Science Framework Learning Objectives

© Crown copyright 2008 00354-2008PDF-EN-01

1The National Strategies | Secondary The Framework for secondary science: overview and learning objectives

The

Fra

mew

ork

for s

eco

nda

ry s

cien

ce: o

verv

iew

a

nd le

arn

ing

ob

ject

ives

Ove

rvie

w o

f str

ands

Stra

nds

Subs

tran

dsSu

b-s

ubst

rand

s

1 H

ow sc

ienc

e w

orks

1.1a

Ex

plan

atio

ns, a

rgum

ent a

nd d

ecis

ions

1.

1a1

Scie

ntifi

c th

inki

ng: d

evel

opin

g

expl

anat

ions

usi

ng id

eas a

nd m

odel

s

1.1a

2 Sc

ient

ific

thin

king

: cha

lleng

e an

d

co

llabo

ratio

n in

the

deve

lopm

ent o

f

ex

plan

atio

ns

1.1a

3 Sc

ient

ific

thin

king

: dev

elop

ing

argu

men

t

1.11

b A

pplic

atio

ns, i

mpl

icat

ions

and

cul

tura

l

unde

rsta

ndin

g

1.1.

1c

Com

mun

icat

ion

for a

udie

nce

and

with

pu

rpos

e

2 Pr

actic

al a

nd e

nqui

ry sk

ills

1.1.

2a

Usi

ng in

vest

igat

ive

appr

oach

es: p

lann

ing

an a

ppro

ach

1.1.

2b

Usi

ng in

vest

igat

ive

appr

oach

es: s

elec

ting

and

man

agin

g va

riabl

es

1.1.

2c

Usi

ng in

vest

igat

ive

appr

oach

es: a

sses

sing

ris

k an

d w

orki

ng sa

fely

1.1.

2d

Usi

ng in

vest

igat

ive

appr

oach

es: o

btai

ning

an

d pr

esen

ting

prim

ary

evid

ence

1.1.

2e

Wor

king

crit

ical

ly w

ith p

rimar

y ev

iden

ce

1.1.

