Scoping Report - humancities.co fileHuman Cities Coalition Scoping Report i Table of content 1 - Executive Summary 1 Background 1 Rationale 1 1.1 Short-track locations, themes and

Scoping Report HCC Jakarta Program

Version

05/04/17

Rik Frenkel

[email protected]

humancities.co

Human Cities Coalition Scoping Report i

Table of content

1 - Executive Summary 1

Background 1

Rationale 1

1.1 Short-track locations, themes and target stakeholders 2

1.2 Selection of suitable slum areas for Pilot Project 4

1.3 Ranking of most suitable slum locations, themes and target stakeholders 12

1.4 Conclusions 18

2. Introduction 19

2.1 HCC Foundation 19

2.2 HCC Jakarta Program 20

2.3 Purpose of ‘Scoping’ report 20

3. Goals and Objectives of HCC Jakarta Program 21

3.1 HCC Goal: Inclusive Urban Development of Megacities 21

3.2 Objectives 22

3.3 Aim HCC Jakarta Program 23

4. Approach and Methodology 24

4.1 Multi-stakeholder participation, local ownership 24

4.2 Demand/supply-based, private sector-driven 26

Human Cities Coalition Scoping Report ii

5. Work Plan: 6 ‘Work Streams’ 27

5.1 Work stream 1: Scoping 27

5.2 Work stream 2: Need Assessment 27

5.3 Work stream 3: Political and Economic Assessment 29

5.4 Work stream 4: Innovation Assessment 30

5.5 Work stream 5: Financing Assessment 30

5.6 Work stream 6: Development of Inclusive Business Case 30

6. Progress Work Stream 1: ‘Scoping’ 32

6.1 Rapid Scan of Existing Poverty Conditions (Inventory) 32

6.2 Community Consultation 16

6.3 Private Sector Consultation 17

6.4 Government Consultation 19

6.5 Financing Agencies Consultation 21

6.6 Rapid Scan of existing Policies and Plans, and On-going Programs 22

6.7 Workshop on identification of locations, themes, stakeholders 28

6.8 Short-Track locations, themes and stakeholder 29

7. Conclusions and Recommendations 30

7.1 Conclusions of Work Stream 1 30

7.2 Recommendations for Next Work Streams 2-6 30

Human Cities Coalition Scoping Report iii

Tables of Tables Table 1-1: Indicators and Scoring of Slum Improvement in Kelurahan Kamal Muara ....................................... 12 Table 1-2: Indicators and Scoring of Slum Improvement in Kelurahan Penjaringan.......................................... 13 Table 1-3: Indicators and Scoring of Slum Improvement in Kelurahan Ancol .................................................... 14 Table 1-4: Indicators and Scoring of Slum Improvement in Kelurahan Kalibaru ............................................... 15 Table 1-5: Indicators and Scoring of Slum Improvement in Kelurahan Marunda .............................................. 17 Table 1-6: Summary of Scores and Ranking of Kelurahans ................................................................................ 18 Table 3-1: Sustainable Development Goal 11 Targets ....................................................................................... 21 Table 3-2: Commitments New Urban Agenda ................................................................................................... 21 Table 6-1: Population Projections Jabodetabekpunjur 2010-2050 ...................................................................... 3 Table 6-2: Community Stakeholders (1) ............................................................................................................. 13 Table 6-3: Government Stakeholders (2) ........................................................................................................... 13 Table 6-4: Private Sector Stakeholders (3) ......................................................................................................... 14 Table 6-5: HCC Core Partners (4) ....................................................................................................................... 14 Table 6-6: Financing Agencies (5) ....................................................................................................................... 15 Table 6-7: Urban Renewal Programs Supported by NGOs/CBOs ....................................................................... 16 Table 6-8: Urban Renewal Activities Supported by Private Sector .................................................................... 18 Table 6-9: Poverty Reduction Related Tasks per Government Agency .............................................................. 20 Table 6-10: Urban Renewal Programs Supported by Funding Agencies .............................................................. 21 Table 6-11: Government Policies and Plans and Ongoing Programs ................................................................... 22 Table 6-12: Community Participation .................................................................................................................. 25 Table 6-13: Private Sector Participation............................................................................................................... 25 Table 6-14: Criteria for Kelurahan Pre-Selection ................................................................................................. 29

Table of Figures Figure 1-2: Slum RWs (community groups) of DKI Jakarta based on Kotaku data 2015 ....................................... 3 Figure 1-3: Selected Slum locations projected on BPS 2013 Slum RW Map ......................................................... 4 Figure 1-4: Final Five Selected Slum locations projected on Kotaku 2015 Slum RW Map .................................... 5 Figure 1-5: Slum RWs in Kelurahan Kamal Muara ................................................................................................. 6 Figure 1-6: Slum RWs in Kelurahan Penjaringan ................................................................................................... 7 Figure 1-7: Slum RWs in Kelurahan Ancol ............................................................................................................. 8 Figure 1-8: Slum RWs in Kelurahan Kalibaru ......................................................................................................... 9 Figure 1-9: Slum RWs in Kelurahan Marunda...................................................................................................... 10 Figure 2-1: Core HCC Partners ............................................................................................................................. 19 Figure 4-1: Conceptual Framework of Multi-Stakeholder Participation ............................................................. 25 Figure 4-2: The Market System ............................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 5-1: Critical Path Diagram ......................................................................................................................... 28 Figure 6-2: Systematic Slum and Poverty Inventory ........................................................................................... 33 Figure 6-3: Regional Land Use Change Jabodetabekpunjur 1972-2012 ................................................................ 0 Figure 6-4: Flood Hazard Map of Ciliwung-Cisadane River Basin .......................................................................... 1 Figure 6-5: Land Subsidence Rates in DKI Jakarta (2000-2015)............................................................................. 1 Figure 6-6: Population Density Jabodetabekpunjur 2010 ..................................................................................... 3 Figure 6-7: Jakarta Poverty Distribution Map 2011 .............................................................................................. 4 Figure 6-9: Slum RWs (community groups) of DKI Jakarta based on Kotaku data 2015 ....................................... 5 Figure 6-10: GDRP per Economic Sector ................................................................................................................. 6 Figure 6-11: Distribution of Low Cost Housing Apartments in Jakarta ................................................................... 7 Figure 6-12: Main Road Network in Jakarta ............................................................................................................ 8 Figure 6-13: Electricity Distribution Network Jakarta ............................................................................................. 9 Figure 6-14: Jakarta Flood Control System .............................................................................................................. 9 Figure 6-15: Existing Bulk Water Sources for Jakarta ............................................................................................ 10 Figure 6-17: Waste Services Plan Map Jakarta Year 2010-2030 ........................................................................... 11

Human Cities Coalition Scoping Report iv

Figure 6-18: Stakeholder Groups ........................................................................................................................... 13 Figure 6-19: Lunch Dialogue with Private Sector .................................................................................................. 17 Figure 6-20: Lunch Dialogue with Government Stakeholders ............................................................................... 19 Figure 6-21: Workshop with All Stakeholders ....................................................................................................... 28

Human Cities Coalition Scoping Report v

Glossary of Abbreviations

ADB: Asia Development Ban

BAPPEDA: Regional Development Planning agency

BAPPENAS: National Development Planning agency

BoP: Base of economic Pyramid

BPN: National Land Agency

BPS: Indonesia Statistic Agency

CSR: Corporate Social Responsibility

DKI: Special Capital Region

DPRD: Jakarta House of Representatives

HCC: Human Cities Coalition

HDI: Human Development Index

IDB: Islamic Development Bank

IFC: International Finance Corporation

Jabodetabekpunjur: Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi, Puncak Cianjur

JCDS: Jakarta Coastal Defense Strategy

JEDI: Jakarta Emergency Dredging Initiative

JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency

KJP: Jakarta Smart Card

Kotaku: Cities Without Slums

KTP: Identity Card

LBH: Legal Aid Foundation

M4P: Making Markets Work for the Poor

MBR: Low Income Community

MSMEs: Micro Small Medium Enterprises

MURIA: Marunda Urban Farming In Action

NCICD: National Capital Integrated Coastal Development

NSUP: National Slum Upgrading Program

PKL: Street Vendor

PPP: Public Private Partnership

RPJMD: Regional Middle-Term Development Plan

RTRW: Regional Spatial Plan

UMP: Provincial Minimum Wage

UPC: Urban Poor Consortium

WB: World Bank

Human Cities Coalition Scoping Report vi

Human Cities Coalition Jakarta Scoping Report 1

1 - Executive Summary

Background

The urban agglomeration of Jakarta has a population of over 30 million people, which makes it the second

largest megacity in the world. About 10 million people live in the Province of DKI Jakarta, which is the national

capital of the Republic of Indonesia. The city serves as major engine of the national economy supported by

domestic and foreign business investment.The economic growth in DKI Jakarta during the period 2011-2015 has

been 5.86%, higher than the national growth in Indonesia of 5.18% during the same period. Economic activities

in the urban agglomeration of Jakarta are mainly centered in DKI Jakarta: The GDRP for DKI Jakarta in 2014 was

135 billion USD, or 68.5% of the GDRP of the whole urban agglomeration of Jakarta (197 billion USD). Rapid

urban growth and change is reflected in super-blocks of high-rise office towers, shopping malls and multi-story

apartment buildings. But urban growth has also caused environmental degradation, widening social and income

gaps, and large numbers of poor people living in slums.

Rationale

The Human Cities Coalition (HCC) believes that for inclusive urban development the private sector needs to

take a larger role based on the market principles of demand and supply. To set an example of this approach

HCC intends to implement a pilot project that is focused on urban poverty reduction and slum improvement.

During the ‘scoping phase’ (work stream 1) suitable slum locations, themes and target stakeholders have been

systematically identified, selected and ranked based on an existing data sources, existing policies, plans and

programs, direct field observations and multi-stakeholder consultations. The highest-ranking locations will be

further investigated based on a bottom-up social-physical need assessment, a political-economic assessment,

an innovation assessment, and assessment of financing assessment (work stream 2-5), which in turn shall

provide the inputs for the development of a ‘business case’ for a pilot project (work stream 6).


1.1 Short-track locations, themes and target stakeholders

Jakarta slums according to BPS data.

In 2013 a study was conducted on slums in Jakarta based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics

(BPS) using 11 criteria, at the level of RW1. The study takes slums in 1993 as baseline, and deducts slum

areas that were improved between 1993 and 2013, but does not take into account that during these 20

years many new slums have emerged. The study concludes that Jakarta has 905 hectares of slums

distributed over 223 RWs. Of the 1’003’173 people in these RWs, 640’003 are slum dwellers2. The 11

criteria used by BPS are:

• Population density

• Spatial structure

• Building conditions

• Building ventilation

• Building density

• Road access

• Drainage

• Sanitation

• Garbage collection

• Garbage disposal

• Street lighting

Figure 1-1: Slum RWs (community groups) of DKI Jakarta based on BPS data 2013

Source: HCC mapping based on BPS data 2013

1 Subdivision is based on the hierarchy of National Territory, Provincial Territory, City or District (Kota or

Kabupaten), Sub-district (Kecamatan), Ward (Kelurahan), Community group (RW), Neighborhood group (RT). 2 Based on the BPS data of 2013 the average proportion of poor people in RW with slum areas is 63,8%, with

the assumptions that all poor live in slums

Slum Areas

Critical

Medium

Light

Very Light


The BPS 2013 survey was only using locations in which slums have been identified since 1993. Slum figures are

therefore incomplete.

Jakarta slums according to field surveys of Kotaku.

In 2015 a study was conducted on slums in Jakarta under the Kotaku Program of PUPR Cipta Karya based on 7

criteria, using data from field surveys at the level of RW and RT as their base line. The Kotaku study concludes

that Jakarta has 11’806 hectares of slums distributed over 1’093 RW. Of the 2’438’086 people in these RW,

1’555’6292 are slum dwellers (about 15% of whole DKI Jakarta), of which an estimated 380’000 are living below

the poverty line based on BPS data of 2016. Most critical slum areas are located in the flood-prone coastal area

of northern Jakarta. The 7 criteria used by Kotaku are:

• Building conditions

• Road access

• Water supply

• Drainage

• Sanitation

• Solid waste management

• Fire safety

Figure 1-2: Slum RWs (community groups) of DKI Jakarta based on Kotaku data 2015

Source: HCC mapping based on Kotaku data 2015

For further analyses the data of Kotaku will be used, since they are more complete than the BPS data of 2013.

