SDCAS AnnRep19 3.qxp SDACS · coming under increasing pressure. Southwark Day Centre for Asylum Seekers Substandard housing and homelessness remain a major issue (see p15 for more).

REPORTANNUAL

2018/19

Southwark Day Centre for Asylum Seekers

Gillian Reeve, SDCAS Chair

About

1 Director’s report 2 Our clients’ stories3 Introduction to the Southwark

Day Centre for Asylum Seekers4 What we achieved in 20196 Our services:

advice and advocacy 8 Our services:

support and welfare10 Our services:

skills and confidence 12 Thank you to our volunteers13 Thank you to our partners and

patrons14 Thank you to our funders 15 Our work on homelessness16 Treasurer’s report

Who we are● Pauline Nandoo, Director (full-time)● Judith Ahikire, Administrator● Bettina Dreier, Day Centre Leader● Peter Williams, Day Centre Leader● Vanessa Sutherland, Play Leader● Warren Lee, Early Action

Development Worker● Olabisi Taiwo, Early Action

Development Worker● Mateusz Sochacki, ASRP volunteer

Trustees● Gillian Reeve, Chair● Caroline McGill, Treasurer● Sallie Barnes● Gay Barry● Mary Boley● Tod Heyda● Sally Inman● Jane Kelly● Ajoke Sarah Ojjo● John Rhodes● Andy Roberts● Simon Taylor

We operate through 3 Day Centres:● Copleston Centre, Copleston Road, SE15 4AN, open Tuesdays, 12.30-5.00pm● Peckham Park Baptist Church, 121 Peckham Park Rd, SE15 6SX,

open Wednesdays, 11.30am-4.30pm● St Mary Newington, Kennington Park Road, SE11 4JQ,

open Thursdays, 1.00-5.00pm

Cover photo: one of SDCAS’ two allotments

1

Director’s reportThe benefits gainedfrom using ourcentres continue to

be very positive and we wholeheartedlythank everyone including the volunteerswho help make this possible. Ourholistic services help to improve the all-round wellbeing of our clients at a timemost needed.

This year it has been particularly difficultto know how to help destitute clientssleeping rough with no money for foodor shelter. The impact on everyone hereis enormous and reaches crisis point attimes. In response we have joined a 3-year partnership programme withRefugee Action and other refugee groupsto explore various early interventionapproaches, with two members of ourteam being assigned to this work. Theiraccount of the project is included in thisreport. For us, the project meansdeveloping our knowledge of this issueand finding practical tools to manage

expectations when we are dealing withclients and homelessness. Buildingconnections with hosting agencies andsecuring more timely winter shelterinformation has helped more clients findshelter sooner. In the north of theborough, at our Kennington centre, thedemand for our advice services isincreasing significantly. The centre issupported by local funders United StSaviours and Wakefield and Tetley, whohave made possible a wide range ofactivities that include an Englishlanguage class, arts and crafts, awomen’s group and a singing group.Local people are becoming much moreinformed about our service through ourdoor-to-door leafleting around the area.We hope to make new connections andreach more people from this site.

We are always keen to develop effectivepartnerships and this year we welcomedthe opportunity to work with LewishamRefugee and Migrant Network who are

funded to support clients affected bygender-based violence with welfare andimmigration issues. This service isavailable at two of our centres. Also, Iwould like to mention the longstandingpartnership with Action ReconciliationService for Peace (ARSP) who provide uswith some excellent young full timevolunteers from Poland. Throughout theyear they help maintain/ providecontinuity across the three centres andbring great skills (including IT) to helpwith everyday tasks in the office andcentres. We particularlythank MateuszSochacki (right) ourASRP volunteer fromSeptember 2018 –August 2019.

Whilst SDCAS has a strong track recordwe could not do this without all oursupporters and the team listed in thisreport who help sustain and advanceour work with asylum seekers andrefugees.

Pauline Nandoo

Annual Report 2018/19

2

How we help: our clients’ stories


referred her to the Southwark LawCentre, who helped her make a fresh,successful claim for asylum. With herrefugee status granted, Citizens Advicehelped apply for her three children,who were still in the Ivory Coast, to livewith their mother. After 6 years ofwaiting, the family was reunited, and itwas amazing for all of us at SDCAS tobe part of it.

