btf{sf] k|df0fkq lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhd lbPsf] lgj]bg adf]lhd ljb]zL sDkgL btf{ x'g g;Sg] ePdf
sfof{non] ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ tL; lbgleq ;DalGwt lgj]bsnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] ljb]zL sDkgLn] g]kfn /fHoleq cfgf] zfvf sfof{no
vf]nL ;DalGwt Joj;fo jf sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ jf ;Dks{ sfof{no vf]Ng ;Sg]5 .
t/ ;Dks{ sfof{nosf] ?kdf btf{ ePsf] ljb]zL sDkgLn] g]kfn /fHoleq cfo cfh{g x'g] s'g}
sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
-^_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhd lgj]bg lbg] ljb]zL sDkgLsf] gfd jf To:tf] sDkgLn]
sfof{Gjog ug]{ p2]Zo o; P]g cg';f/ btf{ x'g g;Sg] k|s[ltsf] ePdf To:tf] ljb]zL sDkgL g]kfndf
btf{ x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
103
-&_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] ljb]zL sDkgLn] cfgf] /lhi68{ sfof{no /x]sf] jf
;+:yfkgf ePsf] d'n'sdf h'g k|sf/sf] Joj;fo jf sf/f]af/ ul//x]sf] 5 ;f]xL k|s[ltsf] Joj;fo jf
sf/f]af/ dfq ug{ kfpg] u/L btf{ ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-*_ o; bkmf adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] ljb]zL sDkgLn] cfgf] sf/f]af/ /x]sf] 7fp“df ;a}n] b]Vg]
u/L cfgf] gfdsf] af]8{ /fVg' kg]{5 / To:tf] af]]8{ tyf sDkgLn] k|of]u ug]{ lan, ekf{O, aLhs
OToflb jf n]6/Kof8x?df sDkgL :yfkgf ePsf] d'n'ssf] gfd tyf g]kfndf sDkgL btf{ ePsf] btf{
gDa/ :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ o; bkmf adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] ljb]zL sDkgLsf] btf{sf nflu sfof{non] 5'§} btf{ lstfa
v8f ug'{ kg]{5 / To:tf] btf{ lstfa ;j{;fwf/0fn] x]g]{ / tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ lt/L gSsn lng kfOg]
Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
-!)_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o; bkmf cg';f/ btf{ ul/Psf] ljb]zL
sDkgLn] g]kfn /fHoleq z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ lgisfzg ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
-!!_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of] P]g k|f/De x'“bfsf avt g]kfn
/fHoleq btf{ gu/fO{ Joj;fo jf sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ul//x]sf jf ;Dks{ sfof{no v8f u/]sf
ljb]zL sDkgLn] of] P]g k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq o; P]g adf]lhd sfof{nodf btf{ u/fO{
;Sg' kg]{5 .
!%%= ljb]zL sDkgLn] lnvtx? bflvn ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ bkmf !%$ adf]lhd btf{ x'g jf ;Dks{ sfof{no
:yfkgf ug{ lgj]bg lbg] ljb]zL sDkgLn] lgj]bg ;fy b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f sfof{no ;dIf
bflvn ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ ljb]zL sDkgLn] g]kfndf Joj;fo jf sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ clwsf/k|fKt
clwsf/Laf6 k|fKt cg'dlt,
-v_ sDkgL ;+:yfkgsf] clwsf/kq, k|df0fkq, k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLsf] 5fof“ k|lt /
;f]sf] g]kfnL cg'jfb,
-u_ sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{no / sf/f]af/ ug]{ d'Vo 7fp“sf] k'/f gfd, 7]ufgf, sDkgL
;+:yfkgf ePsf] ldlt, To:tf] sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k'“hL / d'Vo p2]Zo ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-3_ sDkgLsf ;~rfns, k|aGws, sDkgL ;lrj jf k|d'v kbflwsf/Lsf] gfd, 7]ufgf,
lghx?sf] gful/stfsf] ljj/0f,
104
-ª_ sDkgLsf] gfp“df hf/L ePsf] Dofb, ;"rgf cflb sDkgLsf tkm{af6 a'lem lng]
sDkgLåf/f clws[t ul/Psf] g]kfn /fHoleq /x] a;]sf] JolQmsf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-r_ sDkgLn] g]kfn /fHoleq Joj;fo jf sf/f]af/ ug]{ d'Vo :yfg / ;f] :yfgdf /x]sf]
sDkgLsf] sfof{nosf] k'/f 7]ufgf,
-5_ sDkgLn] g]kfn /fHoleq sf/f]af/ jf Joj;fo ug]{ eP k|:tfljt nufgL / sf/f]af/sf]
ljj/0f,
-h_ sDkgLn] g]kfndf sf/f]af/ z'? ug]{ eP ;f]sf] k|:tfljt ldlt,
-em_ sDkgLn] k]z u/]sf] ljj/0fdf pNn]v ul/Psf s'/fx? 7Ls ;f“rf] xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf
sDkgLsf] ;~rfns jf lghsf] k|ltlglwn] sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 u/]sf] pb\3f]if0f,
-`_ bkmf !%& adf]lhdsf] clVtof/gfdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} ljb]zL sDkgLn] k]z u/]sf] s'g} lnvtsf] Joxf]/fdf s'g} ;+zf]wg
jf x]/km]/ ePdf ;f] ;+zf]wg jf x]/km]/sf] ljj/0f ;lxtsf] ;"rgf k+}tL; lbgleq sfof{nonfO{ lbg'
kg]{5 .
-#_ g]kfn /fHoaflx/ hf/L ePsf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k]z ug'{ kg]{ lnvt jf ;f]sf] k|ltlnlk
k]z ubf{ ljb]zL sDkgL btf{ ePsf] d'n'ssf] sfg"g cg';f/ k|dfl0ft ul/Psf] x'g' kg]{5 .
!%^= ljb]zL sDkgLsf] lx;fa lstfa, n]vfk/LIf0f / jflif{s k|ltj]bg M -!_ bkmf !%$ adf]lhd btf{ ePsf]
k|To]s ljb]zL sDkgLn] o; P]g cGtu{t ;+:yflkt sDkgL;/x g]kfn /fHoleqsf] sf/f]af/sf]
jf:tljs l:ylt b]lvg] u/L jf;nft tyf gfkmf gf]S;fgsf] lx;fa ;lxtsf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f
tof/ u/L n]vfk/LIf0f u/fO{ cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq sfof{nodf k]z ug'{
kg]{5 .
-@_ ljb]zL sDkgLn] cfgf] /lhi68{ sfof{no /x]sf] d'n'ssf] sfg"g cg';f/ k|To]s cfly{s
jif{sf] nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f, n]vfk/LIf0fsf] k|ltj]bg tyf ;~rfns ;ldltsf]
k|ltj]bg clGtd ?kdf tof/ ePsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq ;f]sf] k|ltlnlk sfof{nodf k]z ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ ljb]zL sDkgLn]] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ ubf{ b]xfosf ljj/0fx?
;d]t ;dfj]z ug'{' kg]{5 M–
-s_ ljb]zL sDkgLsf] gfddf g]kfn /fHoleq /x]sf] l:y/, rfn" tyf cGo ;DklQnfO{
5'§f5'§} b]lvg] u/L juL{s/0f u/L tof/ kfl/Psf] ljj/0f,
105
-v_ ljb]zL sDkgLsf] gfddf g]kfn l:yt a}° tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf /x]sf] gub /sdsf]
:ki6 ljj/0f,
-u_ ljb]zL sDkgLn] g]kfn l:yt a}° tyf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 lnPsf] C0f tyf cf]e/
8«f6sf] /sd eP ;f] ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-3_ ljb]zL sDkgLn] g]kfnsf] s'g} afl;Gbf JolQm jf o; P]g cGtu{t btf{ ePsf] g]kfnL
sDkgLnfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{ C0f tyf bfloTj eP ;f]sf] s'n /sd .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd sfof{nodf k]z ug{' kg]{ k|ltj]bg tyf ljj/0f / ;+nUg x'g' kg]{
sfuhft g]kfnL jf c·|]hL efiff afx]s cGo efiffdf n]lvPsf] eP ;f]sf] cflwsfl/s g]kfnL jf c·|]hL
efiffsf] cg'jfbsf] k|lt ;d]t ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ bkmf !%$ adf]lhd g]kfndf ;Dks{ sfof{no btf{ u/fPsf] ljb]zL sDkgLn] To:tf]
sfof{nodf sfo{/t sd{rf/L, ;Nnfxsf/ jf ;Dks{ JolQm tyf lghx?nfO{ e'QmfgL ul/Psf] tna,
eQf tyf /sdx?sf] ljj/0f, To;/L lbPsf] e'QmfgLdf k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ s/ s§L u/]sf] ljj/0f
/ To:tf] sfof{no ;~rfngsf nflu e'QmfgL ul/Psf] jxfn tyf vr{x?sf] e'QmfgL tyf To;/L
lbPsf] e'QmfgLdf k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ s/ s§f u/]sf] ljj/0f n]vfk/LIfsaf6 k|dfl0ft u/fO{
cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] tLg dlxgfleq sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
!%&= clVtof/gfdf M -!_ bkmf !%$ adf]lhd btf{ x'g] ljb]zL sDkgLn] g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ JolQmnfO{
cfgf] tkm{af6 jf cfgf] lj?4 rnfOPsf] d'2f dfldnf jf sfg"gL sf/afxL ;DaGwL Dofb jf ;"rgf
tfd]n ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu jf cGo s'g} sfg"g;Ddt ;"rgfx? k|fKt ug]{ clVtof/ k|bfg u/L lgwf{l/t
9f“rfdf sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ePsf] jf sDkgLsf] k|wfg sfof{no /x]sf] d'n'ssf] sfg"gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{
sDkgLsf] clwsf/k|fKt k|ltlglw lgo'Qm ul/Psf] clVtof/gfdfsf] k|ltlnlk sfof{no ;dIf k]z ug'{
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lbPsf] clVtof/gfdfdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 jf
sDkgLsf] lj?4df rnfOg] d'2f dfldnf ;DaGwL Dofb jf ;"rgf jf cGo sfg"gL ;"rgfx?
