SternJanskyBidlack: Introductory Plant Biology, Ninth
Edition
Appendices
1. Scientific Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
The McGrawHill Companies, 2003
Appendix 1Scientific Names of Organisms Mentioned in the
TextThis is an alphabetical list of the organisms whose scientic
names may not be mentioned in the text. The common names are listed
alphabetically along with the scientic names. Common and scientic
names of organisms mentioned in Appendices 2 through 4 are provided
within the respective appendices.
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON
NAMEAardvark Abrasives, horsetail source of Absinthe liqueur,
source of ingredients Acacia Aconite, source of Actinomycetes
Adders tongue fern, reticulate Adders tongue ferns Afghanistan pine
Aatotoxin, source of African sausage tree Agar, source of
SCIENTIFIC NAMEOrycteropus spp. Equisetum spp. Pimpinella
anisum, Artemisia absinthium, and others Acacia spp. Aconitum spp.
Actinomyces spp. and others Ophioglossum reticulatum (has highest
known diploid chromosome number1,260) Ophioglossum spp. Pinus
eldarica Aspergillus avus Kigelia pinnata Chondrus crispus,
Eucheuma spp., Gelidium spp., Gracilaria spp., and other red algae
Agave angustifolia, A. palmeri, A. tequilana, and other Agave spp.
Kalancho spp. Alnus spp.
COMMON NAMEAlfalfa Alfalfa caterpillar Algae
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Agave Air plantsee also Bromeliad Alder
Medicago sativa Colias philodice members of Kingdom Protista all
phyla Algae, agar-producing Acanthopeltis spp., Ahnfeltia spp.,
Gelidium spp. (principal source), Gracilaria spp., Pterocladia
spp., and others Algae, Ascophyllum spp., Durvillea
alginate-producing spp., Ecklonia spp., Laminaria spp., Macrocystis
spp., and others Algae, bark Pleurococcus spp. and others (see
footnote under Bark, green algae that inhabit) Algae, brown members
of Phylum Chromophyta, Kingdom Protista Algae, Chondrus crispus,
Eucheuma carrageenan-producing spp., and others Algae, coralline
Bossiella spp., Corallina spp., Lithothamnion spp., and others
Algae/cyanobacteria, Chlorella, Irish moss (Chondrus crispus), kelp
(Laminaria spp.), edible1 laver or nori (Porphyra spp.), spirulina
(Spirulina spp.), wakame (Undaria spp.), and others
1. More than 150 species of algae and cyanobacteria are known to
be edible, but most of the approximately half million tons of dried
algae consumed annually consists of species of Laminaria, Porphyra,
and Undaria. Most commercially grown nori consists of the fronds of
Porphyra tenera, but other species of Porphyra are edible. During
their life cycles, Porphyra spp. alternate between the familiar
frond (bladed) form and a relatively inconspicuous lamentous form
that was discovered after a British phycologist germinated spores
of Porphyra umbilicaulis in a culture dish in her laboratory. The
lamentous form previously had been considered a distinct species
that had been named Conchocelis rosea. Species of Ascophyllum,
Fucus, Laminaria, and Macrocystis are harvested for animal and
poultry feeds. Dunaliella bardawil is cultured commercially as a
source of beta-carotene and glycerol. Spirulina spp.
(cyanobacteria) have a protein content of up to 70%; they are
commercially cultivated for human consumption, particularly in
Mexico and Israel, and have a been a staple food of natives of the
Lake Chad region in Africa for centuries.
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Appendices
1. Scientific Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
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Appendix 1
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON
NAMEAlgae/cyanobacteria, toxic
SCIENTIFIC NAMEAnabaena sp., Caulerpa sp., Chlorella sp.,
Chondria armata, Gambierdiscus toxicus, Hizikia sp., Lyngbya
majusculis, Oscillatoria nigroviridis, Protogonyaulax (Gonyaulax)
sp., Prototheca sp., Prymnesium parvum, Ptychodiscus (Gymnodinium
brevis), Schizothrix calcicola, and others Anabaena azollae,
Chlamydomonas mexicana, kelps, and others Platymonas spp. members
of Phylum Chromophyta, Kingdom Protista members of Phylum
Chlorophyta, Kingdom Protista Chaetopeltis spp., Eudorina spp.,
Pandorina spp., Pediastrum spp., Scenedesmus spp., Volvox spp., and
others Oedogonium spp., Spirogyra spp., Ulothrix spp., Zygnema
spp., and others Laminaria spp., Digenia spp., and many others
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii members of Phylum Rhodophyta, Kingdom
Protista Chlamydomonas nivale and others Chlorella spp.,
Zoochlorella spp. members of Phylum Chromophyta, Kingdom Protista
Prunus amygdalus Aloe barbadensis, A. ferox, A. vera, and others
Amaranthus spp. Amaryllis spp. Sadleria cyatheoides Castanea
dentata Ulmus americana Amoeba proteus and others Cochlonema
verrucosum and others
COMMON NAME
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Algae/cyanobacteria used as fertilizers or soil conditioners
Algae, atworm Algae, golden brown Algae, green Algae, green
colonial
Algae, green lamentous
Algae, medicinal Algae, metal-removing Algae, red Algae,
snowbank Algae, sponge Algae, yellow-green Almond Aloe juice,
source of Amaranth Amaryllis Amaumau American chestnut American elm
Amoeba Amoeba, fungal internal parasites of
Amoeba, fungal trappers of Dactylella spp. and others Anabaena
Anabaena spp. (including nitrogen-xing spp. such as A. azollae)
Anemone Anemone spp. Angelica Angelica archangelica Anise
Pimpinella anisum Anise swallowtail buttery Papilio zelicaon
Annatto Bixa orellana Ant Formica spp. and many others Anteater
Myrmecophaga jubata Ants, bullhorn Acacia Pseudomyrmex ferruginea
Aphid Anuraphis spp., Aphis spp., and others Aphid, root (pest of
grape vines) Phylloxera spp. Malus domestica (= Malus Apple2
pumila)2 Apple brown rot, causal agent Monolinia fructigena Apple
scab, causal agent Venturia inaequalis Apricot Prunus armeniaca
Apricot brown rot Sclerotinia fructicola Arabidopsis (Mouse-ear
cress) Arabidopsis thaliana Arborvitae (American/Northern) Thuja
occidentalis Archaebacteria members of Phylum Archaebacteria,
Kingdom Archaea Archaefructus, extinct plant believed to be the
earliest owering plant Arrowroot Maranta arundinacea, Tacca
leontopetaloides Arrowroot, Florida, source of Zamia oridana
Artichoke, Chinese (Crosne) Stachys afnis Artichoke, globe Cynaria
scolymus Artichoke, Jerusalem Helianthus tuberosus Arum Lily (Arum)
Family Araceae Ascomycete member of Phylum Ascomycota, Kingdom
Fungi Ash, blue Fraxinus quadrangulata Ash, Oregon Fraxinus
latifolia Ash, white Fraxinus americana
2. There are more than 1,000 varieties of apples, mostly of
hybrid origin. The principal ancestors of Malus pumila probably
include M. sylvestris, M. dasyphylla, and M. praecox. Some
authorities include Malus within the genus Pyrus and refer to most
cultivated apples as Pyrus malus. Others distinguish between the
two genera on the basis of leaf pubescence and stone cells within
the fruit, referring those cultivars with leaf pubescence and
sclereids to Malus and those without these features to Pyrus.
SternJanskyBidlack: Introductory Plant Biology, Ninth
Edition
Appendices
1. Scientific Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
The McGrawHill Companies, 2003
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521
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON
NAMEAsparagus Aspen, quaking Aspergillosis, causal agent(s) of
Aster Astringent, horsetail source of Athletes foot, fungal causal
agent of Autograph tree (Fig. 8.18C) Avocado Azalea Baby blue eyes
Baby powder, ground pine source of Bacteria, acetone-producing
SCIENTIFIC NAMEAsparagus ofcinalis Populus tremuloides
Aspergillus fumigatus and other Aspergillus spp. Aster spp.
Equisetum arvense, E. debile, and others Trichophyton spp. Clusia
rosea Persea americana and others Rhododendron spp. Nemophila
menziesii
COMMON NAMEBacteria, giant Bacteria, glutamic acid-producing
Bacteria, gonorrhea Bacteria, grease- and oil-dissolving Bacteria,
green sulfur
SCIENTIFIC NAMEEpulopiscium shelsonii Arthrobacter spp.,
Brevibacterium spp., Micrococcus spp. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Chlorobium spp., Chloropseudomonas spp.,
Prosthecochloris spp., and others Pyrodictium spp. Heliobacter
pylori Hydrogenomonas spp. Pseudomonas syringiae Gallionella spp.,
Sphaerotilus spp. Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus lactis
Lactobacillus delbrueckii and others
Lycopodium clavatum Clostridium acetobutylicum and others
Bacteria, acidophilus Lactobacillus acidophilus Bacteria,
ammonifying Clostridium spp., Micrococcus spp., Proteus spp.,
Pseudomonas spp., and others Bacteria, anthrax Bacillus anthracis
Bacteria, blue-greensee Cyanobacteria Bacteria, botulism
Clostridium botulinum Bacteria, brucellosis Brucella abortus, B.
suis, B. melitensis Bacteria, Bt Bacillus thuringiensis Bacteria,
bubonic plague Yersinia pestis Bacteria, buttermilk Streptococcus
lactis, S. cremoris, Leuconostoc citrovorum, and others Bacteria,
butyl alcohol Clostridium acetobutylicum and others Bacteria,
cholera Vibrio cholerae Bacteria, decay/decomposer Clostridium
spp., Micrococcus spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and others
Bacteria, denitrifying Micrococcus denitricans, Thiobacillus
denitricans, and others Bacteria, dextran Leuconostoc mesenteroides
Bacteria, diphtheria Corynebacterium diphtheriae Bacteria, ensilage
Lactobacillus delbrueckii, L. plantarum, and others Bacteria,
ethanol-producing Bacillus stearothermophilus (mutant form)
Bacteria, frost-damage preventing Pseudomonas syringiae Bacteria,
gas gangrene Clostridium novyi, C. perfringens, C. septicum
Bacteria, hot water (Sulfolobus) Bacteria, human ulcer-causing
Bacteria, hydrogen Bacteria, ice-minus Bacteria, iron Bacteria, ker
Bacteria, lactic acid Bacteria, Legionnaires disease Bacteria,
luminescent
Legionella pneumophilia Achromobacter spp., Flavobacterium spp.,
Photobacterium spp., Pseudomonas spp., Vibrio spp., and others
Bacteria, meningitis Neisseria meningitidis and others Bacteria,
methane Methanobacterium spp., Methanococcus spp., Methanosarcina
spp., and others Bacteria, milky spore disease Bacillus popilliae
Bacteria, mosquito-killing Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis
Bacteria, nitrate (nitrifying) Nitrobacter spp. Bacteria, nitrite
(nitrosifying) Nitrosomonas spp. Bacteria, nitrogen-xing
Azorhizobium spp., Azotobacter spp., Brachyrhizobium spp.,
Clostridium pasteurinum, Rhizobium spp., Sinorhizobium spp., and
others. Bacteria, paratyphoid fever Salmonella paratyphi Bacteria,
pneumonia Streptococcus pneumoniae and (some forms of pneumonia
others are viral) Bacteria, PPLO (mycoplasmas) Mycoplasma
pneumoniae Bacteria, pseudomonad Pseudomonas spp.