Spotlight on family reunion cases...So many of our clients have had toleave their children behind. This causesagony for the parent waiting on adecision from the Home office,wondering year after year if their

children are safe. One clientfrom the Ivory Coast

faced several negativedecisions from theHome Office. We

I am 19 years old. This is my story...

I grew up with my grandparentsin Eritrea. I don’t knowanything about my fatherwho was jailed in Ethiopia. Mymother moved to the United

Kingdom but it took 10 yearsto grant her residence permit.

My journey to join her started inSudan but did not go well. My appealwas refused twice by the UK

embassy, and everything seemedhopeless. My mother was hugelyafraid for my safety and went toSDCAS for help. They contacted theUNHCR in Khartoum who confirmed Iwould face persecution if I returnedto Eritrea. SDCAS helped with myvisa application and in 2015 I finallygot my visa. I was warmly welcomedby SDCAS with a big welcoming

party - I have never felt soloved! As a new arrival in a newcountry, SDCAS provided me witheducation and immigration advice. Iam studying for access to highereducation in a London college. Andwith SDCAS support, I got traveldocuments and a residence permitwithin three months.

Every refugee’s story is different andtheir anguish personal. But SDCAS givesall the courage not only to survive butto preserve and rebuild our lives. This isthe kind of hope that enables us to livefully in thepresentmoment.

Right: produce from our allotment 3


Introduction to SDCAS

We achieve:● In 2019 there were over 5700 visits to

our day centres by 1145 people, up12% on last year.

● They came from more than 30countries of origin and fromthroughout Southwark (and beyond).

● We provided support at a cost of nearly£183,000. In the following pages youcan read about our achievements andthe help we offer.

The Southwark Day Centre for AsylumSeekers opened its doors in 1997. Weoperate through 3 day centres in theborough, each of which is open one daya week to provide support to bothrefugees and asylum seekers. At ourcentres vulnerable people are advisedabout their rights, can learn the skills tointegrate into the local community, andcan access healthcare and othersupport.

Most asylum seekers live on anallowance of just over £5 a day, areisolated, lonely and traumatised by pastevents. They face a long and uncertainprocess to gain asylum in the UK withvery few places to go for help. Eventhen it can be a struggle to acquire theskills and confidence to live hereindependently. It is these challengesthat SDCAS exists to support, workingclosely with other local and nationalcharities.

We offer:● practical help such as a hot meal,

clothing, food, toiletries, a creche;● health support both physically and

mentally;● advice and guidance typically on

immigration, benefits and housingissues (signposting our clients tospecialist partner organisations asneeded);

● skills and confidence buildingincluding English language andemployment skills training;

● a welcoming and friendlyenvironment with theopportunity to socialisewith others.

‘It’s important tocelebrate the good things…and to have amemorablecake’

Who are our clients? Why do they cometo SDCAS and how do we help them?The number of visits to our day centresincreased by 12% in 2018/19 followingthe pattern of steady growth in demandover recent years. Nearly 1,150 peoplesought help from SDCAS in 2018/19 andbetween them they made over 5,700visits (though this does not mean anaverage of 5 visits each – in reality manyasylum seekers are quickly relocated toother parts of the country, while otherclients are regular visitors with a rangeof problems).

Most of our clients seek help aboutimmigration (25%), housing (22%) andbenefits (17%). As ‘limited leave toremain’ status must be reapplied forusually on a 2.5-year basis (usually onpayment of a very substantial fee),immigration is a key area of need.

4

What we achieved in 2019

We have received expertassistance from GaryGoddard at Citizens Advice Southwark and theSouthwark Law Centreteam although that help iscoming under increasingpressure.


Substandard housing and homelessnessremain a major issue (see p15 for more).

The cost of providing ‘financial support’has doubled this year, namelyemergency funding for those whocannot afford necessities or essentialcosts such as transport to immigrationhearings in other UK cities.

The ‘other’ category includes educationand employment advice.

Areas ofNeed

Benefits – 17%

Housing – 22%

Other – 12%

Financial Support – 7%

Debt – 5%

Country of Origin (%)

NigeriaIran Ivory CoastIraqAfghanistan Eritrea Syria Sudan Sierra LeoneOther

20

28

7

6

24

3

6

222

Immigration – 25%

Health – 11%

She first came to SDCAS for advice onpractical issues and then joined ourart group. There she explained howshe was suffering extremes ofloneliness, despair and uncertaintyabout her future. The sharing of thesefearful memories with us helped hergain strength and she graduallybecame more confident. M. comesacross as an incredibly resilientwoman. Always smiling, she has madegood friends everywhere she hasstayed. Her English is improvingrapidly. She is currently in college,studying to become a nurse, workingvery hard to be able ‘to take care ofother people’.