Slum Areas

Critical

Medium

Light

Very Light


1.2 Selection of suitable slum areas for Pilot Project

In February 2017 HCC made an analysis of slum areas in Jakarta based on GIS maps using the data from BPS and

Kotaku in combination with the wider urban development context of Jakarta. Whereas the BPS and Kotaku

criteria are primarily concerned with physical conditions of buildings and infrastructure, HCC is also concerned

with socio-economic conditions and poverty for which data were used from the Census (2010), Potensi Desa

(2014) and Kecamatan Dalam Anka (2016). To identify suitable locations, themes and target stakeholders for an

inclusive business-case scenario that is demand/supply-based and private sector-driven, HCC has applied the

following additional criteria.

• Critical flood-prone locations in the coastal area of Jakarta

• Poverty, livelihood, access to education and healthcare

• Readiness of target stakeholders3

In March 2017 two reports were prepared by HCC: Rapid Scan of Existing Poverty Conditions (i), and Rapid Scan

of Policies, Plans and On-going Programs (ii) with inputs collected during 3 rounds of stakeholder consultations.

Based on information from these reports initially 7 slum areas were pre-selected. All these locations we

situated in the North of Jakarta, since the coastal area is most flood prone, with significant land subsidence.

Figure 1-3: Selected Slum locations projected on BPS 2013 Slum RW Map

3 Readiness of stakeholders is assessed based on existence of small and household industries,

cooperatives, markets and banks

Kamal Muara Kali Baru Marunda Kapuk Muara Penjaringan Ancol

Pinangsia

Slum Areas

Critical

Medium

Light

Very Light

Selected Slums


In these locations a significant change can be expected, because poverty levels and unemployment (livelihood)

are high, while social (schools, clinics) and economic (cooperatives, markets, banks) facilities are sufficiently

available. Information used for social and economic indicators were derived from the Village Potential survey

(Potensi Desa 2014, BPS), and PNPM Mandiri 2011.

However, after conducting field checks only 5 slum areas were finally selected, and 2 slum areas were excluded,

as they did not qualify as slum areas for the following reasons:

• Slums have already been improved, or

• Slums have already been cleared, or

• Source data did not match the actual conditions in the field

Figure 1-4: Final Five Selected Slum locations projected on Kotaku 2015 Slum RW Map

Kamal Muara Kali Baru Marunda Penjaringan Ancol

Slum Areas

Critical

Medium

Light

Very Light

Initially Selected

Finally Selected


1.2.1 Summary of Kelurahan Kamal Muara

Location of Kamal Muara

In Kelurahan Kamal Muara, located on the western coast of Jakarta, RW 004 was identified as a potential

location for HCC inclusive business case. RW 004 measures 20.6 ha of which 3.5 ha is identified as slum area. A

map of Kelurahan Kamal Muara with its RWs and economic locations is provided below.

Figure 1-5: Slum RWs in Kelurahan Kamal Muara

Themes of Kelurahan Kamal Muara

Themes with potential for improvement of RW 004 in Kamal Muara are:

• Improvement fish conservation and green shell industry;

• Skill improvement, matched with local industry needs;

• Only 57% of the community has more space than 7.2 m²/person;

• The area is often flooded by the sea;

• Only 72% of the solid waste produced is collected;

Stakeholders of Kelurahan Kamal Muara

Potential stakeholders involved in future poverty and slum improvements are:

• Community of RW 004 as beneficiaries consists of 1166 inhabitants, of which 933 are slum dwellers;

• NGOs or local industries to provide skill training

• Real Estate developer for low cost housing provision

Kamal Muara Fishing Port

Pantai Indah Kapuk Real Estate

Warehouses

Mangrove


• National or provincial public works for low cost housing provision and to provide flood protection

• The local cleanliness department or local recycling industries to increase waste collection

1.2.2 Summary of Kelurahan Penjaringan

Location of Penjaringan

In Kelurahan Penjaringan, located on the central coast of Jakarta, RW 017 was identified as a potential location

for HCC inclusive business case. RW 017 measures 176.5 ha of which 40.7 ha is identified as slum area. A map of

Kelurahan Penjaringan with its RWs and economic locations is provided below.

Figure 1-6: Slum RWs in Kelurahan Penjaringan

Themes of Kelurahan Penjaringan

Themes with potential for improvement of RW 017 in Penjaringan are:

• Skill improvement, matched with local fish industry needs;

• Revitalization of housing conditions

• Only 50% of the roads is in good condition;

• The area is often flooded by the sea and only 70% of drainage is in good condition

• Only 58% of the community has access to clean water;

Stakeholders of Kelurahan Penjaringan

Pluit Lake

Muara Karang Power

Station

Sunda Kelapa Port

Nizzam Zahman

Fishing Port Muara Angke Fishing Port



• Community of RW 017 as beneficiaries consists of 25’283 inhabitants, of which 15’053 are slum dwellers;



• National or provincial public works for road improvement and to provide flood protection

• PT PAM Jaya to increase piped water supply network

1.2.3 Summary of Kelurahan Ancol

Location of Ancol

In Kelurahan Ancol, located on the central coast of Jakarta, RW 002 was identified as a potential location for

HCC inclusive business case. RW 002 measures 58.5 ha of which 3.2 ha is identified as slum area. A map of

Kelurahan Ancol with its RWs and economic locations is provided below.

Figure 1-7: Slum RWs in Kelurahan Ancol

Themes of Kelurahan Ancol

Themes with potential for improvement of RW 002 in Ancol are:

• Skill improvement, matched with local warehouse needs;

• Only 47.5% of the community has more space than 7.2 m²/person;


Sunda Kelapa Port

Marina Ancol

Priok Power Plant

Tanjung Priok Port

Ancol Recreation

Park Warehouse area


• The area is often flooded by the sea;


Stakeholders of Kelurahan Ancol


• Community of RW 002 as beneficiaries consists of 1324 inhabitants, of which 864 are slum dwellers;

• NGOs or local warehouses to provide skill training


• National or provincial public works for road improvement to provide flood protection


1.2.4 Summary of Kelurahan Kalibaru

Location of Kalibaru

In Kelurahan Kalibaru, located on the eastern coast of Jakarta, RW 001 was identified as a potential location for

HCC inclusive business case. RW 001 measures 8.9 ha of which 8.5 ha is identified as slum area. A map of

Kelurahan Kalibaru with its RWs and economic locations is provided below.

Figure 1-8: Slum RWs in Kelurahan Kalibaru

Themes of Kelurahan Kalibaru

Themes with potential for improvement of RW 001 in Kalibaru are:

Kalibaru Port Cilincing Fish Port

Tanjung Priok Port


• Improvement green shell industry;

• Skill improvement, matched with small scale fishery business needs;

• Only 67% of the community has more space than 7.2 m²/person;


• Only 87% of the community has access to clean water;


Stakeholders of Kelurahan Kalibaru

Potential stakeholders involved in future poverty and slum improvement are:


• NGOs or local industries to provide skill training;

• Real Estate developer for low cost housing provision;

• National or provincial public works for low cost housing provision and to provide flood protection;

• The local cleanliness department or local recycling industries to increase waste collection;

1.2.5 Summary of Kelurahan Marunda

Figure 1-9: Slum RWs in Kelurahan Marunda

Location of Marunda

Marunda Fish Port

Marunda Industrial

Area

Marunda Center

ST Ilmu Pelayaran


In Kelurahan Marunda, located on the eastern coast of Jakarta, RW 001 was identified as a potential location

for HCC inclusive business case. RW 001 measures 73.2 ha of which 9.6 ha is identified as slum area. A map of

Kelurahan Marunda with its RWs and economic locations is provided in Figure 1-9 above.

Themes of Kelurahan Marunda

Themes with potential for improvement of RW 001 in Marunda are:

• Skill improvement urban farming and home industry;

• Only 78% of the community houses is of good construction;


• Only 52% of the drainage system is in good condition;

• Only 75% of the community has access to sanitation facilities;


Stakeholders of Kelurahan Marunda

Potential stakeholders involved in future poverty and slum improvement are:




• National or provincial public works for road, drainage, sanitation infrastructure improvement



1.3 Ranking of most suitable slum locations, themes and target stakeholders

The selected locations have been ranked based on 3 additional criteria:

• Benefits to Community

• Income Opportunity Creation

• Potential Private Sector Investment

For each of these criteria a list was produced per location of possible benefits, income opportunities and

private sector investments. Comparison of the lists for each locations resulted in a scoring which was used

for the final ranking.

Table 1-1: Indicators and Scoring of Slum Improvement in Kelurahan Kamal Muara

No. Indicator Score

(1-5)

Justification

1. Benefits to Community

• Playgrounds will be available (RPTRA)

• Decent housing will be available

• Access roads will be improved and upgraded

• Society will be free from the threat of inundation and flooding from the sea

• The community will have access to drinking water

• Wastewater treatment will be available

• Increased awareness of healthy lifestyle

3 Medium improvement of

conditions possible

2. Income Opportunity Creation

• Skills training in accordance to industrial needs in Kamal Muara

3

Medium number of small

scale industries available

3. Potential Private Sector Investment

• Connecting the community fish industry with fish handling industry

• Playground (RPTRA) construction based on Private Sector CSR

• Revitalization fishermen settlement by KNI real estate developer

• Contribution to sea dike construction along the coast of Kamal Muara

5

High potential in

industrial processing and

floods from the sea will

soon be reduced by dike

construction, creating a

safe area.

Total score 11


Table 1-2: Indicators and Scoring of Slum Improvement in Kelurahan Penjaringan

No. Indicator Score

(1-5)

Justification









5 High improvement of

conditions possible


• Skills training to work in the fish processing industry is located in Muara Baru

5

High number of small

scale

industri

es

availabl

e


• Connecting the community fish industry with fish processing industry

• Playground (RPTRA) construction based on Private Sector CSR

• Settlement revitalization along Pluit reservoir by real estate developer

• Contribution to sea dike construction along the coast of Muara Baru

5

High potential in fish

processing and floods

from the sea will soon be

reduced by dike


safe area.

Total score 15


Table 1-3: Indicators and Scoring of Slum Improvement in Kelurahan Ancol

No. Indicator Score

(1-5)

Justification




• Community does not occupy illegal area anymore (riparian, suburban railroads)






3 Medium improvement of

conditions possible


• Skills training to be able to work in the warehouses and port of Sunda Kelapa

3

Limited potential for low

skill labor economic


• Construction playground (RPTRA) based CSR Private Sector

• Slum revitalization at Lodan by Real Estate developer

3 High proportion of

resettlement expected

Total score 9


Table 1-4: Indicators and Scoring of Slum Improvement in Kelurahan Kalibaru

nr Indicator Score

(1-5)

Justification


• 53% irregular buildings will be neatly structured

• 76% of uninhabitable houses will be renovated

• 25% of damaged roads will be repaired and equipped with drainage channels

• 25% drainage channels of poor quality will be improved

• 10% of households without access to clean water will get access to the piped

water

• 11% of households that do not have access to sanitation will have access to

sanitation

• 53% of uncollected waste will be collected

• 82% of residential areas without fire protection will acquire fire protection

facilities

4 Significant improvement

of conditions possible


• Training diversification of fish products

• Training business partnership

• Entrepreneurship training

• Capital investment loan

• Working capital loans to increase turnover

• Marketing cooperation

• Business management

5 High number of small

scale industries available



• Job skills training by private stakeholders

• Construction playground (RPTRA) through CSR

• Revitalization of a residential block along the coast

• Construction of livable houses

• Provision of fire protection through CSR

• Provision of working capital and capital investment in the fisheries sector through

micro-credit (banks)

5

High potential in fish

processing and floods

from the sea will soon be

reduced by dike


safe area.

Total score 14



Table 1-5: Indicators and Scoring of Slum Improvement in Kelurahan Marunda

nr Indicator Score

(1-5)

Justification


• 30% irregular buildings will be neatly structured

• 25% of uninhabitable houses will be renovated

• 85% of damaged roads will be repaired and equipped with drainage channels

• 50% drainage channels of poor quality will be improved

• 10% of households without access to clean water will get access to the piped

water

• 20% of households that do not have access to sanitation will have access to

sanitation

• 50% of uncollected waste will be collected

• 30% of residential areas without fire protection will acquire fire protection

facilities

4 Significant improvement

of conditions possible


• Training diversification of fish products

• Training of urban agriculture and hydroponic

• Training business partnership

• Entrepreneurship training

• Capital investment loan

• Working capital loans to increase turnover

• Access partnership with industry

• Skills training according to the needs of existing industries in the neighborhood

• Marketing cooperation

• Business management

4

Significant number of

small scale industries

available



• Linking farmers with seed industry

• Linking of skilled manpower and industrial center

• Linking farmers to supermarkets

• Job skills training by private stakeholders

• Construction playground (RPTRA) based CSR Private Sector

• Revitalization of a residential block

• Construction of livable houses

• Provision of fire protection by the private sector CSR

• Provision of working capital and capital investment in the fisheries sector through

micro-credit

4

Significant potential of

fish as well as urban

agriculture potential

Total score 12


The scores of the 5 Kelurahans are summarized in the table below. The highest rank is reached by Kelurahan

Penjaringan. This location is therefore proposed for further study during work streams 2-5.