2f

Wor

king

crit

ical

ly w

ith se

cond

ary

evid

ence

2 The National Strategies | Secondary The Framework for secondary science: overview and learning objectives

© Crown copyright 200800354-2008PDF-EN-01

Stra

nds

Subs

tran

dsSu

b-s

ubst

rand

s

2 O

rgan

ism

s, b

ehav

iour

and

hea

lth

2.1

Life

pro

cess

es

2.2

Varia

tion

and

inte

rdep

ende

nce

2.3

Beha

viou

r

3 Ch

emic

al a

nd m

ater

ial b

ehav

iour

3.1

Part

icle

mod

els

3.2

Chem

ical

reac

tions

3.3

Patt

erns

in c

hem

ical

reac

tions

4 En

ergy

, ele

ctric

ity a

nd fo

rces

4.1

Ener

gy tr

ansf

er a

nd e

lect

ricity

4.2

Forc

es

5 Th

e en

viro

nmen

t, Ea

rth

and

the

univ

erse

5.1

Chan

ging

env

ironm

ent a

nd su

stai

nabi

lity

5.2

Chan

ging

Ear

th

5.3

Eart

h, S

pace

and

bey

ond



How

scie

nce

wor

ks le

arni

ng o

bjec

tive

s

1 H

ow sc

ienc

e w

orks

1.1

Expl

anat

ions

, arg

umen

t and

dec

isio

ns

1.1a

1 Sc

ient

ific

thin

king

: dev

elop

ing

expl

anat

ions

usi

ng id

eas a

nd m

odel

s

Year

7Ye

ar 8

Year

9Ye

ar 1

0Ye

ar 1

1Ex

tens

ion

use

an e

xist

ing

●

mod

el o

r ana

logy

to

exp

lain

a

phen

omen

on

desc

ribe

mor

e th

an

●

one

mod

el to

ex

plai

n th

e sa

me

phen

omen

on a

nd

disc

uss t

he

stre

ngth

s and

w

eakn

esse

s of

each

mod

el

desc

ribe

the

●

stre

ngth

s and

w

eakn

esse

s of a

ra

nge

of a

vaila

ble

mod

els a

nd se

lect

th

e m

ost

appr

opria

te

just

ify th

e se

lect

ion

●

of a

par

ticul

ar

mod

el a

s the

mos

t ap

prop

riate

eval

uate

the

●

effec

tiven

ess o

f us

ing

mod

els a

nd

anal

ogie

s in

thei

r ex

plan

atio

ns

reco

gnis

e th

at it

is

●

poss

ible

to h

ave

and

to u

se

diffe

rent

, and

so

met

imes

co

nflic

ting,

mod

els

in th

eir e

xpla

natio

n

reco

gnis

e an

d

●

expl

ain

the

valu

e of

us

ing

mod

els a

nd

anal

ogie

s to

clar

ify

expl

anat

ions

desc

ribe

how

the

●

use

of a

par

ticul

ar

mod

el o

r ana

logy

su

ppor

ts a

n ex

plan

atio

n

expl

ain

why

the

●

man

ipul

atio

n of

a

mod

el o

r ana

logy

m

ight

be

need

ed to

cl

arify

an

expl

anat

ion

devi

se o

wn

sim

ple

●

mod

els o

r an

alog

ies t

o ex

plai

n ob

serv

atio

ns, d

ata

or sc

ient

ific

idea

s

eval

uate

the

●

stre

ngth

s and

w

eakn

esse

s of t

heir

own

mod

els a

nd

anal

ogie

s

expl

ain

how

●

devi

