Text optional: Institutsname Prof. Dr. Hans Mustermann www.fzd.de Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Prof. Dr. Thomas Cowan | Institut für Strahlenphysik | http://www.hzdr.de Scientific Case for Ultra-intense Laser-Matter Interaction Physics in Solid-density Plasma
28
Embed
Scientific Case for Ultra-intense Laser-Matter Interaction Physics in Solid-density Plasma
Scientific Case for Ultra-intense Laser-Matter Interaction Physics in Solid-density Plasma. Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL: Scientific Motivation. Unique science enabled by combining European XFEL with ultra-intense lasers - strong field QED, e.g., vacuum birefringence - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Text optional: Institutsname Prof. Dr. Hans Mustermann www.fzd.de Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Prof. Dr. Thomas Cowan | Institut für Strahlenphysik | http://www.hzdr.de
Scientific Case for Ultra-intense Laser-Matter Interaction Physics in Solid-
density Plasma
Seite 2Prof. Dr. Thomas Cowan | Institut für Strahlenphysik | http://www.hzdr.de
Workshop on PW-Lasers at XFEL, 5-9.09.11, Dresden
Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL: Scientific Motivation• Unique science enabled by combining European XFEL with ultra-intense lasers
- strong field QED, e.g., vacuum birefringence
• Highest quality x-ray probing of laser-driven experiments - isochorically heated matter (laser-ions, self- & externally-magnetized targets, interface collisional heating, laser-ablation-driven shocks)- ion induced damage in materials- time-resolved spectroscopy of excited-state chemical pathways- extreme fields & currents in ultra-intense laser-matter interaction- high pressure phenomena in laser-driven shocks- multi-view tomography, multi-frame imaging spectroscopy
• Add laser-based multi-species probing to XFEL experiments - proton radiography, fs-electron diffraction, hard bremsstrahlung,…
• Spin-offs- e.g., high-field X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism with small pulsed magnets- single-shot implementation of conventional synchrotron techniques
Seite 3Prof. Dr. Thomas Cowan | Institut für Strahlenphysik | http://www.hzdr.de
Workshop on PW-Lasers at XFEL, 5-9.09.11, Dresden
Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL: Scientific Motivationns-pulse, kJ-class, ramped compression laser
create strongly-correlated matter at extreme pressure
Fundamental Goal: • precision & systematic study of P > 5 Mb cold matter
Why Euro XFEL:• XFEL pulse-train-based synchronization to ~10 fs • not planned elsewhere at 100+ TW level
Seite 5Prof. Dr. Thomas Cowan | Institut für Strahlenphysik | http://www.hzdr.de
Workshop on PW-Lasers at XFEL, 5-9.09.11, Dresden
Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL: Scientific Motivationultra-intense short-pulse PW-class (>100 TW) laser
hot-dense matter, and WDM generation probing of XFEL-driven WDM initiate dynamic processes & non-equilibrium conditions
Scientific Applications: • fundamental physics in P-T- regimes accessed by isochoric heating• WDM & HED plasmas in strong B fields• fundamental study of dynamic & non-equilibrium phenomena in solid
Goal: Predictive understanding of ultra-intense laser-matter interaction
control & improvement of laser-ion acceleration, compact radiation sources for application in research, medicine & industry(e.g., better backlighters, ion sources, ultrafast probing…)
Seite 6Prof. Dr. Thomas Cowan | Institut für Strahlenphysik | http://www.hzdr.de
Workshop on PW-Lasers at XFEL, 5-9.09.11, Dresden
Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL: Scientific Motivationultra-intense short-pulse PW-class (>100 TW) laser (II)
initiate radiation-induced processes in materials, bio, chemical systems
Fundamental Goal: • access the dynamics of particle-induced damage in materials• study fundamental atomic-level “jump” processes in materials• systematic study of chemical & biophysical processes initiated by radation
Seite 9Prof. Dr. Thomas Cowan | Institut für Strahlenphysik | http://www.hzdr.de
Workshop on PW-Lasers at XFEL, 5-9.09.11, Dresden
Short-pulse laser heating can access extreme states of matter
Confinement to increase Tion, ne+; and to probe EOS- inertial (e.g., large target heated with ion beam)- electrostatic (e.g, sheath fields)- magnetic (external, or self-generated)
Relativistic positron-electron
"plasma"
Hot coronal plasma (collisionless)
Isochoric heating (at depth)- resistive return current- electron cascade (hot warm ions)- electrostatic ion shock- secondary beam
Seite 10Prof. Dr. Thomas Cowan | Institut für Strahlenphysik | http://www.hzdr.de
Workshop on PW-Lasers at XFEL, 5-9.09.11, DresdenH. Yoneda, 2008 WDM Winter School
Seite 11Prof. Dr. Thomas Cowan | Institut für Strahlenphysik | http://www.hzdr.de
Workshop on PW-Lasers at XFEL, 5-9.09.11, Dresden
1013 A/cm2, > 1000 T, 1013 V/m, ~keV solid density
Extreme Ex
Electron transport & strong fields in laser-driven targets
Extreme current densities, magnetized current filaments, and strong quasi-static magnetic fields in ultra-intense laser-matter interactions
Current filamentation
Quasistatic 5000 T fields in shaped targets, electron transport inhibition, enhanced heating
with D. Thorn, T. Stoehlker (HI-Jena, GSI), M. Harmond, S. Toleikis (DESY)
Electron transport & ionization dynamics
Seite 21Prof. Dr. Thomas Cowan | Institut für Strahlenphysik | http://www.hzdr.de
Workshop on PW-Lasers at XFEL, 5-9.09.11, Dresden
Streaked optical emission
7400 7600 7800 8000 82000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
B-like
Mg-like
F-like
Be-like
In
tens
ity (a
.u.)
