Scolarly Material

IDENTIFYING SCHOLARLY MATERIAL

VINCENT P. TINERELLA

EVIDENCE

SOURCES

PRIMARY – Information or data that has not been evaluated or analyzed

census datalawsdiaries

speechesautobiographies

tech reportstranscriptse-mailmusical scores

letters

SECONDARY – Information or data that has been evaluated.

booksarticlesreviewstextbooksbibliographiesWeb sites

PERIODICAL LITERATURE

POPULAR MAGAZINESJournalists-Professional Commercial

PublishersEasy to understand language General

Audience

No specific format Brief-non-technical

Glossy paper, color photos No cites-bibs

Authors not always identified Credentials not given

Entertain COMMERCIAL ADS

TRADE JOURNALS

• Specific group with an interest in a particular trade/industry.

• Provide general news, information, and statistics about a specific industry.

• Industry specific advertising.• Professional technical, business,

and staff writers.• Writers not always identified.• Rarely cites-bibliographies.• Professional publishers.• Glossy paper, color photos.

Support Industry, public relations, support professionals, and

SCHOLARLY JOURNALS

schol·ar·ship   (skŏl'ər-shĭp')  n.  Knowledge resulting from study and research in a particular field.

Investigate, experiment, inform, persuade, share

HOW CAN WE TELL IF IT’S SCHOLARLY?

AUTHORS

Journal of the Kansas Entomological SocietyArticle: pp. 634–637 | AbstractVolume 76, Issue 4 (October 2003)New Records of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) for North DakotaP. P. Tinerella Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 581

• Always acknowledged in the article (credentials and affiliation)

• Recognized experts with significant knowledge in a subject area

• Possess the credentials to speak to a subject authoritatively

PUBLISHERS

Universities and

professional societies that are always

identified

PEER REVIEWPeer reviewed (also known as refereed or juried) is a process of subjecting an author's work, research, or ideas to the scrutiny of others who are experts in the same field. It is used primarily by editors to select and to screen submitted manuscripts.

PLoS Biology Editorial Board

Anurag Agrawal Cornell University Julie Ahringer University of Cambridge Shizuo Akira Osaka UniversityJapan Richard W. Aldrich University of Texas AustinAmerica Goran Arnqvist University of UppsalaJames Ashe University of MinnesotaAnthony D. Barnosky University of California Nick H. Barton University of Edinburgh Konrad Basler University of Zurich

EDITORIAL POLICY `

FORMAL WRITING

Articles longer and provide in-depth analysis

• Standardized Rules

• Jargon w/in Field

• Technical Language

ABSTRACTS

An abstract is a brief summary of a research article, which precedes the main text.

Biology, Habitat Preference, and Larval Description of Cicindela cursitans Leconte (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae)Mathew L. Brust,A, W. Wyatt HobackA, and C. Barry KnisleyB A. Department of Biology University of Nebraska at Kearney, 905 W. 25th St. Kearney, NE 68849, U.S.A. E-mail:

Abstract: LeConte is a small, flightless tiger beetle with a widely scattered distribution in the Great Plains, the Ohio Valley, and the north-central Gulf Coast region. Many aspects of the life history of C. cursitans are poorly known, and the larval stages have remained undescribed until now. We designed experiments to determine specific habitat preference, female oviposition preference, and daily activity cycles of the adults. In addition, we describe the entire pre-adult life history. Adults are most numerous on moist clay soils with sparse to patchy vegetation, but they may also occur in tall-grass prairies. Females oviposit strictly in moist soils consisting of fine particles. Adults are both diurnal and crepuscular, and presumably spend the nighttime hours hiding among vegetation. Larvae occur in the same habitats as the adults and are typically clustered near the bases of plants. The larvae are the smallest of any tiger beetle species described in North America (body length of first instars = 2.6–3.2 mm, second instars = 5.4–6.7 mm, third instars = 8.4–10.1 mm) and most similar in morphology to Cicindela debilis Bates. Knowledge of the life history and habitats used by this species will allow a better understanding of its distribution and abundance, and its association with prairie habitats. This information as well as low dispersal rates may make this species useful for assessment of habitat quality and restoration success.

SCHOLARS CITE THEIR SOURCES

• 1.   Ludwell H. Johnson, Division and Reunion : America 1848-1877 (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1978), 195-6.

• 2.  Arthur Schlesinger, The Imperial Presidency (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1973), 72-75.

• 3.  Hans L. Trefousse, Andrew Johnson: A Biography (New York: W.W. Nortonand Company, 1969), 311.

• 4. Page Smith, Trial by Fire: A People's History of the Civil War and Reconstruction (New York: Penguin Books, 1982), 699-689.

• 5.  John W. Burgess, Reconstruction and the Constitution: 1866-1876 (New York: DeCapo Press, 1970), 9-10.

• 6.  Kenneth M. Stampp, The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877 (New York: Vintage Books, 1965), 24-30.

• 7.  Smith, p. 789.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

SPECIAL FEATURES

• Illustrations that support the text

• Statistics• Graphs, tables, and

charts• Maps• Archival

Photographs

Formal Structure

• Abstract• Literature Review• Methodology• Body w/headings• Results• Conclusions• Notes• Bibliography

PUT IT ALL TOGETHER

Katharine Sharp Review #8 - Summer 1999

Current Issue:

• Judith Currano "Making a Sound" in Chemical Information:The Importance of a Structure Editor in Information Retrieval

• David Michalski The Predicament of Anthropology:Providing Reference Support in a Fragmented Discipline

• Rebecca Platzner Dealing With Death:A Close Look at Margaret Wise Brown and Remy Charlip'sPicture Book Classic, The Dead Bird

• Vincent P. Tinerella The Crisis in Scholarly Publishing and the Role of the Academic Library  

Katharine Sharp Review Editorial Board - Issue No. 8Kevin Ward, University of Illinois - Founding Editor Luis Acosta, Catholic University of AmericaRobert Benson, University of Tennessee, KnoxvilleRobert Bolander, Kent State UniversityDaniel Cook, University of Wisconsin, MilwaukeeSheila Devaney, North Carolina Central UniversityDeborah Dossinger, University of Wisconsin, MilwaukeeMaureen Downey, University College, DublinMelisa Fiumara, University at BuffaloAnnie Goodwin, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

AUTHOR and AFFILIATION, ABSTRACT, TABLES, JARGON, FORMAL WRITING STYLE

SECTION HEADINGS, STATISTICS, FOOTNOTES

Conclusion, Notes, References, Bibliography, Author Information

BOOKS /ENCYCLOPEDIAS

• Indexes• Editors/Editorial

Board• List of

Contributors• Appendices

WEB SITES

• Google Scholar• Digital Spaces and

Resources• Pre-Prints and Open

Access Projects• Government Studies• E-Books/E-Journals

http://library.atu.edu/

THE OVERWHELMING MAJORITY OF SCHOLARS AND RESEARCHERS PUBLISH THEIR WORK IN ACADEMIC JOURNALS AVAILABLE FROM SUBSCRIPTION BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASES ACCESSIBLE FROM THE LIBRARY HOMEPAGE— NOT FREE ON THE INTERNET