sing

and

usi

ng

alte

rnat

ive

mod

els

coul

d he

lp to

mak

e a

‘cre

ativ

e le

ap’ i

n an

exp

lana

tion



1.1a

2 Sc

ient

ific

thin

king

: cha

lleng

e an

d co

llabo

rati

on in

the

deve

lopm

ent o

f exp

lana

tion

s

Year

7Ye

ar 8

Year

9Ye

ar 1

0Ye

ar 1

1Ex

tens

ion

reco

gnis

e th

at

●

scie

ntis

ts o

f all

disc

iplin

es a

nd

natio

nalit

ies o

ften

w

ork

toge

ther

to

deve

lop

expl

anat

ions

reco

gnis

e th

at

●

scie

nce

is a

co

mm

unal

, and

th

eref

ore

falli

ble,

hu

man

act

ivity

an

d th

at d

iffer

ent

expl

anat

ions

can

ar

ise

from

in

divi

dual

bia

s

desc

ribe

how

bia

s,

●

a la

ck o

f evi

denc

e or

mis

conc

eptio

ns

can

give

rise

to

inap

prop

riate

th

eorie

s and

the

role

of s

cien

tists

in

ques

tioni

ng th

ese

desc

ribe

the

●

proc

ess o

f va

lidat

ing

the

wor

k of

oth

er sc

ient

ists

an

d ex

plai

n ho

w

this

influ

ence

s the

ac

cept

ance

or

reje

ctio

n of

a

theo

ry

expl

ain

why

it is

●

impo

rtan

t for

the

scie

ntifi

c co

mm

unity

to h

ave

a pr

oces

s for

va

lidat

ing

the

wor

k of

oth

er sc

ient

ists

an

d ho

w th

is h

as

influ

ence

d th

e ac

cept

ance

of

curr

ent t

heor

ies

expl

ain

and

just

ify

●

why

a ‘s

cien

tific

clai

m’ s

houl

d be

ac

cept

ed o

r re

ject

ed b

y th

e ap

plic

atio

n of

the

key

com

pone

nts o

f va

lidat

ion

to th

e ev

iden

ce

reco

gnis

e th

at

●

scie

nce

cann

ot y

et

expl

ain

ever

ythi

ng

reco

gnis

e

●

ques

tions

that

the

scie

ntifi

c pr

oces

s ca

nnot

yet

ans

wer

iden

tify

som

e

●

ques

tions

that

the

scie

ntifi

c pr

oces

s ca

nnot

yet

co

mpl

etel

y an

swer

bu

t can

con

trib

ute

to

iden

tify

som

e

●

ques

tions

that

the

scie

ntifi

c pr

oces

s ca

nnot

yet

co

mpl

etel

y an

swer

bu

t can

con

trib

ute

to, a

nd e

xpla

in th

e re

ason

s for

this

expl

ain

why

●

scie

ntifi

c pr

oof i

s on

ly e

ver

prov

isio

nal

expl

ore

the

●

impl

icat

ions

of t

he

prov

isio

nal n

atur

e of

scie

ntifi

c pr

oof



1.1a

3 Sci

enti

fic

thin

king

: dev

elop

ing

argu

men

t

Year

7Ye

ar 8

Year

9Ye

ar 1

0Ye

ar 1

1Ex

tens

ion

iden

tify

a ra

nge

of

●

scie

ntifi

c da

ta a

nd

othe

r evi

denc

e to

ba

ck a

n ar

gum

ent

and

the

coun

terc

laim

in le

ss

com

plex

and

/or

fam

iliar

con

text

s,

e.g.