clVtof/k|fKt k|ltlglwnfO{ a'emfO{Pdf ;f] h'g;'s} k|of]hgsf nflu klg sDkgLnfO{ aGwgsf/L x'g]
s'/f pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
!%*= ljb]zL sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]hL tyf lnlSj8];g M -!_ bkmf !%$ adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] ljb]zL sDkgLn]
g]kfn /fHoleq ;~rfng u/]sf] sf/f]af/ aGb u/L cfgf] btf{ vf/]h u/fpg rfx]df jf k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/Ln] To:tf] sDkgLn] g]kfn /fHoleq Joj;fo jf sf/f]af/ ug{
106
gkfpg] u/L /f]s nufPdf To:tf] sDkgLn] btf{ vf/]hLsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ ;lxt sfof{nodf
lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg lbg] ljb]zL sDkgLn] g]kfn /fHoleq /x]sf] s'g} JolQm, ;+:yf
jf ;/sf/L jf u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfonfO{ ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{ s'g} bfloTj g/x]sf] s'/f olsg x'g] ;a't
k|df0f ;d]t lgj]bg;fy k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;a't k|df0f ;f“rf] xf] jf xf]Og ;f] a'‰gsf nflu sfof{non] ;f]
sDkgLn] s;}nfO{ s'g} bfloTj ltg{ a'emfpg 5 jf 5}g ;f] ;DaGwdf PSsfO; lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ ;a't
;fy bfaL k]z ug{ /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf sDtLdf b'O{k6s ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k|sflzt ;"rgf adf]lhd s;}sf] bfaL k/]df To:tf] bfaL km5\of}{6
u/]sf] ;a't ;DalGwt sDkgLn] sfof{no ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] sDkgL pk/ pkbkmf -#_
adf]lhd k/]sf] bfaL To:tf] sDkgLsf] g]kfn /fHodf /x]sf] hfoh]yfaf6 km5\of}{6 x'g g;s]df To:tf]
sDkgLsf] g]kfn /fHoaflx/ /x]sf] hfoh]yfaf6 km5\of}{6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq s;}sf] s'g} bfaL gk/]df jf k/]sf] bfaL pkbkmf -$_
adf]lhd km5\of}{6 ePsf] ;a't k]z ePdf sfof{non] ljb]zL sDkgLsf] btf{ lstfaaf6 To:tf]
sDkgLsf] gfd x6fO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt sDkgLnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-^_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd g]kfndf btf{ ePsf] ljb]zL sDkgLn] sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ul//x]sf]
d'n'sdWo] s'g} d'n'ssf] sfg"g adf]lhd To:tf] sDkgLsf] ;DaGwdf bfdf;fxLsf] k|lqmof z'? ePdf
To:tf] ljb]zL sDkgLsf] bkmf !%& adf]lhd clVtof/L kfPsf] k|ltlglwn] cljnDj sfof{nonfO{
lnlvt ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 / To:tf] ;"rgf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu g]kfn /fHoaf6 k|sfzg
x'g] /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf ;d]t lghn] k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ To:tf] sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]hLsf] cfb]z hf/L eO;s]sf] eP To:tf] ljb]zL sDkgLn] g]kfn
/fHoleq cfgf] sf/f]af/ jf Joj;fo aGb ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+z adf]lhd s'g} ljb]zL sDkgLn] sf/f]af/ jf Joj;fo
aGb u/]sf]df To:tf] sDkgLn] g]kfn /fHoleq u/]sf] sf/f]af/ jf Joj;fo ;DaGwdf bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b–!&
d'2f dfldnfsf] sf/afxL / b08 ;hfo
107
!%(= o; P]g cGtu{tsf] d'2f ;DaGwL ph"/L / sf/afxL M -!_ o; P]g cGtu{t s'g} sfd s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf
sfof{no, sDkgLsf ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, z]o/wgL jf ;b:o jf ;fx" jf ;/f]sf/jfnf cGo s'g}
JolQmsf] ph"/Laf6 dfq d'2f bfo/ x'g / sf/afxL rNg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ o; P]g adf]lhd sfof{non] g} sf/afxL ug]{ egL :ki6 ls6fgL ePsf]df afx]s o; P]g
adf]lhd ;hfo x'g] s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2f, o; P]gsf ljleGg bkmfx?df cbfntdf ph"/L jf lgj]bg
lbg ;lsg] egL pNn]v ePsf] ljifo / lauf] Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg] nufotsf] ljifodf sf/afxL tyf
lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .
-#_ cbfntn] o; P]g adf]lhd d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ubf{ ;+lIfKt sfo{ljlw P]g, @)@*
sf] sfo{ljlw ckgfpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ cGtu{t sfof{no jf cbfntn] u/]sf] lg0f{o jf lbPsf] cfb]z pk/ k}+tL;
lbgleq g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] ;xdlt lnO{ tf]lsPsf] cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg nfUg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o; P]g adf]lhd d'2f dfldnf tyf cGo
sfd sf/afxL ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L cbfnt gtf]s];Dd bkmf
!^( adf]lhd ul7t sDkgL af]]8{n] o; P]g cGtu{t ;DalGwt cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/ u|x0f ug]{5 .
♦-^_ of] P]gsf cGo Joj:yfx?df s'g} ljifodf ph'/L ug{sf nfLu xbDofb tf]lsPsf] afx]s
of] P]g cGtu{tsf cGo ljifox?df d'2f ug'kg]{ sf/0f yfxf kfPsf] ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq ph"/L glbPdf
ph"/L nfUg] 5}g .
!^)= krf; xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf jf b'O{ jif{;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g] M b]xfosf] sfd ug]{ b]xfosf
JolQmnfO{ aL; xhf/b]lv krf; xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf jf b'O{ jif{;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5
M–
-s_ sDkgLsf] s'g} ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/Ln] sDkgLsf] s'g} sfuhkqdf ablgot jf å]ifk"0f{
nfk/afxL;fy s'g} em'§f s'/f pNn]v u/L sDkgL jf s'g} JolQmnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL
k'¥ofPsf] eP To:tf] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
108
-v_ sDkgLsf] s'g} ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/Ln] o; P]g adf]lhd /fVg' kg]{ lx;fa lstfa jf
n]vf, ;|]:tf g/fv]df♦jf n]vf, >]:tf b'?:t g/fv]df jf /fVg gnufPdf jf bafPdf jf
n'sfPdf jf gf]S;fg u/]df To:tf] JolQmnfO{,
-u_ sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIfsn] cfgf] st{Jo kfngsf] l;nl;nfdf cfgf] k|ltj]bgdf å]ifk"0f{
nfk/afxL jf ablgot;fy em'§f s'/f n]v]df jf n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ cfjZos b]lvPsf]
l6Kk0fL ug{ 5'6fPdf To:tf] n]vfk/LIfsnfO{,
-3_ lnlSj8]6/n] å]ifk"0f{, nfk/afxL jf ablgot;fy ;fx"x?sf] ;ef gaf]nfPdf jf
k|fyldstfsf] qmdljk/Lt C0f jf bfloTj e'Qmfg u/]df jf o; P]g adf]lhd /fVg' kg]{
lx;fa lstfa / n]vf g/fv]df jf a'‰g' kg]{ lx;fa sfuhkq ga'em]df jf em'§f n]vf
/fv]df jf lbg' kg]{ k|ltj]bg glbPdf jf cfgf] axfn 6'6]kl5 a'emfpg' kg]{ gub, lhG;L
jf >]:tf ga'emfPdf To:tf] lnlSj8]6/nfO{,
-ª_ cfgf] lhDdfsf] sfuhkq, n]vf, gubL, lhG;L cfk"m axfn 6'6]kl5 jf sDkgL vf/]h
ug]{ cfb]z k|fKt ePkl5 o; P]g adf]lhd xfnjfnfnfO{ ga'emfPdf jf xfnjfnfn] ga'em]df
;f] ga'emfpg] jf ga'‰g] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/LnfO{,
-r_ sfof{nodf btf{ x'g'cl3 g} sDkgLsf] ljj/0fkq hf/L ug]{ jf ljj/0fkqdf em'§f ljj/0f
lbg] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-5_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] clwsf/If]q g3fO{ jf sDkgLsf] sfo{If]q aflx/sf] sfd u/]df ;f]
ug]{ jf ug{ cfb]z lbg] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-h_ o; P]g adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f glbg] jf em'§f ljj/0f lbg] z]o/wgLnfO{,
-em_ sDkgLsf] gubL jf lhG;L lxgfldgf ug]{ jf df:g] jf sDkgLsf] gubL jf lhG;L ;~rfns
;ldlt jf ;fwf/0f ;efsf] :jLs[lt ljgf lghL sfddf k|of]u ug]{ jf sDkgLsf]
lgodfg';f/ k]ZsL km5\of}{6 gug]{ jf sfof{non] lbPsf] cfb]z kfngf gug{] / sDkgLsf]
ljj/0f bflvnf gug]{ ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/LnfO{,
-`_ o; P]g adf]lhd sDkgL, sfof{no, cbfnt jf cGo lgsfodf ljj/0f jf hfgsf/L lbg'
kg]{ st{Jo ePsf ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/Ln] To:tf] ljj/0f jf hfgsf/L glbPdf To:tf]]
;~rfns jf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
109
-6_ s'g} sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ cfk"m cof]Uo ePsf] Joxf]/f yfxf kfP kl5 klg ;DalGwt
sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{ n]vfk/LIfsnfO{,
-7_ cfk"mnfO{ k|fKt gePsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ jf k|fKt clVtof/L aflx/ uO{ sfo{ ug]{