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Appendices
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Appendix 1
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON
NAMEBacteria, purple nonsulfur
SCIENTIFIC NAMERhodomicrobium spp., Rhodopseudomonas spp.,
Rhodospirillum spp. Amoebobacter spp., Lamprocystis spp.,
Rhodothece spp., and others Salmonella spp. Halococcus spp.,
Halobacterium spp. Leuconostoc spp. and others Acetobacter
suboxydans Rickettsia rickettsii Streptococcus spp. Sulfolobus
spp., Thermoplasma spp., Thermoproteus spp. Desulfovibrio spp.,
Thiobacillus spp., and others Treponema pallidum Clostridium tetani
Francisella tularensis Salmonella typhi Rickettsia prowazeki and
others Acetobacter spp. Bordetella pertussis Streptococcus
thermophilus Taxodium distichum Ochroma lagopus Abies balsamea
Bambusa spp., Phyllosytachys spp. Musa paradisiaca and others3
Musaceae Ficus spp. Adansonia digitata Adansonia gregorii
Lonchocarpus nicou var. utilis, Derris elliptica, and others
Berberis verruculosa and other Berberis spp. Berberis vulgaris
COMMON NAMEBark, green algae that inhabit Barley Barn swallow
Barrel cactus Barrel cactus, Covilles Basil Basswood Basswood,
American Bat Bat (Fig. 23.15) Bay, California (also known as Oregon
myrtle) Bay laurel Bay, sweet Beach strawberry Bean, broad Bean,
castor Bean Family
SCIENTIFIC NAMEProtococcus spp.4 Hordeum vulgare Hirundo rustica
erythrogaster Ferocactus spp., Mammillaria spp., and others
Ferrocactus covillei Ocimum basilicum Tilia spp. Tilia americana
Eidolon spp., Epomophorus spp., and others Leptonycteris
sanbornii
Bacteria, purple sulfur
Bacteria, salmonella (food-poisoning bacteria) Bacteria, salt
Bacteria, sauerkraut Bacteria, sorbose Bacteria, spotted fever
Bacteria, strep throat Bacteria, sulfolobus Bacteria, sulfur
Bacteria, syphilis Bacteria, tetanus Bacteria, tularemia Bacteria,
typhoid fever Bacteria, typhus fever Bacteria, vinegar Bacteria,
whooping cough Bacteria, yogurt Bald cypress Balsa Balsam r Bamboo
Banana Banana Family Banyan tree Baobab, African Baobab, Australian
Barbasco Barberry Barberry, Common/European
Umbellularia californica Lauris nobilis Laurus nobilis Fragaria
chinensis Vicia faba Ricinus communis Fabaceae (formerly
Leguminosae) Bean, garbanzo Cicer arietinum Bean, garden Phaseolus
vulgaris Bean, green Phaseolus vulgaris Bean, jequirity Abrus
precatorius Bean, kidney Phaseolus vulgaris Bean, lima Phaseolus
lunatus Bean, mescalsee Mescal button Bean, Mexican jumping
Sebastiana spp. and others Bean, mung Phaseolus aureus (= Vigna
radiata) Bean, navy Phaseolus vulgaris Bean, pinto Phaseolus
vulgaris Bean, scarlet runner Phaseolus coccineus Bean, tepary
Phaseolus acutifolius var. latifolius Bean, winged Psophocarpus
tetragonolobus Bear Ursus spp. and others Bear, polar Thalarctos
maritimus Bearberry (Kinnikinick) Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Beaver,
mountain Aplodontia rufa
3. The domestic banana was developed from hybrids between Musa
acuminata and M. balbisiana, and its genetic history is complex. N.
W. Simmonds, a recognized authority on the genus Musa, believes
that only cultivars and not species of domestic banana should be
recognized; others prefer to retain Linnaeuss species name of Musa
paradisiaca. 4. These algae are known under several names
(Desmococcus, Phytoconis, Pleurococcus, Protococcus), and
uncertainty exists as to which name has priority. The green algal
component of certain lichens, Trebouxia, also occurs independently
on bark.
SternJanskyBidlack: Introductory Plant Biology, Ninth
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Appendices
1. Scientific Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
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523
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON
NAMEBedstraw Bee, honey Beech, American Beefsteak morel Beet,
garden Beet, sugar Beetle
SCIENTIFIC NAMEGalium spp. Apis mellifera Fagus grandifolia
Helvella sp. Beta vulgaris Beta vulgaris (horticulturally selected
strains) member of Order Coleoptera, Class Insecta, Phylum
Arthropoda, Kingdom Animalia member of Family Scarabaeidaesee
Beetle Begonia spp. Atropa belladonna Cynodon dactylon Areca
catechu Pedicularis canadensis Acer macrophyllum Sequoiadendron
giganteum Betula papyrifera and others Crucibulum levis Rhizopus
nigricans, R. arrhizus Bison bison Celastrus scandens Rubus
argutus, R. laciniatus, R. procerus, R. ursinus, and others
Euphagus spp. and others Rhizopus stolonifer and others Robinia
pseudo-acacia Puccinia graminis Utricularia minor and other
Utricularia spp. Liatris ligulistylis Lycopodium clavatum Dicentra
spp. Dicentra eximia Dicentra formosa Sanguinaria canadensis, S.
isabellinus
COMMON NAME
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Beetle, scarab Begonia Belladonna, source of Bermuda grass Betel
nut Betony, wood Bigleaf maple (Fig. 8.20) Big tree Birch
Birds-nest fungus (Fig. 19.23) Birth control pills, fungi used in
manufacture of Bison Bittersweet Blackberry
Blackbird Black bread mold Black locust Black stem rust of wheat
Bladderwort Blazing star Bleeding, ground pine used to arrest
Bleeding heart Bleeding heart, eastern Bleeding heart, Pacic
Bloodroot
Blueberry Vaccinium spp. Blue curls Trichostema spp. Blue-green
algaesee Cyanobacteria Blue-green bacteriasee Cyanobacteria Blue
jay Cyanocitta cristata Bobcat Felis rufus Bolete Boletus spp. and
others Bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella Bowstring bers, source of
Sansevieria metalaea Bowstring hemp, source of Sansevieria spp. Box
elder Acer negundo Boysenberry Rubus hybrids, with R. ursinus as
one parent Bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum Brazil nut Bertholettia
excelsa Breadfruit Artocarpus altilis Bridalwreath Spiraea
vanhouttei hybrids and others Broccoli Brassica oleracea var.
botrytis Bromeliad (Air plant) Member of the Bromeliad Family
(Bromeliaceae)5 Broomrape Orobanche spp. Brown algae Member of
Phylum Chromophyta, Kingdom Protista. Representative genera include
Ascophyllum, Durvillea, Ecklonia, Ectocarpus, Hizikia, Laminaria,
Undaria, and others Brussels sprouts Brassica oleracea var.
gemmifera Bryophyte (see also member of Phyla individual listings)
Anthocerophyta, Hepaticophyta, or Bryophyta, Kingdom Plantae
Bryopsid member of Phylum Chlorophyta, Kingdom Protista Bt Bacillus
thuringiensis Buckeye Aesculus spp. Buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum
Buffalo Bison bison Bullhorn acacia Acacia cornigera Bunchberry
Cornus canadensis Burn treatment, horsetail source of ashes for
Equisetum hyemale and others
5. There are more than 2,000 species of bromeliads, which
include pineapple (Ananus comosus), Spanish moss (Tillandsia
usneoides), and many popular house plants in genera such as
Aechmea, Bilbergia, Cryptanthus (not to be confused with
Cryptantha, which is in the Boraginaceae), Neoregelia, Nidularium,
Quesnelia, and Vriesia.
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Appendix 1
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON
NAMEButchers broom Buttercup Buttercup, European bulbous Buttercup
Family Buttery
SCIENTIFIC NAMERuscus aculeata Ranunculus spp. Ranunculus
bulbosa Ranunculaceae member of Superfamily Papilionoidea, Order
Lepidoptera, Phylum Arthropoda, Kingdom Animalia Pinguicula
grandiora, P. vulgaris, and other Pinguicula spp. Eryngium spp.
Brassica oleracea var. capitata Brassica chinensis Brassicaceae
(formerly Cruciferae) Trichoplusia ni Pieris rapae Theobroma cacao
Hamatocactus setispinus Mamillaria spp., Ferocactus spp., and
others Opuntia spp. (cylindrical forms) Cactaceae Carnegia gigantea
Echinocereus spp. and others Ariocarpus ssuratus and others
Lemaireocereus spp. Opuntia spp. Melaleuca cajuputi Lagenaria
siceraria Cucurbita foetidissima Umbellularia californica
Eschscholzia californica6 Camelus spp. Camelina sativa Camellia
spp.7 Cinnamomum camphora Euphorbia antisyphilitica
COMMON NAMECandlenut Cankerworm Canna
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Butterwort Button snakeroot Cabbage (green or red) Cabbage,
Chinese Cabbage Family Cabbage looper Cabbage worm Cacao Cactus
(Fig. 24.14A) Cactus, barrel Cactus, cholla Cactus family Cactus,
giant saguaro Cactus, hedgehog Cactus, living rock Cactus,
organ-pipe Cactus, prickly pear Cajuput, source of Calabash
Calabazilla California bay (also known as Oregon myrtle) California
poppy Camel Camelina Camellia7 Camphor, source of Candelilla
Aleurites moluccana Alsophila pometaria and others Canna edulis
and other Canna spp. and hybrids Cantaloupe Cucumis melo Caraway
Carum carvi Cardamon/Cardamom Elettaria cardamomum Caribou Rangifer
tarandus Carnation Dianthus caryophyllus Carnaubalike wax, source
of Stipa tenacissima Carnauba wax, source of Copernicia cerifera
Carob Ceratonia siliqua Carpetweed Family Molluginaceae Carrot
Daucus carota Carrot Family Apiaceae (formerly Umbelliferae) Cashew
Anacardium occidentale Cassava Manihot esculenta Cassia8 Cinnamomum
cassia8 Catalpa Catalpa spp. Caterpillar larval stage of member of
Order Lepidoptera, Phylum Arthropoda, Kingdom Animalia Catnip
Nepeta cataria Cattail Typha spp. Cattlesee Cow Cauliower Brassica
oleracea var. botrytis (= B. oleracea var. cauliora)9 Caussu wax,
source of Calathea lutea Cedar, Atlantic white Chamaecyparis
thyoides Cedar, eastern red Juniperus virginiana Cedar, northern
white Thuja occidentalis Cedar, incense Calocedrus decurrens Cedar,
southern white Chamaecyparis thyoides Cedar, western red Thuja
plicata Celery, Celeriac Apium graveolens Cell-from-hell
(dinoagellate) Pestera piscicida Cellular slime mold member of
Phylum Acrasiomycota, Kingdom Protista
6. Although the generic name was given in honor of Johann
Friedrich Eschscholtz, an early 19th century German naturalist and
surgeon, the name was rst published as Eschscholzia, making the
spelling Eschscholtzia an orthographic variant. 7. More than 80
species of Camellia and 2,000 horticultural varieties are
recognized, with most of the ornamental varieties having been
derived from C. japonica and C. sasanqua. The late George Petersen
of Chico, California, produced 700 of the horticultural varieties.