Table 1-6: Summary of Scores and Ranking of Kelurahans

Kelurahan Score Ranking

Kamal Muara 11 4

Penjaringan 15 1

Ancol 9 5

Kalibaru 14 2

Marunda 12 3

Criteria that shall be further investigated during the Work Streams (2-5) for developing a ‘business-case’

for a pilot project are:

• Physical and social profile (housing, infrastructure, poverty, health)

• Political and economic profile (legal status, existing plans, economic basis)

• Opportunities for innovation and potential for livelihood by community

• Potential for investment by private sector as part of multi-source financing

1.4 Conclusions

The slum areas in Kelurahan Penjaringan (of the total 175 ha, 68.32 hectares are settlement area with 25’283

inhabitants, of which 59,5% or 15’053 are slum dwellers in 40,68 hectare of slum area) is ranked highest for the

next work streams of the ‘business case’ design phase. The priority themes are livelihood, low-cost housing,

basic drainage, piped water supply, on-site sanitation, and waste collection and disposal. Kotaku has

implemented a baseline survey in for this area until household level, and a ‘Settlement Environment

Restructuring Plan’ (RPLP) has been prepared at Kelurahan level, containing a long list of needed

implementation, based on community meetings and information from the baseline survey. Part of this plan will

be implemented by Kotaku in 2018 or 2019.


2. Introduction

2.1 HCC Foundation

Urbanization is a complex and worldwide phenomenon. With global dimensions and long-term

consequences that affect everyone. Only if everyone collaborates we can succeed to make the world’s

megacities livable and prosperous places for everyone.

That’s why the Human Cities Coalition, initiated by a group of Dutch companies, has forged a unique

coalition that brings together a wide range of partners: international and local, private and public,

corporate and grassroots, practitioners and academic, investors and donors. These organizations want to

actively contribute their expertise to reduce air and water pollution, introduce flood controls or design new

financing mechanisms for large infrastructure projects such as water sanitation and affordable housing.

The Human Cities Coalition was founded in 2016 following the Sustainable Development Goals; it

contributes to SDG 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. The

Human Cities Coalition contributes to the New Urban Agenda, the UN action plan to meet the challenges of

the ever-growing urbanization. It promotes cities and human settlements that are environmentally

sustainable, resilient, socially inclusive, safe and violence-free, and economically productive.

HCC is established by a Dutch multinational AkzoNobel and has its roots in their CSR program called the

Human Cities initiative. It is AkzoNobel’s strong believe that in order to create transformative impact in

megacities a broad public-private platform and separate entity needed to be established. HCC represents

150 public, private, NGO and academic stakeholders and works with 20 contributing core partners. The

core HCC partners are AkzoNobel, ARCADIS, Witteveen + Bos, ABN AMRO, Delta Lloyd, ITC / University of

Twente, University of Utrecht, Kadaster International, ICCO, Slum Dwellers International, FMO, LANDac,

VNG International and the Dutch ministry of foreign affairs.

Figure 2-1: Core HCC Partners


2.2 HCC Jakarta Program

The Human Cities Coalition chose Jakarta as one of the two cities to start its work because it is a megacity

in a river delta, posing extra challenges to which we could contribute, as members of our coalition are

worldwide leaders in water management. AkzoNobel together with the core Human Cities Coalition

Partners convinced the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) to join the coalition as a technical and

financing partner to start up an 18 months inception phase to model and test inclusive (water related)

business cases for the working poor living in slums in Jakarta and Manila. The deliverables for the inception

phase are:

• A methodology for inclusive, sustainable slum development in (Delta) Cities.

• Inclusive Business cases for upgrading slums in Jakarta and Manila through a multi-stakeholder

approach and commitment.

• A learning program that documents the process and methodology by actively sharing information and

best practices with partners and stakeholders.

2.3 Purpose of ‘Scoping’ report

The purpose of this ‘Scoping’ report is to:

• Inform HCC Jakarta stakeholders, and HCC management and partners of progress

• Summarize interim conclusions and outputs of Work Stream 1.

• Make recommendations for next Work streams 2-6


3. Goals and Objectives of HCC Jakarta Program

3.1 HCC Goal: Inclusive Urban Development of Megacities

HCC’s Goal is to ‘Promote cities and human settlements that are environmentally sustainable, resilient, socially

inclusive, safe and economically productive’, which it tries to achieve through ‘Inclusive demand-supply-based

urban development driven by the private sector’.

It wants to contribute to United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal 11 of 2015: Sustainable Cities and

Communities; Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.

The Human Cities Coalition also contributes to the New Urban Agenda, the UN action plan to meet the

challenges of the ever-growing urbanization. The New Urban Agenda is the outcome document agreed upon at

the Habitat III cities conference in Quito, Ecuador, in October 2016.

Table 3-1: Sustainable Development Goal 11 Targets

Nr Targets

1. By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums

2. By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably

by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons

with disabilities and older persons

3. By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human

settlement planning and management in all countries

4. Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage

5. By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct

economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on

protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations

6. By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and

municipal and other waste management

7. By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and

children, older persons and persons with disabilities

8. Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national

and regional development planning

9. By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and

plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop

and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at

all levels

10. Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient

buildings utilizing local materials

Table 3-2: Commitments New Urban Agenda


Nr Commitments New Urban Agenda

1. Provide basic services for all citizens

These services include: access to housing, safe drinking water and sanitation, nutritious food,

healthcare and family planning, education, culture and access to communication technologies.

2. Ensure that all citizens have access to equal opportunities and face no discrimination

Everyone has the right to benefit from what their cities offer. The New Urban Agenda calls on city

authorities to take into account the needs of women, youth and children, people with disabilities,

marginalized groups, older persons, indigenous people, among other groups.

3. Promote measures that support cleaner cities

Tackling air pollution in cities is good both for people’s health and for the planet. In the Agenda,

leaders have committed to increase their use of renewable energy, provide better and greener public

transport, and sustainably manage their natural resources.

4. Strengthen resilience in cities to reduce the risk and the impact of disasters

Many cities have felt the impact of natural disasters and leaders have now committed to implement

mitigation and adaptation measures to minimize these impacts. Some of these measures include:

better urban planning, quality infrastructure and improving local responses.

5. Take action to address climate change by reducing their greenhouse gas emissions

Leaders have committed to involve not just the local government but all actors of society to take

climate action taking into account the Paris Agreement on climate change which seeks to limit the

increase in global temperature to well below 2 degrees Celsius. Sustainable cities that reduce

emissions from energy and build resilience can play a lead role

6. Fully respect the rights of refugees, migrants and internally displaced persons regardless of their

migration status

Leaders have recognized that migration poses challenges but it also brings significant contributions to

urban life. Because of this, they have committed to establish measures that help migrants, refugees

and IDPs make positive contributions to societies.

7. Improve connectivity and support innovative and green initiatives

This includes establishing partnerships with businesses and civil society to find sustainable solutions to

urban challenges

8. Promote safe, accessible and green public spaces

Human interaction should be facilitated by urban planning, which is why the Agenda calls for an

increase in public spaces such as sidewalks, cycling lanes, gardens, squares and parks. Sustainable

urban design plays a key role in ensuring the livability and prosperity of a city.

3.2 Objectives

A sustainable and replicable methodology and approach for the development of business cases in different

urban contexts - in which the needs of the local population serve as a point of reference.

Creation of an up-scalable sustainable business cases with a positive contribution to people, the

environment and the economy around issues that have been assigned a high priority by the local

community and the national and municipal authorities.


3.3 Aim HCC Jakarta Program

The main deliverable is to design a replicable and sustainable inclusive business case that serves the basic

(water related) needs for the urban poor living in the delta city Jakarta. In order to achieve this the

different leading stakeholders of the urban eco-system need to be aligned and overlap in objectives is

needed to create a transformative system change that will impact the livelihoods of the urban poor.


4. Approach and Methodology

4.1 Multi-stakeholder participation, local ownership

The Human Cities Coalition aims at inclusive urban development with a human face supported by private

sector-driven initiatives to improve living conditions and livelihood in urban areas. The overarching

approach is based on Market Systems development, which complements Government endeavors, and

which is based on multi-stakeholder participation that engages the Private Sector, the Urban Community

and the Government as interdependent actors, and mutual beneficiaries. The purpose is not only the

effective impact, but also the sustainable social, economic and environmental benefits.

Such a multi-stakeholder approach shall be based on common perceptions among the stakeholders of

existing conditions, shared priorities, joint strategies, synchronized actions and combined resources.

Diagnosis of existing opportunities and constraints, and strategic interventions require practical

mechanisms for collaborative action, investment and implementation by the different stakeholders. This

can have different forms, including corporate social responsibility (CSR) and public-private partnership

arrangements (PPP), but HCC believes that the private sector shall take a bigger role in planning, funding

and implementation.

For this purpose effective partnership shall be built with due respect for local ownership (relationships

among local and foreign partners), local culture (local institutions, legal context, consensus-building

approach) and reciprocity of partners (building on accomplishments, exchanging and sharing experience,

knowledge and know-how).

There are numerous ideas and plans to address and solve these problems, but they are often not

implemented, because the stakeholders do not, do not want, or cannot work together. To overcome

mutual mistrust, endless discussions, and paralyzing impasses and delays, it is important to ‘focus on where

the stakeholders agree, rather than focus on where they disagree’. Hence the importance of a multi-

stakeholder approach that focuses on overlaps, synergies and interdependencies, and on mutual interests

and benefits. Win-win-win conditions.

Sharing global expertise can be beneficial for Indonesia, if it is based on thorough knowledge of local

conditions, familiarity with local institutions, established contacts with local players, and respect for what

has already been accomplished. The gigantic scale of urban development that makes Jakarta the world’s

second largest city, and the mind-boggling pace of urban growth and change are unprecedented. Building

on accomplishments, experience and examples is essential to accelerate development and share the

benefits, rather than reinventing the wheel. Lessons learned will benefit both the Indonesian and the Dutch

HCC partners with outlooks for long-term cooperation, also beyond urban development in Jakarta. The

cooperation can serve as a bridge for long-term economic partnerships.

The ultimate objective of poverty reduction shall be based on empowering the stakeholders to participate

in the processes of planning, investment and implementation. This shall start from building trust by sharing

information and have an open ear and mind for suggestions from the various stakeholders. The role of the


HCC Program Manager is to develop a conceptual framework to match, link and synchronize the different

expectations, so that there is a clear delineation of roles and responsibilities among the stakeholders, and

rules-of-the-game to make the formula a team endeavor and shared success.

Figure 4-1: Conceptual Framework of Multi-Stakeholder Participation

‘Inclusive urban revitalization with a human face’

COMMUNITY

• NGO’s

• CBO’s

• Universities

GOVERNMENT

• Bilateral Donors

• Lending Banks

PRIVATE SECTOR

• Commercial Banks

• Multi-national Firms

POVERTY

• jobless

• homeless,

• pennyless

SURVIVAL

• self-help

• survival

• solidarity

BASIC NEEDS

• citizen cards

• education cards

• health cards

CSR

• humanitarian aid

• charity

• incentives

EFFECTIVENESS

• relief

• visible

• measurable

EXPOSURE

• pollution

• disaster

• diseases

EMPOWERMENT

• living conditions

• education

• health care

FACILITIES

• infrastructure

• housing

• schools, clinics

PPP

• joint investment

• micro-finance

• ‘blended’ finance

FEASIBILITY

• bankable

• low risk

• high return

OBSTACLES

• no income

• no capital

• high costs

POTENTIAL

• livelihood

• SME

• affordability

SERVICES

• land rights

• permits

• cross-subsidies

HCC

• inclusive business

• market-driven

• supply / demand

SUSTAINABILITY

• viable

• replicable,

• up-scalable

HUMAN CITIES

• human scale

• safety,

• security

RESILIENCE

• efficient delivery

• EIRR and FIRR

• public support

BUSINESS CLIMATE

• purchasing power

• market share

• profitability

CH

AL

LE

NG

ES

STAKEHOLDERS

OBJECTIVES

AIM

S


4.2 Demand/supply-based, private sector-driven

A market system is a multi-function and multi-player arrangement comprising the core function of exchange by

which goods and services are delivered and the supporting functions and rules which are performed and

shaped by a variety of market players. Poor people may potentially participate on either side of the transaction:

• On the demand-side: as consumers of goods or services, like water supply, vocational training or

medical services

• On the supply-side: as workers or producers, like selling their labor or SME products

• In some cases the poor might be both producers and consumers, like small-scale seed producers selling

to poor farmers


5. Work Plan: 6 ‘Work Streams’

The HCC Jakarta program preparation is divided into three phases:

1. Scoping Phase 2. Planning Framework 3. Inclusive Business Case Development

During each phase one or more work stream are implemented (See Critical Path Diagram on next page). During

the second phase four work streams will be implemented in parallel. This ‘Scoping Report’ describes the results

of the first Work stream.

