Science & Technology Department Science & Technology Department Embassy of the People’s Republic of China Embassy of the People’s Republic of China February 2007 February 2007 China’s S&T Policies & China’s S&T Policies & Collaboration with India Collaboration with India
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Science & Technology Department Embassy of the People ’ s Republic of China February 2007
China’s S&T Policies & Collaboration with India. Science & Technology Department Embassy of the People ’ s Republic of China February 2007. Basic Facts on China’s Science and Technology. China’s Economy in 2006. Gross Domestic Product (GDP): ¥ 20.94 trillion Yuan (RMB) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Science & Technology DepartmentScience & Technology Department
Embassy of the People’s Republic of ChinaEmbassy of the People’s Republic of China
February 2007February 2007
China’s S&T Policies &China’s S&T Policies &Collaboration with IndiaCollaboration with India
GDP Growth: Agriculture: 14% Industry: 52% Services: 34%
Fourth largest economy in the world
Shanghai, Guangzhou $10,000 GDP per capita
Large cities $4000-8000 GDP per capita
Many rural areas way below $1,000
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R&D Activities by Funding Resources
Total funding on R&D ¥ 300 billion RMB in 2006 ($ 38 billion dollars)
R&D input against GDP:1995 0.6%2000 1.0%2005 1.3%2020 2.5%
1991 ~ 2004 Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D
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Central & local governmentS&T appropriation
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GERD in selected countries
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R&D expenditure in countries by type of activity
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In 2004 S&T papers of selected countries catalogued by SCI, EI and ISTP
Country
SCI, ISTP & EI
Papers % Rankings
World Total 1,760,620 100.00
USA 520,297 29.55 1
Japan 138,995 7.89 2
UK 134,685 7.65 3
Germany 123,369 7.01 4
China 111,356 6.32 5
France 82,981 4.71 6
Italy 67,790 3.85 7
Russia 40,369 2.29 11
India 34,348 1.95 14
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Patent applications filed and granted by SIPO
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S&T human resources
1998 755.2
1999 821.7
2000 922.1
2001 956.5
2002 1035.1
2003 1094.8
2004 1200.0
S&T professionals (in 1000 full time equivalents)
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Science Diplomats from China About 130 in total of 45 countries A dual administration: dispatched by MOST,
managed by MOFA S&T sections with 6-8 persons:
Washington DC, London, Paris, Berlin, Brussels, Moscow, Tokyo
With 3-4 persons:Rome, NY, SF, Huston, Delhi, Stockholm, Ottawa, Canberra…
With 2 persons:LA, Chicago, Seoul, Tel Aviv, Pretoria, Cairo, Prague…
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Challenges and Opportunities
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GDP增长率的国际比较
0. 00%
2. 00%
4. 00%
6. 00%
8. 00%
10. 00%
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
年份GDP中国 增长率 GDP全球 增长率GDP发展中国家 增长率 GDP发达国家 增长率
GDP Growth Rate: China vs. Other Countries
China
Developing
World Average
Developed
China
Developing countries
World average
Developed countries
Can China sustain for further 20 years high growing?
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China’s success in the past 20 years largely by:
Relatively low cost labour forces
Abundant domestic market Extensive resources input Assimilation of technology High saving rate (~50%)
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S&T Section Chinese EmbassyS&T Section Chinese Embassy
Quadruple Economic Growth
Annual rate
7.2%
2000 2020
¥ 40 tnGDP
¥ 10 tn
per capita GDP energy consumption reduces 4% each year
main pollutants cut 40% by 2020
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Domestic Oil supply and demand
Domestic Production
Total Consumption
200
100
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Year
150
Annual Export
Annual Import
By 2005 importing oil over 120 million tons
19931993
Million Tons
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NATIONAL ROLES : POLICY AND CATALYTIC PROGRAMS 1982 1986 1988 Key Technology SPARK 863 TORCH 973 R&D Program PROGRAM PROGRAM PROGHRAM PROGRAM
BASIC R&D
High Technology
1982 1986 1988 1997
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Major Achievements on S&T Development (1)
Fourth country in the world with technology on launching multiple satellites in single rocket carrier
Third country in the world to launch manned space-craft
Earth observation
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Major Achievements on S&T Development (2)
Optical fibers
3G standard TD-SCDMA
Next generation of Internet IPv6
Super hybrid rice and genetic modified anti-pest cotton
Vaccines for hepatitis B, bird flu
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Critical Problems and ChallengesCritical Problems and Challengesin China S&Tin China S&T
Capacity low on indigenous innovation Enterprises not yet as principal players on
innovative activity Quality instead of quantity: efficiency and high
value-added Mobilizing resources more effectively on a
whole society effort Maintaining a high quality of professionals at
national level Creating an atmosphere being critical on
scientific research and innovation
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Policy Change inChina Science and Technology
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Evolution of S&T Strategies and PoliciesEvolution of S&T Strategies and Policies
1980: Lean-upon and Face to: Economic development must lean upon advancement of S&T