Other important members of the genus include C. sinensis (tea), and
C. oleifera, whose seeds yield tea tree oil. 8. This should not be
confused with the genus Cassia, the source of senna in the Legume
Family, or cassie, a perfume oil whose source is Acacia farnesiana,
another member of the Legume Family. 9. Broccoli and cauliower are
two different forms of the same variety.
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Appendices
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525
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON NAME
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAMECitrus Citrus Family Cladophora Clematis
Clover Clover, bur Cloves Club fungus Club moss Club moss (Fig.
21.3A) Club moss (Fig. 21.3B) Coastal redwood Cobra plant
Coca/Cocaine, source of
SCIENTIFIC NAMECitrus spp. Rutaceae Cladophora spp. Clematis
spp. Trifolium spp. Medicago polymorpha Syzygium aromaticum
(formerly Eugenia caryophyllus) member of Phylum Basidiomycota,
Kingdom Fungi member of Phylum Lycophyta, Kingdom Plantae
Lycopodium cernuum Lycopodium obscurum Sequoia sempervirens
Darlingtonia californica Erythroxylum (often misspelled
Erythroxylon) coca. E. novogravatense is a lesser source.
Dactylopius coccus Xanthium strumarium Blatta orientalis, Blatella
germanica, and others Haplophyton cimicidum Celosia spp. Coffea
arabica Coffea liberica Coffea canephora Rubiaceae Coleus blumei,
C. x hybrida, and others Aquilegia spp. Aquilegia formosa Lactuca
serriola; (Silphium laciniatum is also known as Compass plant)
Rudbeckia sp. Strobilanthes spp. Agathis alba, Copaifera demeussei,
Hymenea coubaril, Trachylobium verrucosum, and others Ancistrodon
contortrix Erythrina crista-galli Agave sisalina, A. heterocantha,
A. lophantha, Phormium tenax, and others
Century plant Agave americana and others Chamise Adenostoma
fasciculatum Chara Chara spp. Chard Beta vulgaris var. cicla Cheese
bacteriasee Bacteria, buttermilk Cheese fungi Penicillium
camembertii (for Camembert cheese), P. roquefortii (for blue,
Gorgonzola, Roquefort, and Stilton cheeses) Cherry, sour Prunus
cerasus Cherry, sweet Prunus avium Chestnut, American Castanea
dentata Chia Salvia columbariae Chickadee, mountain Parus gambeli
Chickpea Cicer arietinum Chickweed (Himalayan) Stellaria decumbens
Chicle, source of Manilkara zapota Chicory Cichorium intybus
Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes and others China grass Boehmeria nivea
Chinese vegetable tallow Sapium sebiferum Chipmunk Eutamias spp.,
Tamias spp., and others Chlamydomonas Chlamydomonas spp.
Chloroxybacteria member of Chloroxybacteriae, Phylum Eubacteria,
Kingdom Bacteria Chocolate, source of Theobroma cacao Chokecherry
Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa Cholla (cactus) Opuntia spp.
(cylindrical forms) Christmas ower Euphorbia pulcherrima
Chrysanthemum About 160 spp.; many garden cultivars are hybrids of
Chrysanthemum frutescens and C. morifolium Chuckwalla Sauromalus
obesus Chufa Cyperus esculentus Chytrid Allomyces arbusculus and
many other members of Phylum Chytridiomycota, Kingdom Fungi
Cilantro Coriandrum sp. Cinnamon, cassia Cinnamomum cassia, C.
burmannii, C. loureii Cinnamon, true Cinnamomum zeylanicum Citric
acid, fungal producers of Aspergillus niger and others Citronella
oil, source of Cymbopogon nardus
Cochineal insect Cocklebur Cockroach Cockroach plant Cockscomb
Coffee, Arabian Coffee, Liberian Coffee, robusta Coffee Family (=
Madder Family) Coleus Columbine Columbine (Fig. 24.3A) Compass
plant (Fig. 7.13)
Coneower Coneower, Asian Copal, sources of
Copperhead Coral tree Cordage bers, source of
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The McGrawHill Companies, 2003
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Appendix 1
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON
NAMECoriander Corn (Maize) Corn borer, European Cotton
SCIENTIFIC NAMECoriandrum sativum Zea mays Pyrausta nubialis
Gossypium arboreum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum, G. hirsutum, G.
raimondii Populus deltoides, P. fremontii, and others Bos sp.
Heracleum lanatum Caltha palustris Crataegus spp., Malus cortonaria
(= Malus sylvestris?) Digitaria sanguinalis Vaccinium macrocarpon
Lepidium sativum, Barbarea verna, and others Arabis spp. Colchicum
autumnale and other Crocus spp. Euphorbia milii var. splendens and
others Sadleria cyatheoides member of Class Crustacea, Phylum
Arthropoda, Kingdom Animalia member of Phylum Cryptophyta, Kingdom
Protista Cucumis sativus Ecballium elaterium member of Kingdom
Bacteria; common genera include Anabaena, Lyngbya, Oscillatoria,
Phormidium, Schizothrix, and Spirulina Spirulina sp. Trichodesmium
erythraeum Bacillosiphon induratus, Synechococcus spp., and others
Cycas sp. Dioon edule Encephalartos altensteinii
COMMON NAMECypress, bald Daffodil Dahlia Daisy Daisy eabane
Dandelion
SCIENTIFIC NAMETaxodium distichum Narcissus spp. (see note under
Narcissus) Dahlia spp. Dimorphotheca spp., Layia spp., and others
Erigeron spp. Taraxacum ofcinale (Scandinavia only), elsewhere,
Taraxacum sp. aff. Adiantum capillus-veneris, Polystichum munitum
Phoenix dactylifera Laurencia spp. and others Amanita phalloides
Odocoileus spp. and others Odocoileus hemionus Dendrobium spp. and
hybrids Closterium spp., Cosmarium spp., and others Amanita virosa
Rubus hybrids with R. ursinus as one parent Biddulphia spp.,
Cymbella spp., Navicula spp., Cymatopleura solea (Fig. 18.14);
Thalassiosira elsayedii, Delphineis karstenii, Pseudonitzchia
australis, and many others member of Class Magnoliopsida, Phylum
Magnoliophyta, Kingdom Plantae Digitalis purpurea, D. lanata
Anethum graveolens member of Phylum Dinophyta, Kingdom Protista.
Representative genera include Gambierdiscus, Gonyaulax, and
Gymnodinium Gonyaulax polyedra Dischidia rafesiana Caesalpinia
coriaria Cuscuta spp. Apocynum spp. Cornus spp. Pseudotsuga
menziesii member of Family Columbidae, Class Aves, Phylum
Vertebrata, Kingdom Animalia
Cottonwood Cow Cow parsnip Cowslip Crabapple
Crab grass Cranberry, American Cress, garden Cress, rock Crocus,
autumn/fall Crown of thorns Crozier, tropical tree fern (Chapter 11
opener) Crustacean
Dandruff, fern(s) used in treatment of Date DDT-like compound,
algal producers of Death angel (Death cap) Deer Deer, mule
Dendrobium (orchid) Desmids Destroying angel Dewberry Diatom
Cryptomonad Cucumber Cucumber, squirting Cyanobacteria
Dicot
Digitalis, source of Dill Dinoagellate
Cyanobacteria, Lake Chad edible Cyanobacteria, Red Sea
Cyanobacteria, thermal Cycad (Chapter 22 opener) Cycad (Fig.
22.12A) Cycad (Fig. 22.12B) Cycadeoid (extinct gymnosperm with
palmlike leaves) Cyclamen Cypress
Cycadeoidea and other genera Cyclamen spp. Cupressus spp.
Dinoagellate, midnight-bioluminescent Dischidia Divi-divi Dodder
Dogbane Dogwood Douglas r Dove
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Appendices
1. Scientific Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
The McGrawHill Companies, 2003
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527
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON NAMEDove,
mourning Downy mildew of grape Dragons blood Drimys Duckweed
SCIENTIFIC NAMEZenaidura macroura Plasmopora viticola Dracaena
spp., Daemonorops spp. Drimys winteri and other Drimys spp. Lemna
spp., Wolfa spp., and others Rhodymenia spp.
COMMON NAMEFennel Fenugreek Fern(s), adders tongue Fern(s),
amphibious Fern(s), aquatic (oating) Fern(s), source of
astringent
SCIENTIFIC NAMEFoeniculum vulgare Trigonella foenum-graecum
Ophioglossum spp. Marsilea spp. and others Azolla spp., Salvinia
spp. Actiniopteris radiata, Drynaria quercifolia, Pteridium
aquilinum, and others Pellaea mucronata Asplenium nidus Nephrolepis
exaltata Pteridium aquilinum Cyathea sp. Polystichum munitum
Woodwardia mbriata Osmunda cinnamomea Lygodium salicifolium
Adiantum aethiopicum, A. lunulatum, Polypodium glycyrrhiza Adiantum
capillus-veneris, Polystichum munitum Adiantum caudatum Botrychium
lunaria, B. ternatum, Pteridium aquilinum, and others Adiantum
venustum, Lygodium japonicum Sadleria cyatheoides (trunk),
Sphenomeris chusana (fronds) Botrychium lunaria, B. ternatum,
Pteridium aquilinum, and others Lygodium exuosum Asplenium
adiantum-nigrum Marsilea quadrifolia Adiantum pedatum Athyrium
lix-femina, Dryopteris austriaca, D. lix-mas, Polystichum munitum,
and others Psaronius spp., Thamnopteris spp., and others
Pentagramma triangularis Polystichum lonchitis Cyathea arborea,
Lophosoria quadripinnata, Nephelea mexicana
Dulse Dung mosses (on dung of carnivores) Tayloria spp. Dung
mosses (on dung of herbivores) Splachnum spp. Dutch elm disease,
causal agent of Ophiostoma ulmi/O. nova-ulmi Dutchmans breeches
Dicentra cucullaria Dyers woad Isatis tinctoria Dyes, sources ofsee
listing in Appendix 3 Eagle, golden Aguila chrysautos Earth star
Geaster spp. and others Earthworm Lumbricus spp. and others Ebony
Diospyros ebenum Eelworm (nematode) member of Class Nematoda,
Phylum Aschelminthes, Kingdom Animalia Eelworm (nematode)
Dactylaria spp., Arthrobotrys fungi, those that trap actyloides
with constricting rings Eelworm (nematode) fungi, those that trap
with passive rings Dactylella spp. Eggplant Solanum melongena
Elephant Elephas spp., Loxodonta spp. Elephant ears Colocasia spp.