5.1 Work stream 1: Scoping

The objective of Work Stream 1 (Scoping) is to achieve a common perception among the multi- stakeholders of

the existing urban development context, challenges, opportunities and constraints. Based on initial

consultations with stakeholders and gathered information, the scope of the theme, location and target group

will be identified.

To achieve the objective of ‘Scoping’ the following activities are implemented:

• Community consultations (activity 1.1)

• Local Private Sector Consultations (activity 1.2)

• Government Consultations (activity 1.3)

• Financing Agency Consultations (activity 1.4)

• HCC Partners consultations (activity 1.5)

• Conduct Rapid Scan of existing slum and livelihood conditions in Jakarta(activity 1.6)

• Preparation of Short Tracking(activity 1.7)

• Conduct Rapid Scan of Existing Policies, Plans and Ongoing Programs(activity 1.8)

• Workshop I: Identification of Theme, Location and Target Group (activity 1.9)

Deliverables produced during the Scoping Period include:

• Minutes of meetings of the various consultations

• Rapid scan of existing poverty conditions

• Short Track Report

• Rapid Scan of Policies, Plans and On-going Programs

5.2 Work stream 2: Need Assessment

The objective of the Community Assessment is to achieve a diagnosis of challenges faced by the urban poor

relevant to the theme, location and target groups.

To achieve the objective of ‘Community Assessment’ the following activities will be implemented:


• Community needs assessment (activity 2.1)

• Willingness to Pay Study (activity 2.2)

Deliverables produced during the Community Assessment include:

• Community Needs Assessment Report

• Willingness to Pay Study

Figure 5-1: Critical Path Diagram


5.3 Work stream 3: Political and Economic Assessment

The objective of the Political Economic Assessment is to achieve opportunities to address challenges through

market system solutions.


To achieve the objective of ‘Political Economic Assessment’ the following activities will be implemented:

• In-depth research into the political and economic status of Jakarta including government capacity

analysis (activity 2.3)

Deliverables produced during the Political Economic Assessment include:

• Political and Economic Analyses of Jakarta Report

5.4 Work stream 4: Innovation Assessment

The objective of the Innovation Assessment is to achieve innovative solutions benefitting from ICT

To achieve the objective of ‘Innovation Assessment’ the following activities will be implemented:

• Innovation Assessment (activity 2.4)

Deliverables produced during the Innovation Assessment include:

• Innovation Portfolio for Jakarta

5.5 Work stream 5: Financing Assessment

The objective of the Financing Assessment is to achieve a prioritized short list of Inclusive Business Cases based

on joint strategies and synchronized actions. This short list will be derived from a Long List of activities to

transform the market system to be more inclusive, during a workshop at the end of the Planning Framework

Phase.

To achieve the objective of ‘Financing Assessment’ the following activities will be implemented:

• Financing Assessment (activity 2.5)

• Diagnosis of Existing Market Systems related to the Theme (activity 2.6)

• Preparation of Vision of Future Market System (activity 2.7)

• Preparation of Long-List of Interventions (activity 2.8)

• Workshop II: Short-List of Inclusive Business Case Options (activity 2.9)

Deliverables produced during the Financing Assessment include:

• Finance/Investment Analyses Report

• Jakarta Planning Framework comprising Diagnosis of Existing Market System, Vision of Future Market

System and Long-List of Interventions

5.6 Work stream 6: Development of Inclusive Business Case


The objective of the Business Case Development is to achieve a multi-source funding commitment for

implementation of the final selected Inclusive Business Case. The Business Case Development will be prepared

in two phases: (3) a ‘Shortlisting of options’ phase which will be concluded with a workshop (IV) to select a Final

Business Case and (4) ‘Deal structuring’ phase which will be concluded with a workshop to present the Final

Business Case.

To achieve the objective of ‘Business Case Development’ the following activities will be implemented:

• Development of Viable 'Business Case Scenarios’ (activity 3.1)

• Prioritization of ‘Business Case Options’ (activity 3.2)

• Criteria for impacts, benefits and financing (activity 3.3)

• Workshop III: Selection of Final Business Case (activity 3.4)

• Pre-Feasibility Study Inclusive Business Case (activity 4.1)

• Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) (activity 4.2)

• Technical Design Inclusive Business Case (activity 4.3)

• Commitment and Deal Structuring (activity 4.4)

• Workshop IV: Presentation of Final Business Case (activity 4.5)

Deliverables produced during the Business Case Development include:

• Inclusive Business Case Scenarios / Investment Opportunities Report

• Prioritization Criteria and Prioritized List of Inclusive Business Case Options

• Pre-Feasibility Study Inclusive Business Case

• Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)

• Technical Design Inclusive Business Case

• Government Commitments and Business Deals

Stakeholder Consultation with Bappeda DKI Jakarta


6. Progress Work Stream 1: ‘Scoping’

6.1 Rapid Scan of Existing Poverty Conditions (Inventory)

The ‘Rapid Scan of Existing Poverty Conditions’ report serves as a common reference for planning and

coordination. The document has been presented in the form of a comprehensive ‘Inventory’ that

systematically organizes information collected from a wide range of different stakeholders and public

sources. Information is visualized as thematic maps, diagrams, tables and pictures. The systematic followed

in the ‘Inventory’ is based on a division in four quadrants: (1) Spatial and Environmental Profile, (2) Socio-

Economic Profile, (3) Infrastructure Profile, and (4) Institutional Profile (see Figure 6-2). Each quadrant is

divided in 5 sub-sections, with main topics as bullets. In the ‘Inventory’ each chapters describes one

Quadrant, and each sub-chapter describes one sub-section.

1. Spatial and Environmental Profile

Jakarta is the National Capital of Indonesia, and serves as the main engine of national economic growth.

The urban agglomeration of Jabodetabekpunjur that overlaps with DKI Jakarta and the Provinces of West

Java and Banten, has over 30 million in 2016, of which 10 million live in DKI Jakarta. The urban population

is projected to reach 42 million in 2040, of which over 14 million will live in DKI Jakarta.

Figure 6-1: Jakarta in Regional Context


Figure 6-2: Systematic Slum and Poverty Inventory

sectors:

Bappenas

Ministry of Finance

Bappeda

4.2 Community

• Local NGOs/CBOs

• Universities and Research and Development

• Forums

1.2 Geology

• Geologic formation

• Soil types

• Erosion and sedimentation

• Land subsidence

• Geotectonic activity

sectors:

Cadastral Agency

Meteorological Agency

Environmental Department

4.4 HCC Partners

• NGOs

• Companies

• Universities

4.1 Government

• Central government

• Provincial government

• City government

• Laws & regulations

• Financial capacity

1.1 Geography

• Administrative boundaries

• Land use

• Elevation and slopes

• Green open space

• Urban spatial planning

1.4 Build-up zones

• Settlement zones

• Commercial zones

• Industrial zones

• Fishermen area

• Land reclamation

4.5 Donor

• International NGOs

• International donors

4.3 Private

• Government enterprises

• Contractors, developers

• SME

• Funding (CSR, PPP)

4. Institutional

Profile

1. Spatial and

Environment

Profile

1.3 Hydrology

• Rainfall, Climate

• Surface water

• Groundwater

• Flooding

1.5 Environment

• Ecosystem

• Water pollution

• Air pollution

3.5 Water and Sanitation

• Water supply network

• Sewerage and sanitation

• Waste management

3.3 Energy

• Power plants

• Electricity distribution

• Backup power source

• Gas / Oil

• Renewable energy

3. Infrastructure

Profile

2. Socio-Economic

Profile

2.3 Social

• Poverty

• Labor

• Education

• Health

• Fisherman

2.5 Economy

• Macroeconomic profile

• Economic empowerment of communities

• Economic sectors

3.4 Flood Control

• Sea dike system

• Polder system

• Retention ponds

• Drainage system

3.1 Housing

• Building quality

• Slum areas

• Fire danger

• Land Status

2.1 History

• History of Settlement in North Jakarta

2.4 Culture

• Community culture

• Gotong-royong

• Self-help

sectors:

Public Works,

Cleanliness Department

PD PAM, PD PAL

3.2 Transportation

• Land Transportation

• Local road condition

• Telecommunication + Media

2.2 Demography

• Population, growth

• Population density

• Population composition

• Urbanization

sectors:

Economic Affairs

Department of Education

Public Health

Culture and Tourism


The urban agglomeration of Jakarta (also called Jabodetabekpunjur) is rapidly expanding due to the pressures

of population growth and dynamic economic activities. Urbanization has resulting in conversion of agricultural

land use, wetlands and forests in the urban periphery, into industrial estates, residential land use, and new

centers trade and services. Rapid urbanization has led to inefficient land use, uncontrolled urban sprawl (not in

accordance with the spatial plan), environmental degradation, traffic congestion, flooding, and slums (See

Figure 6-3 below, where the red areas represent the expansion of settlement areas between 1972 and 2012).

Figure 6-3: Regional Land Use Change Jabodetabekpunjur 1972-2012

Source: Ministry of ATR, 2016

Flood regularly occur in Jakarta, which is located in the flood plains of the Ciliwung Delta. Floods are caused by overflowing rivers, excess rainfall and high sea levels. Floods already occurred during the Dutch period, but have increased in frequency and intensity. Major floods have occurred in 1980, 2002, 2007, 2010 and 2014. Floods occur mainly in the coastal area of Jakarta and along the Sunter River, Cipinang River, Ciliwung River, Krukut River, River Pesanggrahan and Angke River (see flood hazard map of Jakarta in Figure 6-4).

Causes of the increasing flooding are increasing rain intensities due to climate change, upstream land use changes, sedimentation of rivers and canals, failing drainage and coastal defence systems, and land subsidence. An important flood from the sea occurred in 2007, when the seawater came over the dikes. Only then was realized that land was subsiding at high rates (3-18 cm/year) in the north of Jakarta (see land subsidence map of Jakarta in Figure 6-5Figure 6-4). Land subsidence is especially high in Cengkareng Barat, Pluit/Penjaringan and Kelapa Gading.

Experts argue that the land subsidence in Jakarta among others is caused by: (1) excessive ground water abstraction, (2) building load, especially of skyscrapers, (3) natural consolidation of alluvial soil layers, and (4) tectonic movements. Of these four factors land subsidence, excessive groundwater abstraction is believed to be the main cause of land subsidence in Jakarta.


Figure 6-4: Flood Hazard Map of Ciliwung-Cisadane River Basin

Source: BBWS Ciliwung-Cisadane 2010

Figure 6-5: Land Subsidence Rates in DKI Jakarta (2000-2015)

Source: Consultant analyses based on data from JCDS Atlas and ITB 2000-2015

Sub-district Center River Basin Boundary River Basin Boundary River Main River Flood Area Provincial Boundary District Boundary

Legend:

m / year



2. Socio-Economic Profile

Based on BPS data, the population of Jabodetabekpunjur in 2015 amounted to 32 million, an increase of 12%

from 2010. If this growth rate continues by 2040 the population of Jabodetabekpunjur will reach 42 million,

whereas the population of DKI Jakarta's will grow from 10 million in 2015 to14 million by 2040. As a

consequence of population growth there is an increased need for land, housing, infrastructure, and urban

services. Population growth has also resulted in more wastewater and waste.

Table 6-1: Population Projections Jabodetabekpunjur 2010-2050

Source: JSM 2010

Figure 6-6: Population Density Jabodetabekpunjur 2010

Source: Processed from JSM data.