M’s story ...M. is a young woman from Cameroonwho arrived in this country a fewyears ago. She was a successfulprofessional and an accomplishedathlete in her country until she facedhomophobic persecution includingrejection by her family who thoughtshe was possessed. She receivedconstant threats and intimidationfrom the police and at times sufferedcruel and inhuman treatment in policecustody.

As a result she developed serioushealth problems physically andmentally. She decided to come toLondon to seek asylum.

5Annual Report 2018/19

ImmigrationStatus Refugees – 39%

Asylum Seeker– 31%

Indefinite leave toremain/EU citizen – 11%

Migrant – 18%

This year we helped clients from over 30countries.

Our clients and their families – some ofthem victims of human trafficking –came from a list of countries that alsoincludes Albania, DR Congo, Somalia,Vietnam and Zambia. Nearly half of ourclients come from Nigeria and Iran.

We have seen fewer asylum seekers this year (31% of our client populationcompared with 45% last year). Thenumber of migrants has risen slightlywhile those with status – the majority –

continue to need our services until theyare able to find work, can be reunitedwith their families, or acquire the skillsand confidence to live independently inthis country.

housing. We try to ensure access tohousing, education and healthcare andwe have been lucky to have therapistson site two days per week.Navigating the complicated benefitssystem is one of our challenges.Universal Credit delays andcomplications with housing benefitpayments have been a daily occurrence.

At times we accompany clients toimportant appointments and hearingsin court but most of all we listen tosomebody’s concerns and reflect withthem on ways forward. The need foradvice is never-ending.

The dehumanising asylum processleaves people in the most humiliatingsituations. At the Southwark Day Centrefor Asylum Seekers we try to stand withthose who are struggling with injustice- we try to tackle the causes whilelooking for a way out.6

This year has been another challengingyear with the refugee crisis worseningglobally and the hostile environmentmaking life in the UK extremely difficultfor our clients. Our team of staff,volunteers and external colleagues fromthe Southwark Law Centre, CitizensAdvice and other organisations offeradvice on immigration, welfare and


What we do: advice and advocacy

An advice session at PeckhamPark Road centre


This year we revolutionised the waywe record and access informationabout client problems. We now have acloud-based system which allows up-to-date client information to beimmediately and securely accessed byany of our advisers at all our centres.The genuinely user-friendly softwarewas created for us pro bono by JonRickard at Ebase Technology.

The associated laptop and internetupgrade costs have been met by agenerous grant from theClothworkers’ Foundation and theWakefield and Tetley Trust. We areextremely grateful to all three.The system has been enthusiastically

welcomed by our staff and advisers. Ithas greatly increased our efficiency inprogressing cases. The quality,consistency and speed of our adviceare all better and advisers aren’twriting up paper records in their owntime. Above all it means thatclients no longer face theemotional pain andfrustration of having torepeat their problems atdifferent centres. The system can beadapted for use by otheradvice agencies and weare also singing itspraises to our partnerorganisations.

Our brilliant new IT system

When I got here I was so happy because immediately I sawsomeone who said ‘just come in, just come in’. So I filled in theform, advice, lunch. They sat me down and said ‘its ok, someonewill attend to you now’. The friendliness of this community! “

“

7

8

What we do: support and welfare

otherprimaryservices suchas helping get appointments andprescriptions, make referrals, forexample to counselling services, offermaternity advice and care, and givegeneral advice on staying healthy. Theyalso help clients whose languagebarriers can prevent them getting theright care to access language support.

In this way their work helps peoplecope, and addresses specific medicalneeds.


We provide around 150 meals eachweek. Much of the food is donatedby Fareshare. Each week they let usknow what they can provide, so ourvolunteer cooks can plan meals andbuy anything that is missing, locally.

It takes around 3 hours to prepareand cook the meal – separate hotdishes for meat-eaters andvegetarians with a salad and pudding- and another few hours to wash-upand clear.

Some food is offered to clientswithout cooking facilities for theirevening meal.

