Scott Foresman Science 3.5 Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features Science Content Nonfiction Cause and Effect • Captions • Diagram • Call Outs • Glossary Water ISBN 0-328-13820-7 ì<(sk$m)=bdicad< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U by Kim Fields Earth Science
by Kim Fields
Scott Foresman Science 3.5
Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features Science Content
Nonfi ction Cause and Effect Captions
Diagram
Call Outs
Glossary
Water
ISBN 0-328-13820-7
Vocabularycondensation
evaporation
groundwater
precipitation
water cycle
water vapor
wetlands
What did you learn?1. Where can fresh water be found on Earth?
2. Name the different forms of precipitation.
3. How much of Earths surface is covered by water?
4. In this book you have read about how water is cleaned. Write to explain how water is made safe for drinking. Use details from the book in your answer.
5. Cause and Effect What causes condensation to happen at night?
Illustration: 12 Peter BollingerPhotographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd)Opener: Pablo Corral Vega/Corbis Title Page: M. Timothy OKeefe/Bruce Coleman Inc. 2 Jim Brandenburg/Minden Pictures 4 Grant Heilman Photography 5 (BC) Geoff Tompkinson/Photo Researchers, Inc., (TR) Beverly Joubert/NGS Image Collection 7 Goddard Space Flight Center/NOAA/NASA Image Exchange 9 (T) Wolfgang Kaehler/Corbis, (B) Getty Images 10 (BL, CR) Michael P. Gadomski/Photo Researchers, Inc. 11 Aflo Foto Agency 13 Carson Baldwin Jr./Animals Animals/Earth Scenes 14 Dennis Light/Light Photographic
ISBN: 0-328-13820-7
Copyright Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.
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Waterby Kim Fields
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Why is water important?Living Things and Water
Living things need water. Trees and snails need
water to grow. Green plants must have water to make
food. Fish need the oxygen in water.
Your body needs water. Water makes up about
two-thirds of your body. Water helps you in many
ways. Water helps digest food. It carries things to and
from parts of your body.
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Your body uses water to change its temperature.
When its cold, water keeps you warm. When you
are hot, you might sweat. Sweat is a kind of water.
It carries heat away from you.
Some animals live only in water. You can see many
of these animals with your own eyes. Others are tiny.
You cant see those animals without help.
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The Uses of Water
We use water for many things. People get food
from oceans, rivers, and lakes. Farmers use water for
their crops. This water comes from the sky or moves
through pipes.
People need to drink water. Animals need to
drink water too. Water is also used to clean food
and buildings.
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These crops need water to grow.
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We use water to make
electricity. Running water
turns wheels. These wheels
make power we can use. The
power travels through wires
to our homes.
We use water to travel.
Ships carry goods we use
across water. We even play
in and around the water.
Water is used in many factories.
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Land 25%
Water 75%
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The Planet of Water
Earth is called the blue planet. Three-fourths of its
surface is covered with water.
Most of Earths water is salty. Salt water makes up
Earths oceans. Some of the salt comes from rocks.
Some salt also washes off the land. This salt mixes
with the water.
Why is Earth called the blue planet?
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Salt in ocean water affects our ability to use it. You
cant water plants with ocean water. You cant drink it
either. Factories cant use ocean water to make things.
Water is found in many places. Some water is in
the ground. Some is frozen. A small amount of water
in the air is called water vapor. Water vapor is an
invisible gas. It rises from surface water and mixes
with air.
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Enlarge
Fresh Water
We need to drink fresh water. Fresh water contains
little salt. We could not live without it. A small part of
Earths water is fresh. Most fresh water is frozen.
We get some fresh water from underground. Water
goes down into the soil. Water that collects in between
rocks is called groundwater. People dig wells to get
this water.
Most fresh water is frozen in ice near the North and South Poles.
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Many streams and rivers have fresh water. This
water is always moving. Streams form rivers. Both
streams and rivers can flow into lakes. Wetlands
form when water gathers on low land. The water stays
there for part of the year.