est

ablis

hing

a

win

d fa

rm

iden

tify

a ra

nge

of

●

scie

ntifi

c da

ta a

nd

othe

r evi

denc

e to

ba

ck a

n ar

gum

ent

and

the

coun

terc

laim

in

mor

e co

mpl

ex

and/

or le

ss fa

mili

ar

cont

exts

, e.g

. use

of

ant

ibio

tics

use

crite

ria to

sele

ct

●

rele

vant

scie

ntifi

c da

ta a

nd o

ther

so

urce

s of e

vide

nce

to su

ppor

t or

nega

te a

n ar

gum

ent

expl

ain

how

the

●

use

of c

riter

ia

impr

oves

the

effec

tiven

ess o

f se

lect

ing

scie

ntifi

c da

ta a

nd o

ther

so

urce

s of e

vide

nce

to su

ppor

t or

nega

te a

n ar

gum

ent

devi

se c

riter

ia to

●

sele

ct re

leva

nt

scie

ntifi

c da

ta a

nd

othe

r sou

rces

of

evid

ence

to

supp

ort o

r neg

ate

an a

rgum

ent i

n fa

mili

ar c

onte

xts

devi

se c

riter

ia to

●

sele

ct re

leva

nt

scie

ntifi

c da

ta a

nd

othe

r sou

rces

of

evid

ence

to

supp

ort o

r neg

ate

an a

rgum

ent i

n le

ss

fam

iliar

con

text

s

reco

gnis

e th

at

●

scie

ntifi

c ev

iden

ce

can

be u

sed

to

supp

ort o

r dis

prov

e th

eorie

s

desc

ribe

how

●

scie

ntifi

c ev

iden

ce

from

diff

eren

t so

urce

s car

ries

diffe

rent

wei

ght i

n su

ppor

ting

or

disp

rovi

ng th

eorie

s

expl

ain

how

●

scie

ntifi

c ev

iden

ce

from

a ra

nge

of

sour

ces c

an b

e us

ed

to su

ppor

t or

disp

rove

theo

ries

desc

ribe

exam

ples

●

of w

here

scie

ntifi

c th

eorie

s,

appl

icat

ions

and

m

odel

s hav

e be

en

chan

ged

by n

ew

evid

ence

or

soci

etal

nor

ms

expl

ain

how

●

scie

ntifi

c th

eorie

s,

appl

icat

ions

and

m

odel

s hav

e be

en

chan

ged

or

mod

ified

by

scie

ntis

ts a

s a re

sult

of n

ew e

vide

nce

expl

ain

how

●

scie

ntifi

c th

eorie

s,

appl

icat

ions

and

m

odel

s hav

e be

en

chan

ged

by th

e st

reng

th o

f new

ev

iden

ce, c

hang

es

in so

ciet

al n

orm

s or

valu

es



1.1b

App

licat

ions

, im

plic

atio

ns a

nd c

ultu

ral u

nder

stan

ding

Year

7Ye

ar 8

Year

9Ye

ar 1

0Ye

ar 1

1Ex

tens

ion

desc

ribe

som

e

●

bene

fits a

nd

draw

back

s of

scie

ntifi

c de

velo

pmen

ts w

ith

whi

ch th

ey a

re

fam

iliar

expl

ain

som

e is

sues

,

●

bene

fits a

nd

draw

back

s of

scie

ntifi

c de

velo

pmen

ts w

ith

whi

ch th

ey a

re

fam

iliar

eval

uate

the

●

issu

es, b

enefi

ts

and

draw

back

s of

scie

ntifi

c de

velo

pmen

ts

with

whi

ch th

ey

are

fam

iliar

eval

uate

the

●

rele

vant

issu

es,

bene

fits a

nd

draw

back

s of

scie

ntifi

c de

velo

pmen

ts w

ith

whi

ch th

ey a

re

fam

iliar

and

dra

w

conc

lusi

ons a

bout

w

hich

wou

ld b

e m

ore

appr

opria

te

desc

ribe

and

●

eval

uate

exa

mpl

es

of p

erce

ived

and

ac

tual

risk

aris

ing

from

the

appl

icat

ion

of

scie

ntifi

c or

te

chno

logi

cal

deve

lopm

ents

eval

uate

and

●

anal

yse

the

pote

ntia

l im

pact

of

the

appl

icat

ion

of

new

scie

ntifi

c an

d te

chno

logi

cal

deve

lopm

ents

reco

gnis

e th

at

●

deci

sion

s abo

ut th

e us

e an

d ap

plic

atio

n of

scie

nce

and

tech

nolo

gy a

re

influ

ence

d by

so

ciet

y an

d in

divi

dual

s

reco

gnis

e th

at

●

deci

sion

s abo

ut th

e us

e an

d ap

plic

atio

n of

scie

nce

and

tech

nolo

gy a

re

influ

ence

d by

so

ciet

y an

d in

divi

dual