Elk Cervus canadensis Elm, American Ulmus americana Elm bark beetle
Hylurgopinus rupes, Scolytus multistriatus Endive Cichorium endivia
ssp. divaricatum Endive, Belgian Cichorium intybus Ergot Claviceps
purpurea Ermine Mustela erminea Eucalyptus, source of bark/wood for
tannins Eucalyptus wandoo Eucalyptus, Tasmanian giant Eucalyptus
regnans Eucalyptus oil, source of Eucalyptus spp.; there are more
than 250 spp. of Eucalyptus Euglenoid member of Phylum
Euglenophyta, Kingdom Protista
Fern, birds foot Fern, birds nest Fern, Boston Fern, bracken
Fern, Brazilian tree (Fig. 21.25) Fern used in treating burns Fern,
chain Fern, cinnamon Fern, climbing (Asian) Fern(s) used in
treating coughs Fern(s) used in treating dandruff Fern used in
treating diabetes Fern(s) used in treating diarrhea Fern(s) used as
diuretic Fern(s) source of dyes Fern(s) used in treating dysentery
Fern used in treating eczema Fern used in treating eye diseases
Fern used to reduce fevers Fern, ve-nger Fern(s) used as food
Fern(s), fossil Fern, goldback Fern, holly Fern(s) used by
hummingbirds
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Appendix 1
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON NAMEFern
used for treating insect stings and bites Fern used for easing
labor pains Fern, lady Fern(s) used as laxative
SCIENTIFIC NAMEAdiantum capillus-veneris
COMMON NAMEFir, Douglas Fir, white Fireweed Fish
SCIENTIFIC NAMEPseudotsuga menziesii Abies concolor Epilobium
angustifolium member of Class Pisces, Phylum Vertebrata, Kingdom
Animalia Anomalops katoptron, Photoblepharon palpebratus
Saprolegnia spp. and others Adiantum pedatum Lycopodium spp.
Convoluta roscoffensis Linum spp. Phormium tenax member of Order
Siphonaptera, Phylum Arthropoda, Kingdom Animalia Colaptes spp.
Zamia integrifolia Equisetum laevigatum Dischidia rafesiana member
of Order Diptera, Phylum Arthropoda, Kingdom Animalia Amanita
muscaria Empidonax spp., Myiarchus spp., and others Gossinia
morsitans, G. palpalis Aleurocanthus woglumi and others Physcia sp.
Annularia radiata Lepidodendron Nyctaginaceae Alopex lagopus
Urocyon cinereoargentus Vulpes fulva Digitalis purpurea Plumeria
rubra and other Plumeria spp. Rana spp., and others Drosophila
melanogaster (there are many other species of fruit y) Epilobium
canum
Athyrium lix-femina Athyrium lix-femina Asplenium trichomanes,
Polypodium vulgare Fern used in treating leprosy Marsilea
quadrifolia Fern, licorice Polypodium glycyrrhiza Fern(s) poisonous
Onoclea sensibilis, Pteridium to livestock aquilinum Fern, edible
Malaysian Athyrium esculentum (relative of Lady fern) Fern, male
Dryopteris lix-mas Fern, mosquito Azolla caroliniana Fern, nest
Asplenium nidus Fern used to arrest nosebleeds Pellaea mucronata
Fern(s) used for orchid bark Cibotium spp., Osmunda spp. Fern,
Oriental water Ceratopteris thalictroides Fern used as poison
antidote Polystichum squarrosum Fern(s) used in Asplenium
ruta-muraria, treating rickets Osmunda regalis Fern(s) used for
stufng mattresses, pillows, upholstery Cibotium spp., Sadleria spp.
Fern, sword Polystichum munitum Fern used in treating toothache
Pentagramma triangularis Fern(s), Hawaiian tree Cibotium spp.,
Sadleria spp. Fern, tree Cyathea spp., Ctenitis spp., Dicksonia
spp., Marattia spp., Sphaeropteris spp., and others Fern, tropical
(Fig. 21.18) Dicranopteris linearis Fern, tropical tree (Fig.
21.25) Cibotium sp. Fern used for expelling worms Dryopteris
lix-mas Fern(s) used for treating Lygodium circinatum, wounds
Ophioglossum vulgatum Fevers, fern used to reduce Marsilea
quadrifolia Fevers, ground pine used to reduce Lycopodium clavatum
Fig, common Ficus carica Fig, tropical Ficus spp. Fig, tropical
(Fig. 5.14) Ficus macrophyllus Figwort Family Scrophulariaceae
Filaree Erodium spp. Fir, balsam Abies balsamea
Fish, ashlight Fish molds Five-nger fern Flashlight powder,
ground pine source of Flatworm Flax Flax, New Zealand Flea
Flicker Florida arrowroot Flour, Hopi Indian horsetail source of
Flowerpot leaf plant Fly
Fly agaric Flycatcher Fly, tsetse Fly, white Foliose lichen
(Fig. 19.34) Fossil, compression (Fig. 21.26) Fossil, ground pine
(Lycopodium) (Fig. 21.9) Four-oclock Family Fox, arctic Fox, gray
Fox, red Foxglove Frangipanni Frog Fruit y, common
Fuchsia, California
SternJanskyBidlack: Introductory Plant Biology, Ninth
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Appendices
1. Scientific Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
The McGrawHill Companies, 2003
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529
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON
NAMEFumitory, Himalayan Fungi that produce antibiotics Fungi that
cause aspergilloses Fungi that cause athletes foot Fungi used by
beetles for food Fungi, birds-nest Fungi used in manufacturing
birth control pills Fungi, cap-thrower Fungi, cheese
SCIENTIFIC NAMECorydalis gerdae Penicillium spp., Cephalosporium
spp., and others Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans,
Coccidiodes immitis, and others Trichophyton spp. Ambrosiella spp.,
Monilia spp. Nidularia spp., Crucibulum levis
COMMON NAMEFungus, bracket (Fig. 19.21) Fungus, bracket/shelf
Fungus, downy mildew of grape Fungus, foolish seedling (of rice)
Fungus used in Beadle & Tatum genetic experiments Fungus, jelly
Fungus, kidney bean leaf (production of fungal inhibitors
stimulator) Fungus, miso Fungus, causal agent of Panama disease (of
bananas) Fungus used in producing plastics Fungus, sac (Fig. 19.7)
Fungus, tempeh Fungus used in r manufacturing toothpaste Fungus,
white piedra Fungus used in manufacturing yellow food-coloring
agent Funori, source of Fur, green algae that inhabit animal
Gentian, source of Geranium Geranium Family Gila monster Ginger
Ginseng, source of Giraffe Gladiolia/Gladiolus Gloeocapsa Goat
Goldback fern Golden brown algae
SCIENTIFIC NAMEFomes sp. Grifola sulphurea Plasmopora viticola
Gibberella fujikuroi
Neurosopora crassa Auricularia spp., Exidia spp., Tremella spp.,
and others
Fungi, avor-producing Fungi, hallucinogenic
Fungi, horse dung Fungi, industrial alcohol-producing Fungi,
insect-parasitizing
Rhizopus nigricans, R. arrhizus Pilobolus spp. Penicillium
camembertii (for Camembert cheese), P. roquefortii (for blue,
Gorgonzola, Roquefort, and Stilton cheeses) Aspergillus spp.
Amanita muscaria, Conocybe spp., Panaeolus spp., Psilocybe spp.,
and others Pilobolus spp.
Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Aspergillus oryzae Fusarium
oxysporum Aspergillus terreus Caloscypha fulgens Rhizopus
oligosporus Aspergillus nige Trichosporon beigeli
Aspergillus spp. members of Order Laboulbeniales, Phylum
Ascomycota, Kingdom Fungi, and others Fungi, meat-tenderizing
Thamnidium spp. Fungi, ringworm Epidermophyton spp., Microsporium
spp., Trichophyton spp. Fungi, shelfsee Fungi, bracket Fungi, shoyu
Aspergillus oryzae, A. soyae Fungi used in silvering of mirrors
Aspergillus spp. Fungi used in manufacturing soap Penicillium spp.
Fungi, soil Fusarium spp., and others Fungi, soy sauce Aspergillus
oryzae, A. soyae Fungi, sufu Actinomucor elegans, Mucor spp. Fungi,
teonanacatl (sacred) Conocybe spp., Panaeolus spp., Psilocybe spp.,
and others Fungus, bolete (Fig. 19.20) Serillus pungens Fungus,
bracket (Fig. 19.13C) Phacolus sp.
Blakeslea trispora Gloiopeltis spp. Trentepohlia spp. Gentiana
spp. Geranium spp., Pelargonium spp. Geraniaceae Heloderma
suspectum Zingiber ofcinale and others Panax quinquefolium and
others Giraffa camelopardalis Gladiolus spp. Gloeocapsa spp. Capra
spp. Pentagramma triangularis members of Phylum Chromophyta,
Kingdom Protista Laburnum anagyroides Solidago spp. Hydrastis
canadensis
Golden chain tree Goldenrod Goldenseal
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Appendices
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Appendix 1
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON
NAMEGoldenweed Goose Gooseberry Goosefoot Family Gopher plant
Gopher, pocket Gourd Grape Grapefruit Grape, wine/table Grass
(including lawn grasses) Grass, Bermuda Grass, crested wheat Grass
Family Grass, Indian Grass, pampas (Fig. 7.5) Grass tree
(Australian) Gray pine12 Green algae
SCIENTIFIC NAMEHaplopappus gracilis10 Branta spp. and others
Ribes spp. Chenopodiaceae Euphorbia lathyrus (E. lathyris = E.
lathyrus) Geomys bursarius, Thomomys spp., and others Lagenaria
siceraria and others Vitis spp. Citrus paradisi Vitis vinifera
Bromus spp. and others11 Cynodon dactylon Agropyron cristatum
Poaceae (formerly Gramineae) Sorghastrum nutans Cortaderia selloana
Xanthorrhea spp. Pinus sabiniana member of Phylum Chlorophyta,
Kingdom Protista; representative genera include Caulerpa,
Chlorella, Codium, Dunaliella, Enteromorpha, Hydrodictyon,
Microcystis, Pandorina, Pithophora, Scenedesmus, Spirogyra,
Tetraselmis; there are more than 200 genera and about 7,500 species
Smilax spp. Lycopodium spp. Baragwanathia spp., Drephanophycus
spp., Protolepidodendron spp., and others Lycopodium clavatum
Lycopodium clavatum Lycopodium selago Lycopodium clavatum, L.
complanatum, L. obscurum, and other Lycopodium spp.