Kabupaten/Kota Luas (Ha) 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

KEPULAUAN SERIBU 1.083 21.082 23.018 24.973 26.972 28.906 30.786 32.495 34.117 35.598

JAKARTA SELATAN 14.576 2.062.231 2.312.972 2.564.497 2.796.090 3.000.358 3.175.237 3.311.563 3.418.782 3.503.335

JAKARTA TIMUR 18.547 2.693.892 2.957.972 3.204.293 3.414.320 3.588.842 3.727.773 3.823.029 3.887.955 3.929.871

JAKARTA PUSAT 4.809 899.516 1.021.254 1.141.464 1.250.097 1.343.480 1.420.400 1.476.736 1.518.036 1.547.551

JAKARTA BARAT 12.565 2.281.944 2.470.414 2.647.616 2.794.816 2.909.848 3.000.506 3.058.586 3.096.368 3.118.006

JAKARTA UTARA 14.114 1.648.252 1.842.279 2.034.077 2.206.728 2.356.445 2.483.517 2.579.899 2.654.329 2.709.637

Total DKI 65.693 9.606.917 10.627.909 11.616.920 12.489.023 13.227.879 13.838.219 14.282.308 14.609.587 14.843.998

BOGOR 300.969 4.771.933 5.269.412 5.759.691 6.190.455 6.566.053 6.846.506 7.078.631 7.244.007 7.348.629

CIANJUR 41.445 474.486 485.864 496.342 505.157 511.130 514.162 515.930 515.761 514.388

BEKASI 127.428 2.630.397 3.056.483 3.502.856 3.932.572 4.357.250 4.734.375 5.091.003 5.409.713 5.688.712

BOGOR 11.222 950.331 1.050.264 1.147.136 1.212.295 1.232.232 1.231.221 1.222.539 1.204.599 1.181.618

BEKASI 21.447 2.334.873 2.628.980 2.878.661 3.005.803 3.097.712 3.132.745 3.141.618 3.122.163 3.086.051

DEPOK 20.028 1.738.572 1.904.036 2.064.192 2.192.449 2.296.798 2.362.253 2.390.057 2.377.034 2.371.049

TANGERANG 103.322 2.834.378 3.190.361 3.557.681 3.853.389 4.061.959 4.203.147 4.316.142 4.420.428 4.507.471

TANGERANG 18.217 1.798.609 1.949.372 2.095.552 2.107.055 2.094.101 2.078.665 2.065.940 2.051.564 2.031.718

TANGERANG SELATAN 16.550 1.290.322 1.440.777 1.612.303 1.750.717 1.849.281 1.915.773 1.967.242 2.012.632 2.034.989

Jabodetabekpunjur 726.319 28.430.818 31.603.458 34.731.333 37.238.915 39.294.395 40.857.066 42.071.410 42.967.488 43.608.623

Proyeksi Penduduk DKI Jakarta dan Jabodetabekpunjur Tahun 2010-2050

Sumber : JSM

Population Density (pers./ha)


In The number of poor people in Jakarta (people living under the poverty line) in 2016 was 384 thousand, or

3.75% of total population of Jakarta. This is much lower than the national average of 10.86%. The majority of

the poor live in North Jakarta, as shown in the poverty distribution map (see Figure 6-7), The prevailing

livelihoods in North Jakarta are fishermen, factory and port workers and the informal sector.

The number of people living below the poverty line has reduced during the last ten years, but has not been fully

resolved. Besides economic impacts urban poverty also has social impacts on safety and public order.

Figure 6-7: Jakarta Poverty Distribution Map 2011

Source: PNPM Mandiri 2011

Based on a survey from the statistics bureau (BPS 2013), which uses 11 criteria to determine slums (population

density, spatial structure, building conditions, building ventilation, building density, road access, drainage,

sanitation, waste collection, waste disposal, and street lighting), the number of slum RWs in Jakarta is 223 RWs,

of which 5 are heavy slum RWs, 24 are moderate slum RWs, 95 are light slum RWs and 99 are very light slum

RWs. North Jakarta and West Jakarta both have the highest amount of 55 slum RWs (see Figure 6-8).

Based on data from Kotaku (2015) which uses 7 criteria to determine slums (building conditions, road access,

water supply, drainage, sanitation, solid waste management, fire safety) there are 51 moderate slum RWs and

mild slum RWs 1.042 in Jakarta (see Figure 6-9).

Figure 6-8: Slum RWs (community groups) of DKI Jakarta based on BPS data 2013

Poverty Proportion

25% - 40%

15% - 25%

10% - 15%

5% - 10%

0% - 5%


Source: HCC mapping based on BPS data 2013

Figure 6-9: Slum RWs (community groups) of DKI Jakarta based on Kotaku data 2015

Source: HCC mapping based on Kotaku data 2015

Slum Areas

Critical

Medium

Light

Very Light

Slum Areas

Critical

Medium

Light

Very Light


Comparison of both slum RW maps shows that the amount of slum RWs identified by the BPS 2013 data is far too

low. This is caused by the scope of the survey, which only included RWs which have remained slum RWs since a

series of surveys which started in 1993. The BPS slum RW map however provides a better overview of the

locations heavier slum areas.

Figure 6-10: GDRP per Economic Sector

Source: HCC Inventory of Existing Poverty Condition, 2017

The economic growth in DKI Jakarta during the period 2011-2015 has been 5.86%, higher than the national growth in Indonesia of 5.18% during the same period. Economic activities in the urban agglomeration of Jakarta are mainly centered in DKI Jakarta: The GDRP for DKI Jakarta in 2014 was 135 billion USD, or 68.5% of the GDRP of the whole urban agglomeration of Jakarta (197 billion USD), and 16% of the national GDP. The economic structure of Jakarta is dominated by tertiary sectors / services (72.39%). As such Jakarta forms the economic engine of Indonesia’s economy.

1 Agriculture

2 Mining and Quarrying

3 Manufacturing Industry

4 Electricity and Gas

5 Water Sup. Wastewater and Waste

6 Construction

7 Trade

8 Transportation and Warehousing

9 Hotels and Restaurant

10 Information and Communication

11 Financial Services

12 Real Estate

13 Business Services

14 Administration

15 Educational Services

16 Health Services

17 Other Services

GDRP DKI Jakarta 2014


3. Infrastructure Profile

Low cost housing

Low cost apartment blocks are a space efficient and effective solution for urban settlement in DKI Jakarta since

1974. Until 2016 low cost apartment blocks have been built at 48 locations, consisting of 117 blocks of 18’321

apartments: 6 Blocks in South Jakarta, 32 Blocks East Jakarta, Blocks 29 in Central Jakarta, 13 Blocks in West

Jakarta and 37 Blocks in North Jakarta.

Figure 6-11: Distribution of Low Cost Housing Apartments in Jakarta

Roads and Transportation

The toll road network in Jakarta area consists of a complete inner ring road, an incomplete outer ring road and

radial roads. This toll road network (1.2% of total road length) is connected to a grid of primary roads (2.1%),

secondary roads (19.8%) and local roads (76.9%). The current and planned toll road network is presented in

figure ….

To support public transport a railway network is available for long distance and commuter trips, combined with

a bus lane network “Busway”. Around 2.43 million commuters travel within, into and out of the city daily. Of

these, 1.38 million travel from the outskirts of Jakarta, comprising the cities of Bogor, Bekasi (14.8%) and Depok

(11.7%) in West Java and Tangerang (8.7%) in Banten, into the capital. 58% of commuters use motorcycles to

get to Jakarta, 12.8 % use cars and only 27 % use public transportation such as buses, Transjakarta and feeders

(APTB) and commuter trains.


Figure 6-12: Main Road Network in Jakarta

Telecommunication

Communication tools have become major social needs in DKI Jakarta, along with the development of

technology. Mobile phone usage of the population above 5 years old in Jakarta amounted to 76.93% in 2015.

Prices and usage tariffs of mobile phones have become affordable for the community. This has had its impact

on the use of line phones, which has decreased from 19.11% in 2012 to 18.36% in 2015.

Energy (Electricity)

All households in Jakarta have electricity connections. The electricity suplly network is an integrated network

for whole Java and Bali. Along the coast of Jakarta Bay, 3 Power stations are located for power generation to

this network:

- Muara Karang Power Station with a capacity of 1.670 MW

- Priok Power Station with a capacity of 2.052 MW,

- Muara Tawar Power Station with a capacity of 800 MW

The total capacity of the three power stations is 4.522 MW, An additional 4000 MW is received from the

Jakarta-Bali network to fulfil the electricity need for whole Jakarta.


Figure 6-13: Electricity Distribution Network Jakarta

Flood control

Jakarta is a delta city with a long history of floods. Flood problems are aggravated by land subsidence, which

leaves large parts of the coastal lands in north Jakarta below sea level. The existing flood control system

comprises two large flood canals (Banjir Kanal Barat and Banjir Kanal Timur), which intercept the upstream

rivers, and then flow under gravity to Jakarta Bay. Water from local rainfall in the coastal area is collected in

retention ponds from where it is pumped out into the sea.

Figure 6-14: Jakarta Flood Control System


Source : Dinas Tata Air DKI Jakarta

Water Supply

Based on projections from PD PAM Jaya, the bulk water need for Jakarta is 28 m³/s, while only 18 m³/s is

available. The supply of bulk water for Jakarta mainly comes from outside Jakarta, about 14.6 m³/s from

Jatiluhur, and 2.8 m³/s from the Cisadane of. The drinking water service area in Jakarta covers only about 55%

of the overall DKI Jakarta area. The leakage, which stands for ‘water produced, but not paid for’ is as high as

42.28%.

Figure 6-15: Existing Bulk Water Sources for Jakarta

Source : PAM Jaya

Sewerage and Sanitation

Less than 3% of DKI Jakarta is covered by a proper sewerage system. Due to lack of on-site treatment systems

and malfunctioning septic tanks most industrial and domestic wastewater is disposed into drainage channels

and rivers, causing hazardous sanitary conditions in often densely populated urban areas. The polluted water is

ultimately discharged into Jakarta Bay.

Figure 6-16: Coverage Wastewater Piping Systems 2016


Solid Waste

In 2014 DKI produced an average of 5,300 tons of waste per day, and in 2015 it reached an average of 6,000

tons per day. A total of 3,845 tons, or approximately 60.5% of the waste coming from human settlements,

1,429 tons (22.5 %) from offices, 725 tons (12.4%) from industries, hotels and restaurants, and 757 tons (12%)

from roads, parks, stations and terminals.

Waste collection only reached 87%. So 13% of the garbage is dumped into rivers, buried, burned, or discarded

in unused open space. Due to the accumulation of uncollected waste, the volume of the garbage piling up is

growing.

The daily waste management cost for DKI Jakarta amounts to Rp1.95 billion. Waste management in Jakarta is

hampered by lack of trucks, as well as non-permanent employees (PHL) in charge of collecting the garbage. DKI

Jakarta only owns 841 garbage trucks, while 100 other truck units are leased from private parties. Each garbage

truck has a capacity of 15 cubic meters and makes on average 1.5 trips every day.

The main final garbage disposal site of DKI Jakarta is in Bantar Gebang and is already full. A new site is available

in Nambo, but it is not clear if Jakarta will be allowed to use this site. Other options are still in planning phase

(see Figure 6-17).

Figure 6-17: Waste Services Plan Map Jakarta Year 2010-2030


Soekarno Hatta Airport Halim Perdana Kusuma Airport Existing Waste Transfer Station Planned Waste Transfer Station Priority Planned ITF Future Intermediate Treatment Facility (ITF) Planned Final Disposal Site (TPA) Intermediate Transition Station (SPA)

North/West/Center North/East/Center South East

Service Boundary

Service Zones

Location: Marunda Area: 76 ha Available area: 8 - 10 ha Private Sector Partnership Capacity: 1,000 ton/day

Location: Cakung Cilincing Area: 5 ha Technology: Composting Available area: 6 ha Capacity: 1,000 ton/day Operation Start: July 2007

Location: Pulo Gading Area: 11.85 ha Available area: 6 ha Capacity: 1,000 ton/day

Location: Duri Kosambi Area: 10.1 ha Technology: Composting Available area: 5.1 ha Capacity: 400-800 ton/day

Location: Universtias Indonesia Area: 1.9 ha Technology: ? Capacity: 350 ton/day


4. Institutional Profile

Five stakeholder groups are involved in the preparation and implementation of the HCC Jakarta inclusive

business case (see Figure 6-18). Each stakeholder group is briefly elaborated below.

