Scrutinizing Data Collection Methods Wlingi

8/20/2019 Scrutinizing Data Collection Methods Wlingi

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Presented by Titin Andri Wihastuti

Introduction toData Collection in Nursing

Research


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Diferent Types o Datain the Community

• Opinions, priorities

• Aspirations, motivations

• Level o awareness,

knowlede, attitudes orbelies

• !ehaviors, pra"ti"es

• Assets, skills

•#etworks, asso"iations

• #eeds, ears, problems,"on"erns

• Demoraphi""hara"teristi"s

• $ervi"es or resour"es

provided

• %esident utili&ation oservi"es or resour"es

provided

• #umbers or rates odisease, illness, disability,in'uries

•

$ales transa"tions,pur"hases

• Poli"ies

• Pi"tures, other visuals

• (aps


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)uantitative vs* )ualitative Data

Quantitative:• Colle"ted in the orm o

numbers or per"entaes

• Closed+ended uestions

• Answers who-, what-,when- and where-

• Can demonstrate "auseand efe"t

• Can .represent/ apopulation

• Cannot "olle"t new ideasor responses, only those"onsidered ahead o time

Qualitative:• Colle"ted in the orm o

words, "on"epts,

themes, or "ateories• Open+ended uestions

• Answers how-, why-

• Can provide ri"her,more in+depth data

• Can provide data in arespondent0s own words

• Can e1plore new ideasin a dynami" andunstru"tured way


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2ow do we "olle"t34nd the data-

• $e"ondary data 5

Data someone else has "olle"ted

• Primary data 5

Data you "olle"t


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Data "olle"tion "hoi"e

• What you must ask yoursel5 – Will the data answer my resear"h

uestion-

• To answer that – 6ou mu"h 4rst de"ide what your

resear"h uestion is – Then you need to de"ide what

data3variables are needed tos"ienti4"ally answer the uestion


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Data "olle"tion "hoi"e

• 7 that data e1ist in se"ondary orm,then use them to the e1tent you "an,keepin in mind limitations*

• !ut i it does not, and you are able tound primary "olle"tion, then it is the

method o "hoi"e*


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$e"ondary Data 581amples o $our"es

• County health departments

• 9ital $tatisti"s : birth, death "erti4"ates

• 2ospital, "lini", s"hool nurse re"ords

• Private and oundation databases

• City and "ounty overnments

• $urveillan"e data rom state overnment

prorams• ;ederal aen"y statisti"s + Census, #72,

et"*


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$e"ondary Data 5 Limitations

• 7s the inormation e1a"tly what youneed -

– 7n some "ases, may have to use .pro1yvariables/ : variables that mayappro1imate somethin you reallywanted to measure* Are they reliable-

7s there "orrelation to what you a"tuallywant to measure-


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• What did you 4nd on the rustratin sideas you looked or data on the "ounty

health department0s websites -

• 7s the data set "omplete-

– There may be missin inormation on

some observations –


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• When was it "olle"ted- ;or how lon-

– (ay be out o date or what you want

to analy&e* – (ay not have been "olle"ted lon

enouh or dete"tin trends*

• Are there "onoundin problems-

– $ample sele"tion bias-

– $our"e "hoi"e bias-

– 7n time series, did some observations

drop out over time-


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• Are the data "onsistent3reliable-

– Did variables drop out over time-

– Did variables "hane in de4nitionover time-

• 8** number o years o edu"ation

versus hihest deree obtained*• #o need to reinvent the wheel*

– 7 someone has already ound the

data, take advantae o it*


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$e"ondary Data 5 Advantaes

• 7t will save your money*

– 8ven i you have to pay or a""ess, otenit is "heaper in terms o money than

"olle"tin your own data*

• 7t will save your time*

– Primary data "olle"tion is very time"onsumin*


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$e"ondary Data 5 Advantaes

• 7t may be very a""urate* – When espe"ially a overnment aen"y

has "olle"ted the data, in"redible

amounts o time and money went into it*7t0s probably hihly a""urate*

•

7t has reat e1ploratory value – 81plorin resear"h uestions and

ormulatin hypothesis to test*


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Primary Data 581amples o $our"es

• $urveys

• ;o"us roups

• )uestionnaires

• Personal interviews

•

Observational study• 81periments study

• 8t"*


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Primary Data 5 Limitations

• Do you have the time and money or5

– Desinin your "olle"tion instrument-

– $ele"tin your population or sample-

– Pre testin3pilotin the instrument towork out sour"es o bias-

– Administration o the instrument-

– 8ntry3"ollation o data-


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Primary Data 5 Limitations

•


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Primary Data 5 Advantaes

• The data are e1a"tly what you

need

• The data are hihly "ontrolled


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(a'or Types o Data Colle"tion (ethods

• $el %eport

• Observation• !iophysioloi" measures


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Dimensions o Data Colle"tionApproa"hes

• $tru"ture

• )uanti4ability

• %esear"her obtrusiveness

• Ob'e"tivity


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Types o $el+%eports

=* Lie histories

>* Think+aloud method?* Diaries and 'ournals

@* Criti"al in"idents interviews

* )+sortsB* 9inettes


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Types o $el+%eports "ont0d

E* ;o"us roups dis"ussion

F* 7nterviews 9. Questionnaire

=G*$"ale


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Phenomena Amenable to %esear"hObservation

• A"tivities and behavior

•Chara"teristi"s and "onditions oindividuals

• $kill attainment and perorman"e

• 9erbal and nonverbal"ommuni"ation

•

8nvironmental "hara"teristi"s


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!iophysioloi" (easures

7n vivo measurements

Perormed dire"tly within or on livinoranisms e**, blood pressuremeasures

7n vitro measurements Perormed outside the oranism0s

body e**, urinalysis


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8valuatin 81istin 7nstruments 581amples

• Does instruments measure what youwant to measure -

• 7s the instrument reHe"tive o your"on"eptual de4nition o the variable -

• 7s the instrument well "onstru"ted -

• 7s the readability level o the instrument

appropriate or your population -• What eviden"e is available related to

reliability and validity o the instrument -

• et"


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Choosin an instrument

AppropriatenessAppropriateness

ValidityValidity

ResponsivenessResponsiveness

PrecisionPrecision

InterpretabilityInterpretability

AcceptabilityAcceptability

ReliabilityReliability


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ReerencesReerences

!urns, #*, Irove, $* J*, >GG=* The pra"ti"e o!urns, #*, Irove, $* J*, >GG=* The pra"ti"e o#ursin resear"h 5 Condu"t, Critiue K#ursin resear"h 5 Condu"t, Critiue KGG@* Clini"al$tommel, (*, Wills, C* >GG@* Clini"al

%esear"h 5 Con"epts and Prin"iples or%esear"h 5 Con"epts and Prin"iples orAdvan"ed Pra"ti"e #urses* Philadelphia 5Advan"ed Pra"ti"e #urses* Philadelphia 5Lippin"ott Williams K WilkinsLippin"ott Williams K Wilkins

Polit, ;* D*, 2unler, P* !* >GG* #ursinPolit, ;* D*, 2unler, P* !* >GG* #ursin

%esear"h 5 Prin"iples and (ethods* %esear"h 5 Prin"iples and (ethods* thth

ed*ed*Philadel hia 5 Li in"ottPhiladel hia 5 Li in"ott


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Scrutinizing Data Collection Methods Wlingi

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