s, a

nd

how

thes

e co

uld

impa

ct o

n pe

ople

an

d th

e en

viro

nmen

t

reco

gnis

e th

at

●

diffe

rent

de

cisi

ons o

n th

e us

e an

d ap

plic

atio

n of

sc

ient

ific

and

tech

nolo

gica

l de

velo

pmen

ts

may

be

mad

e in

di

ffere

nt

econ

omic

, cu

ltura

l and

so

cial

con

text

s

expl

ain

that

●

scie

ntifi

c ev

iden

ce

coul

d be

shap

ed b

y a

num

ber o

f fac

tors

an

d us

ed to

in

fluen

ce d

ecis

ions

ta

ken

on th

e ap

plic

atio

n of

sc

ient

ific

and

tech

nolo

gica

l de

velo

pmen

ts

desc

ribe

the

pow

er

●

and

limita

tions

of

scie

nce

in

addr

essi

ng a

rang

e of

mor

al o

r eth

ical

is

sues

, and

how

this

co

uld

influ

ence

the

impa

ct o

f dec

isio

ns

take

n on

the

appl

icat

ion

of

scie

ntifi

c an

d te

chno

logi

cal

deve

lopm

ents

expl

ain

how

●

scie

ntifi

c ev

iden

ce

can

be sh

aped

by

bias

, sci

entifi

c st

atus

, pol

itica

l or

econ

omic

fact

ors,

an

d ho

w th

is c

ould

in

fluen

ce th

e im

pact

of d

ecis

ions

ta

ken

on th

e ap

plic

atio

n of

sc

ient

ific

and

tech

nolo

gica

l de

velo

pmen

ts



1.1c

Co

mm

unic

atio

n fo

r aud

ienc

e an

d w

ith

purp

ose

Year

7Ye

ar 8

Year

9Ye

ar 1

0Ye

ar 1

1Ex

tens

ion

use

key

scie

ntifi

c

●

voca

bula

ry a

nd

term

inol

ogy

in

disc

ussi

ons a

nd

writ

ten

wor

k

use

a ra

nge

of

●

scie

ntifi

c vo

cabu

lary

an

d te

rmin

olog

y co

nsis

tent

ly in

di

scus

sion

s and

w

ritte

n w

ork

com

mun

icat

e

●

effec

tivel

y an

d us

e ap

prop

riate

sc

ient

ific

term

inol

ogy

and

conv

entio

ns in

di

scus

sion

and

w

ritte

n w

ork

com

mun

icat

e

●

effec

tivel

y us

ing

a w

ide

rang

e of

sc

ient

ific

term

inol

ogy

and

conv

entio

ns in

di

scus

sion

and

w

ritte

n w

ork

com

mun

icat

e

●

qual

itativ

e an

d qu

antit

ativ

e ev

iden

ce e

ffect

ivel

y us

ing

scie

ntifi

c te

rmin

olog

y an

d co

nven

tions

, dr

awin

g on

ab

stra

ct id

eas a

nd

mod

els a

s ap

prop

riate

to th

e au

dien

ce a

nd

purp

ose

use

a w

ide

rang

e of

●

tech

nica

l vo

cabu

lary

and

te

chni

ques

with

flu

ency

, de

mon

stra

ting

com

mun

icat

ion

and

num

eric

al sk

ills

as a

ppro

pria

te fo

r a

rang

e of

aud

ienc

es

and

purp

oses

iden

tify

and

use

the

●

conv

entio

ns o

f va

rious

gen

res f

or

diffe

rent

aud

ienc

es

and

purp

oses

in

scie

ntifi

c w

ritin

g

adap

t the

styl

istic

●

conv

entio

ns o

f a

rang

e of

gen

res f

or

diffe

rent

aud

ienc

es

and

purp

oses

in

scie

ntifi

c w

ritin

g

adap

t the

styl

istic

●

conv

entio

ns o

f a

wid

er ra

nge

of

genr

es fo

r di

ffere

nt

audi

ence

s and

pu

rpos

es in

sc

ient

ific

writ

ing

use

sim

ple

crite

ria to

●

judg

e th

e ap

prop

riate

ness

of a

pi

ece

of sc

ient

ific

writ

ing

for a

pa

rtic

ular

aud

ienc

e

devi

se c

riter

ia to

●

judg

e th

e ap

prop

riate

ness

of

a pi

ece

of sc

ient

ific

writ

ing

for a

pa

rtic

ular

aud

ienc

e

criti

cally

eva

luat

e

●

crite

ria u

sed

to

judg

e th

e ap

prop

riate

ness

of

a pi

ece

of sc

ient

ific

writ

ing

for a

pa

rtic

ular

aud

ienc

e



1.2

Prac

tica

l and

enq

uiry

skill

s

1.2a

Usi

ng in

vest

igat

ive

appr

oach

es: p

lann

ing

an a

ppro

ach

Year