COMMON NAMEGround pine used to reduce fevers Guava Gum arabic,
source of Gum tragacanth, source of
SCIENTIFIC NAMELycopodium clavatum Psidium guajava Acacia
senegal Astragalus echidenaeformis, A. gossypinus, A. gummifer, and
others Lebistes reticulatus Polytrichum commune member of Phylum
Prymnesiophyta, Kingdom Protista Buteo spp., Falco spp., and others
Corylus spp. Corylus avellana Erica spp. and others Ericaceae Tsuga
canadensis Tsuga mertensiana Conium maculatum Cicuta spp. Tsuga
heterophylla Cannabis sativa Musa textilis Furcraea gigantea Lamium
amplexicaule Lawsonia inermis Hepatica spp. Hepatica americana
Carya spp. Sus scrofa, and others Lomatium spp. llex opaca Apis
mellifera Ostrya virginiana Humulus lupulus Marrubium vulgare
Anthoceros spp. Equus caballus Aesculus hippocastanum Equisetum
spp. Equisetum hyemale
Guppy Hairy cap moss (p. 392) Haptophyte
Greenbrier Ground pine Ground pine, fossil relatives of Ground
pine used for baby powder Ground pine used to arrest bleeding
Ground pine used as intoxicant Ground pine used for ornaments
Hawk Hazelnut Hazelnut, European Heath Heath Family Hemlock,
eastern Hemlock, mountain Hemlock, poison Hemlock, water Hemlock,
western Hemp Hemp, Manila Hemp, Mauritius Henbit Henna Hepatica
Hepatica (Fig. 24.3C) Hickory Hog Hog fennel Holly, American Honey
bee Hop hornbeam Hops Horehound Hornwort Horse Horse chestnut
Horsetail Horsetail (Fig. 21.10A)
10. This species has a diploid number of 2n = 4; i.e., each body
cell has four chromosomes. 11. The Grass Family (Poaceae) comprises
about 4,500 species of grasses. Some plants with grass in their
name are in other families and are not true grasses, e.g., Grass of
parnassus (Parnassia californica); Grass pink (Petrorhagia dubia).
12. Gray pines were formerly known as Digger pines. The common name
was changed in deference to Native Americans who consider digger a
derogatory term.
SternJanskyBidlack: Introductory Plant Biology, Ninth
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Appendices
1. Scientific Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
The McGrawHill Companies, 2003
Scientic Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
531
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON NAME
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAMEIris Iris, buttery Iris Family Ironwood,
South American Isopyrum Ivy, Algerian Ivy, Boston Ivy, English Ivy,
poison
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Horsetail (Fig. 21.10B) Equisetum telmateia Horsetail used as
abrasive Equisetum (all spp.) Horsetail used as astringent
Equisetum arvense, E. debile, and other Equisetum spp. Horsetail
used for treating burns Equisetum hyemale and others Horsetail used
for treating diarrhea Equisetum hyemale Horsetail used as diuretic
Equisetum arvense, E. debile, and others Horsetail used for
treating dysentery Equisetum hyemale Horsetail, eld Equisetum
arvense Horsetail, fossil Equisetites spp., Hyenia spp.,
Sphenophyllum spp., and others Horsetail, giant Equisetum telmateia
Horsetail, Hopi Indian our source Equisetum laevigatum Horsetail,
treelike fossil Calamites spp. Horsetail used as hair wash
Equisetum hyemale Horsetail used as water source Equisetum
telmateia Hot springs, blue-green Bacillosiphon induratus, bacteria
(cyanobacteria) of Synechococcus spp., and others Human hair slime
mold Stemonitis spp. Hummingbird Archilocus spp. and others
Hummingbird, Oasis (Fig. 23.15) Rhodopis vesper Hummingbirds, ferns
used Cyathea arborea, Lophosoria by (for nest material)
quadripinnata, Nephelea mexicana Hummingbirds, tropical
Chlorostilbon maugaeus and others Hyacinth Hyacinthus orientalis
and other Hyacinthus spp. Hyacinth, grape Muscari spp. Hyacinth,
water Eichhornia crassipes Hyssop Hyssopus ofcinalis Ice plant
Carpobrotus spp. (esp. C. edulis), Mesembryanthemum crystallinum,
and others India, toxic blue-green bacteria (cyanobacteria) of
Lyngbya majuscula Indian pipe Monotropa uniora Indian warrior
Pedicularis densiora Indigo Indigofera tinctoria Insectssee
individual entries Insects, fern used for treating stings and bites
of Adiantum capillus-veneris Ipecac, source of Cephaelis
ipecacuanha
Iris spp. Moraea spp. Iridaceae Krugiodendron ferreum Isopyrum
occidentale Hedera canariensis Parthenocissus tricuspidata Hedera
helix Toxicodendron radicans (formerly Rhus toxicodendron)
Jacaranda Jacaranda spp. Jaeger Stercorarius spp. Japanese yew
(Fig. 22.9) Taxus cuspidata Jicama Pachyrhizus erosus Jimson weed
(Fig. 8.6) Datura stramonium Jojoba Simmondsia californica, S.
chinensis Joshua tree Yucca brevifolia Jumping mouse Zapus
hudsonius, Napaeozapus insignis Junco Junco spp. Junco,
slate-colored Junco hyemalis Juneberry Amelanchier spp. Juniper
Juniperus spp. Juniper, dwarf Juniperus communis and others Jute
Corchorus capsularis and others Kauri pine/resin Agathis australis,
A. robusta Kelp Alaria spp., Dictyoneurum spp., Ectocarpus spp.,
Egregia spp., Laminaria spp., Lessoniopsis spp., Nereocystis spp.,
and others Kelp, giant Macrocystis pyrifera Knotweed Polygonum
aviculare, P. arenastrum Kohlrabi Brassica oleracea var. caulorapa
(= B. oleracea var. gongyloides) Koonwarra angiosperm (extinct
angiosperm whose fossil was discovered in Australia) (appears to be
similar to members of the pepper familyPiperaceae) Kudzu Pueraria
thunbergiana (= P. lobata) Kumquat Fortunella japonica Lambs ears
Stachys byzantina Larch, eastern Larix laricina Larch, European
Larix decidua Larch, western Larix occidentalis Larkspur, blue
Delphinium spp.
SternJanskyBidlack: Introductory Plant Biology, Ninth
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Appendices
1. Scientific Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
The McGrawHill Companies, 2003
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Appendix 1
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON
NAMELarkspur, red Late blight of potato Laurel Laurel Family
Lavender
SCIENTIFIC NAME
COMMON NAMELicorice, source of Lignum vitae Lilac, common Lily
Lily Lily, kafr Lily, tiger Lily, wood Lily Family Lime Litchi
Litmus indicator dye, source of Live oak Liverwort
SCIENTIFIC NAMEGlycyrrhiza glabra Guaiacum ofcinale Syringa
vulgaris Lilium spp. and others Lilium regale, L. auratum, L.
martagon Clivia sp. Lilium pardalinum Lilium superbum Liliaceae
Citrus aurantifolia Litchi sinensis Rocella spp. Quercus
chrysolepis, Q. virginiana, Q. wislizenii, and others member of
Phylum Hepaticophyta, Kingdom Plantae Porella sp. Calopogeia sp.,
Bazzania trilobata, Frullania spp., Jungermannia spp., Porella
spp., and others14 Conocephalum spp., Lunularia spp., Marchantia
spp., and others Sceloporus spp. and others
Delphinium nudicaule Phytophthora infestans Laurus nobilis
Lauraceae Lavandula ofcinalis, L. angustifolia Leaf hopper member
of Order Homoptera, Phylum Arthropoda, Kingdom Animalia Leaf miner
Agromyza spp. and others Leaf roller Archips argyrospila and others
Leafy liverwortsee Liverwort, leafy Legume Family Fabaceae
(formerly Leguminosae) Lemming Lemmus spp., Dicrostonyx
groenlandicus Lemon Citrus limon Lemongrass oil, source of
Cymbopogon citratus, C. exuosus Lentil Lens esculenta (= Lens
culinaris) Lettuce Lactuca sativa Lichen (symbiotic association of
an alga member of Phylum and a fungus) Ascomycota, Kingdom Fungi13
Lichen, foliose (Fig. 19.34) Physcia sp. Lichen, foliose (Fig.
19.35B) Parmelia sp. Lichen, fruticose (Fig. 19.39C) Usnea sp.
Lichen, grazed by North African sheep Lecanora spp. Lichen, litmus
Rocella spp. Lichen, natural dye Parmelia spp., Usnea spp., and
others Lichen, perfume stabilizer Evernia spp. Lichen, reindeer
Cladonia spp., Cetraria (reindeer moss) islandica Lichens, crustose
(Fig. 19.35A) black Rinodina sp. chartreuse Acarospora citrina gray
Psora sp. orange-red Caloplaca elegans yellow Candelariella
vitellina Lichens used as miniature trees and shrubs Cladonia spp.
and others
Liverwort, leafy (Fig. 20.8) Liverworts, leafy
Liverworts, thalloid
Lizard Lobeline sulfate, source of (used in formulas to assist
in stopping smoking) Lobelia inata Locoweed Astragalus mollisimus
and other Astragalus spp. Locust, black Robinia pseudo-acacia
Loganberry Rubus hybrids, with R. ursinus as one parent; Rubus
vitifolius Logwood Haematoxylon campechianum Loon Gavia spp. Louse
Orders Mallophaga and Anaplura, Class Insecta, Phylum Arthropoda,
Kingdom Animalia Love-lies-bleeding Amaranthus caudatus Lucernesee
Alfalfa Luffa Luffa cylindrica, L. acutangula Lupine Lupinus
spp.
13. The lichens are arbitrarily treated under Phylum Ascomycota
within Kingdom Fungi because (1) the vast majority of fungal
components of each species are ascomycetes, and (2) the fungal
component of each species of lichen is unique to the species, while
the algal component is often common to more than one species of
lichen. 14. There are thousands of species of leafy liverworts
assigned to about 200 genera.
SternJanskyBidlack: Introductory Plant Biology, Ninth
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Appendices
1. Scientific Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
The McGrawHill Companies, 2003
Scientic Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
533
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON NAMELupine,
tree with seed valves Madder Family Magnolia Magnolia Family Mallow
Mallow Family Mango Mangrove Mangrove, black Manila hemp Maniocsee
Cassava Manroot Maple Maple, bigleaf (Fig. 8.20) Maple, hard Maple,
red Maple, silver Maple, sugar Marigold Marijuana Marjoram
SCIENTIFIC NAMELupinus arboreus Rubiaceae Magnolia spp.