Energy in 5th Order Diffraction (eV)
L-Shell (1st order), Kß (6th order) O-like
Laser pulse
Electron Beam X-ray pulse
Laser-driven electron transport & ionization dynamics
1013 A/cm2 , 1013 V/m, >1000 T, ~keV solid density
Z=6ni=4•1022 1/cm3
ne=Z•ni
Ti(0) = 0Th(0)= 30keVTc(0)= 1keV/Z
I=2•1017W/cm2
Pulse length = 700fsTarget = 10mnh=10•1021 1/cm3
Collisions, electron diffusion by scattering, and radiative energy loss have now been included in simulation.
Ion temperatures of several 100 eV, at solid density (Z=6) for up to a few ps, may be possible with the “Tomcat”-Zebra coupling.
(Experiments at UNR begun in December 2005.)
(Y. Sentoku, A. Kemp, M. Bakeman et al.)
Seite 23Prof. Dr. Thomas Cowan | Institut für Strahlenphysik | http://www.hzdr.de
Workshop on PW-Lasers at XFEL, 5-9.09.11, Dresden
NEEC/NEET with Short Pulse LaserNuclear Excitation by Electron Capture with ultra-intense short-pulse lasers:
• 169Tm NEEC at Draco 150 TW laser @ HZDR (Jupiter @ LLNL?)• Isochoric heating to keV temperatures (Sentoku et al, PoP 14, 122701, 2007) • Streaked spectroscopy for 4 ns, 8.4 keV
A. Kritcher et al.,JINA Workshop, London
March 13, 2011
150 TWfew Hz
X-ray Streak
t
conicalHOPG
Au / 169Tm / Au target
atomic nuclear
ML
Seite 24Prof. Dr. Thomas Cowan | Institut für Strahlenphysik | http://www.hzdr.de
Workshop on PW-Lasers at XFEL, 5-9.09.11, Dresden
“Isochoric heating in heterogenous solid targets with ultrashort laser pulses,” Sentoku, Kemp, Presura, Bakeman and Cowan, Phys. Plasmas 14, 122701 (2007)
Au layers
169Tm layer
4 J, 25 fs< 10 Hz
• few keV• 10 g/cc• few ps
NEEC/NEET with Short Pulse Laser
Seite 25Prof. Dr. Thomas Cowan | Institut für Strahlenphysik | http://www.hzdr.de
Workshop on PW-Lasers at XFEL, 5-9.09.11, Dresden
NEEC/NEET with Short Pulse Laser
• Potential for 1st observation of NEEC• Short-pulse separates excitation from decay• Repetition rate for signal averaging & systematics• Resolve unknowns, e.g., Lifetime vs. Plasma Temperature
• High-rep-rate 150 TW laser “Draco” at HZDR• tamped targets – short-pulse isochoric heating• large collection Bragg spectrometer• Fast X-ray streak, few ps (R. Shepherd)• Slow X-ray streak, few 100 ps (R. Shepherd)
A Kritcher et al., JINA Workshop,
March 13, 2011, London
• kT ~ keV, ~ few ps, n ~ solid density, 10 m3
• Rate ~107 /s, Int. Conv. =263.5
N ~ (1012 nuclei)(107 s-1)(10-12 s)(1/~ 104 per shot
Signal: (~ few / shot) × (few shot / s)
150 TWfew Hz
X-ray Streak
t
conicalcrystal
Au / 169Tm / Au target
Seite 26Prof. Dr. Thomas Cowan | Institut für Strahlenphysik | http://www.hzdr.de
Workshop on PW-Lasers at XFEL, 5-9.09.11, Dresden
Detailed simulations of “shock” heating in CD2/Al/CD2: Lingen Huang, T. Kluge, M. Bussmann, et al.and planning for Callisto (LLNL) experiment: B. Ramakrishna, R. Shepherd et al.
NEEC/NEET with Short Pulse Laser
Longitudinal Electric Field Deuteron Density
1020 W/cm2 150 fs
Seite 27Prof. Dr. Thomas Cowan | Institut für Strahlenphysik | http://www.hzdr.de
Workshop on PW-Lasers at XFEL, 5-9.09.11, Dresden
Nuclear physics and Anti-matter creation with ultra-intense lasers
APS News 8, No. 3, March 1999
APS Centennial Meeting HighlightsAtlanta, March 1999
Relativistic laser-matter interactions open new vistas…
At I = 1021 W/cm2 :
• Eo ~ I1/2 = 1014 V/m
• Bo = Eo/c = 300.000 Tesla
Atoms are ionized and electrons accelerated to >20 MeV in half-cycle
3 J / 20 fs1020 W/cm2 e-
B > 1000 Tesla
sc ~ 10 MV
Rückstrom
Pre-formed plasma
Seite 28Prof. Dr. Thomas Cowan | Institut für Strahlenphysik | http://www.hzdr.de
Workshop on PW-Lasers at XFEL, 5-9.09.11, Dresden
plasma wavelength < pulse length
e-
(a0=5)
We shall consider gaseous and solid density targets