Our day centres offer a hot meal, awelcome, a sympathetic and supportivehearing, a creche, clothing and toiletriesfor children and adults, and emergencysupport for people who can’t afford thebasics to keep them going through theweek. This practical and moral support isa lifeline for many people.

In addition, many of our clients havehealth needs both physical and mentalas a result of past traumas, and currentstresses and living conditions. Guy’s andSt Thomas’s Health Inclusion Team visitour Peckham Park Road day centre onWednesdays to provide holistic adviceand support to clients.

Yvonne and Karima from the team –nurse and case worker – typically see 10– 15 people each session. They offer ahealth assessment to clients to identifytheir needs, and may then provide ahealth check-up, facilitate access to

Lunch at the Day Centre


We very much enjoy working at thecreche, it is a nice introduction to thenursery setting.

Children and parents alike benefit from thisamazing service SDCAS provides. Children lookforward to joining us and have a fun time forfew hours.

Maurizio and Honorine –Working at the Creche

You can eat hot food here, I socialise and I havefriendships here. I feel like I have security here.When I come here, I am more relaxed. This is theonly place I feel safe.“ “

I want the Centre to survive and to help others in the future. You see becauseif I had come and this Centre didn’t exist I cannot imagine what my life wouldbe. I want it to continue, to help people in the future because when you arealone many things go through your head, if the Centre wasn’t here youwouldn’t know what to do

“ “ Above: Examples from an Art workshopat Barry House accommodation centre

Right: A lovely table of foodfor our Noruz celebration

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What we do: skills and confidence

At the day centres volunteers sharetheir skills in ways that help our clientsfeel a sense of belonging and regain theself-confidence they need to build a fulllife for themselves and their families inthis country. Involvement in creativework is therapeutic. Volunteers provideart, pottery, music and storytellingworkshops as well as the opportunity totend our two allotments.

Work and living skills are equally vital.Our clients can learn English and receiveadvice on writing their CV, managingtheir finances and other UK life skills.Our partner organisations (listed onpage 13) deliver many of these skillssessions while volunteers give Englishlanguage (ESOL) tuition.

ESOL class sizes are typically 3-10people with a wide range of abilities andneeds.


Fairbeats has been running music clubsfor children at SDCAS each schoolholiday since September 2018. At thesessions children learn new musicalskills and explore their creativitythrough making new music together.We also support children and their

families to take part in music-makingoutside SDCAS at Camberwell ChoirSchool, The Albany Theatre and withMultistory Orchestra. Next year we willcreate and record a song with thechildren and hope to perform it atTheatre Peckham in summer 2020. The project is funded by Youth Music,National Lottery Community Fund,Newcomen Collett and Arts CouncilEngland.

FairbeatsAn English class at St Mary’s


We were very sad to lose a much-loved colleague, Anne-Catherine LeDeunff, to a year-long battle withillness. Anne-Catherine worked atSDCAS for several years. A qualifiedvolunteer art therapist, she ran artworkshops at our centres as well as atBarry House temporaryaccommodation centre.

Creative processes like art areimportant to our clients in allowingthem to tell their stories and expresstheir feelings in an indirect, non-confrontational way. The naturalempathy and understanding which

Anne-Catherine Le DeunffAnne-Catherine brought toher work with survivors oftrauma meant that her work wasgreatly valued, an importantcomplement to the more directinterventions we make via our adviceservice.

Since her passing many formercolleagues and clients of the daycentre have spoken about Anne-Catherine’s gentle and sympatheticnature and her unstintingcommitment and devotion to ourwork helping asylum seekers andrefugees. She is greatly missed.

After completing a Masters last year, I was struggling to find a full-time jobin London. I’d been leaningincreasingly towards the charitablesector, and a few months ago bychance I saw an SDCAS advert for

volunteers in a local newsbulletin.

I recognised anopportunity tobecome moreactive in mycommunity andapplied.

Volunteering atSDCAS has been a

Abi’s story...thoroughly humbling experience, onethat has challenged me to stepoutside my comfort zone and learndetails of immigration, benefits,healthcare and homelessness servicesI had no prior exposure to.

I enjoy a running joke with one clientwhom I’ve helped most weeks sincestarting that he is my advice coach.