;~rfns jf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-8_ o; P]gsf] ljk/Lt n]vf /fVg] ;~rfns tyf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-9_ o; P]g adf]lhd z]o/wgLnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ ;+lIfKt cfly{s ljj/0f, jflif{s
cfly{s ljj/0f jf k|ltj]bg pknAw gu/fpg] ;~rfns tyf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-0f_ o; P]gdf ul/Psf] Joj:yf ljk/Lt x'g] u/L sDkgLaf6 s'g} C0f ;'ljwf jf kfl/>lds
lng] jf lbg] ;~rfns, cfwf/e"t z]o/wgL tyf sDkgLnfO{,
-t_ sDkgLsf] z]o/ k'“hL 36fpg cbfntsf] :jLs[lt dfu ubf{ ;fx"sf] gfd 9f“6\g], n'sfpg]
jf sDkgLn] lnPsf] C0fsf] af/]df em'§f ljj/0f lbg] sDkgL, ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L,
sd{rf/L jf cGo s'g} JolQmnfO{,
-y_ o; P]gsf] ljk/Lt z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ laqmL ug]{ k|fOe]6 sDkgL, To:tf] sDkgLsf
;~rfns tyf z]o/wgLnfO{,
-b_ o; P]gsf] ljk/Lt g]kfn /fHoleq Joj;fo jf sf/f]af/ ug]{ ljb]zL sDkgL, To:tf]
sDkgLsf ;~rfns, sd{rf/L jf k|ltlglwnfO{,
-w_ l8a]~r/jfnfx?sf] lxtljk/Lt sfo{ ug]{ l8a]~r/ 6«i6L, To:tf] 6«i6Lsf] ;~rfns jf
kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-g_ bkmf $^ sf] pkbkmf -&_ sf] k|lts"n sfd ug]{ JolQmnfO{,
-k_ bkmf ^) adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{ sfo{ gug]{ ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-km_ o; P]g adf]lhd sDkgL btf{ gu/L sDkgL zAbsf] k|of]u u/L sf/f]af/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{,
-a_ bkmf !$! jf bkmf !&% adf]lhdsf] hfgsf/L jf ;"rgf pknAw gu/fpg] sDkgL,
;~rfns jf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-e_ bkmf $& adf]lhd dfu ul/Psf] hfgsf/L pknAw gu/fpg] sDkgLsf] z]o/wgL jf ;f]
bkmf cg';f/ z]o/wgLaf6 k|fKt hfgsf/L sfof{nodf k]z gug]{ sDkgL, ;~rfns tyf
kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-d_ bkmf !)% sf] ljk/Lt sfo{ ug]{ ;~rfns tyf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
110
-o_ sfof{non] k6s–k6s lnlvt cfb]z lb+bf jf ;f] ;Dej geP ;~rf/ dfWoddfk{mt
;"rgf lb+bf klg cfgf] /lhi68{ sfof{nosf] 7]ufgf sfof{nonfO{ pknAw gu/fpg]
sDkgLsf] k|aGw ;~rfns, ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-/_ bkmf %) sf] ljk/Lt sfo{ ug]{ sDkgL, ;~rfns, cfwf/e"t z]o/wgL tyf
kbflwsf/LnfO{,
♦-n_ sDkgLsf] :jLs[t p2]Zo ljk/Lt hfgL hfgL sfd ug]{ sDkgL jf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-j_ bkmf !@! adf]lhd vl6Psf] lg/LIfsn] e'm§f k|ltj]bg k]z u/]df To:tf] lg/LIfsnfO{,
!^!= krf; xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'g] M b]xfosf s;"/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ bz xhf/b]lv krf; xhf/
?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'g]5 M–
-s_ o; P]gsf] Joj:yf pNnª\3g u/L z]o/ af“8kmf“8 u/]df ;f] ug]{ kbflwsf/L jf JolQmnfO{,
-v_ o; P]glj?4 sDkgLsf] df}Hbft k'“hLaf6 ;f]xL sDkgLn] cfgf] jf cfgf] d'Vo sDkgLsf]
z]o/ vl/b u/]df jf o; P]g ljk/Lt nufgL u/]df To:tf] sDkgLsf] k|To]s
;~rfnsnfO{,
-u_ n]vfk/LIfsn] vf]h]sf] avt lghnfO{ lx;fa lstfa gb]vfPdf jf glbPdf ;f] b]vfpg' jf
lbg' kg]{ st{Jo ePsf kbflwsf/L jf JolQmnfO{,
-3_ P]gdf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bg k|:t't gug]{ n]vfk/LIfsnfO{,
-ª_ bkmf !&@ sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yf gldnfpg] sDkgLsf]] ;~rfns,
Joj:yfks tyf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-r_ bkmf !$^ jf !$& sf] Joj:yf pNnª\3g ug]{ jf o; P]g cg';f/ /fVg' kg]{ clen]v,
lstfa jf ljj/0f g/fVg] ;~rfns tyf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-5_ kl/R5]b–!* df ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf] ljk/Lt sfo{ ug]{ jf pQm kl/R5]bdf lgwf{l/t st{Jo
tyf bfloTj k'/f gug]{ sDkgL, ;~rfns, n]vfk/LIfs, kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/LnfO{,
-h_ o; P]g adf]lhd af]nfpg' kg]{ ;fwf/0f ;ef jf ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s gaf]nfPdf
jf ;fwf/0f ;ef jf ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] ;"rgf gk7fPdf jf ;fwf/0f ;ef
x'g'eGbf cufj} z]o/wgLx?nfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ lnvtx? tof/ g/fv]df jf ;efdf
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
111
k|:t't ug'{ kg]{ sfuhkq k|:t't gu/]df ;f] /fVg' jf ug'{ kg]{ jf ;ef af]nfpg' kg]{ jf
;"rgf k7fpg' kg]{ st{Jo ePsf ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf JolQmnfO{ .
-em_ bkmf &% sf] pkbkmf -!_ / bkmf (& sf] pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhdsf] lg0f{o clen]vdf jf
o; P]g adf]lhd tof/ ug'{ kg]{ / sDkgL jf sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{ cGo ljj/0f jf
k|ltj]bgdf jf pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ ;"rgf jf hfgsf/Ldf geP gu/]sf] s'/fnfO{ eP
u/]sf] egL / eP u/]sf] s'/fnfO{ geP gu/]sf] egL e'm§f lnvt jf sfuhft Joxf]/f
pNn]v ug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ .
-`_ bkmf !@^ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;~rfnsx?n] u/]sf] pb\3f]if0f e'm§f 7x/]df To:tf]
e'm§f pb\3f]if0f ug]{ ;~rfnsnfO{,
-6_ o; P]g adf]lhd ljb]zL sDkgLn] sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{ lnvt jf sfuhftsf] e'm§f]
jf unt cg'jfb ug]{ jf To;nfO{ k|dfl0ft ug]{ JolQmnfO{ .
!^@= aL; xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf x'g] M bkmf !^) / !^! df n]lvPb]lv afx]s o; P]g adf]lhd cfk"mn]
ug'{ kg]{ s'g} sfd s'/f gug]{ jf ug{ gx'g] sfd s'/f ug]{ jf st{Jo kfngf gug]{ jf ug'{ kg]{ sfd
s'/f klg Dofb g3fO{ jf /Lt gk'¥ofO{ ug]{ jf sfof{nonfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{ s'/fsf] hfgsf/L glbg]
jf sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{ ljj/0f k]z gug]{ sDkgL jf sDkgLsf ;DalGwt ♣kbflwsf/L jf
sd{rf/LnfO{ cbfntn] kf“r xhf/b]lv aL; xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd hl/afgf ug]{5 .
!^#= gf]S;fgL lauf] e/fpg] M s'g} sDkgLsf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf s'g} JolQmn] o; P]gdf n]lvP
adf]lhd s'g} ;hfo x'g] s;"/ u/L jf o; P]g jf k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnL jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf
ul/Psf] s'g} Joj:yfsf] pNnª\3g u/L sDkgL jf z]o/wgL jf ;fx" jf c? s'g} JolQmnfO{ s'g} xflg,
gf]S;fgL k'¥ofPdf dsf{ kg]{ sDkgL, z]o/wgL, ;fx" jf s'g} JolQmn] gf]S;fgLsf] lauf] e/fO{ lng
kfpg]5 . o:tf] gf]S;fgLsf] lauf] lghn] cfgf] 3/ 3/fgfaf6 Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–!*
n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt
!^$= n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt M -!_ tLg s/f]8 ?k}of“ jf ;f]eGbf a9L r'Qmf k'“hL ePsf] ;"rLs[t sDkgL jf
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs :jfldTj ePsf] sDkgLn] sDkgLsf] b}lgs sfo{;~rfng jf
♣klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . -;flas k|fawfgM ;~rfns, k|aGw ;~rfns, k|aGws, sDkgL ;lrj _
112
Joj:yfkgfdf ;+nUg g/x]sf] ;~rfnssf] cWoIftfdf sDtLdf tLghgf ;b:o /x]sf] Ps n]vfk/LIf0f
;ldlt u7g ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ sDkgLsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] glhssf] gft]bf/ /x]sf] s'g} JolQm pkbkmf -!_ cg';f/ ul7t
n]vf k/LIf0f ;ldltsf] ;b:o x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
-#_ n]vf k/LIf0f ;ldltsf] sDtLdf Pshgf ;b:o n]vf ;DaGwL Jofj;flos k|df0fkq k|fKt
cg'ejL JolQm jf n]vf, jfl0fHo, Joj:yfkg, ljQ jf cy{zf:qdf sDtLdf :gftssf] pkflw k|fKt
u/L n]vf tyf ljQLo If]qdf cg'ejk|fKt JolQm x'g' kg]{5 .
-$_ n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] sfd sf/afxLsf] 5f]6s/L laj/0f, n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltn] s'g} ;'emfj
lbPsf] eP To:tf ;'emfjx? sfof{Gjog ug{ ;~rfns ;ldltn] cjnDag u/]sf] sfo{gLlt,
n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] s'g} eQf jf ;'ljwf k|fKt u/]sf] eP ;f] s'/f / n]vfk/LIf0f
;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] gfd ;d]t sDkgLn] tof/ ug'{ kg]{ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgdf v'nfpg'
kg]{5 .
