Scotland

• 1. Scotland In My Defens God Me Defend"

2. Where is Scotland located? 3. right here 4. Scotlands national flag is commonly known as Saint Andrews Flag or the Saltire and it was adopted in the 16th century. According to a legend Saint Andrew a martyr and Scotlands patron was crucified on an X-shaped cross in Patras, Greece.National day: 30 NovemberNo official anthem unofficial Flower of ScotlandThe Royal Standard was adopted in 1222 by Alexander II, King of Scots.Original version by the Corries (1967) 5. National symbols of ScotlandFloral emblem Heraldic symbol, unicorn was used as a royal standard before the lionKilt(tartan) 6. Demographics 2011 census 5,3 million 96% white, 2.7% Asian, 0.7% Black, 0.4% Mixed, 0.2% Arab Religion Christianity (Church of Scotland) 42.4% Christianity (Roman Catholic) 15.9% Christian (Other) 6.8% Islam 0.8% Hinduism 0.1% Judaism 0.1% Buddhism 0.1% No religion 27.6% Language three official languages: English, Scots and Gaelic almost everyone speaks English (Scottish English) Scots language (Germanic) between 17 and 33% Gaelic (Celtic) only 1% Fertility rate 2.1% 7. Government Devolved government within constitutional monarchy Monarch: Elizabeth II First Minister: Alex Salmond Prime Minister: David Cameron Scottish Parliament established in 1999. Limited self-government 8. Edinburgh Capital of Scotland Centre of Scottish Parliament Population: 482,640 Centre of the Church of Scotland: St Giles Cathedral Second strongest economy after London in the GB Historical places: Holyrood Palace and Edinburgh Castle Many museums and galleries Banking and tourismEdinburgh Castle 9. Glasgow Largest city in Scotland Population: 598,830 Major centre in the Scottish Enlightenment Main industrial centre Large port Second City of the British Empire Shipbuilding, marine engineering, chemicals, textiles Big Asian community Royal Exchange Square, Glasgow Science Centre, Gallery of Modern Art 10. Cuisine Scotlands natural larder consists of hunted animals, fish (mostly salmon), dairy products, fruit and vegetables. Scotland is famous for its porridge and oatcakes, which were already made in 13th century.Perhaps the most famous (or infamous?) Scottish dish is haggis a sort of pudding which is made from a sheeps heart, lungs and liver with onion, oatmeal and spices and simmered inside a sheeps stomachScotland is also renowned for its special blend of whisky. 11. Highland Games and sports Highland games are held every year in different places around the globe with Braemar, Scotland and Dunoon being the most popular. There are so called heavy events, which require a lot of strength, for example tossing the caber, stone put, hammer throw and tugo-war. Attendees wear traditional Scottish clothing (kilts) and traditional music is played with bagpipes.Popular sports in Scotland include rugby, football, cricket, golf and tennis. Perhaps the most known sportsman from Scotland is Andy Murray who won the 2012 Olympic mens tennis title. 12. GeographyBen Nevis 13. Scotlands geography is very varied with rural lowlands to barren highlands. There are unihabitated places but large cities as well.Total area: 78,772 km2 Borders the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the North Sea to the east. The only country Scotland borders is England to the south. Around 31,460 lakes (lochs), Loch Lomond and Loch Ness being the biggest. Many rivers: River Tay (193 km) Around 790 islands in the Shetlands, Orkneys and Hebrides Ben Nevis highest mountain located in Grampian Mountains 1,344 meters high Two national parks: Cairngorms National Park Cairngorms Mountains, Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park biggest lake in the country and surrounding mountains 14. Loch LomondLoch Ness and its famous monster Nessie 15. Isle of Skye 16. Fauna and Flora Animals: Lynx Brown bear Wolf Elk Wildcat Lots of sheep Lots of fishPlants: Fir trees Pines Ferns Scottish Primrose Birch trees Ooooaaakk Thistle 17. Climate Climate is temperate and oceanic Mild winters Lower temperatures than in the rest of Great Britain Western Scotland is warmer than the Eastern part Tiree in the Inner Hebrides is the warmest place Annual rainfall in the Highlands is 3,000mm Annual rainfall in the Lowlands is 800mm 18. Some history First proper settlements around 9,500BC Celts arrive in Britain in 500BC. Picts and Gaels merged and became Scots later also mixing with Britons. 1st century BC Romans invaded Scotland but met with a high resistance Hadrians Wall and Antonines Wall were erected to control the Celts.Oldest house in Scotland 3500BC Orkney Islands 19. After the Romans left The Kingdom of The Picts was established with Kenneth MacAlpin being the first monarch. The line was broken in 1286, and Edward I of England started taking control of Scotland. Wars of Scottish Independence (12961328), led by William Wallace and Robert the Bruce who later became king. In 1603 James VI inherited both the throne of England and Scotland. In 1706 the Treaty of Union was passed and Kingdom of Great Britain was established. 20. In the 18th century many Jacobites Risings took place in Britain and were popular in the Highlands. The 19th century saw large Scottish contributions to science (Scottish Enlightenment). In 1998 the British parliament passed the Scotland Act 1998, and the Scottish Parliament was established once again. 21. Famous Scots Historical figures Poets, writersRobert BurnsWilliam WallaceRobert the Bruce Sir Walter ScottJames VI and IRobert Louis Stevenson A.A. MilneMary, Queen of Scots 22. Scientists and philosophersAlexander Graham Bell first practical telephoneAdam Smith Father of modern economyAlexander Fleming discovered penicillinJohn Watt modernised the steam engine 23. SportspeopleRob Wainwright rugby player Chris Hoy track cyclistAndy Murray tennis playerAllan Robertson one of the first pro tennis players 24. Actors and TV personalitiesBilly Boyd David Tennant Sean ConneryEwan McGregorGordon RamsayBilly Connolly Gerard Butler 25. Musicians and bandsAmy MacdonaldLonnie Donegan Franz Ferdinand The Jesus and Mary Chain