Semester 5 Module: Sociolinguistics Semester 5 Youssef TAMER Associate Professor Department of English Studies Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 20142015 /Dr.Youssef.Tamer /YoussefTamer /+Youssef.Tamer /TEFLANDICT WWW.ENGLISHSTUDIESINFO.BLOGSPOT.COM
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Semester 5 Module: Sociolinguistics
Semester 5 Youssef TAMER
Associate Professor Department of English Studies
Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir
Key Concepts• What do sociolinguists study? • What determines language use? • What is variety/code? • What is the meaning of bilingualism? • What is individual bilingualism? • What is societal bilingualism? • What is a first language? • What is a second language?
• The participants • The setting • The topic • The function • Social dimensions • Solidarity – social distance scale • Status scale • Formality scale • Function scale
Read the following extract and decide how you would call it: a language, variety or code?
Gary: day dreaming, haha, just feel bored and can’t concentrate. Dunno why –haha
Phil: why can concentrate ar? Have ‘heart problem’?? Work hard ar, u will have present on Friday wor, and have 4 midterms. Don’t daydream la i will support you mentally ar
Gary: thx. U make me feel warm studying in UST –university of stress and tension yes, there r many ppl watch me thru icq. I can be lazy and let them down!
• Bilingualism is understood…to begin at the point where the speaker of one language can produce complete meaningful utterances in the other language.”
• This term is used in different, overlapping ways, and can mean
• a) the first language learnt; • b) the stronger language; • c) the mother tongue; • d) the language most used !Encyclopedia of bilingualism and bilingual education,
• This term is used in different, overlapping ways and can mean
• a) the second language; • b) the weaker language; • c) a language that is not the mother tongue; • d) the less used language. • Second language is sometimes used to cover 3rd or further languages.
What is societal bilingualism?!–Focus on the roles and functions of different languages in one society !–Is Morocco a bilingual society? !–Must societal bilingualism come with individual bilingualism?
• Second language can be used to describe a language widely spoken in the country of the learner; !
• Foreign language refers to a language taught in school which is not normally used as a means of instruction in schools or as a language of communication within the country, in the community or in bureaucracy.
Is English a second or foreign language in Morocco
• A Foreign language • Hong Kong: Tsang Yok-‐sing ‘Lesson in double standards’ 22/2/94 SCMP: – Our language education mistakes English as a second language in the territory, which is why we spend so much on teaching the language, yet achieve so little. In fact, English has never been and will never be, anywhere near a second language in Hong Kong, which is truly recognized as a foreign language can there be any hope of it being taught and learned properly.
Diglossia without bilingualism• Luke & Richards (1982): • A society where two or more languages are commonly used but in which: !– Individual linguistic repertoires are largely confined to one of the languages
– A single language is used for intra-‐group communication
– Bilingualism is restricted to certain areas of public life – The bilingual population is small – The two speech communities rarely mix