-%_ n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltn] s'g} ljifodf ;f]wk'5 ug{ sDkgLsf] k|aGw ;~rfns, sDkgLsf]
sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf sDkgLsf] b}lgs sfo{ ;~rfngdf ;+nUg cGo ;~rfns, n]vfk/LIfs, cfGtl/s
n]vfk/LIfs tyf n]vf k|d'vnfO{ ;"rgf lbO{ a}7sdf af]nfpg ;Sg]5 / To:tf] ;"rgf ePdf ;ldltsf]
a}7sdf pkl:yt x'g' lghx?sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-^_ sDkgLsf] n]vf tyf ljQLo Joj:yfsf] af/]df n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltn] lbPsf] ;'emfjnfO{
;~rfns ;ldltn] sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{5 / s'g} ;'emfj sfof{Gjog ug{ g;lsg] eP To;sf]
sf/0f;d]t ;~rfns ;ldltn] k|ltj]bgdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ sDkgLn] n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] lhDd]jf/L cg';f/sf] sfo{ ug{ kof{Kt ;fwg tyf ;|f]tsf]
Joj:yf ul/lbg' kg]{5 / n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltn] cfgf] cfGtl/s sfo{ljlw cfkm} lgoldt ug]{5 .
-*_ n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] cWoIf sDkgLsf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g' kg]{5 .
-(_ n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] a}7s cfjZostf cg';f/ a:g]5 .
!^%= n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M bkmf !^$ sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ul7t n]vfk/LIf0f
;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ sDkgLsf] n]vf tyf ljQLo laj/0fx? -lkmgflG;on :6]6d]G6_ sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ /
To:tf ljj/0fx?df plNnlvt tYosf] ;Totf olsg ug]{,
113
-v_ sDkgLsf] cfGtl/s ljQLo lgoGq0f k|0ffnL -OG6/gn lkmgfG;Lon sG6«f]n l;i6d_ tyf
hf]lvd Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL -l/:s Dofg]hd]G6 l;i6d_ sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{,
-u_ sDkgLsf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwL sfo{sf] ;'k/Lj]If0f tyf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{,
-3_ sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQmsf] nflu ;+efljt n]vfk/LIfsx?sf] gfd l;kmfl/; ug]{
/ lghsf] kfl/>lds tyf lgo'lQmsf zt{x? lgwf{/0f u/L cg'df]bgsf] nflu ;fwf/0f
;efdf k]z ug]{]{]{,
-ª_ sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIfsn] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwL sfo{ ubf{ kfngf ug'{ kg]{ k|rlnt sfg"g
cg';f/ clwsf/k|fKt lgsfon] lgwf{/0f u/]sf cfr/0f, dfkb08 tyf lgb]{lzsf kfng
u/] jf gu/]sf] s'/fsf] /]vb]v tyf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{,
-r_ k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ clwsf/k|fKt lgsfon] tof/ u/]sf] cfr/0f, dfkb08 tyf
lgb]{lzsfsf] cfwf/df n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm tyf 5gf}6sf] ;DaGwdf sDkgLn] cjnDag
ug'{ kg]{ gLlt to ug]{,
-5_ sDkgLsf] n]vf ;DaGwL gLlt tof/ u/L nfu" ug]{ u/fpg],
-h_ s'g} lgodgsf/L lgsfon] sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf v'nfpg' kg]{ lj:t[t ljj/0f
-n+u kmd{ cl86 l/kf]6{_ sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] ljj/0f tof/ ug{ cfjZos
zt{x? k'/f ug]{,
-em_ sDkgLsf] n]vf, ljQLo Joj:yf tyf n]vfk/LIf0fsf] ;DaGwdf ;~rfns ;ldltn]
tf]lslbPsf] cGo sfo{ ug]{ .
kl/R5]b–!(
d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgL ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!^^= d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgL :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg s'g} k]zf jf Joj;fosf] ljsf; tyf k|j4{g ug{ jf s'g} vf; k]zf jf Joj;fodf nfu]sf
JolQmx?sf] ;fd"lxs xs lxtsf] ;+/If0f ug{ jf s'g} z}lIfs, k|fl1s, ;fdflhs, k/f]ksf/L jf
;fj{hlgs pkof]lutf jf sNof0fsf/L p2]Zo k|flKtsf] nflu nfef+z af“8L lng gkfpg] zt{df s'g}
pBd ug{ sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt p2]Zo k|fKt ug{sf] nflu sDkgL btf{ ug{ rfxg] s'g} JolQm jf
k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ btf{ ePsf ;fj{hlgs u'7Lsf ;~rfns jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;+:yfkgf
ePsf cGo ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] bkmf $ adf]lhd sfof{no ;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5g\ .
114
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ug]{ ;+:yfksx?sf] ;ª\Vof sDtLdf kf“r x'g' kg]{5
/ To:tf] sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ePkl5 kf“rhgfdf g36\g] u/L o;sf ;b:ox?sf] ;ª\Vof hlt;'s} klg
x'g ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;+:yflkt sDkgLsf] ;b:otf s'g} Joxf]/fn] x:tfGt/0f x'g ;Sg]
5}g . s'g} ;b:osf] d[To' ePdf, btf{ vf/]h jf lj36g ePdf jf cGo ;+:yf jf sDkgLdf uflePdf
To:tf] JolQm jf ;+:yfsf] ;b:otf :jtM ;dfKt x'g]5 .
-%_ sfof{non] k"j{ :jLs[lt lbPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;+:yflkt sDkgLn]
cfgf] gfdsf] ;fydf æsDkgLÆ, ælnld6]8Æ jf æk|fOe]6 lnld6]8Æ h:tf zAbx? n]Vg' kg]{ 5}g .
-^_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] sDkgLn] zfvf lj:tf/ ubf{ sfof{nosf] :jLs[lt lng'
kg]{5 .
!^&= d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgL ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yfx? M -!_ o; P]g jf k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s}
s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bkmf !^^ adf]lhd ;+:yflkt sDkgLsf] b]xfosf s'/fx?df b]xfo adf]lhd
x'g]5 M–
-s_ d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ug{ z]o/ k'“hL cfjZos kg]{ 5}g .
t/ sDkgLn] cfgf ;b:ox?af6 ;b:otf z'Ns k|fKt ug{ / cfgf] p2]Zo k'/f
ug{ sfg"g adf]lhd bfg, cg'bfg k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-v_ sDkgLsf] s'g} ;b:on] lnlvt ?kdf :jLsf/ u/]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s sDkgLsf] C0f
jf bfloTjdf o;sf ;b:ox? lhDd]jf/ x'g] 5}gg\ / s'g} ;b:on] bfloTjsf] xb tf]ls
lnlvt ?kdf sDkgLsf] bfloTj :jLsf/ u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] xb;Dd dfq lghsf] bfloTj
;Lldt /xg]5 .
-u_ z]o/ k'“hL ePsf] sDkgLnfO{ dfq nfu" x'g ;Sg] Joj:yfx? afx]s ;"rLs[t sDkgLnfO{
nfu" x'g] o; P]gsf ;Dk"0f{ Joj:yfx? sDkgL, o;sf ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L,
n]vfk/LIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;d]t nfu" x'g]5g\ .
-3_ sDkgLn] k|fKt u/]sf] d'gfkmfaf6 nfef+z, jf]g; jf cGo s'g} /sd o;sf ;b:o jf
sd{rf/LnfO{ ljt/0f ug]{ 5}g / sDkgLn] cfh{g u/]sf] d'gfkmf sDkgLsf] k'“hL a[l4
ug{ jf To;sf] p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu vr{ ul/g]5 .
-ª_ sDkgLn] cfgf] p2]Zodf kl/jt{g ubf{ sfof{nosf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-r_ d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgL d'gfkmf ljt/0f ug]{ sDkgLdf ufleg ;Sg] 5}g .
115
-5_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd ;+:yflkt sDkgLsf ;b:ox?n] cfk"mdWo]af6 Ps ;b:o Ps
dtsf] lx;fan] lgodfjnLdf lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] ;ª\Vofdf ;~rfnsx? lgjf{rg
ug]{5g\ .
-h_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd ;+:yflkt sDkgLdf sfd ug]{ kbflwsf/Ln] kfpg] a}7s eQf,
tna, ;'ljwf tyf sDkgLsf] ;+:yfkgf vr{ / ;~rfng vr{ sfof{non] tf]s]eGbf
a9L x'g] 5}g / sfof{non] o;/L vr{ tf]Sbf To:tf] sDkgLsf] k'“hLut cj:yf tyf
d'gfkmfnfO{ cfwf/ lng' kg]{5 .
♦t/ k|zf;sLo vr{ s'n vr{sf] kRrL; k|ltzteGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
-em_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd ;+:yflkt sDkgL lj36g ePdf jf btf{ vf/]hLdf k/]df
sDkgLsf] C0f tyf bfloTj km5\of}{6 u/L af“sL /x]sf] hfoh]yf sDkgLsf]
lgodfjnLdf s'g} Joj:yf ul/Psf] eP ;f]xL adf]lhd / Joj:yf gePsf]df g]kfn
;/sf/df ;g]{5 .
t/ To:tf] hfoh]yf s'g} klg lsl;dn] To:tf] sDkgLsf] ;+:yfks jf ;b:o jf
lghsf] glhssf] gft]bf/ jf lghsf] glhssf] gft]bf/ ;+:yfks jf ;b:o ePsf] ;+:yf
jf sDkgLdf ;g]{ 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvPsf] Joj:yf pNnª\3g ePdf sfof{non] To;/L pNnª\3g ug]{
sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ btf{ vf/]h ug'{cl3 sDkgLnfO{ ;kmfO{sf] df}sf lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd sfof{non] btf{ vf/]h u/]sf] lg0f{opk/ lrQ ga'‰g] JolQmn] To:tf]
lg0f{o ePsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt u/]sf] k}+tL; lbgleq cbfntdf ph"/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd sfof{non] btf{ vf/]h ubf{ o:tf] sDkgLsf] vf/]hLsf] sfo{ ;DkGg
ug{ vf/]h ul/;Sg' kg]{ ;dofjlw tf]sL lnlSj8]6/ tyf n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm lnlSj8]6/ tyf n]vfk/LIfsn] o; P]g tyf k|rlnt sfg"gdf
ul/Psf] Joj:yf cg';f/ cfgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{5 .