Figure 6-18: Stakeholder Groups

Table 6-2: Community Stakeholders (1)

Sub-Group Stakeholders

Local NGOs / CBOs • Karina,

• Sahabat Cipta

• CARE Intern.

• Urban Poor Consortium (UPC)

• URDI

International NGOs • ICCO,

• Caritas/Cordaid (and local spring-off Karina)

• CARE International

• Swisscontact (and local spring-off Sahabat Cipta Foundation)

Universities • Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB)

• Universitas Indonesia (UI)

Table 6-3: Government Stakeholders (2)


National Government • Ministry of Planning (Bappenas),

• Ministry Public Works (PUPR),

• Ministry of Finance,

• Ministry of Internal Affairs,

• Ministry of Land Administration and Spatial Planning,

• Ministry of Health,

• National Statistics Office,

• Coordinating Ministry of Human Development and Culture

• Investment Coordination Board (BKPM)

DKI Jakarta (Provincial) • Planning Department (Bappeda),

• Department of Housing and Buildings,

Local Stakeholders

4. HCC Coalition

Partners HCC Jakarta 5. Financing

Agencies

1. Community 2. Indonesian

Government 3. Private Sector



• Environmental Management Agency (BPLHD),

• Bureau of Urban Planning and Environmental,

• Deputy Governor for Spatial Planning and Environment

Jakarta Cities • Dept. of Human Settlements,

• Spatial Sub Department of Housing and Regional Resettlement,

• Development Planning Agency,

• Central Bureau of Statistics,

• Sub Department for Environment,

• Department of Health,

• Department of Social Affairs,

• Sub Department for Cooperatives, SMEs and Trade

• Secretary of State on City Planning and the Environment

Kelurahan (Wards) Kelurahans are the lowest government levels. They have their own planning and budget for

neighborhood improvement activities

Neighborhoods (RW/RT) Communities are officially divided in neighborhood groups (RT), which are grouped again in

community groups (RW). These groups are existing organization structures which held regular

meetings, and are the logic choice for bottom-up activities.

Table 6-4: Private Sector Stakeholders (3)


Forums/Coalitions • Chamber of Commerce (Kadin)

• Real Estate Indonesia (REI)

• Indonesia Netherlands Association (INA)

Real Estate • PT Kapuk Naga Indah

• PT Jakarta Propertindo

• PT Muara Wisesa Samudera

• PT Taman Harapan Indah

• PT Jaladri Kartika Eka Paksi

• PT Pembangunan Jaya Ancol

Infrastructure • PT PAM Jaya

• PT PAL Jaya

• Organica Water

Table 6-5: HCC Core Partners (4)


Private Sector • Akzonobel

• ARCADIS

• ABN-Amro

• Witteveen +Bos

• ABN AMRO

• Delta Lloyd

NGOs • Kadaster International

• ICCO


• Slum Dwellers International (SDI)

• FMO

• LANDac

• VNG International

Universities • ITC / University of Twente

• University of Utrecht

Government Agencies • Dutch ministry of foreign affairs.

Table 6-6: Financing Agencies (5)


International Donors • World Bank (WB)

• Islamic Development Bank (IDB)

• Asian Development Bank (ADB)

Bilateral Donors • Japan International Cooperation (JICA)


6.2 Community Consultation

Community Stakeholders have been consulted through a lunch dialogue, direct consultations and field

visits. A lunch dialogue with community stakeholders was held on 24 February 2017. Direct NGO

consultations have been held with Rujak Center, Swisscontact, Sahabat Cipta Foundation, UPC and Caritas

Indonesia. Field visits have been made to Kapuk, Kamal Muara, Muara Angke, Penjaringan, Tongkol, Lodan,

Marunda, Kalibaru, Cilincing.

There are big differences between national NGOs and international NGOs. National NGOs, like Urban Poor

Consortium-UPC, Ciliwung Merdeka, KIARA, Rujak Center and WALHI, are much more political colored, and

most of them have a certain mistrust of the government and private sector in general, and to the NCICD

program in particular. International NGOs, like ICCO, Caritas/Cordaid, CARE International and Swisscontact

and their local branches like Karina, Sahabat Cipta Foundation and URDI, are political neutral in accordance

with their operating licenses, and are mainly active in rural areas.

Not many NGOs are active in urban revitalization in Jakarta. Below an overview is provided of some past

and on-going NGO/CBO activities:

Table 6-7: Urban Renewal Programs Supported by NGOs/CBOs

NGO/CBO Activity

Ciliwung Merdeka Awareness Building / Community Empowerment of slum community on the river banks of Ciliwung in

Bukit Duri and Kampung Pulo

Urban Poor Consortium

(UPC) and ASF-ID

Kampung self-improvement that involved the upgrading of both houses and public facilities in Kampung

Krapu and Tongkol, including moving/resettlement of housing till 5 meter from riverbank

Karina,

CARE International,

Bina Swadaya Konsultan and

Humanitarian

OpenStreetMap Team (HOT)

Marunda Urban Resilience in Action (MURIA) is an urban resiliency strengthening program funded by

Cordaid Netherlands and CARE International. It involves (1) urban farming, (2) a micro credit scheme, (3)

improvement of water supply (through rainwater harvesting), sanitation, and solid waste management

(through recycling), (4) community mapping, (5) integrated risk management (disasters risk reduction,

climate change and eco-system improvement) and (5) vocational training (Personal Advancement and

Career Enhancement-PACE). They are still looking for solutions for over-population, illegal land/housing

and child abuse.

Sahabat Cipta Foundation The Kampung Maju Kamal Muara project aimed to increase the livelihood of 450 smallholder households

in Kamal Muara village, North Jakarta (2008-2012)

Wahana Visi Indonesia (WVI) Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) in Kampung Penjaringan and West Semper in (2013-2015)

Urban and Regional

Development Institute

(URDI)

SAPOLA (Slum Alleviation Policy and Action Plan) was a policy-making activity accompanied by an action

plan to alleviate slums (2010 - 2014). SAPOLA included six pilot cities namely: Jakarta, Surabaya,

Makassar, Banjarmasin, Palembang and Medan

Conclusions:

• There is a significant mistrust of local NGOs/CBOs towards government and private sector, and towards

NCICD

• Ongoing activities of NGOs are still at a pilot-scale, and need to be up-scaled.

• Major needs of the communities are livelihood (skills and jobs), legal security (KTP, land), living

conditions, access to drinking water and flood control.


6.3 Private Sector Consultation

The private sector has been consulted through direct consultations. A lunch dialogue with private sector

stakeholders was held on 28 February 2017. Direct private sector consultations have been held with Kadin

(Chamber of Commerce Jakarta, 7 March 2017), and REI Jakarta (Real Estate Indonesia, 7 March 2017)

Private sector participation in urban revitalization can be subdivided into five categories:

• Participation through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): CSR in Indonesia is mainly understood, and

even regulated as compulsory or voluntary charity aiming at environmental and socio-economic

improvement. CSR in Jakarta is often being used to finance/implement low cost housing apartments

and create (recreational) open green space.

• Participation though Public Private Partnerships (PPP): Not many PPP projects get actually

implemented in Indonesia. The only examples of PPP around Jakarta are the construction of toll roads,

and the construction of power plants. Many PPP project don’t reach implementation because of

significant barriers such as difficulties with land acquisition, legal uncertainty and low levels of capacity

among government officials at the regional level. The PPP financing model would however still be an

option to be considered for the inclusive business case, because it regulates cooperation commitments

between private sector and government.

• Urban revitalization as part of the main business goal of the private sector: The clearest example is the

construction of mega-blocks, housing complexes, and even complete citiy quarters and suburbs by real

estate developers. These profit-oriented urban developments are not inclusive, since low-cost

apartment construction would reduce the financial feasibility of such investments.

Figure 6-19: Lunch Dialogue with Private Sector

• Urban revitalization projects sub-contracted to the private sector: Many private sector enterprises are

active in urban revitalization activities as contractor for government departments, or government

enterprises. As such they do not contribute financially. There may be possibilities though, for such

enterprises to develop into inclusive businesses.


• Enterprises with high labor needs: As ‘urban revitalization’ also includes improving community

incomes, enterprises with high needs of low-cost labor have the potential to develop into a more

inclusive business. If such enterprises would start vocational training and job guaranties, the economy

of many low income households could be considerably improved. These enterprises include Small and

Medium Enterprises (SMEs).

Below an overview is provided of past and on-going private sector activities in urban revitalization in

Jakarta:

Table 6-8: Urban Renewal Activities Supported by Private Sector

Private Sector Activity

CSR

Agung Sedayu Group Construction of 50 low cost housing units (‘Kampung Deret’) in Tanah Tinggi in 2013.

Sinar Mas Land Construction of semi-natural green park, playground, futsal court, hall and international-standard skate

park in Kalijodo, which used to be Jakarta's oldest and biggest red-light district.

Jakarta Propertindo Pluit Reservoir Park aims to restore the storage volume of Pluit retention pond in order to be able to

mitigate the current conditions of annually flooding.

Many companies Provision of scholarships to supports students who have financial difficulties but having good academic

achievement

PT. Kapuk Naga Indah The Kampung Maju Kamal Muara livelihood improvement project (2008-2012)

Direct Investment

Sinar Mas Group Bumi Serpong Damai (BSD) is a privately developed Indonesian planned community (or "new town") in

the Tangerang District of Jabodetabekpunjur

As Sub-contractor

Organica Water Construction of a combined industrial-community wastewater treatment plant at MM2100 Industrial

Town

Conclusions:

• Private sector participation in urban revitalization has high potential, and should be expanded from

current CSR practices to inclusive real estate investments

• To make low cost housing financially feasible for real estate developers, government-private sector

participation (PPP) is needed, where the government synchronizes spatial plans, arranges the land

acquisition, provides soft loans to low-income buyers, and provides implementation and cost

standards.


6.4 Government Consultation

The government has been consulted through direct consultations. A lunch dialogue with government

stakeholders has been held on 13 February 2017. Direct government consultations have been held with

Bappenas (both ‘irrigation and water management’ and ‘housing and settlement’ directorates), PUPR

(Kotaku Secretariats at national and provincial level), Bappeda, and the Department of Housing and

Buildings. The main outcomes from the government consultations are:

• Urban revitalization and slum improvement already has a long history in Jakarta, starting with the

Kampung Improvement Program (KIP) in Jakarta since 1969. Later the focus shifted to construction of

low-cost housing apartment blocks to relocate or resettle slum dwellers. Forced relocation practices

have given a bad reputation to these programs.

• DKI Jakarta estimates that the backlog in housing increases with 70.000 units per year. Of this backlog

50% is for low-cost housing. With low-cost housing construction of only around 5’000 units per year,

the backlog in housing keeps growing. During the last 10 years CSR has also been mobilized for low cost

housing construction. This has until now not been able to reduce the backlog.

• Since the last three years also the central government has shifted its attention to slum improvement

with the nationwide ‘Kotaku’ program (=‘Cities without Slums’). This program is to achieve the 100-0-

100 targets (100% access to water supply, 0% slums, 100% access to sanitation). The Kotaku is a

continuation of the PNPM Mandiri program (Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Mandiri) of

PUPR Cipta Karya, which was more focused on poverty reduction.

• During the last two years Kotaku has developed a baseline study on community needs until the

neighborhood level through a bottom up process. This bottom-up process has resulted in the

preparation of Settlement Environment Restructuring Plans (Rencana Penataan Lingkungan

Permukiman – RPLP) per Kelurahan. To support this an Urban Slum Prevention and Quality

Improvement Plan (Rencana Pencegahan dan Peningkatan Kualitas Permukiman Kumuh Perkotaan-

RP2KPKP) is under preparation at each district/city. First implementation of Kotaku is planned in 2017.

Figure 6-20: Lunch Dialogue with Government Stakeholders


• The government realizes that it is not able to improve all the slum areas by itself. A lot of work still

needs to be done, and significant assistance from the private sector is more than welcome. The private

sector could contribute significantly to additional low cost housing and infrastructure, but also to

livelihood and jobs, which are not topics covered by Kotaku.