Thanks to SDCAS, I’ve met so manyintelligent, engaging and positivepeople – clients and volunteersalike – who continue to help mebecome a better advice volunteer, andwho have inspired me to pursuehumanitarian work going forward.

SDCAS is fortunate to work with astable, caring and committed group ofover 40 volunteers. They bring a widerange of skills to a large variety of work,from running activities – Englishclasses, art, music, storytelling,gardening – to advising clients, cooking,counselling staff and volunteers,fundraising and more. Some areretired professionals butmany are juststarting theirworking livesand come toSDCAS fornewexperienceand skills.

12

Thank you to our volunteers


The team at St Marys: From left, back row: Peter, Yoshi, Kate, Owen, Ann. Front row: Warren, Jess, Abi.


Thank you to our partners and patrons

SDCAS could not provide the wide rangeof services our clients need without theclose support of local and nationalagencies. Our partnerships withorganisations such as the SouthwarkLaw Centre, Citizens Advice, Guys and StThomas’, the churches whose space weuse – and the many others listed belowand discussed throughout this report –is fundamental to our achievement.

Our heartfelt thanks and appreciation to:● Action Reconciliation Service for

Peace (ARSP)● Citizens Advice Southwark● Compass Project, Birkbeck, University

of London● Distinct Family Services● Fairbeats● Fareshare Community Food Network● Goldsmiths, University of London● Groundworks Employment

and Skills Service

● Health Inclusion Team, Guy’s and St Thomas’

● Horniman Museum● Kids and Play● Lewisham Refugee & Migrant

Network● Refugee Action● Robes Project● Southwark Law Centre● Southwark Refugee Communities

Forum● Surrey Docks Farm● Voices Welcome

We also thank our patrons for their support this year:● Riz Ahmed – Actor● Councillor Anood Al-Samerai –

London Borough of Southwark● Rt Hon Harriet Harman – MP

Camberwell and Peckham● Helen Hayes - MP Dulwich and

West Norwood● Sir Simon Hughes – Former MP

Bermondsey and Old Southwark,Community leader

● Dr Woyin Karowei Dorgu –Bishop of Woolwich

● Rt Rev Patrick Lynch – AssistantBishop in South-East London

● Barbara Pattison – Chair, SE5 Forum● Veronica Ward – Former Councillor,

London Borough of Southwark.

The summer picnic in Lettsom Gardens

In October we were pleased towelcome more than a hundred gueststo an evening of music, readings, foodand friendship in memory of Anne-Catherine Le Deunff. It is a testamentto the affection and respect in whichAnne-Catherine is held that more thana hundred friends, including SDCAScolleagues past and more recent and

— especially — clients attended theevening. We as an organisation areparticularly grateful for the fact thatAnne-Catherine asked for donationsgiven at her funeral and at theCopleston gathering to be passed tothe day centre, and for many of herown works of art to be auctioned inaid of our work.14


Thank you to our fundersSDCAS is entirelydependent on thegenerosity of ourfunders – individualsand organisations - whobetween them enableeverything we do. Thisis an opportunity to say

A HUGE THANK YOU to all of them.This year we have benefited from anumber of really touching donations:from the outstandingly generousSouthwark Councillor Helen Dennis whoasked her wedding guests to donate toSDCAS instead of giving presents, tochildren fundraising in their schools andsaving their pocket money, to thefamily of Anne-Catherine whosecontribution is described here. As setout in the Treasurer’s report on page 16,the cost of running SDCAS in 2018/19was nearly £183,000. This cost was

funded from income of over £215,000and the surplus enables us to restoreour reserves this year. Income camefrom donations and our expandingFriends’ scheme (£44,000), fromfundraising activity such as the monthlybookstall organised by Ruth Olney andregular concerts organised by FrancesBennett (over £10,000), and from grantsby public and private bodies whosecommitment to equality, opportunityand human rights we share (over£161,000). We are enormously gratefulfor the continuing support of

Southwark Council who againcontributed over £45,000 towards ourrunning costs. Our thanks are due tothe following grant-making bodies andothers for their support: ARSP, Awardsfor All, CWL, Churches, Clothworkers’Foundation, Community Fund, EnidMaud Emillis Trust, C&M Fleming FoodProject, Henry Smith Charity, TheLondon Community Foundation, PeoplesHeath Trust, Refugee Action, Room forRefugees, Truemark Trust, United StSaviour’s Charity, Wakefield and TetleyTrust, and 29 May 1961 Trust.