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
116
kl/R5]b–@)
sDkgL ;Nnfxsf/ af]8{ tyf sDkgL af]8{ ;DaGwL cGtl/d Joj:yf
!^*= sDkgL ;Nnfxsf/ af]8{sf] u7g M -!_ of] P]g tyf sDkgL k|zf;g ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gsf]
sfof{Gjogdf b]lvPsf Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx?sf] cWoog u/L k|rlnt sDkgL sfg"gdf ;fdlos ;'wf/
ug]{ ljifodf / sDkgL k|zf;gsf] ;'wf/sf ;DaGwdf cfjZostf cg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k/fdz{
lbgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L ;/sf/L tyf lghL If]qsf sfg"g,
n]vf Joj;fo, s/ k|zf;g, jfl0fHo jf Jofkf/ k|zf;g k|To]s If]qaf6 ;f] ljifodf sDtLdf ♣:gfts
pQL0f{ u/L sDtLdf ;ft jif{ sfo{ u/L ljz]if1tf xfl;n u/]sf] Ps Pshgf JolQm / g]kfn pBf]u
jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf] k|ltlglw ;d]t /xg] u/L a9Ldf gf} hgf ;b:o /x]sf] sDkgL ;Nnfxsf/ af]8{sf]
u7g ug]{5 . /lhi6«f/ sDkgL ;Nnfxsf/ af]8{sf] ;b:o–;lrj x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;Nnfxsf/ af]8{sf] u7g ubf{ ;f]xL ;"rgfdf ;f] af]8{sf
;b:ox?dWo]af6 s'g} Ps ;b:onfO{ cWoIfsf] sfd ug{] u/L tf]]lsg]5 .
-#_ sDkgL ;Nnfxsf/ af]8{n] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u/]sf] sfd sf/afxLsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt dGqfnodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt dGqfnon] ;fj{hlgs ug'{sf] ;fy}
plrt d"Nodf ;j{;fwf/0fn] k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
!^(= sDkgL af]8{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ o; P]gdf ul/Psf] Joj:yf adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n] cbfnt
gtf]s];Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cWoIf tyf ;b:o
/xg] u/L] tLg ;b:oLo sDkgL af]8{ u7g ug]{5 M–
-s_ sfg"gdf :gfts eO{ jfl0fHo sfg"gsf] If]qdf cg'ej ePsf] lhNnf GofofwLz
jf lhNnf GofofwLz eO;s]sf] jf x'g of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQm – cWoIf
-v_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd clwjQmfsf] ?kdf btf{ eO{ jfl0fHo sfg"gsf] If]qdf
sDtLdf bz jif{ sfg"g Joj;fo u/]sf] jf g]kfn Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqfl°t
låtLo >]0fLsf] kbdf sDtLdf rf/ jif{ sfd u/]sf] JolQm – ;b:o
-u_ Joj:yfkg, jfl0fHo zf:q jf n]vf ljifodf :gfts eO{ sDkgL Joj:yfkg,
s/ k|zf;g jf n]vf If]qdf sDtLdf bz jif{;Dd sfd u/]sf] jf n]vf
♣klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . -;flas k|fawfgM :gftsf]Q/_
117
;DaGwL Jofj;flos k|df0fkq k|fKt u/L n]vf Joj;fodf sDtLdf kf“r
jif{sf] cg'ejk|fKt n]vf Joj;foL – ;b:o
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_, -v_ jf -u_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bkmf !^*
adf]lhd ul7t sDkgL ;Nnfxsf/ af]8{sf ;b:ox?dWo]af6 ;f]xL v08x?df plNnlvt of]Uotf k'u]sf
s'g} ;b:onfO{ o; bkmf cg';f/ u7g x'g] sDkgL af]8{sf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf]?kdf ;d]t sfd ug]{
u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd u7g ePsf] af]8{n] o; P]g adf]lhd cbfntnfO{ k|fKt
clwsf/If]qsf] k|of]u ug]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd ul7t sDkgL af]8{n] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd clwsf/If]qsf]
k|of]u u/L d'2f dfldnfsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd ug]{5 M–
-s_ cfgf] clwsf/If]qsf] k|of]u tLghgf ;b:on] ;fd"lxs ?kdf ug]{5g\ .
t/ cWoIf / csf]{ Ps ;b:o pkl:yt ePdf d'2fsf] sf/afxL tyf lsgf/f ug{
/ cWoIf afx]s cGo b'O{hgf ;b:o pkl:yt ePdf d'2fsf] sf/afxL ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-v_ tLghgf ;b:o pkl:yt ePdf ;a} ;b:osf] Psdt jf b'O{ ;b:osf] ax'dt sfod
eP ;f]xL dt sDkgL af]8{sf] lg0f{o dflgg]5 .
-u_ b'O{ ;b:o dfq pkl:yt eO{ b'j} ;b:osf] Psdt sfod ePdf sDkgL af]8{sf] lg0f{o
dflgg]5 .
-3_ b'O{ ;b:o pkl:yt ePsf] cj:yfdf Psdt sfod x'g g;s]df sf/afxLsf] xsdf
cWoIf pkl:yt eP cWoIfsf] /fo adf]lhd / cWoIfafx]s cGo ;b:o pkl:yt ePdf
jl/i7 ;b:osf] /fo adf]lhd ug'{ kg{]5 / km};nf jf clGtd cfb]zsf xsdf klxn]
cg'kl:yt /xg] ;b:o ;dIf k]z u/L lghn] ;dy{g u/]sf] /fonfO{ sDkgL af]8{sf]
lg0f{o dflgg]5 .
-ª_ tLghgf ;b:o pkl:yt ePsf] cj:yfdf tLghgf ;b:osf] dt km/s–km/s ePdf
jf v08 -3_ adf]lhd klxn] cg'kl:yt /xg] ;b:o ;dIf k]z x'“bf klg ax'dt sfod
x'g gcfPsf]df sf/afxLsf xsdf cWoIfsf] /fo adf]lhd ug'{ kg{]5 / km};nf jf
clGtd cfb]zsf] xsdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf ;fws hfx]/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ sDkgL af]8{n] d'2fsf] sfo{af]em x]/L g]kfn /fHoleq cGo s'g} :yfgdf klg s'g} lglZrt
cjlwsf] nflu cfgf] d'sfd sfod u/L d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
118
-^_ sDkgL af]8{n] d'2f dfldnfsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ubf{ ;+lIfKt sfo{ljlw P]g, @)@*
adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw ckgfpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ o; bkmf adf]lhd s'g} d'2f dfldnfsf] ;DaGwdf sDkgL af]8{n] u/]sf] lg0f{o pk/ lrQ
ga'‰g] kIfn] lg0f{osf] hfgsf/L k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq ;DalGwt k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf
k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-*_ o; bkmf adf]lhd lgo'Qm jf tf]lsPsf] cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kfl/>lds, ;'ljwf / ;]jfsf
cGo zt{ tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
t/ Psk6s lbOPsf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf 36fpg] u/L ;]jf zt{ tf]lsg] 5}g .
-(_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of] P]g k|f/De x'“bfsf avt sDkgL P]g,
@)%# adf]lhd u7g eO{ sfod /x]sf]] sDkgL af]8{ o; P]g adf]lhdsf] sDkgL af]8{ u7g geP;Dd
sfod /xg]5 .
-!)_ of] P]g k|f/De x'“bfsf avt pkbkmf -(_ adf]lhdsf] sDkgL af]8{df bfo/ eO{ sf/afxLdf
/x]sf jf lg0f{o x'g af“sL /x]sf d'2fx? / tT;DaGwL lgj]bgx? of] P]g k|f/De ePkl5 o; bkmf
adf]lhd Joj:yf ePsf] sDkgL af]8{df ;g]{5g\ / To:tf] af]8{af6 g} To:tf d'2fx?sf] sf/afxL /
lsgf/f x'g]5 .
!&)= sDkgL ;Nnfxsf/ af]8{ / sDkgL af]8{sf] ;lrjfno / sd{rf/L ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ bkmf !^*
adf]lhd u7g x'g] sDkgL ;Nnfxsf/ af]8{sf] ;lrjfno sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{nodf /xg]5 .
-@_ bkmf !^( adf]lhd u7g x'g] sDkgL af]8{sf] ;lrjfno pBf]u dGqfnodf /xg]5 .
-#_ sDkgL af]8{sf] ;lrjfnodf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] ;ª\Vofdf sd{rf/Lx? /xg]5g\ .
!&!= sDkgL af]8{sf] lj36g M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L o; P]g adf]lhd
cbfnt tf]s]sf ldltb]lv bkmf !^( adf]lhd ul7t sDkgL af]8{ :jtM lj36g x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sDkgL af]8{ lj36g ePkl5 ;f] af]8{df sfo{/t cWoIf, ;b:o tyf
cGo sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm :jtM ;dfKt x'g]5 / ;f] afkt lghx?nfO{ s'g} Ifltk"lt{ jf yk /sd
e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{ 5}g . cGo sfof{noaf6 ;f] af]8{df sfh v6fOPsf sd{rf/Lx? eP lghx?sf] sfh
:jtM ;dfKt x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sDkgL af]8{ lj36g ePkl5 o; P]g adf]lhd ;f] af]8{df k/L
sf/afxL rln/x]sf jf lg0f{o x'g af“sL /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ d'2fx? tyf tT;DaGwL lgj]bgx? cbfntdf
;g]{5g\ .
119
kl/R5]b–@!
ljljw
!&@= sDkgLsf] clen]v / sDKo"6/sf] k|of]u M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd sDkgLn] /fVg' kg]{ lg0f{ok'l:tsf,
z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfsf] btf{ lstfa, z]o/wgLsf] ;"rL, lx;fa lstfa tyf n]vf cflbsf]
clen]v 5'§} lstfadf r9fO{ /fVg] u/L jf o; bkmfdf ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf] k|lts"n gx'g] u/L ljB'tLo
;~rf/ ;fwg tyf sDKo'6/sf] dfWodaf6 k9\g g;lsg] -gg\ n]lhjn_ lsl;dn] ;d]t jf cGo s'g}
tj/af6 clen]v v8f x'g] u/L /fVg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ s'g} lg0f{ok'l:tsf, btf{ lstfa, z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfsf] ;"rL, lx;fa lstfa tyf
n]vf cflbsf] clen]v lstfa v8f gu/L cGo s'g} tl/sfaf6 /flvPsf] ePdf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5
M–
-s_ o:tf] lg0f{ok'l:tsf, btf{ lstfa, z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfsf] ;"rL jf n]vf cflbsf]
clen]v /flvPsf] 7fp“df ;lhn};“u kx'“r x'g] ePdf / To;nfO{ x]g{ jf ;f] 7fp“af6
;f] k|ltlnlk k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] ePdf ;f] s'g} vf; 7fp“df /flvPsf] dflgg]5 .
