Scientists view genome as it turns on and[1]

SCIENTISTS VIEW GENOME AS IT

TURNS ON AND OFF INSIDE CELLS AND

LIGHT SHED ON RNA 'ON/OFF

SWITCHES'

SILVANA ZAPATA MADRID

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

MEDICINE STUDENT

III SEMESTER

UPB

INTRODUCTION

biochemical techniques with new,

fast DNA-sequencing technology and

advanced computer technology are

using for know how a cell converts

DNA into RNA .

Structural and Molecular Biology

recently discovered RNA

"riboswitches" are capable of more

complex functions than originally

thought the study may have

implications for designing new

antibiotics against harmful bacteria.

SCIENTISTS VIEW GENOME AS IT TURNS ON

AND OFF INSIDE CELLS.

SCIENCEDAILY (JAN. 20, 2011)

SCIENTISTS VIEW GENOME AS IT TURNS ON AND

OFF INSIDE CELLS

By combining biochemical techniques with new, fast DNA-

sequencing technology examine with unprecedented

resolution how a cell converts DNA into RNA.

The main way the genome is "read" in a cell is through its

transcription into RNA "The genome is the hard drive of

the cell"

majority of DNA is transcribed. Much of the product is still

considered "junk RNA" -- simply a byproduct of the

process.

SCIENTISTS VIEW GENOME AS IT TURNS ON AND

OFF INSIDE CELLS

The research focused on DNA transcription in baker's yeast.

Nucleosomes are grape-like structures formed by strands

of DNA wrapped like vines around histone proteins, and

serve to organize enormously long DNA molecules.

Histone proteins retain a history of what has happened

recently in that part of the gene code and a "plan" for what

should happen in the future.

SCIENTISTS VIEW GENOME AS IT TURNS ON AND

OFF INSIDE CELLS

Polymerase comes in direct contact with the histone proteins

during the transcription process.

The nucleosomes acted as a speed bump for the polymerase

enzyme as it moved along the genome transcribing DNA into RNA

The organization of histone marks controlled whether "junk

RNA" was produced from a given region of DNA.

I think we should do more

research on how genes are

activated and the process from

this search for a technique to

resolve errors that may be

committed in the transcript.

LIGHT SHED ON RNA 'ON/OFF SWITCHES'

SCIENCEDAILY (FEB. 14, 2011)

LIGHT SHED ON RNA 'ON/OFF SWITCHES'

riboswitches are short stretches of RNA that reside within the

messenger RNAs of proteins involved in a cell's metabolism.

This particular riboswitch resides in the messenger RNA that

carries instructions for the enzyme responsible for the

production of glucosamine-6-phosphate, called GlmS.

when glucosamine-6-phosphate concentrations are low, the

glmS riboswitch does not self-destruct, keeping the

messenger RNA functioning

LIGHT SHED ON RNA 'ON/OFF SWITCHES

When a particular protein is needed by the cell, the corresponding

gene, made of DNA, is turned "on," or transcribed into a messenger

RNA, which then carries the "protein recipe" to the protein-making

machinery of the cell.

Riboswitches are short stretches of RNA that reside within the

messenger RNAs of proteins involved in a cell's metabolism.

Riboswitch can incorporate signals from many metabolites at once.

LIGHT SHED ON RNA 'ON/OFF SWITCHES

Binding glucosamine-6-phosphate induces self-

destruction of the riboswitch and turns the glmS gene

off.

Are the new shapes act to prevent the transcription of

messenger RNA or translation of messenger RNA into

protein.

Riboswitches have not yet been found in humans

OBSERVATION

SCIENTISTS VIEW GENOME AS IT TURNS ON AND OFF

INSIDE CELLS

The advance enables researchers to make

sense of the vast amounts of data

generated by the Human Genome Project

and the multiple genome sequencing

efforts worldwide, while providing new

tools for studying basic processes like the

reprogramming of stem cells

LIGHT SHED ON RNA 'ON/OFF SWITCHES

Riboswitches so far have been

found primarily in bacteria, the

study may have implications for

designing new antibiotics against

harmful bacteria.

SCIENTISTS VIEW GENOME AS IT TURNS ON AND LIGHT

SHED ON RNA 'ON/OFF SWITCHES

The splicing are associated with the

molecular pathology of a large

number of human diseases. At the

same time, manipulation of pre-

mRNA splicing provides opportunities

for therapeutic intervention. Has

great importance in the process of

creation of new antibiotics and the

human genome project.

MARTINES S., Lina María. Biología Molecular. 6.ed. Medellín : UPB, 2011. 111p.

Scientists View Genome as It Turns on and Off Inside Cells. [ en línea ]. <Disponible

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110119141723.htm

Light Shed on RNA 'on/Off Switches‘. [ en línea ]. <Disponible

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110213162729.htm

THANKS …