Our work on homelessness

A distressing number of our clients arehomeless or face the real risk of beingout on the street.

In the winter months of 2018/19 we sawand supported around 50 homelesspeople who were either sofa-surfing oralready sleeping rough. Others, oftenfamilies, were only keeping a roof overtheir heads at the cost of enduringabusive relationships.

At SDCAS we do not provideaccommodation ourselves, but we workto try and ensure that people do notbecome homeless and help find shelterfor those who do. It is a difficult task forour staff and volunteer advisers.

This year we began a 3-year Early ActionProject to help ensure that the daycentre is supporting its homeless usersin the best way possible. Early Action isa partnership with 8 other charities in

the UK, led by Refugee Actionand funded by the BigLottery to identify andimplement services thathelp asylum seekers beforethey reach crisis point.

Our Early ActionDevelopment Workers (Ola & Warren) have workedspecifically on homelessnesscases at the Centre.

Their aim is to enable our advisers tobe more effective in supporting clientswho have become homeless, and also toknow best how to support those at risk.

So for example they have built up anetwork of organisations that providecrisis shelter in London while alsounderstanding the opportunity forclients to find longer-term housing.They have now set up a programme of

volunteer training, casework and otherholistic support to help frontlineworkers. Once tried and tested at ourCentre sessions, it will be shared withour Early Action partners and potentially more widely.

Image from: https://www.twenty20.com

16Southwark Day Centre for Asylum Seekers

Treasurer’s report

DonationsFriends DonationsChurchesFood ProjectFundraisingSeedbedArm TrustSouthwark CouncilCWLWakefield & TetleyStewardshipHenry SmithPeoples Health TrustARSPLondon CommunityFoundation29th May 1961 TrustAwards for AllC&M FlemingClothworkers FoundationHorniman MuseumRefugee ActionSurrey Docks FarmTruemark TrustUnited Saviour’s TrustEdith Maud Emellis TrustRoom for RefugeesButtle

Total income

Income

31,79911,077750–10,406––45,3212,8504,950–15,0004,29678010,000

–9,8186,0008,00030021,0711,8503,00026,625500155600

215,247

2019 (£)

13,03411,5292,6256,00020,543–5,00045,3213,42511,9009,85015,00012,8884,6007,000

4,000–––––––––––

174,691

2018 (£)

Wages and salariesEmployer’s NICEmployer’s pensionRentEquipmentInsuranceAccountancy feesTelephoneOther office costsTravel ExpensesRefreshmentsARSPHardship AllowanceSundry ExpensesChildcareActivitiesProfessional FeesCounsellingTrainingGardening Project

Costs

Costs

92,6272,7901,70221,2904,8315884,6201,6314,8615,1358,6471,8405,8782,8143,5342,9261,6964557314,782

182,809

2019 (£)

84,5722,02480020,3451,2501,1504,3142,0456,8814,3428,6796,3452,8254,9244,1264,0791,2507,595–16,039

183,580

2018 (£)

Detailed Statement of Financial Activities – 31 March 2019

Staff and volunteers

Ahmadzia’s (third from left in picture above)Kite Exhibition at the Horiman Museum (right)

Amazingly this year’s outing to the beach was sunny again...

How to find us


Co-ordinator: Pauline NandooAdministrator: Judith AhikireCopleston CentreCopleston RoadLondonSE15 4AN

Tuesday12.30-5.00 pmCopleston Centre,Copleston Road,LondonSE15 4AN

Wednesday11.30 am-4.30 pmPeckham Park Road Baptist Church,121 Peckham Park Road,LondonSE15 6SX

Thursday1.00-5.00 pmSt Mary Newington, Kennington Park Road,LondonSE11 4JQ

020 7732 [email protected]

SDCAS@Southwark Asylum

Charity Reg No 1143912Company Reg No 07519992OISC Exemption NoN200100580Advice Quality Standard

How to get involvedVolunteers, supporters and funders – please join us.Contact us on [email protected], call us on 020 7732 0505, or check out our website at sdcas.org.uk if you’d like to know more.

SDCAS AnnRep19 3.qxp SDACS · coming under increasing pressure. Southwark Day Centre for Asylum Seekers Substandard housing and homelessness remain a major issue (see p15 for more).

Documents