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] clen]v s;}n] laufg{ jf km]/jbn ug{ g;Sg] / o;df clen]v
ul/Psf] s'/f ;lhn};“u kQf nufO{ x]g{ / o;sf] k|ltlnlk lgsfNgsf] nflu sDkgLn]
kof{Kt Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-u_ s'g} s'/f ;/;tL{ k9\g g;lsg] lsl;dn] /]s8{ ul/Psf] eP To;nfO{ ;lhn} k9\g
;lsg] u/L l/k|f]8\o"; ug{ ;lsg] x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ o; bkmf cg';f/ ljB'tLo ;~rf/ ;fwg jf sDKo'6/sf] k|of]u u/L j]e ;fO6df s'g}
lg0f{ok'l:tsf, btf{ lstfa, z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfsf] ;"rL, lx;fa lstfa tyf n]vf cflbsf]
clen]v /flvPsf] eP To;/L lnvtx? tof/ ul/Psf] ldlt / ;+zf]wg ul/Psf] ldlt;d]t :ki6;“u
b]lvg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ sDkgLn] o; P]g adf]lhd /fv]sf] s'g} lg0f{ok'l:tsf, btf{ lstfa, s'g} ;"rL, lx;fa
lstfa tyf n]vfsf] clen]v ;/;tL{ k9\g g;lsg] lsl;dn] -gg n]lhjn kmd{_ clen]v u/]sf] eP
/ ;f]sf] lg/LIf0f ug{ lbg' kg]{ jf ;f]sf] k|ltlnlk k]z ug'{ kg]{ u/L s'g} sfg"gn] sDkgLsf] bfloTj
lgwf{/0f u/]sf] eP To:tf clen]vsf] ;fGble{s c+z lg/LIf0f ug{ / x]g{ ;lsg] jf ;lhn};“u k9\g
;lsg] 9f“rf -n]lhjn kmd{_ df o;sf] k|ltlnlk k]z ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' sDkgLsf] bfloTj
x'g]5 .
120
!&#= g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf ;+:yfg sDkgLdf kl/0ft x'g ;Sg] M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{
jf cf+lzs :jfldTj /xg] u/L k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;+:yflkt ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg jf ljsf; ;ldlt
P]g, @)!# adf]lhdsf] ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] sDkgLdf kl/0ft ug{ rfx]df o; P]g
cg';f/ To:tf] ;+:yfg jf ;ldltnfO{ klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft u/L ;+:yfkgf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] sDkgL
;+:yfkgf ubf{ ;+:yfks z]o/wgLsf] ;ª\Vofdf s'g} aGb]h /xg] 5}g .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;+:yfg jf ;ldltsf] rn crn ;DklQ d"Nof°g u/L pkbkmf -
!_ adf]lhd ;+:yfkgf x'g] sDkgLsf] z]o/ k'“hLdf kl/0ft ug{ ;lsg]5 / To;/L kl/0ft ePdf
lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s To:tf] ;+:yfg jf ;ldltsf] ;Dk"0f{ hfoh]yf / bfloTj
To:tf] sDkgLdf ;g]{5 .
-$_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o; bkmf adf]lhd ;+:yflkt sDkgLsf]
;~rfns ;ª\Vof sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 / To:tf ;~rfnsn] ;~rfns
x'gsf] nflu z]o/ lng' kg]{ 5}g .
-%_ o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] sDkgLn] cfgf] z]o/ lghL If]qnfO{ lwtf]kq ahf/ dfk{mt jf
jftf{af6 ;f]em} Psd'i6 laqmL ljt/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!&$= ;flasjfnfn] xfnjfnfnfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{ M s'g} ;~rfns jf sDkgLsf cGo s'g} kbflwsf/L jf
♣sd{rf/Lsf] lhDdfdf /x]sf] sfuhkq tyf clen]v lghsf] axfn 6'6]kl5 lghsf] 7fp“df sfd ug{
lgo'Qm ePsf] xfnjfnf ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/LnfO{ cfgf] axfn 6'6]sf] tL; lbgleq
a'emfpg' kg]{{5 / ;f] adf]lhd ;flasjfnfn] a'emfpg cfPdf xfnjfnfn] klg a'lemlng' kg]{5 .
!&%= ;Da4 sDkgLaLr sf/f]af/ M -!_ b]xfosf sDkgLx?aLr s'g} Ps sDkgLn] csf]{ sDkgLnfO{ k|ToIf
jf ck|ToIf ?kdf C0f jf cGo lsl;dsf] cfly{s ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{, s'g} bfloTj e'Qmfg ug,]{ hdfgt
jf cGo s'g} k|sf/sf] ;'/If0f k|bfg ug]{ ;Demf}tf jf Joj:yf ePsf] jf lgoldt Jofkfl/s sf/f]af/
afx]ssf] cGo s'g} sf/f]af/ ePsf]df ;Da4 sDkgLx?aLr sf/f]af/ ePsf] dflgg]5 M–
-s_ s'g} sDkgL / To;sf] d'Vo sDkgL,
-v_ s'g} sDkgL / To;sf] d'Vo sDkgLsf] cGo ;xfos sDkgL,
-u_ s'g} sDkgLsf] ;xfos sDkgL / To:tf] sDkgLsf] d'Vo sDkgL,
♣klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . -;flas k|fawfgM sd{rf/Lsf] lhDdfdf /x]sf] sfuhkq_
121
-3_ s'g} sDkgLsf] ;xfos sDkgL / d'Vo sDkgLsf] cGo ;xfos sDkgL .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] sf/f]af/ ePdf ;Da4 sDkgLn] cfgf] z]o/wgL tyf sfof{nonfO{
oyf;+ej rf“8f] To:tf] sf/f]af/sf] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf ljj/0f ;d]t vf]nL ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ sf/f]af/sf] ldlt / sf/f]af/df ;+nUg kIfx?,
-v_ sf/f]af/sf] k|s[lt / To:tf] sf/f]af/ cGtu{t C0f k|bfg ug]{, cfly{s ;xof]u k|bfg
ug]{ tyf ;'/If0f lbg] h:tf sf/f]af/ ePsf] eP To;sf] /sd jf d"No .
!&^= sDkgLx?aLrsf] sf/f]af/df k|ltaGw M -!_ s'g} klg sDkgLn] k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf cfgf]
r'Qmf k'“hL / ;l~rt d'gfkmf -lk|m l/he{_ sf] ;f7L k|ltzt jf ;l~rt d'gfkmf -lk|m l/he{_ sf] zt
k|ltztn] x'g] /sddWo] h'g a9L x'G5 ;f] /sdeGbf a9L x'g] u/L s'g} csf]{ sDkgLnfO{ ;fk6L lbg
jf s'g} csf]{ sDkgLn] lnPsf] C0f afkt hdfgt lbg jf cGo sDkgLsf] lwtf]kqdf nufgL ug{
;Sg] 5}g .
t/ a}l°· jf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ sDkgL, ladf sDkgL, ♣lwtf]kqsf] vl/b laqmL ug]{ jf
nufgL dfq ug]{ d"n p2]Zo ePsf] sDkgL, a}° jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 C0f glnPsf] k|fOe]6 sDkgL,
ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ;'ljwf -OGk|mf:6«Sr/ ofl;lnl6_ k'¥ofpg] p2]Zo ePsf] sDkgL tyf d'Vo sDkgLn]
cfgf] k"0f{ :jfldTj ePsf] ;xfos sDkgLdf u/]sf] nufgL, ;f] sDkgLnfO{ lbOPsf] ;fk6L / ;f]
sDkgLn] lnPsf] C0fafkt lbOPsf] hdfgt tyf o; P]g cGtu{t hf/L ePsf] xsk|b z]o/df ul/Psf]
nufgLsf] ;DaGwdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] cwLgdf /xL sDkgLn] s'g} cGo sDkgLnfO{ lbPsf] ;fk6L, To:tf]
sDkgLdf u/]sf] nufgL jf To:tf] sDkgLn] lnPsf] C0f afkt lbPsf] hdfgtsf] ;DaGwdf tf]lsP
adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f /fVg' kg]{5 .
!&&= sDkgL ufleg ;Sg] M -!_ Pp6f klAns sDkgL csf]{ sDkgLdf uflegsf] lgldQ ufleg] sDkgLn]
cfgf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L pkbkmf -#_ sf] cwLgdf /xL csf]{ sDkgLdf ufleg
;Sg]5 .
t/ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] xsdf cfgf] k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf ePsf]
Joj:yf adf]lhd x'g]5 .
♣klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . -;flas k|fawfgM lwtf]kqsf] vl/b laqmL ug]{ d"n p2]Zo ePsf] sDkgL_
122
-@_ s'g} klAns sDkgL k|fOe]6 sDkgLdf ufle“bf jf k|fOe]6 sDkgL klAns sDkgLdf ufle“bf
klAns sDkgL sfod /xg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ufleg] k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf To:tf] sDkgLn] b]xfosf s'/fx? v'nfO{
:jLs[ltsf] nflu tL; lbgleq sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ klAns sDkgLsf] xsdf pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o / k|fOe]6
sDkgL eP ufleg] clwsf/ lbg] k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfsf]
tT;DaGwL Joj:yfsf] k|ltlnlk,
-v_ ufleg] sDkgLsf] clGtd jf;nft / n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg,
-u_ ufleg] / ufEg] sDkgLsf ;fx"x?sf] lnlvt ;xdltkqsf] k|ltlnlk,
-3_ ufleg] sDkgLsf] rn crn ;DklQsf] d"Nof°g, ;DklQ / bfloTjsf] oyfy{ ljj/0f,
-ª_ ufleg] / ufEg] sDkgLn] ufleg] sDkgLsf ;fx"x? / sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lsf
;DaGwdf s'g} lg0f{o u/]sf] ePdf To:tf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk,
-r_ sDkgLx?aLr Ps cfk;df ufleg ;DkGg ePsf] ;xdltkq -:sLd ckm P/]Ghd]G6_ .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf sfof{nodf lbPdf ;f] ;DaGwL cWoog u/L tLg dlxgfleq
sfof{non] cfgf] lg0f{osf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ sfof{noaf6 pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ufleg ;Sg] :jLs[lt k|fKt ePkl5 ufleg] sDkgLsf
;Dk"0f{ ;DklQ tyf bfloTjx? ufEg] sDkgLdf ;/]sf] dflgg]5 .
