Science Project on Automobile Fuels

7/31/2019 Science Project on Automobile Fuels

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Science Project on Automobile Fuels

by VIKRANT KUMAR, Class X-B,

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Petrol Gasolineorpetrol(seeAmerican and British English differences) is

apetroleum-derivedliquidmixture which is primarily used as afuelininternal combustion engines. It is also used as a solvent, mainly knownfor its ability to dilutepaints.

It consists mostly ofaliphatichydrocarbonsobtained by thefractionaldistillationofpetroleum, enhanced withiso-octaneorthearomatichydrocarbonstolueneandbenzeneto increase itsoctanerating. Small quantities of various additives are common, for purposes suchas tuning engine performance or reducing harmful exhaustemissions.Some mixtures also contain significant quantities ofethanolas a partialalternative fuel

Most current or formerCommonwealth countriesuse the termpetrol,abbreviated frompetroleum spirit. In North America, the substance iscalledgasoline, a term often shortened incolloquialusagetogas(althoughpetrolis also accepted and used to a lesser extent inCanada). It is not a genuinelygaseousfuel (unlike, for example,liquefiedpetroleum gas, which is stored under pressure as a liquid, but returned to agaseous state before combustion). The termpet rogasolineis also used. TheJamaican spelling is gasolene.


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Diesel

in general is any liquid fuel used in diesel engines.The most common is a specific fractional distillate of

petroleum fuel oil, but alternatives that are not derived frompetroleum, such as biodiesel, biomas to liquid (BTL) or gas to

liquid (GTL) diesel, are increasingly being developed andadopted. To distinguish these types, petroleum-derived dieselis increasingly called . Ultra-low sulfurdiesel (ULSD) is a standard for defining diesel fuel withsubstantially lowered sulfur contents. As of 2007, almost

every diesel fuel available in America and Europe is theULSD type. In the UK, diesel is commonlyabbreviated , standing for Diesel Engined RoadVehicle (fuel).


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CNG Compressed Natural Gas

High pressure compressed natural gas, mainlycomposed of methane, that is used to fuel normalcombustion engines instead of gasoline. Combustionof methane produces the least amount of CO2 of all

fossil fuels. Gasoline cars can be retrofitted to CNGand become bifuel NGV Natural gas vehicles as thegasoline tank stays. You can switch between CNGand gasoline during operation. Natural gasvehicles (NGVs) are popular in regions or countries

where natural gas is abundant. Widespread use beganin the Po River Valley of Italy, and later became verypopular in New Zealand by the eighties, though itsuse has declined.


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Liquid nitrogen

Liquid nitrogen (LN2) is a method of storing energy. Energy is used toliquify air, and then LN2 is produced by evaporation, and distributed. LN2is exposed to ambient heat in the car and the resulting nitrogen gas can beused to power a piston or turbine engine. The maximum amount of energythat can be extracted from 1 kg of LN2 is 213 W-hr or 173 W-hr per liter,in which a maximum of 70 W-hr can be utilized with an isothermal

expansion process. Such a vehicle can achieve ranges similar to that ofgasoline with a 350 liter (90 gallon) tank. Theoretical future engines, usingcascading topping cycles, can improve this to around 110 W-hr/kg with aquasi-isothermal expansion process. The advantages are zero harmfulemissions and superior energy densities than compressed air, and a carpowered by LN2 can be refilled in a matter of minutes.


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Propane (LPG)

Propane is a three-carbon alkane, normally a gas, butcompressible to a transportable liquid. It is derived fromother petroleum products during oil or natural gas processing.It is commonly used as a fuel for engines, oxy-gas

torches, barbecues, portable stoves and residential centralheatin.

When used as vehicle fuel, it is commonly known as liquefiedpetroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), which can be a mixture ofpropane along with small amounts of propylene, butane,

and butylene. An odorant such as ethanethiol or thiophene isadded so that people can easily smell the gas in case of a leak.


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Questionaire

1)Which is the most widely used automobile

fuel?

Ans) Petrol or Gasoline

2)Who obtained pure ethanol for the first

time?

Ans) In 1796, Johann Tobias Lowitz obtained pure

ethanol by filtering distilled ethanol

throughactivated charcoal
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_carbon


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3)What is Propane commonly know as?

Ans) LPG

4)What is CNG mainly composed of?

Ans) Methane

5)What is full form of commonly used in

UK ?Ans) Diesel Engined Road Vehicle


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Info about the graph

X axis1. Petrol

2. Ethanol

3. Propane4. Liquid Nitrogen

5. Diesel

6. C.N.G


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Science Project on Automobile Fuels

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