S&T development must face to economic development
1986: Assimilation & Commercialization
1995: Rejuvenating China through Advancement of Science and Education
1996: Sustainable Development
2003: Talent Strategy
2006: Indigenous Innovation
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China Climbing the Technological Stairs
Creation
Improvement
Assimilation
Acquisition
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R&D
Design &Engineering
Technician & CraftSkills & Capabilities
Basic OperatorsSkills and Capabilities
(Material transformation)
ScienceDevelopmentand Creation
ScienceUse, Operation
and Maintenance
(Human talent levels)
Copy from Prof. Jon Sigurdson
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Becoming a Technological Power – Requirements
1. Absorbing foreign S&T knowledge and R&D results – Diffusion
2. Universities and education that embrace science and technology – Expansion
3. Abundant scientific manpower outside the ivory towers – Continued Reform
4. Ample and discretionary financial resources to support R&D – Expansion and Critical Review
5. Institutions and culture that promote science and technology – 2020 S&T Plan
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Guideline for China S&T in Next 15 Years
Indigenous Innovation
Frog-leaping in key areas
Underpinning development
Taking lead to the future
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Indigenous Innovation
Power of choice in guiding technology development
Enterprises as key player in linking universities and marketplace
Scientific research not just ends up with papers but with products in markets
Special policy package with 60 articles in favour of innovation released in 2006
Technology transfer, absorbing and assimilation
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Frog-leaping in Key Areas
Breakthroughs in key strategic areas that are vital to China’s economic & social development : High-techs in IT, bio-, nano-technologies and new
energies Special programmes: Moon landing, 150 seat aircrafts,
high-yield crop seeds… Role of government fits into socialist market economy
A funding agency, not THE funding agency Focused on a model of talent-project-base Creating a platform: labs, information sharing,
standards, collaborations Creating an environment for knowledge transfer Further promoting systematic reform
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Underpinning Development
Building a modern service industry via ICT, BPO…
Upgrading secondary industry to enhance efficiency, energy saving and environmentally friendly
Providing adequate and proved technologies to rural development
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Institutional innovation
Facilitate enterprises to become key participants in R&D and to play leading roles in innovation
Encourage close cooperation among business, academia, and research institutes
Reform the education system to make it more friendly to the growth of creative and inventive talents
Reform the S&T personnel management Accelerate the development of non-for profit
organization Reform government’s management system to
improve its efficiency and transparency
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Priority Programs (2006-2010) (1)
Core electronic device, high-end universal chips and basic software
Supper scale IC manufacturing equipment and technology
New generation of broad band wireless mobile communication system
High precision digital control lathe and manufacturing equipment
Large scale oil and natural gas field and CBM recovery technology
Pressurized water reactor and high temperature gas-cooled reactor power plant
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Priority Programs (2006-2010) (2)
Water pollution control
Gene transformation and new crop variety development
New drug development for major diseases
Control of major communicable disease e.g. AIDS and hepatitis
Large passenger aircraft
High definition earth observation system
Manned space flight and moon-landing
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S &T Collaboration with India
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Current China-India Cooperation Governmental Cooperation
• China-India Agreement for Science and Technology Cooperation signed in 1988
• Since 1988, twenty agreements / MOUs for S&T cooperation signed between governmental departments of the two countries
Enterprises Cooperation• Currently about 50 Chinese companies in India, working
on 150 projects. Huawei Technology has its largest overseas R&D base in Bangalore, more than 1200 staff
• Over 150 Indian companies in China, mostly S&T companies, on more than 1000 projects
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Future Direction for S&T Cooperation
Joint Steering Committee for China-India S&T Cooperation established during H.E. Mr. Kapal Sibal’s visit to China in 2006
Proposed Areas of Cooperation• Information technology• manufacturing technology• Meteorology and climate change• Biotechnology and nanotechnology
Joint Declaration signed during the state visit of the Chinese President H.E. Mr. Hu Jintao to India in November 2006
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Future Direction for S&T Cooperation
Both sides agree to launch joint projects in:• earthquake engineering• climate change and weather forecasting• nano-technology with focus on advanced materials• biotechnology and medicines with focus on bio-nano
Promote cooperation in civil nuclear energy through multilateral projects such as ITER
Strengthen cooperation in the use of space technologies in satellite remote sensing, satellite communications, satellite meteorology, disaster mitigation and satellite launch services