-^_ sfof{non] sDkgLsf] btf{ nutdf uflePsf] sDkgLsf] af/]df 5'§} clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 .
-&_ sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s
sDkgLsf] PsLs/0f ug]{ jf ufleg] jf z]o/sf] x]/km]/ jf x:tfGt/0f jf sDkgLsf] ;Dk"0f{ hfoh]yfsf]
laqmLdf lnlvt ;xdlt ghgfpg] z]o/wgLn] To;/L PsLs[t eO{ ufleg' jf z]o/sf] cbnLabnL jf
x:tfGt/0f jf hfoh]yfsf] laqmL x'g' cufj} sDkgLsf] ;DklQ d"Nof°g u/fO{ cfgf] z]o/ cg'kftsf]
/sd ufleg] sDkgLaf6 lkmtf{ lng kfpg]5 .
-*_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h';;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Psflwsf/ jf cg'lrt Jofkfl/s
lgoGq0f x'g] jf ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] ljk/Lt x'g] b]lvPdf sfof{non] sDkgL ufleg] :jLs[lt lbg] 5}g .
123
♦-(_ s'g} d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgL csf]{ To:t} d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgLdf uflebf
o; bkmfdf ul/Psf Joj:yf cfjZos x]/km]/ -Do"6fl6; d'6flG8;_ ;lxt nfu" x'g] 5g\ .
!&*= lgb]{zg lbg] clwsf/ M s'g} sDkgL, To;sf] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/L jf cGo s'g} sd{rf/Ln] o;
P]g jf k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnL jf k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] xsdf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tf adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{
s'g} sfd sf/afxL gu/]sf] jf o; P]g jf sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLsf] alv{nfk s'g} sfd sf/afxL u/]sf]
jf ug{ nfu]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] ;"rgf sfof{nonfO{ s'g} lsl;daf6 k|fKt ePdf sfof{non] ;f] s'/fsf]
hf“ra'em u/L jf ug{ nufO{ ;f] adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{ s'g} sfd, s'/f ug{ jf u/fpg jf gug'{ kg]{ s'g}
sfd, s'/faf6 /f]Sg ;DalGwt sDkgL, To;sf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/LnfO{ cfjZos
lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 / To:tf] lgb]{zgsf] kfng ug'{ ;DalGwt JolQmsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
!&(= af]g; z]o/ M -!_ sDkgLn] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L nfef+z af“8\g ;lsg] /sdaf6
cfgf] z]o/wgLx?nfO{ af]g; z]o/ hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sDkgLn] af]g; z]o/ hf/L ug'{ kbf{ To:tf] z]o/ hf/L ug'{ cufj}
sfof{nonfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
!*)= o; P]g jf lgodfjnLsf] alv{nfk eP u/]sf sfd sf/afxL ab/ x'g] M o; P]g, k|aGwkq jf
lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s o; P]g, k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnL adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{
s'g} sfd, s'/f gu/L jf gug'{ kg]{ s'g} sfd, s'/f u/L s'g} sDkgLdf jf s'g} sDkgLsf ;DaGwdf
s'g} sfd sf/afxL eP u/]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f] sfd sf/afxL ab/ x'g]5 .
!*!= sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL ;"rgf M -!_ o; P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL adf]lhd s'g} ;"rgf lbg'
kg]{ ePdf / ;"rgf k|fKt ug]{ JolQmn] plNnlvt ;do cufj} jf kl5 ;f] ;"rgf cfjZos gePsf]
s'/f lnlvt?kdf AoQm u/]df ;f] ;"rgf k|fKt u/];/x dflgg]5 .
-@_ s'g} ;efdf z]o/wgL :jo+ jf k|ltlglwdfk{mt pkl:yt ePdf lghn] o; P]g, k|aGwkq jf
lgodfjnL adf]lhd lghn] kfpg] ;"rgfsf] xs kl/Tofu u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
!*@= nfef+z M -!_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf afx]s nfef+z lbg] lg0f{o ePsf] k}+tfnL; lbgleq z]o/wgLx?nfO{
nfef+z ljt/0f u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ s'g} sfg"gn] nfef+z ljt/0f ug{af6 /f]s nufPsf] ePdf,
-v_ nfef+z kfpg] clwsf/ ljjflbt ePdf,
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .
124
-u_ sDkgLsf] sfa'aflx/sf] kl/l:yltdf jf s'g} sf/0fjz ;f] Dofbleq nfef+z ljt/0f
ug{ g;lsg] ePdf .
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs :jfldTj ePsf] sDkgLn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"j{ :jLs[lt
lnP/ dfq nfef+z ljt/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf] sDkgLn]] ljt/0f ug{] nfef+z ;DaGwL ljifodf g]kfn
;/sf/n] cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] Dofbleq nfef+z ljt/0f gu/]df tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] Aofh yk u/L nfef+z
ljt/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ nfef+z 3f]if0ff ubf{ h;sf] gfd z]o/wgLsf] btf{ lstfadf sfod 5 ;f]xL JolQm jf
To:tf] JolQmsf] sfg"g adf]lhdsf] xsjfnf To:tf] nfef+zsf] xsbf/ x'g]5 .
-%_ nfef+z ljt/0f ug{sf] nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] d'gfkmfsf] /sdaf6 afx]s cGo s'g} lsl;daf6
sDkgLn] nfef+zsf] e'QmfgL jf ljt/0f ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
-^_ sDkgLn] s'g} cfly{s jif{df ePsf] d'gfkmfsf] /sdaf6 nfef+zsf] e'QmfgL jf ljt/0f
ug'{eGbf klxn] k"j{ ;~rfng vr{, k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/k|fKt lgsfoåf/f lgwf{l/t n]vfdfg
cg';f/ x|f;s§L ug'{ kg]{ /sd, k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd d'gfkmfaf6 e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{ jf 5'6\ofpg'
kg]{ /sd jf ljutsf cfly{s jif{x?df ePsf] ;l~rt gf]S;fgLsf] /sd k"0f{?kdf s§f ul/;s]sf]
x'g' kg]{5 .
t/ nfef+z ljt/0f ug'{eGbf klxn] s'g} /sdsf] hu]8f jf ;l~rt sf]if v8f ug'{ kg]{ ;DaGwdf
k|rlnt sfg"gn] s'g} Joj:yf u/]sf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] Joj:yf kfngf ug'{ kg]{ sDkgLn] To:tf] hu]8f
jf ;l~rt sf]if v8f gu/L nfe+fz ljt/0f ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
-&_ o; bkmfdf ul/Psf] ljleGg Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf /xL s'g} sDKfgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltn]
cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] d'gfkmfaf6 b]xfosf] cj:yfdf cGtl/d nfef+z ljt/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ cGtl/d nfef+z ljt/0f ug]{ ljifodf lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ul/Psf] eP,
-v_ h'g cfly{s jif{sf] d'gfkmfaf6 cGtl/d nfef+z ljt/0f ug]{ xf] ;f] cfly{s jif{sf]
jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f n]vfk/LIfsaf6 k|dfl0ft eO{ ;~rfns ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t
eO;s]sf] eP .
-*_ ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 :jLs[t nfef+z afx]s sDkgLn] cfgf] sf]ifdf Jooef/ kg]{ u/L
z]o/wgLx?nfO{ gub jf lhG;Lsf] ?kdf s'g} klg /sd e'QmfgL ug{ jf ljt/0f ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
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-(_ nfef+z ljt/0f ug]{ ljifodf sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] lg0f{o u/]sf] ldltn] kf“r jif{sf]
cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 klg s'g} z]o/wgLn] a'lem glnPsf] nfef+zsf] /sd bkmf !*# adf]lhd :yfkgf
x'g] nufgLstf{ ;+/If0f sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!)_ s'g} sDkgLn] pkbkmf -(_ adf]lhdsf] /sd bkmf !*# adf]lhdsf] sf]ifdf hDdf ubf{
;f] pkbkmfdf plNnlvt cjlw ;dfKt x'g'eGbf cufl8 sDtLdf Ps dlxgfsf] Dofb lbO{ nfef+z
a'lemlng cfpg /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!!_ o; P]g cg';f/ z]o/wgLx?nfO{ af“l8g] nfef+zsf] /sd ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 :jLs[t ePsf]
ldltn] k}+tfnL; lbgleq sDkgLn] 5'§} vftfdf hDdf u/L ;f]xL vftfaf6 nfef+zsf] /sd e'QmfgL
ug'{ kg]{5 / To:tf] /sd sDkgLn] cGo sfdsf] nflu k|of]u ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
!*#= nufgLstf{ ;+/If0f sf]if M -!_ sDkgLsf] z]o/df nufgL ug{ k|jfx ePsf] /sd lkmtf{ lng kf“r
jif{leq klg s'g} nufgLstf{sf] bfaL k|:t't x'g gcfPdf To:tf] /sd hDdf ug{ Pp6f nufgLstf{
;+/If0f sf]if :yfkgf ul/g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] sf]]ifdf /x]sf] /sd k'“hL ahf/, nufgL gLlt, sDkgL
sfg"g jf Jofkf/ tyf Joj;fo ;DaGwL k]zfut sfg"gsf] ;'wf/ ug{, sfof{no jf sDkgLsf
sd{rf/LnfO{ k|lzIf0f lbg jf sDkgL k|zf;g ;DaGwL cGo sfo{df vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] sf]ifsf] Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng /lhi6«f/, lwtf]kq
af]8{sf] cWoIf jf lghsf] k|ltlglw / lwtf]kq jhf/ ;~rfng ug]{ ;+:yfx?dWo]af6 lwtf]kq af]8{n]
lgo'Qm u/]sf] Pshgf k|ltlglw;d]t /x]sf] ;ldltn] lg0f{o u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ sfof{non] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd :yflkt sf]ifaf6 ePsf] vr{sf] clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 /
n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] sf]ifdf g]kfn ;/sf/, s'g} bft[ ;+:yf jf s'g} JolQm
jf lgsfoaf6 k|fKt /sd ;d]t hDdf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} nufgLstf{sf] bfaL k|:t't x'g gcfPdf ;f] /sd nufgLstf{
;+/If0f sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{eGbf klxn] To:tf] /sd a'emL lng sDtLdf Ps dlxgfsf] Dofb lbO{
/fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
!*$= sDkgLsf] sfof{no M -!_ k|To]s sDkgLn] cfgf] /lhi68{ sfof{nosf] aflx/ ;a}n] b]Vg] u/L sDkgLsf]
gfd, 7]ufgf g]kfnLdf n]lvPsf] ;fO{gaf]8{ /fVg' kg]{5 .