Wetlands are home to many animals. They also
soak up extra water. This helps to stop flooding. The
water in wetlands goes down into the soil. Then it
becomes groundwater.
This stream might flow into a river or a lake.
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How do forms of water change?Forms Water Can Have
Water can freeze during cold weather. In some
places, it stays below 0 degrees Celsius all year. This
means it stays below freezing all year.
The weather is cold for only part of the year in other
places. There, cold weather in the winter freezes the
water. Later, warm weather turns the water back into
liquid form.
What do you think the temperature of the water is in each picture?
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Enlarge
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Water can become a gas. Evaporation is what
happens when water turns into a gas. Energy from the
Sun heats water. It becomes water vapor. You cannot
see water vapor. On hot days you can sometimes feel
sweat on your skin. Sweat evaporates unless there is
too much water vapor in the air.
Water vapor can turn back into a liquid.
Condensation is what happens when water vapor
turns back into liquid water. During the night, air
cools. Water vapor turns into drops of water. These
drops of water are dew.
Dew forms on many plants at night.
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How Does Water Move Around Earth?
Water on Earth is used over and over. Water moves
from Earths surface into the air. Then it returns to
Earth again. This is called the water cycle. This
cycle gives us fresh water.
Water vapor rises into the air. The cooler air causes
it to condense and turn into water droplets or ice
particles. These droplets collect and form clouds.
Precipitation can fall as snow.
Precipitation
Stream water flow
Groundwater flow
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When water particles in clouds grow, they fall faster.
Water falling to Earth is called precipitation. Water
falls to Earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail depending on
the temperature.
Some precipitation goes into the ground and
becomes groundwater. Some runs into oceans, lakes,
rivers, and streams. Surface water later evaporates.
The water cycle continues all the time.
Water vapor
Evaporation
Condensation
Can you name other forms of precipitation?
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Ways to Clean Water
People need clean water. Water may have germs.
It may have salt, dirt, or other things in it. All of this
is taken out of the water we use.
Germs in water can make people feel sick. We want
to drink water that tastes good. Salt or dirt in water
can break machines too.
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This water-cleaning plant is in Chicago, Illinois. It is one of the largest in the world.
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How does water get cleaned? First, it goes to a
water-cleaning plant. Chemicals are sometimes
added to kill germs. Sometimes the water sits in big
tanks. This lets dirt sink to the bottom. Finally, water
is pumped through a filter. Now, the water is clean
and can be used!
Water is everywhere. People and animals need
water to live. We use water for many things. Without
water, there wouldnt be life on Earth!
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Glossary
condensation the process of water vapor turning
into a liquid
evaporation the process of water turning into a
gas
groundwater fresh water that is underground
precipitation water that falls to Earth
water cycle the movement of water from Earths
surface into the air and back again
water vapor water in the air in the form of a gas
that cannot be seen
wetlands places with wet or water-covered
ground at least part of the year
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Vocabularycondensation
evaporation
groundwater
precipitation
water cycle
water vapor
wetlands
What did you learn?1. Where can fresh water be found on Earth?
2. Name the different forms of precipitation.
3. How much of Earths surface is covered by water?
4. In this book you have read about how water is cleaned. Write to explain how water is made safe for drinking. Use details from the book in your answer.
5. Cause and Effect What causes condensation to happen at night?
Illustration: 12 Peter BollingerPhotographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd)Opener: Pablo Corral Vega/Corbis Title Page: M. Timothy OKeefe/Bruce Coleman Inc. 2 Jim Brandenburg/Minden Pictures 4 Grant Heilman Photography 5 (BC) Geoff Tompkinson/Photo Researchers, Inc., (TR) Beverly Joubert/NGS Image Collection 7 Goddard Space Flight Center/NOAA/NASA Image Exchange 9 (T) Wolfgang Kaehler/Corbis, (B) Getty Images 10 (BL, CR) Michael P. Gadomski/Photo Researchers, Inc. 11 Aflo Foto Agency 13 Carson Baldwin Jr./Animals Animals/Earth Scenes 14 Dennis Light/Light Photographic
ISBN: 0-328-13820-7
Copyright Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.
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