Below an overview is provided of past and on-going private sector activities in urban revitalization in

Jakarta:

Table 6-9: Poverty Reduction Related Tasks per Government Agency

Government Tasks

National Government

Bappenas • Overall policy formulation

• Funding coordination

Ministry of public works (PUPR) • Coordination and implementation of the Kotaku program

• Provision of additional bulk water

• Assistance in sanitation improvement

• Flood control

Ministry of Social Affairs • Kartu Keluarga Sejahtera (welfare card)

Ministry of Health • Kartu Indonesia Sehat (health card)

Ministry of Education • Kartu Indonesia Pintar (education card)

DKI Jakarta

Bappeda (Planning Department) • Provincial policy formulation and planning

• Provincial funding coordination

Department of Housing and

Buildings

• Preparation of a housing master plan

• Implementation of the housing master plan

Department of public works (PU) • Improvement of road infrastructure

• Improvement of sanitation conditions

Waterworks department • Flood control

• Improvement of drainage network

Kotaku Workgroup (WG PKP) • Coordination of the integrated ‘Cities without slums’ program, to accelerate the

achievement of its targets

Conclusions:

• Slum upgrading is one of the focus programs of the government of Indonesia and of DKI Jakarta. For implementation they mainly focus on improvement of physical conditions, like housing improvement, roads, drainage, water supply, sanitation and solid waste collection.

• Both national and provincial government welcome private sector participation in both physical (low cost housing, green open space, basic infrastructure) and social economic form (livelihood, micro-credit, training/education)


6.5 Financing Agencies Consultation

Financing Agencies have been consulted during the lunch dialogue for the private sector stakeholders, which

was held on 28 February 2017. The funding agencies active in urban renewal in Jakarta are:

Table 6-10: Urban Renewal Programs Supported by Funding Agencies

Funding Agency Program

International

World Bank (WB)

• PAMSIMAS Support Trust Fund (2009 - 2017)

• Jakarta Urgent Flood Mitigation Project (2012 - 2017)

• Third Water Supply and Sanitation for Low Income Communities Project (2008 - 2020)

• PNPM - Urban III project (2010 – 2013)

• National Affordable Housing Program (NAHP) (2016 - 2019)

• Indonesia National Slum Upgrading Project (2016 - 2022) • Under the GPOBA Program (Global Partnership on Output Based Aid) 5,042 water supply

house connections for underprivileged have been implemented in Rawa Bengkel, Menceng,

Warung Gantung, Rawa Lele, Utan Jati, Muara Baru.

Islamic Development Bank (IDB)

• The National Slum Upgrading Program (NSUP, 2016-2019)

• Sanimas-Community Based Sanitation Project (2013 -2019)

• PNPM Mandiri-Indonesia Integrated Community Driven Development (ICDD) Phase III

Project (2013 - 2015)

Asian Development Bank (ADB):

• Neighborhood Upgrading and Shelter Project (Phase 2, 2012 - 2018)

Bilateral

JICA

Metropolitan Priority Area for Investment and Industry (MPA), under which they provide

technical assistance on the following topics:

• Harbor expansion

• Sewerage and Sanitation

• Urban Drainage

• Land subsidence

All three International funding agencies are involved in the Kotaku program (2017-2019): the World Bank via

the ‘Indonesia National Slum Upgrading Project’ the IDB via the ‘NSUP’, and the ADB via the ‘Neighborhood

Upgrading and Shelter Project’. From these three the IDB is earmarked for slum improvement via Kotaku in DKI

Jakarta. Additional funds for Jakarta may become available from the World Bank.

JICA is mainly involved in infrastructure development in Jakarta.


6.6 Rapid Scan of existing Policies and Plans, and On-going Programs

In the ‘Rapid Scan of existing Policies and Plans, and ongoing Programs’ report, government policies and

plans are described briefly, including the concerned stakeholders (Government, community and private

sector). In the tables below overviews are presented per stakeholder group on their existing policies plans,

and ongoing programs:

Table 6-11: Government Policies and Plans and Ongoing Programs

Plan Main Features

General Development Plans

Jabodetabekpunjur

(Perpres 54/2008)

This regional spatial plan regulates among others the distance of reclamation islands from

the coast. It has been under review since 2013. Finalization is still waiting last decisions on

transportation issues, continuation of land reclamation and coastal development concept.

Jakarta Spatial Plan

(RTRW Jakarta 2030)

This spatial plan already includes the ongoing land reclamation. It has been prepared five

years ago, and is therefore expected to be revised soon

Jakarta Detailed Spatial Plans (RDTR

Jakarta 2014)

This detailed spatial plan mainly regulates future land use. Any planned housing

revitalization or redevelopment should be at RDTR zones where human settlement is

allowed

Jakarta Medium Term Development Plan

(RPJMD Jakarta 2013-2017)

• The vision of the RPJMD is that a ‘New Jakarta, will be a modern neatly structured city,

be a decent and humane place to live, have a cultured society with a public- service

oriented government".

• To achieve this the city planned to (1) restructure the city, (2) free the city from chronic

problems (traffic jams, floods, slums and waste), (3) create open space, (4) create a

tolerant culture and (5) a transparent government

• The RPJMD will be revised this year (2017) after a new Governor has been installed, to

reflect the policy of the new governor, It must however still be in line with Jakarta long

term plan (RPJP) and Jakarta spatial plan (RTRW).

Poverty Reduction and Slum Alleviation

Master Plan for the Acceleration and

Expansion of Indonesia's Poverty

Reduction (MP3KI)

The MP3KI plan is structured as a social support plan for MP3EI (Master Plan for the

Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesian Economic Development). This plan was never

published as an official document, but has evolved as a set of presentation slides.

KOTAKU – Kota Tanpa Kumuh / Cities

without Slum Programs

Program KOTAKU is a strategic effort of the Directorate General of Human Settlements,

Ministry of Public Works to accelerate slum rehabilitation. The program deals with slums by

building a collaborative platform to increase the participation of local governments and

communities.

Kotaku (Cities Without Slums) is a national program of slum prevention and quality

improvement, to implement the Strategic Plan 2015 – 2019 of the

Directorate General of Human Settlements. This program targets the

achievement of the alleviation of urban slum to 0 ha through slum

prevention and quality improvement of covering an area of 38 431

hectares. As well as improving access to infrastructure and basic services

in urban slum areas to support the realization of livable, productive and

sustainable urban settlements.

Implementation of the program:

• Component 1: Institutional and policy development

• Component 2: Integration of planning and capacity building for local governments and communities

• Component 3: Improvement of infrastructure and urban services in slums

• Component 4: Implementation and technical assistance support

• Component 5: Disaster preparedness support


Kotaku activities include:

• Conduct baseline data for slums

• Implementation of slum prevention and settlement quality improvement

• Acceleration of slum prevention and quality improvement through slum city collaboration

• Community-based livelihood Improvement

• Pilot community-based disaster risk reduction

Settlement Area Housing Development

Plan (RP3KP) DKI Jakarta

Settlement Area Housing Development Plans (RP3KP) are under development at Provincial

and City level for DKI Jakarta. These plans will function as RP2KPKP plans in the Kotaku

setup. They will mainly support implementation of RPLP plans (see next).

Settlement Environment Restructuring

Plan’

(RPLP per Kelurahan)

The RPLP plan summarizes the outcomes of the bottom-up planning of Kotaku per

Kelurahan. This bottom-up planning is a result of community participation meetings

organized by Kotaku facilitators at RT and RW levels.

Infrastructure Development

Roads and Transportation • Plans on road-expansion mainly consists of expansion of the toll road network within

and surrounding Jakarta. Several elevated roads have been built and will be built to

reduce the burden on clogged main roads.

• The increase public transport, existing railway network will be extended with new LRT,

MRT and mono-rail lines, and a fast train track is being built from Jakarta to Bandung.

• Air transport from and to Jakarta has increased significantly during the last years. The

old Halim airport has been taken in use again, and a third terminal has just been added,

with plans for terminal four already under design. Further on a new airport is planned in

Karawang.

NCICD Roadmap The NCICD Roadmap summarizes flood protection and prevention measures, as well as

opportunities for revitalization of the coastal area. It comprises a planning framework of 9

main components: Effective flood protection measures (sea and river dikes, retention

ponds, pumping systems), sustainable flood prevention measures (slowdown land

subsidence by halting deep groundwater abstraction, bulk water supply, sewerage and

sanitation), and revitalization based on revenue-generating private investment

opportunities (land reclamation and development, redevelopment and rehabilitation of

coastal area, land and sea transport). The NCICD Roadmap will be implemented in two, if

needed three phases: (1) an emergency phase (2017-2019), in which infrastructure in

critical conditions will be improved, (2) a medium term phase (2020-2030), in which the

extended polder system will be build, and groundwater abstraction will be stopped, and (3)

an optional long term phase (2031-2040) to extend coastal protection if land subsidence

cannot be stopped. HCC inclusive Basecase implementation will overlap with the

emergency phase.

Water Supply Based on data from PT. PAM Jaya, the need for clean water in Jakarta today is 28 m³/s,

while the Provincial Water Supply Company (PD PAM Jaya) can only serve 18 m³/s. Meeting

the needs of clean water in Jakarta by 2030 will still rely on bulk water source from outside

Jakarta, from Jatiluhur, Karian Dam, Cisadane and IPA Pondok Benda. While the source of

bulk water from Jakarta itself will be obtained from the West Flood Canal, the East Flood

Canal, Cengkareng Drain, Krukut and Pesanggrahan.

JICA Sewerage and Sanitation Master Plan Due to the enormous backlog in sewerage implementation (currently only 2.5% coverage),

the sewerage master plan has a target year of 2050 to achieve clean water in the rivers. The

master plan assumes a slum population of 1.3 million people (10%), which are the first

priority for sanitation improvement.

Solid Waste Management Only 87% of the waste in Jakarta is collected, so 13% of the waste is still untouched. To stop

solid waste ending up in the surface water a full coverage (100%) of the solid waste

collection is targeted, which will be implemented through the increase of available waste

collection personnel and equipment, supported by the construction of three Regional solid


waste treatment plants (Nambo in Bogor, Ciupecang in Tangerang and Bantergebang in

Bekasi), and socialization campaign on cleanliness and waste recycling.

Harbors • The expansion of Tanjung Priok Harbor is divided in two sides (East Ancol and Kalibaru),

and three phases of which the first phase will finish in 2017 and the whole harbor will

be ready in 2030.

• The other harbor with expansion plans is the fish harbor Nizam Zachman. These plans

have however been postponed, due to unclearness on land reclamation.

If infrastructure development becomes part of the HCC inclusive business case, it will be in the form of

micro-infrastructure (small infrastructure at neighborhood level, like small drains, lateral water supply and

sewerage pipes), to improve the settlement conditions. Implementation of large infrastructure is the

responsibility of the government.


Table 6-12: Community Participation

Organization Main Features of Activity

Awareness Building / Community Empowerment

Ciliwung Merdeka Ciliwung Merdeka was established in 2000 by the slum community who lived and wanted to

stay on the Ciliwung riverbanks in Bukit Duri and Kampung Pulo, and has since received

assistance of NGOs and interested students.

Slum Redevelopment

Urban Poor Consortium (UPC) Evictions in other areas of Jakarta alarmed the communities of Kampung Krapu and Tongkol

in North Jakarta to act immediately. They decided to demolish their own houses to give

space for five meter wide lanes along the river banks. Project finance was made possible

through a collective loan of EUR 10.000.

Livelihood Improvement

Karina KWI Yogyakarta and Bina Swadaya

Konsultan

CARE International

Human OSM Team (HOT)

Marunda Urban Resilience in Action (MURIA) is an urban resiliency strengthening program

funded by Cordaid Netherlands and CARE International. Several programs to increase

livelihood are implemented in parallel in the area, including (1) urban farming, (2) rainwater

harvesting, (3) Integrated Risk Management (disaster, climate change adaptation, and

environmental manageemt), community mapping and Personal Advancement and Career

Enhancement (PACE).

Sahabat Cipta Foundation The Kampung Maju Kamal Muara project was implemented between 2008 and 2012. The

project aimed to increase the livelihood of 450 smallholder households in Kamal Muara

village, North Jakarta. It focuses on skills development of youth and women micro

entrepreneurs.

Micro Infrastructure Improvement

Wahana Visi Indonesia (WVI) Promotion of a clean and healthy Jakarta by implementing Community Led Total Sanitation

(CLTS) in Kampung Penjaringan and West Semper in 2013-2015

Urban Management

URDI (Urban and Regional Development

Institute)

SAPOLA (Slum Alleviation Policy and Action Plan) was a policy-making activity accompanied

by an action plan to alleviate slums between 2010 and 2014. SAPOLA was basically

designed to support the Indonesian government in the pursuit of improved human

development index (HDI) and accelerate the achievement of Millennium Development Goal

(MDG) 7 Target 11 (in 2020, achieve significant improvement in the lives of 100 million slum

dwellers).