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-@_ sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ePsf] tLg dlxgfleq k|To]s sDkgLn] cfgf] /lhi68{ sfof{nosf] 7]ufgf
sfof{nodf btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
δ-#_=======
-$_ sDkgL btf{ ePkl5 sDkgLn] cfgf] ;Dks{ 7]ufgf h:t} 6]lnkmf]g, ofS;, Od]n cflbsf]
hfgsf/L sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 / To:tf] 7]ufgf kl/jt{g ePdf kl/jlt{t 7]ufgf cljnDa
sfof{nonfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ sfof{non] sDkgLx?sf] /lhi68{ sfof{nosf] 7]ufgf tyf pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf] 7]ufgfsf]
;"rL qmlds ?kdf tof/ u/L ;j{;fwf/0fsf] lg/LIf0fsf] nflu v'nf /fVg ;Sg]5 .
!*%= sDkgL ;lrjsf] lgo'lQm M -!_ Ps s/f]8 ?k}of“ jf ;f]eGbf a9L r'Qmf k'“hL ePsf] sDkgLn] pkbkmf
-@_ df plNnlvt of]Uotf k'u]sf] g]kfnL gful/snfO{ sDkgL ;lrjsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sDkgL ;lrj ;DaGwL Jofj;flos k|df0fkq hf/L ug]{
clwsf/k|fKt :jb]zL jf ljb]zL lgsfoaf6 sDkgL ;lrjsf] Jofj;flos k|df0fkq k|fKt u/L sDtLdf
b'O{ jif{;Dd ;DalGwt If]qdf sfd u/]sf] jf sfg"g, Joj:yfkg, jfl0fHo jf cy{zf:q ljifodf
sDtLdf :gftsf]kflw xfl;n u/L sDtLdf tLg jif{;Dd ;DalGwt If]qdf jf sDkgL Joj:yfkg If]qdf
sfd u/]sf] g]kfnL gful/s sDkgL ;lrj kbdf lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg]5 .
t/ of] P]g k|f/De x'“bfsf avt axfn /x]sf] sDkgL ;lrjsf] xsdf of] P]g k|f/De ePsf]
ldltn] tLg jif{;Dd of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-#_ ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] ;~rfns To:tf] sDkgLsf] ;lrjsf] ?kdf lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
-$_ s'g} klg JolQm Ps}k6s PseGbf a9L sDkgLsf] sDkgL ;lrjsf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg]
5}g .
t/ s'g} d'Vo sDkgLsf] sDkgL ;lrjnfO{ To:tf] sDkgLsf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] sDkgL ;lrj
kbdf lgo'lQm ug{ o; Joj:yfn] afwf k'¥ofpg] 5}g .
-%_ o; P]g, k|rlnt sfg"g jf lgodfjnL adf]lhd s'g} sfd sDkgL ;lrjn] jf lghåf/f
ul/g] egL Joj:yf ePsf]df ;f] sDkgLdf sDkgL ;lrjsf] kb s'g} sf/0fn] l/Qm /x]df jf axfnjfnf
sDkgL ;lrjn] To:tf] gu/]df jf ug{ c;dy{tf b]vfPdf ;~rfns ;ldltn] To:tf] sfd ug{ kfpg]
δklxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . -;flas k|fawfgM-#_ sDkgLn] sfof{nonfO{ k"j{;"rgf lbO{ cfgf] /lhi68{ sfof{nosf] 7]ufgf kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg]5 ._
127
u/L tf]lslbPsf] o; P]g cg';f/ of]Uotf k'u]sf] sDkgLsf] s'g} sd{rf/Ln] sDkgL ;lrjsf] x}l;otdf
sfd ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!*^= sDkgL ;lrjsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ ;~rfns ;ldlt / ;fwf/0f ;efåf/f ul/Psf
lg0f{ox? / sfof{no jf ;DalGwt lgsfox?åf/f lgb]{lzt s'/fx? sfof{Gjog ug'{, u/fpg' tyf of]
P]g jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sDkgLn] sfof{no jf cGo s'g} lgsfodf k]z ug'{ kg]{ ljj/0f,
sfuhft, lg0f{o cflb lgwf{l/t cjlwleq k]z ug'{ sDkgL ;lrjsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-@_ o; P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL sDkgL ;lrjn] b]xfosf sfd ug]{5 M–
-s_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s jf ;fwf/0f ;ef af]nfpg],
-v_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s jf ;fwf/0f ;efdf 5nkmn ul/g] ljifox?sf] ;"rL tof/
u/L ;DalGwt ;~rfns jf z]o/wgL sxf“ k7fpg],
-u_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s jf ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{ox?sf] clen]v /fVg], k|dfl0ft
ug]{ tyf lhDdf lng],
-3_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ z]o/ af“8kmf“8sf] ;"rgf tyf ls:tf dfusf] ;"rgf
k7fpg],
-ª_ z]o/wgLx?sf] btf{ lstfa / z]o/wgL tyf l8a]~r/jfnfx?sf] nut b'?:t /fVg],
lhDdf lng] / k|dfl0ft ug]{,
-r_ z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] lwtf] aGws hgfpg], x:tfGt/0f jf bflvn vf/]h ug{ ;~rfns
;ldlt jf sfo{sf/L k|d'v;dIf k]z ug]{,
-5_ z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfsf] bfaL, ph"/L, u'gf;f], ;'emfj, ;Nnfx cflb s'g} s'/f
lnlvt?kdf k]z x'g cfPdf ;~rfns ;ldlt jf sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf sfof{no jf
cGo lgsfox? ;dIf k'¥ofpg] / ;f] ;DaGwdf eP u/]sf] sf/afxLsf] glthf
lnlvt?kdf ;DalGwt z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfnfO{ lbg],
-h_ k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ sDkgL ;lrjn] ug'{ kg]{ egL lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] jf tf]lsP
adf]lhdsf] cGo sfo{ ug]{ .
-#_ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o adf]lhd afx]s sDkgL ;lrjn] sDkgLaf6 jf sDkgLdfk{mt
cfk"mnfO{ kmfObf x'g] s'g} sfd ug'{ u/fpg' x'“b}g .
-$_ sDkgL ;lrjn] tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] cfr/0f kfng ug'{ kg]{5 .
128
!*&= z]o/wgLx?aLr ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] dfGotf M -!_ sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkg, ;~rfng tyf
z]o/wgLx?nfO{ k|fKt dtflwsf/sf] k|of]usf] af/]df sDkgLsf z]o/wgLx?sf aLr ePsf] ;Demf}tf
lghx?aLr afWofTds ?kdf nfu" x'g]5 .
t/ To:tf] ;Demf}tfsf] s'g} k|fjwfg sDkgL jf o;sf cNkdt z]o/wgLx?sf] lxt k|lts"n x'g]
ePdf ;f] xb;Dd :jtM lgliqmo x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] b'O{k|lt To:tf] ;+Demf}tf ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq
;DalGwt z]o/wgLn] sDkgLdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L z]o/wgLx?af6 k|fKt ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf]
Psk|lt sDkgLn] ;f] k|fKt u/]sf] kGw| lbgleq sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
♦!*&s= ;DklQ z'4Ls/0fsf] lgjf/0fsf] nflu cfjZos sfo{ ug'{ kg]{ M sDkgLn]] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf
cft°sf/L lqmofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL lgjf/0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd k|lta4tf
JoQm ug{'kg]{ 5 .
!**= sDkgL cWofb]z, @)^@ lgliqmo ePkl5 To;sf] kl/0ffd M sDkgL cWofb]z, @)^@ lgliqmo ePkl5
csf]{ clek|fo gb]lvPdf ;f] lgliqmotfn],–
-s_ ;f] cWofb]z lgliqmo x'“bfsf avt rNtL gePsf] jf sfod g/x]sf] s'g} s'/f klg
hufpg] 5}g,
-v_ ;f] cWofb]z adf]lhd rfn" ePsf] s'/f jf ;f] adf]lhd /Lt k'¥ofO{ cl3 g} ul/Psf] s'g}
sfd jf ef]lu;s]sf] s'g} s'/fnfO{ c;/ kfg]{ 5}g,
-u_ ;f] cWofb]z adf]lhd kfPsf], xfl;n u/]sf] jf ef]u]sf] s'g} xs, ;'ljwf, st{Jo jf
bfloTjdf c;/ kfg]{ 5}g,
-3_ ;f] cWofb]z adf]lhd ul/Psf] s'g} b08 ;hfo jf hkmtnfO{ c;/ kfg]{ 5}g,
-ª_ dfly n]lvPsf] s'g} To:tf] xs, ;'ljwf, st{Jo, bfloTj, b08 ;hfosf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf]
s'g} sfd sf/afxL jf pkfonfO{ c;/ kfg]{ 5}g / ;f] cWofb]z sfod /x];/x To:tf]
s'g} sfg"gL sf/afxL jf pkfonfO{ klg z'? ug{, rfn" /fVg jf nfu" ug{ ;lsg]5 .
♦klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ylkPsf] .