Magnoliaceae Malva spp. Malvaceae Mangifera indica Rhizophora
mangle, R. candelaria, and others Avicennia germinans, A. nitida
(Fig. 5.10) Musa textilis Marah spp. Acer spp. Acer macrophyllum
Acer saccharum Acer rubrum Acer saccharinum Acer saccharum Tagetes
erecta and other Tagetes spp. Cannabis sativa Majorana hortensis (=
Origanum majorana), pot marjorum = Origanum onites Ilex
paraguariensis Limnanthes spp. Pseudococcus spp. Cucumis melo
Cucumis melo (variety) Melothria pendula Acetabularia spp. Sophora
secundiora Prosopis glandulosa Asclepias syriaca and other
Asclepias spp. Asclepias incarnata
COMMON NAMEMistletoe Mistletoe, dwarf Mite
SCIENTIFIC NAMEPhoradendron spp. Arceuthobium spp. member of
Order Acarina, Phylum Arthropoda, Kingdom Animalia Philadelphus x
virginalis and other Philadelphus spp. and hybrids member of Phylum
Mollusca, Kingdom Animalia Ateles dariensis and many others Mimulus
spp. Aconitum columbianum member of Class Liliopsida, Phylum
Magnoliophyta, Kingdom Plantae Alces americana, A. alces Morchella
esculenta and other Morchella spp. Helvella sp. Ipomoea violacea
and others Anopheles spp., Culex spp., and others member of Phylum
Bryophyta, Kingdom Plantae Acaulon spp., Ephemerum spp., and others
Tetraplodon spp. Bryum spp., Mnium spp. Mielichhoferia spp.,
Scopelophila spp. Tayloria sp. Andreaea sp., Rhacomitrium
lanuginosum Didymodon spp., Desmatotodon spp., and others Tortura
ruralis Dicranoweisia sp. Encalypta spp. Polytrichum spp. Splachnum
spp.
Mock orange
Mollusc Monkey Monkey ower Monkshood Monocot
Moose Morel Morel, false Morning glory Mosquito Moss Moss,
annual (bare soil) Moss, antler and bone Moss used by Indians to
treat burns Moss, copper-rich substrate-inhabiting Moss, carnivore
dung-inhabiting Moss, calcium absence indicator Moss, calcium
presence indicator Moss, exceptionally desiccation-resistant Moss,
European roof-waterproong Moss, extinguisher Moss, hair(y) cap Moss
, herbivore dung-inhabiting
Mat Meadow foam Mealy bugs Melon Melon, honeydew Melonette
Mermaids wineglass Mescal bean Mesquite Milkweed Milkweed, swamp
Millet15 Millipede
member of Class Diplopoda, Phylum Arthropoda, Kingdom Animalia
Mintsee Peppermint, Spearmint, etc. Mint Family Lamiaceae (formerly
Labiatae)
15. Several species of grain are called millet, but the most
extensively cultivated taxa are Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet)
and Eleusine coracana (nger millet). Other millets, some of which
are used as pasturage, include Panicum milliaceum (broomcorn
millet); P. maximum; P. obtusum; P. purpurascens; P. ramosum; P.
texanum; P. virgatum; Echinochloa colona; E. crus-galli; Paspalum
sp.; Eragrostis sp.; Setaria italica; and others.
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Appendices
1. Scientific Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
The McGrawHill Companies, 2003
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Appendix 1
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON NAME
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAMEMushroom, common cultivated edible
Mushroom, inky cap Mushroom, oyster Mushroom, pore (Fig. 19.20)
Mushroom, portabella Mushroom, shaggy mane Mushroom, shiitake
Muskrat Mustard Mustard, cultivated Mustard Family Myrrh, source of
Myrtle17 Narcissus Nasturtium (garden) Nectarine Neem tree
Nematode
SCIENTIFIC NAMEAgaricus bisporus Coprinus spp. Pleurotus
ostreatus Serillus pungens Agaricus bisporus (variety) Coprinus
comatus Lentinus edodes Ondatra zibesthicus Brassica campestris, B.
nigra, and others Brassica alba, B. juncea, and others Brassicaceae
(formerly Cruciferae) Commiphora abyssinica Umbellularia
californica17 Narcissus spp. and hybrids18 Tropaeolum majus Prunus
persica Azadirachta indica member of Class Nematoda, Phylum
Aschelminthes, Kingdom Animalia Urtica spp. Duboisia hopwoodii,
Nicotiana tabacum Atropa belladonna Solanaceae Nostoc spp.
Myristica fragrans Torreya californica Myristicaceae Quercus spp.
Quercus velutina Quercus douglasii Quercus suber Quercus lobata
Quercus wislizenii (other live oaks include Quercus chrysolepis and
Q. virginiana)
Moss, luminous Schisostega pennata, Mittenia sp. Moss, mammal
dung-inhabiting Splachnum luteum Moss, peat Sphagnum spp. Moss,
pollution-sensitive Hypnum spp. and others Moss, pygmysee Moss,
annual Moss, rock Andreaea spp., Grimmia spp., and others Moss rose
Portulaca grandiora Moss, saline (salty) soil indicator Pottia spp.
Moss, seasonal running-water indicator Fontinalis spp. Moss,
sphagnum Sphagnum spp. Moth member of Order Lepidoptera, Class
Insecta, Phylum Arthropoda, Kingdom Animalia Moth, Argentine, used
to control cactus in Australia Cactoblastus cactorum Moth, codling
Carpocapsa pomonella Moth, gypsy Porthetria dispar Moth, Mexican
jumping bean Carpocaps asaltitans Moth, Yucca Pronuba spp.,
Tegeticula spp. Moth mullein Verbascum blattaria Mountain beaver
Aplodontia rufa Mouse Mus musculus, Peromyscus spp., and others
Mouse, jumping Zapus hudsonius, Napaeozapus insignis Mulberry Morus
spp. Mulberry, red Morus rubra Mulberry, white Morus alba Mule ears
Wyethia spp. Mullein Verbascum thapsus Mullein, moth Verbascum
blattaria Mushroom16 Agaricus spp. and others Mushroom, common red
(Fig 19.13A) Russula sp. Mushroom, fairy ring (Fig. 19.19) Pholiota
sp.
Nettle Nicotine relative (nornicotine), source of Nightshade,
deadly Nightshade Family Norisee Purple laver Nostoc Nutmeg Nutmeg,
California Nutmeg Family Oak Oak, black Oak, blue Oak, cork Oak,
Hooker Oak, live (Fig. 9.7)
16. Mushroom is a term generally applied to the fruiting bodies
with stalked, caplike structures produced by members of Phylum
Basidiomycota, Kingdom Fungi. The term is also loosely applied to
some of the fruiting bodies of members of other classes of true
fungi. There are thousands of known species. 17. This plant, also
known as the California bay, is in the Laurel Family (Lauraceae).
True myrtles are in the Myrtle Family (Myrtaceae). 18. The 27 known
species of Narcissus (native to Europe and the Mediterranean
regions) have been extensively cultivated and hybridized. There is
a botanical classication for wild forms and a horticultural
classication based primarily on the extent of the corona, ower
color, and fragrance. The horticultural forms are known by common
names such as narcissi, daffodils, jonquils, pheasants eye, angels
tears, etc.
SternJanskyBidlack: Introductory Plant Biology, Ninth
Edition
Appendices
1. Scientific Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
The McGrawHill Companies, 2003
Scientic Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
535
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON NAMEOak,
poison Oak, red Oak, white Olibanum tree Olive Onion Oomycete
Opuntiasee Prickly pear Orchid Orchid, bamboo Orchid, Bletilla
(Fig. 8.18B) Orchid, bucket Orchid bark, fern sources of Orchid
with cladophylls Orchid, showy Orchid, underground-owering Orchid,
vanilla Orchid Family Oregano Oregon grape
SCIENTIFIC NAMEToxicodendron diversilobum Quercus borealis
Quercus alba Boswellia spp. Olea europaea Allium cepa member of
Phylum Oomycota, Kingdom Fungi Cattleya spp., and many others19
Arundina graminifolia Bletilla sp. Coryanthes spp. Cibotium spp.,
Osmunda spp. Epidendrum spp. Orchis spp. Rhizanthella gardneri
Vanilla planifolia and others Orchidaceae Origanum vulgare and
others Berberis aquifolium (= Mahonia aquifolium) and other Mahonia
spp. Lemaireocereus spp. Maclura pomifera Oscillatoria spp. Yucca
whipplei Nyctea scandiaca Echeveria derenbergii Cocos nucifera
Phoenix dactylifera Elaeis guineensis Carludovica palmata Lodoicea
maldivica Copernicia cerifera Arecaceae (formerly Palmae)
COMMON NAMEPansy Papaya Par rubber tree Parsley Parsley Family
Parsnip Passion fruit Patchouli oil, source of Pea (garden) Pea,
sweet Peach Peach leaf curl Peanut Pear Peat moss Pecan Peccary
Penicillin mold20 Pennyroyal Peony Peperomia Pepper Pepper, black
Pepper, red
SCIENTIFIC NAMEViola tricolor Carica papaya Hevea brasiliensis
Petroselinum crispum Apiaceae (formerly Umbelliferae) Pastinaca
sativa Passiora edulis, P. mollissima, and other Passiora spp.
Pogostemon cablin and others Pisum sativum Lathyrus odoratus Prunus
persica Taphrina deformans Arachis hypogaea Pyrus communis Sphagnum
spp. Carya illinoensis Pecari angulatus, Tayassus pecari
Penicillium spp.20 Hedeoma pulegioides Paeonia spp. Peperomia spp.
Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens21 Piper nigrum Capsicum annuum, C.
baccatum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. pubescens Lepidium spp.
Mentha piperita Diospyros spp. Citrus aurantium var. amara Petunia
spp. and hybrids Lophophora williamsii Sayornis phoebe
Organpipe cactus Osage orange Oscillatoria Our Lords Candle Owl,
snowy Painted lady Palm, coconut Palm, date Palm, oil Palm, panama
hat Palm, Seychelles Island Palm, carnauba wax Palm Family
Peppergrass Peppermint Persimmon Petitgrain oil, source of
Petunia Peyote Phoebe
19. Depending on which authorities are followed, the number of
known orchid species (all in the family Orchidaceae) may exceed
30,000. Popularly cultivated orchids include species of Cattleya,
Cymbidium, Dendrobium, Odontoglossum, Oncidium, Paphiopedilum,
Phalaenopsis, Vanda, and both interspecic and intergeneric hybrids.
20. The original producer of penicillin discovered by Sir Alexander
Fleming was Penicillium notatum; current commercially used
producers of penicillin are strains of Penicillium chrysogenum.
