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Scientific Knowledge from Geospatial Observations
IGARSS 2015 Session: Why Data Matters: Value of Stewardship and Knowledge Augmentation Services
George Percivall, Dr. Ingo Simonis, Dr. Terry IdolThe Open Geospatial Consortium
• Adapted from “A Theory of Computer Semiotics”, Peter Andersen, Cambridge Press, 1997• Definitions for data and info: ANSI Dictionary of Information Technology, www.ncits.org• Definition for knowledge inspired by I. Kant
Creating Knowledge from Images
A representation subject to interpretation
From ISO/TS 19101-2 Geographic information - Reference model - Part 2: Imagery
• Adapted from “A Theory of Computer Semiotics”, Peter Andersen, Cambridge Press, 1997• Definitions for data and info: ANSI Dictionary of Information Technology, www.ncits.org• Definition for knowledge inspired by I. Kant
Creating Knowledge from Images
Representation is described
A representation subject to interpretation
From ISO/TS 19101-2 Geographic information - Reference model - Part 2: Imagery
• Adapted from “A Theory of Computer Semiotics”, Peter Andersen, Cambridge Press, 1997• Definitions for data and info: ANSI Dictionary of Information Technology, www.ncits.org• Definition for knowledge inspired by I. Kant
Creating Knowledge from Images
Data with meaning assigned
A representation subject to interpretation
From ISO/TS 19101-2 Geographic information - Reference model - Part 2: Imagery
• Adapted from “A Theory of Computer Semiotics”, Peter Andersen, Cambridge Press, 1997• Definitions for data and info: ANSI Dictionary of Information Technology, www.ncits.org• Definition for knowledge inspired by I. Kant
Creating Knowledge from Images
Testing hypotheses with information
Data with meaning assigned
A representation subject to interpretation
From ISO/TS 19101-2 Geographic information - Reference model - Part 2: Imagery
• Adapted from “A Theory of Computer Semiotics”, Peter Andersen, Cambridge Press, 1997• Definitions for data and info: ANSI Dictionary of Information Technology, www.ncits.org• Definition for knowledge inspired by I. Kant
Creating Knowledge from Images
Data with meaning assigned
Synthesis of theory and information
A representation subject to interpretation
From ISO/TS 19101-2 Geographic information - Reference model - Part 2: Imagery
• Adapted from “A Theory of Computer Semiotics”, Peter Andersen, Cambridge Press, 1997• Definitions for data and info: ANSI Dictionary of Information Technology, www.ncits.org• Definition for knowledge inspired by I. Kant
Creating Knowledge from Images
Data with meaning assigned
Synthesis of theory and information
Goals of multiple stakeholders
A representation subject to interpretation
From ISO/TS 19101-2 Geographic information - Reference model - Part 2: Imagery
• Adapted from “A Theory of Computer Semiotics”, Peter Andersen, Cambridge Press, 1997• Definitions for data and info: ANSI Dictionary of Information Technology, www.ncits.org• Definition for knowledge inspired by I. Kant
Creating Knowledge from Images
Data with meaning assigned
Synthesis of theory and information
Pragmatic application of knowledge
A representation subject to interpretation
From ISO/TS 19101-2 Geographic information - Reference model - Part 2: Imagery
EC: Practical standards guide for researchers - en
OGC®
What is a Standard?
• “An agreed way of doing something”
• Standards are distilled wisdom of people with expertise in their subject matter and who know the needs of the organizations they represent – people such as manufacturers, sellers, buyers, customers, trade associations, users or regulators.
• Standards are knowledge. They are powerful tools that can help drive innovation and increase productivity. They can make organizations more successful and people’s everyday lives easier, safer and healthier.
Knowledge Objects need to be conceptually modeled and implemented
• “Decision” and “Hypothesis” as 1st class objects– UML Model of the concepts and linked data relationships– Ontology for Types of decisions and hypothesis– Encodings of conceptual models– Templates for Decisions and Hypothesis
• Recommender systems - a guess at the riddle– If I see “these conditions” then consider this “decision template”– If I am researching “these topics” then consider this “hypothesis”
• “Geodata fusion” Proceedings SPIE Geospatial InfoFusion III, 87470A (23 May 2013); doi: 10.1117/12.2016226
• Standards underlie the scientific integrity of geospatial knowledge systems
• Open standards are essential to open science – Basis to converge empirical and conceptual for science progress– Standards progress must have a scientific framework
“Accidental observations made according to no plan, cannot be united under necessary law”