Table 6-13: Private Sector Participation

Sub-Group Main Features of Activity

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Indonesia

CSR initiatives in Urban Revitalization

• The Agung Sedayu Group has constructed 50 units low cost housing (‘Kampung Deret’)

in Tanah Tinggi in 2013.

• Sinar Mas Land developed a semi-natural green park, playground, futsal court, hall and

international-standard skate park in Kalijodo, which used to be Jakarta's oldest and

biggest red-light district.

• The Pluit Reservoir Park was implemented with funds of Jakarta Propertindo. The main

purpose of the project is to restore the reservoir capacity to mitigate flooding. The

project improves the living quality of almost 15.000 households currently located on the

reservoir banks and prone to repeated flooding, by providing proper subsidized

apartments nearby.

CSR initiatives in livelihood improvement • Many companies provide scholarships as an application of CSR to supports students


Sub-Group Main Features of Activity

who have financial difficulties but having good academic achievement.

• The Kampung Maju Kamal Muara project was financed by CSR of PT. Kapuk Naga Indah.

Livelihood initiatives are often funded through CSR and implemented by NGOs.

CSR initiatives in infrastructure

development

• GPOBA Program (Global Partnership on Output Based Aid): Palyja has implemented

5,042 household connections for underprivileged in Rawa Bengkel, Menceng, Warung

Gantung, Rawa Lele, Utan Jati, Muara Baru. These house connections included direct

house connections for houses on legal land, and house connections through a master

meter principle for houses on illegal land, where the master meter is located on legal

land, and from there distributed by the community to illegal houses.

• PT Agung Podomoro Land sponsors a continues Green Waste Program in its project

areas and business units, among others are in Podomoro City, Sudirman Park, Kalibata

City, Gading Nias Residences and CBD Pluit.

Public–Private Partnerships (PPP)

Current PPP investment in Greater Jakarta • None

Possible Future PPP investment in Greater

Jakarta

• Development of Patimban Port, West Java (3203 million USD)

• The 2nd Jakarta – Cikampek Toll Road (834 million USD)

• Tanjung Priok Access Toll Road (281 million USD)

• Pondok Gede Water Supply, Bekasi, West Java (25 million USD)

Conclusions on Gaps and Overlaps of Policies, Plans and On-going Programs:

• Spatial plans of Jabodetabekpunjur and DKI Jakarta are in need of update to include latest

infrastructure developments (Coastal Revitalization, MRT, high speed train track)

• The existing RPJM will soon be updated parallel to the new term of the governor of DKI Jakarta, which

is expected in mid-2017

• The Kotaku program provides detailed bottom-up plans prepared through community participation at

RT/RW level, summarized per Kelurahan. Not all slum areas however are part of the surveyed RT/RWs,

especially the slum areas on illegal land. Besides the budget needed to implement all the programs

proposed in the Kotaku plans is much higher than the budget available to Kotaku, even with the

assistance of three donors (World Bank, ADB and IDB). Livelihood missing in the Kotaku plans.

• The NCICD Roadmap includes urban revitalization in its programs, but has no clear plan to implement

this. Resettlement of communities is needed from areas that cannot be protected against flooding,

from riverbanks and sea dikes will be built.

• According to Kotaku almost all citizens of DKI Jakarta have access to sanitation facilities. According to

the JICA sewerage and sanitation master plan however these facilities are poorly maintained and

polluting the environment. To build a robust sewerage system for DKI Jakarta JICA estimates a period

of 40 years will be needed (until 2050).

• Water supply expansion is hampered by lack of additional bulk water supply (already 20 years no new

bulk water sources). Many slum areas depend on water tank cars and water distributed by jerry cans,

because there is a lack of bulk water, and PD PAM Jaya is not allowed to connect houses/shelters build

on illegal land.

• Jakarta has become cleaner because of high investment by DKI Jakarta in river cleaning and street

sweeping. Final disposal sites are however overfull, and new disposal facilities are not available yet.


The waste treatment site Nambo is still waiting its completion, and it is not clear if Jakarta will be

allowed to dispose its waste here.

• The traffic in Jakarta is getting more and more congested. Public transport is still lacking behind but has

finally received serious attention (Busway MRT, high speed train). The traffic jams are however

expected to continue, since road capacity development is not able to follow the growth in motorized

vehicles.

• National NGOs in Jakarta are mainly active in awareness building and community empowerment.

Former forced resettlement practices have resulted in a mistrust among the slum dwellers of the

intentions of government and private sector. Many National NGOs have specialized in teaching and

helping the community to achieve their rights. This has unfortunately sometimes resulted in frictions

between the stakeholders, which makes multi-stakeholder participation difficult. National NGOs active

in slum improvement and poverty alleviation in Jakarta are the Urban Poor Center (UPC), Ciliwung

Merdeka, KIARA and Rujak Center.

• International NGOs are more active in livelihood and micro infrastructure development and disaster

resilience. Their programs in Jakarta however are limited to the scale of pilot projects. The Indonesian

government has directed most International NGOs activities to rural areas. Currently the MURIA

program is the only slum improvement and poverty alleviation program in Jakarta where International

NGOs are involved, comprising Caritas/Cordaid with its local branches of Karina and CARE.

International NGOs active in (mostly rural) livelihood include ICCO, SNV, and Swisscontact, with its local

branch Sahabat Cipta Foundation.

• Private sector participation is mainly limited to voluntary or obligatory CSR, where most voluntary CSR

is used for scholarships, and re-greening, and obligatory CSR is directed to low cost housing and

infrastructure. PPP schemes are attractive in design but have seldom resulted in real implementation.

The role of the private sector to improve poverty and slums is still small.


6.7 Workshop on identification of locations, themes, stakeholders

A multi-stakeholder Workshop on ‘Scoping’ was held on Thursday 16 March 2017, in the Meeting Room SG

1-2 of the Ministry of Planning (Bappenas). The topic of the Work Shop was "Urban Revitalization with a

Human Face: Inclusive Development in the Coastal Area of Jakarta", and the participants invited were the

same stakeholders as had been attending the lunch dialogues.

The Agenda of the workshop was as follows:

1. Presentation: What are the main challenges of the coastal area of Jakarta?

by Mr. Ir. Aria Indra Purnama ST, MUM - Ministry of Land Administration and Spatial Planning

2. Presentation: What are priorities of slum communities in coastal area of Jakarta?

By: Mr. Chasan Ascholani - Muria (Karina-Caritas Indonesia)

3. Presentation: What are the plans and programs of DKI Jakarta for coastal area?

By: Dr. Ir. Oswar M. Mungkasa, MURP-Jakarta

4. Presentation: What role can private sector play in inclusive urban development?

By Tri Dewi Virgiyanti, ST, MEM – Bappenas

5. Presentation: How to orchestrate poverty reduction and slum improvement?

By Rik L. Frenkel - HCC Jakarta Program Manager

Workshop Conclusions:

• Collaboration (multi-stakeholder, multi-program, multi-source funding) is essential for effective,

sustainable and feasible poverty reduction and slum improvement.

• The next step will be to develop a business case scenario, which is based on the market-driven principal

of demand and supply, and that is supported by a larger role of the private sector.

• The selection of locations, themes and target stakeholders shall be closely coordinated with existing

policies and plans, and ongoing programs, including the NCICD Roadmap that provides an integrated

framework for the revitalization of the coastal area of Jakarta.

• The methodology shall not only focus on the realization of a pilot project based on the business case

scenario, but shall also take into account the need for up-scaling and replication.

Figure 6-21: Workshop with All Stakeholders


6.8 Short-Track locations, themes and stakeholder

All information gathered during the scoping phase is bundled in the ‘Short Track locations, themes and

stakeholders’ report. This information has been used to identify, select and rank slum locations, themes and

target stakeholder groups (as actors and as beneficiaries.

Indicators used for the pre-selection of Kelurahan were spatial, physical, social and economic. Below an

overview is provided of the criteria used for pre-selection:

Table 6-14: Criteria for Kelurahan Pre-Selection

Criteria Information Source

1 Location Criteria

1.1 Coastal Delta Area below mean sea level (polder area) NCICD

1.2 Flood Prone NCICD

1.3 High land subsidence NCICD

2 Physical Criteria

2.1 Building conditions Kotaku

2.2 Road access Kotaku

2.3 Water supply Kotaku

2.4 Drainage Kotaku

2.5 Sanitation Kotaku

2.6 Solid waste management Kotaku

2.7 Fire safety Kotaku

3 Social Criteria

3.1 Poverty (%) PNPM Mandiri 2011

3.2 Livelihood (unemployment) www.jakarta.go.id

3.3 Access to Education PoDes 2014

3.4 Access to Health Care PoDes 2014

4 Economic Criteria

4.1 Existence of small and household industries PoDes 2014

4.2 Existence of cooperatives PoDes 2014

4.3 Existence of markets PoDes 2014

4.4 Existence of banks PoDes 2014

Profiles have been prepared for all five pre-selected Kelurahans, based on field visits, and gathered information

from the ‘Inventory of Existing Poverty Conditions’ and the ‘Existing Policies, Plans and Programs’. The

information in the profiles has been the basis for the final ranking of locations, based on the following criteria:

1. Benefits to Community 2. Income Opportunity Creation 3. Potential Private Sector Investment

Based on these criteria Kelurahan Penjaringan was finally selected.


7. Conclusions and Recommendations

7.1 Conclusions of Work Stream 1

• In spite of past and on-going efforts to improve slum areas in DKI Jakarta, the slums are still there and

continue to increase. The provincial government of DKI Jakarta sees the continuous migration of slum

dwellers from outside the city into Jakarta as the main cause.

• The national government has changed its ‘social strategy’ in 2016 including poverty reduction as well as

slum alleviation. To achieve this it has transformed its PNPM Mandiri program into the Kotaku program

(Cities without Slums). Kotaku is based on a bottom-up approach, for which it has established a

widespread network of facilitators (one per Kelurahan). Baseline studies have been prepared at RT

level, and Settlement Environment Restructuring Plans (LPRPs) have been prepared per Kelurahan.

Preparation of supporting city plans (RP3KP) is on-going and implementation is just about to start.

• All stakeholders are motivated to implement slum improvement activities, but the scale of the

programs is still too small: The scale of NGO programs is often only pilot project scale, the Government

of DKI Jakarta and the Kotaku program lack sufficient budget, and the current Private sector CSR is

limited to ad-hoc charity only. Potential additional budget from the private sector could be available, if

slum improvement can be included into or related to their core business.

• The private sector has been the least active stakeholder during HCC Work Stream 1. They seem to ‘wait

and see’ what business opportunities will be presented to them, and have not yet come with ideas

from themselves.

• An obstacle for this cooperation between the three stakeholders is the mistrust that still exists

between the stakeholders: The government is not trusted because of allegations of corruption, forced

relocation practices and red-tape bureaucracy. The private sector is not trusted because they are only

profit-oriented. The NGOs are not trusted, because they are make the communities more critical.

• Not all inclusive business cases will be fully financially feasible by the private sector alone. Government

support in the form subsidies, or Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) could make an inclusive business

case more attractive.

• Kelurahan Penjaringan has been chosen for further study/assessment in the next HCC Work Streams

(2-6).

7.2 Recommendations for Next Work Streams 2-6

• Considerable research for community needs assessment has already been done by Kotaku. The HCC

community need assessment can benefit from this by contacting the facilitators for the selected

Kelurahan Penjaringan, and by using information from their baseline studies and community plans

(LPRP).

• The selection of Kelurahan Penjaringan has mainly been done based on general information that is

available on the five Kelurahans. The selection of RWs within the Kelurahan was mainly based on

physical conditions. An assessment should be made of the potential of private sector investment. The


assessment of local SMEs and larger enterprises in the neighborhood should be integral part of the

community needs assessment and the political-economic assessment.

• Private sector involvement in the next Work Streams shall be increased to make them aware of links to

business investment opportunities. This could best fit under the financing assessment, or under the

innovation assessment.

• All stakeholders must stay actively informed and involved in the process to develop a common

perception of the existing conditions, and to develop a strong sense of local ownership. This can be

achieved through regular stakeholder meetings to guide the process.

• After Work Stream 6. the HCC partners shall not only be informed, but also be actively involved and

engaged in view of their commitment to the implementation of a ‘business case’ scenario.

Scoping Report - humancities.co fileHuman Cities Coalition Scoping Report i Table of content 1 - Executive Summary 1 Background 1 Rationale 1 1.1 Short-track locations, themes and

Documents