Other commercially cultivated Penicillium species include P.
roquefortii (used to make roquefort cheese), P. camembertii (used
to make blue cheese), and P. griseofulvum (used for the production
of a ringworm and athletes foot antibiotic known as griseofulvin).
21. The drug capsicum, whose active ingredient is the oleoresin
capsaicin, is derived from these species, and garden peppers
include these and other species of Capsicum.
SternJanskyBidlack: Introductory Plant Biology, Ninth
Edition
Appendices
1. Scientific Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
The McGrawHill Companies, 2003
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Appendix 1
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON
NAMEPigweed22 Pigweed Family22 Pillbug Pine Pine, Afghanistan Pine,
Aleppo Pine, bristlecone Pine, Chilghoza Pine, Colorado bristlecone
Pine, Coulter Pine, eastern white Pine, European stone Pine, gray
(formerly Pine, digger) Pine, jack Pine, jeffrey Pine, kauri Pine,
knobcone Pine, loblolly Pine, lodgepole Pine, longleaf Pine, Merkus
Pine, Mexican pinyon Pine, Mexican stone Pine, Monterey Pine,
pinyon
SCIENTIFIC NAMEAmaranthus spp., Chenopodium spp. Amaranthaceae,
Chenopodiaceae Cylisticus convexus and others Pinus spp. Pinus
eldarica Pinus halepensis Pinus longaeva Pinus gerardiana Pinus
aristata Pinus coulteri Pinus strobus Pinus pinea
COMMON NAMEPine, sugar Pine, western white Pine, western yellow
Pine, Wollemi Pineapple Pinedrops Pistachio Pitcher plant Pitcher
plant, Asian Plantain
SCIENTIFIC NAMEPinus lambertiana Pinus monticola Pinus ponderosa
Wollemia nobilis Ananas comosus Pterospora spp. Pistacia vera
Sarracenia spp. and others Nepenthes spp. and others Plantago spp.
(cooking bananas, also called plantains, are mostly Musa x
paradisiaca) Aspergillus terreus Euphorbia agascae Charadrius spp.
and others Prunus domestica23 Podocarpus dacrydoides, P. totara
Podocarpus macrophylla, P. nagi, and others Euphorbia pulcherrima
Toxicodendron radicans Toxicodendron diversilobum Toxicodendron
vernix Primula polyanthus and hybrids Punica granatum Lepidium
virginicum Zea mays (horticultural variety) Populus spp. Papaver
spp. and others Papaveraceae Dendromecon rigida Hunnemannia spp.
Papaver somniferum Papaver orientale Argemone glauca Erethizon
spp., Hystrix spp.24
Pinus sabiniana Pinus banksiana Pinus jeffreyi Agathis
australis, A. robusta Pinus attenuata Pinus taeda Pinus contorta
Pinus palustris Pinus merkusii Pinus cembroides Pinus cembroides
Pinus radiata Pinus edulis, P. monophylla, P. quadrifolia Pine,
pitch Pinus rigida Pine, ponderosa Pinus ponderosa Pine, red Pinus
resinosa Pine, Scotch Pinus sylvestris Pine, shortleaf Pinus
echinata Pine, Siberian white Pinus sibirica Pine, slash Pinus
caribaea, P. elliottii Pine, southern yellowsee Pine, loblolly,
Pine, longleaf, Pine, shortleaf, and Pine, slash Pine, stonesee
Pine, European stone, and Pine, Mexican stone
Plastic, fungus used in production of Plasticizers, source of
oil for Plover Plum, European23 Podocarps, New Zealand timber
Podocarps, ornamental Poinsettia Poison ivy Poison oak Poison sumac
Polyanthus Pomegranate Poor mans pepper Popcorn Poplar Poppy (see
also California poppy) Poppy Family Poppy, bush Poppy, Mexican
Poppy, opium Poppy, Oriental Poppy, prickly (Fig. 24.5)
Porcupine
22. Species of Amaranthus in the Amaranth family (Amaranthaceae)
and Chenopodium in the Goosefoot family (Chenopodiaceae) have been
called pigweeds, and both families have also been referred to as
the Pigweed family. Because of this many botanists prefer to refer
to the Amaranthaceae as the Amaranth family and the Chenopodiaceae
as the Goosefoot family. Most Amaranthus spp. are called amaranths
and most Chenopodium spp. are called goosefoot, although the
widespread weed Chenopodium album is popularly called lambs
quarters. Pigs weed (Oryza sp.) is completely unrelated to either
of the two families just mentioned; it is a grass related to rice.
23. Although the European plum was involved in the development of
the majority of older plum varieties more than 600 varieties of
plum have been developed from American plums such as Prunus
subcordata and P. americana, along with various hybrids involving
at least one American parent. 24. Hystrix is also a name for a
genus of grasses.
SternJanskyBidlack: Introductory Plant Biology, Ninth
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Appendices
1. Scientific Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
The McGrawHill Companies, 2003
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537
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON
NAMEPortulaca Family Potato, Irish Potato, sweet Potato vine
Powderpuff ower (Fig. 24.11C) Powdery mildew Prayer plant Preferns
Prickly pear Primrose Pronghorn Psyllium Ptarmigan Pteridosperms
Puffball Pulque, source of Pumpkin Pumpkin Family Puncture vine
Purple laver (Fig. 18.28) Puya (rare) Pyrethrum
SCIENTIFIC NAMEPortulacaceae S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum lpomea
batatas Solanum jasminoides Calliandra inaequilatera Erysiphe spp.
and others Maranta spp. Cladoxylon spp., Protopteridium spp. and
others Opuntia spp. Primula vulgaris and about 400 other Primula
spp. Antilocarpa americana Plantago ovata Lagopus spp. Lyginopteris
spp., Medullosa spp., and others Calvatia cyathiformis and other
Calvatia spp., Lycoperdon spp. Agave spp. Cucurbita pepo
Cucurbitaceae Tribulus terrestris Porphyra tenera Puya raimondii
Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium, C. coccineum, C. marschallii Isoetes
spp. Cinchona ledgeriana and other Cinchona spp. Cydonia oblonga
Cinchona ofcinalis, C. ledgeriana Chenopodium quinoa Oryctolagus
cuniculus Sylvilagus spp. Lepus spp. Procyon lotor Raphanus sativus
Rafesia micropylora
COMMON NAMERagweed Rape/rapeseed Raspberry, red Rat Rat,
kangaroo Rat snake, black Rattlesnake Red algae
SCIENTIFIC NAMEAmbrosia spp. Brassica napus Rubus idaeus, R.
strigosus, and their hybrids Rattus norvegicus, R. rattus, and
others Dipodomys spp. Elaphe obsoleta Crotalus spp. Member of
Phylum Rhodophyta, Kingdom Protista; representative genera include
Chondrus, Eucheuma, Gelidium, Gigartina, Gracilaria, Polysiphonia,
Porphyra, and Pterocladia; there are about 3,900 spp. of red algae
Cercis canadensis Cercis occidentalis Sequoia sempervirens
Metasequoia glyptostroboides Sequoiadendron giganteum Rangifer spp.
Rauvola serpentina Selaginella lepidophylla Rhododendron spp. Rheum
rhaponticum Oryza sativa25 Tetrapanax papyriferus (some authors
refer to Fatsia japonica [F. papyrifera] as rice-paper plant
Zizania aquatica Turdus migratorius Arabis sp. Helianthemum vulgare
Umbilicaria spp. Fucus spp., Pelvetia spp., and others Rosa odorata
and other Rosa spp. (there are more than 25,000 rose cultvars) Rosa
damascena Rosaceae Rosa rugosa
Redbud, eastern Redbud, western Redwood, coastal Redwood, dawn
Redwood, giant Reindeer Reserpine, source of Resurrection plant
Rhododendron Rhubarb Rice25 Rice-paper plant
Quillwort Quillwort, fossil relatives of Quince Quinine, source
of Quinoa Rabbit Rabbit, cottontail Rabbit, jack Raccoon Radish
Rafesia (Fig. 8.2)
Rice, wild Robin Rock cress Rock-rose, European Rock tripe
Rockweeds Rose
Rose, damask Rose Family Rose, Sitka (Fig. 24.8)
25. At the beginning of the year 2000, the International Rice
Research Institute in the Philippines had in storage the seeds of
20 species and more than 81,000 different varieties of rice. The
staple food of nearly 2 billion people, rice cultivation presently
occupies 11% of agricultural land. Rice has been cultivated in
Asian countries for more than 7,000 years. Although the great
majority of rice cultivated is Oryza sativa, some forms of Oryza
glaberrima are also cultivated.
SternJanskyBidlack: Introductory Plant Biology, Ninth
Edition
Appendices
1. Scientific Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
The McGrawHill Companies, 2003
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Appendix 1
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON
NAMERosemary Rotenone, source of Rotenone, relative of Rubber, Par
Rubber plant Ruellia Rust, apple Rust, black stem of wheat Rust,
corn Rust, poplar leaf spot Rust, rock cress Rust, white pine
blister Rutabaga Rye Ryegrass Safower Saffron (true) Saffron,
meadow Sage26 Sagebrush Sage, Jerusalem Saguaro Salmon Salmonberry
Salsify Saltbush/Saltscale Salvia Sansevieria Santonin, source of
Sargassum (Fig. 18.18) Sarsaparilla, source of Sassafras Sausage
tree, African Savory Saxifrage Screw pine Sea anemone
SCIENTIFIC NAMERosmarinus ofcinalis Derris elliptica,
Lonchocarpus nicou Tephrosia vogelii Hevea brasiliensis Ficus
elastica Ruellia portellae and others Gymnosporangium
juniperivirginianum Puccinia graminis Puccinia sorghi Melampsora
medusae Puccinia monoica Cronartium ribicola Brassica campestris
var. napobrassica (= Brassica napus) Secale cereale Lolium spp.
Carthamus tinctorius Crocus sativus Colchicum autumnale Salvia
ofcinalis26 Artemisia tridentata Phlomis fruticosa Carnegia
gigantea Oncorhynchus spp., Salmo salar, and others Rubus
spectabilis Tragopogon spp. Atriplex spp. Salvia spp. Sansevieria
trifasciata and other Sansevieria spp. Artemisia cina Sargassum sp.
Smilax spp. Sassafras albidum Kigelia pinnata Satureia hortensis
Saxifraga spp. Pandanus veitchii and other Pandanus spp.
Stephanauge spp. and others
COMMON NAMESea hare Sea lettuce Sea palm Sea rocket Sedge Seed
ferns (Pteridosperms)
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Aplysia californica Ulva spp. Postelsia palmaeformis Cakile
edentula Carex spp. and others Lyginopteris spp., Medullosa spp.,
and others Senna Cassia senna and others Sensitive plant Mimosa
pudica Sesame Sesamum indicum Shallot27 Allium cepa27 Sheep Ovis
spp. Shepherds purse Capsella bursa-pastoris Shrimp Crago spp. and
others Sisal Agave sisalina Skunk Mephitis spp. Slime mold member
of Phyla Myxomycota and Acrasiomycota, Subkingdom Myxobionta,
Kingdom Protista Slime mold (Fig. 18.31A) Lamproderma sp. Slime
mold (Fig. 18.31B) Lycogala epidendrum Slime mold, cellular member
of Phylum Acrasiomycota, Kingdom Protista Slime mold, human-hair
Stemonitis spp. Sloth Bradypus spp., Choleopus spp. Smut Ustilago
spp. and others Smut, corn Ustilago maydis Snail Haplotrema concava
and others Snapdragon Antirrhinum majus Snowplant Sarcodes
sanguinea Snowy owl Nyctea scandiaca Soaproot, California
Chlorogalum pomeridianum Sorghum Sorghum bicolor and other Sorghum
spp. Sorrel Oxalis spp. Southern yellow pinesee Pine, loblolly,
Pine, longleaf, Pine, shortleaf, and Pine, slash Soybean Glycine
max Spanish moss Tillandsia usneoides Sparrow, savannah Passerculus
sandwichensis
26. This sage, which is in the Mint Family (Lamiaceae), should
not be confused with sagebrush, which is in the Sunower Family
(Asteraceae). 27. Linnaeus applied the name Allium ascalonicum to
what was probably an Allium cultigen believed to have originated in
Asia Minor, and the name Allium ascalonium since has generally been
applied to shallots. Shallots seldom set seed, however, and seeds
sold under the name Allium ascalonicum have sometimes proved to be
those of other Allium spp. The current practice of considering
shallots to be a form of Allium cepa should lessen the
confusion.
SternJanskyBidlack: Introductory Plant Biology, Ninth
Edition
Appendices
1. Scientific Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
The McGrawHill Companies, 2003
Scientic Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
539
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON
NAMESparrow, song Sparrow, vesper Spearmint Spiderwort Spiderwort,
European Spike moss Spike moss, fossil relatives of Spinach
Spirogyra Sponge Sponge, vegetable Spring beauty Spruce, black
Spruce, Norway Spruce, red Spruce, Sitka Spruce, white Spurge
Spurge (Fig. 24.13) Spurge Family Squash Squawroot Squill Squills
Squirrel Squirrel corn Squirrel, gray Squirting cucumber Stapelia
(Fig. 23.14) Stinkhorn Stinkhorn, common (Fig. 19.12) Stonecrop
Stoneseed Stonewort Strawberry String-of-pearls
SCIENTIFIC NAMEMelospiza melodia Pooecetes gramineus Mentha
spicata Tradescantia virginiana and other Tradescantia spp.
Tradescantia paludosa Selaginella spp. Lepidodendron spp.,
Sigillaria spp., and others Spinacia oleracea Spirogyra spp.
Spongilla spp. and others Luffa cylindrica Claytonia virginica
Picea mariana Picea abies Picea rubens Picea sitchensis Picea
glauca Euphorbia spp. Euphorbia peplus Euphorbiaceae Cucurbita
maxima, C. mixta, C. moschata, C. pepo, and others Perideridia spp.
Scilla spp. Urginea maritima Citellus spp., Sciuris spp., and
others Dicentra canadensis Sciurus carolinensis Ecballium elaterium
Stapelia similis Mutinus spp., Phallus impudicus, and others
Mutinus caninus Sedum spp., Crassula spp., and others Lithospermum
ruderale Chara spp., Nitella spp. Fragaria ananassa and other
Fragaria spp. and hybrids Senecio rowellianus
COMMON NAMEStrychnine, source of Sugar cane Sumac Sunbird Sundew
Sundew relative used for ypaper Sunower Sunower Family
SCIENTIFIC NAMEStrychnos nox-vomica and other Strychnos spp.
Saccharum ofcinarum Rhus spp. Anthodiaeta spp., Notiocinnyris spp.,
and others Drosera spp.
Drosophyllum lusitanicum Helianthus annuus, H. debilis
Asteraceae (formerly Compositae) Sweet pea Lathyrus odoratus Sword
fern Polystichum munitum Sycamore Platanus occidentalis and others
Tamarack Larix spp. Tamarisk Tamarix spp. Tangerine Citrus
reticulata Tapir Tapirus spp. Taro Colocasia esculenta Tarragon
Artemisia dracunculus Tarweed Grindelia spp. Tarweed, western (Fig.
4.13A) Calycadenia sp. Tea Camellia sinensis Tent caterpillar
Malacosoma americanum and others Teosinte (annual) Zea mexicana
Teosinte (perennial) Zea diploperennis Tequila, source of Agave
spp. Termite Odontotermes spp., Reticulitermes spp., and others
Thalloid liverworts Marchantia spp., Conocephalum spp., and others
Thimbleberry Rubus parviorus Thistle Cirsium spp. and others
Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense Thrasher Toxostoma spp. Thyme
Thymus vulgaris and others Ti (Ki) plant Cordyline fruticosa Tiger
Panthera tigris Toad Bufo americanus Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum, N.
rustica Tomato28 Solanum esculentum Tomato fruitworm Heliothis
armigera
28. DNA evidence indicates the tomato, long known as
Lycopersicum esculentum, belongs in the genus Solanum and should be
transferred to that genus, making the correct name Solanum
esculentum.
SternJanskyBidlack: Introductory Plant Biology, Ninth
Edition
Appendices
1. Scientific Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
The McGrawHill Companies, 2003
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Appendix 1
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON NAMETomato,
Galpagos
SCIENTIFIC NAMESolanum esculentum var. minor, S.
pimpinellifolium, S. cheesmanii (salt tolerant sp.) Protoparce
quinquemaculata Dentaria spp. Testudo elephantopus porteri
Impatiens glandulifera and others Cibotium glaucum Sadleria
cyatheoides Ailanthus altissima Trillium spp. Tuber spp. Tulipa
spp. Liriodendron tulipifera Amaranthus albus, Salsola pestifera,
and others Aleurites fordii Curcuma longa, C. domestica Brassica
rapa Chelydra spp., Chrysemys spp., and others Linnaea borealis
Ulothrix spp. Rudbeckia sp. Proboscidea spp. Dionaea muscipula
Vicia spp. Lathyrus aphaca Trichostema spp. Viola odorata and other
Viola spp. Saintpaulia ionantha and other Saintpaulia spp. Viola
douglasii Parthenocissus quinquefolia
COMMON NAMEVirus29 Vole Wahoo Wake-robin Wallower, western
Walnut Walnut, black Warbler Watercress Water fern, oriental
Watermelon Water mold
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Tomato hornworm Toothwort Tortoise, giant Galpagos Touch-me-not
Tree fern (Fig. 21.25B) Tree fern, small Hawaiian (Fig. 21.16D)
Tree-of-heaven Trillium Trufes Tulip Tulip tree Tumbleweeds Tung
oil, source of Turmeric, source of Turnip Turtle Twinower Ulothrix
Ultraviolet light, owers seen in (Fig. 23.13) Unicorn plant Venuss
ytrap Vetch Vetchling, yellow Vinegar weed Violet Violet, African
Violet, gold Virginia creeper
Water net Watersilk Water weed Water weed, yellow Wattle Weaver
birds Webworm, fall Welwitschia Whale, sperm Wheat30 Wheel tree
Whisk fern Whisk fern, fossil relatives of Whisk fern, living
relatives of White pine blister rust Willow Willow Family Window
leaves, plants with Wintergreen oil, sources of
Microtus spp. and others Euonymus alata and others Trillium spp.
Erysimum capitatum Juglans spp. Juglans nigra Dendroica spp. and
others Nasturtium ofcinale Ceratopteris thalictroides Citrullus
lanatus member of Phylum Oomycota, Subkingdom Mastigobionta,
Kingdom Protista Hydrodictyon spp. Spirogyra spp. Elodea spp.
Ludwigia repens Acacia decurrens, A. mearnsii, and others
Anaplectes spp., Hyphantoris spp., and others Hyphantria cunea
Welwitschia mirabilis Physeter catodon Trochodendron aralioides
Psilotum spp. Asteroxylon spp., Psilophyton spp., Rhynia spp., and
others Tmesipteris spp. Cronartium ribicola Salix spp. Salicaceae
Fenestraria spp. and others Gaultheria procumbens and others
29. Depending on the classication used, viruses may not have a
scientic name. Many are named after the disease they cause; e.g.,
tobacco mosaic virus causes tobacco mosaic disease. One
classication attempts to give them at least a Latin prex, so that
the virus for warts is Papavovirus; for smallpox, Poxvirus; for
polio, Picornavirus; for measles and mumps, Paramyxovirus. 30. More
than 20,000 varieties of cultivated bread wheat, which has a
history dating back thousands of years, are presently recognized.
The ancestry and cytology are complex and still not fully
understood. The principal ancestors appear to have been Triticum
monococcum (which, after mutant forms were incorporated, became
known as einkorn wheat) and species of Aegilops, especially A.
speltoides, with several other mutations and natural hybridizations
having occurred throughout the past several thousand years. Emmer
wheat has been recognized as Triticum dicoccom or T. turgidum var.
dicoccum; durum wheat as T. durum or T. turgidum var. durum; Polish
wheat (also known as Jerusalem rye) as T. polonicum; and common
bread wheat as T. aestivum (which is believed to be have been
derived from T. turgidum and a genome from Aegilops tauschii).
Other taxa believed to have played a role in the development of
cultivated wheat include T. longissima and T. searsii. Uncertainty
as to the precise evolutionary history of wheat persists, however,
and awaits further investigation.
SternJanskyBidlack: Introductory Plant Biology, Ninth
Edition
Appendices
1. Scientific Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
The McGrawHill Companies, 2003
Common Names and Scientific Names of OrganismsCOMMON
NAMEWisteria Witch hazel Woad, dyers Woadwaxen Wolfsbane Wolverine
Woodpecker Wormwood Yam
SCIENTIFIC NAMEWisteria sinensis and other Wisteria spp.
Hamamelis virginiana Isatis tinctoria Genista tinctoria Aconitum
vulparia Gulo luscus, G. gulo Dendrocopus spp. and others Artemisia
annua, A. absinthium Dioscorea alata, D. cayensis, D. composita, D.
esculenta, D. oribunda, D. rotundata, D. trida
COMMON NAMEYareta Yarrow, American Yarrow, European Yeast,
baking/brewing Yellow-green algae
SCIENTIFIC NAMEAzorella yareta Achillea lanulosum Achillea
millefolium Saccharomyces cerevisiae member of Phylum Chromophyta,
Kingdom Protista Taxus spp. Taxus cuspidata Equus zebra and others
Zinnia elegans and others
Yew Yew, Japanese (Fig. 22.9) Zebra Zinnia