7Ye

ar 8

Year

9Ye

ar 1

0Ye

ar 1

1Ex

tens

ion

desc

ribe

an

●

appr

opria

te

appr

oach

to a

nsw

er

a sc

ient

ific

ques

tion

usin

g a

limite

d ra

nge

of

info

rmat

ion

and

mak

ing

rele

vant

ob

serv

atio

ns o

r m

easu

rem

ents

desc

ribe

an

●

appr

opria

te

appr

oach

to a

nsw

er

a sc

ient

ific

ques

tion

usin

g so

urce

s of

evid

ence

and

, w

here

app

ropr

iate

, m

akin

g re

leva

nt

obse

rvat

ions

or

mea

sure

men

ts

usin

g ap

prop

riate

ap

para

tus

expl

ain

how

the

●

plan

ned

appr

oach

to

ans

wer

a

scie

ntifi

c qu

estio

n w

as in

form

ed b

y sc

ient

ific

know

ledg

e,

unde

rsta

ndin

g or

ot

her s

ourc

es o

f ev

iden

ce

expl

ain

how

the

●

plan

ned

appr

oach

w

as in

form

ed b

y a

rang

e of

scie

ntifi

c kn

owle

dge,

un

ders

tand

ing

and

evid

ence

and

, w

here

app

ropr

iate

, ho

w th

is in

fluen

ced

the

met

hod

of d

ata

colle

ctio

n

expl

ain

how

to p

lan

●

appr

opria

te

appr

oach

es to

in

vest

igat

ory

wor

k by

synt

hesi

sing

in

form

atio

n fr

om a

ra

nge

of so

urce

s in

com

plex

con

text

s an

d w

here

va

riabl

es a

re le

ss

easi

ly c

ontr

olle

d

expl

ain

why

●

diffe

rent

ap

proa

ches

are

re

quire

d to

in

vest

igat

e di

ffere

nt k

inds

of

scie

ntifi

c qu

estio

ns

and

how

scie

ntifi

c kn

owle

dge,

un

ders

tand

ing

and

sour

ces o

f evi

denc

e ar

e us

ed in

the

diffe

rent

ap

proa

ches

1.2b

Usi

ng in

vest

igat

ive

appr

oach

es: s

elec

ting

and

man

agin

g va

riab

les

Year

7Ye

ar 8

Year

9Ye

ar 1

0Ye

ar 1

1Ex

tens

ion

reco

gnis

e th

e ra

nge

●

of v

aria

bles

in

volv

ed in

an

inve

stig

atio

n an

d de

cide

whi

ch to

co

ntro

l

desc

ribe

and

●

iden

tify

key

varia

bles

in a

n in

vest

igat

ion

and

assi

gn a

ppro

pria

te

valu

es to

thes

e

use

and

appl

y

●

inde

pend

ent a

nd

depe

nden

t va

riabl

es in

an

inve

stig

atio

n by

ch

oosi

ng a

n ap

prop

riate

ra

nge,

num

ber

and

valu

e fo

r eac

h on

e

iden

tify

key

fact

ors

●

in c

ompl

ex c

onte

xts

whe

re v

aria

bles

are

le

ss e

asily

con

trol

led

use

and

appl

y ke

y

●

varia

bles

in

com

plex

con

text

s,

incl

udin

g on

es in

w

hich

var

iabl

es a

re

less

eas

ily

cont

rolle

d

iden

tify

and

●

man

age

a ra

nge

of

varia

bles

in

com

plex

con

text

s in

clud

ing

ones

in

whi

ch v

aria

bles

are

le

ss e

asily

co

ntro

lled



1.2c

Usi

ng in

vest

igat

ive

appr

oach

es: a

sses

sing

risk

and

wor

king

safe

ly

Year

7Ye

ar 8

Year

9Ye

ar 1

0Ye

ar 1

1Ex

tens

ion

expl

ain

how

act

ion

●

has b

een

take

n to

co

ntro

l obv

ious

risk

an

d ho

w m

etho

ds

are

adeq

uate

for

the

task

expl

ain

how

to ta

ke

●

actio

n to

con

trol

the

risks

to th

emse

lves

an

d ot

hers

, and

de

mon

stra

te

com

pete

nce

in th

eir

prac

tical

tech

niqu

es

expl

ain

how

●

appr

oach

es to

pr

actic

al w

ork

wer

e ad

apte

d to

co

ntro

l ris

k

use

and

appl

y ris

k

●

asse

ssm

ent i

n ca

rryi

ng o

ut

prac

tical

pro

cedu

res

expl

ain

why

the

●

chos

en a

ppro

ach

to p

ract

ical

wor

k ne

eded

to b

e ad

apte

d to

con

trol

ris

k

expl

ain

how

●

haza

rds a

re

iden

tified

and

risk

s m

anag

ed to

col

lect

da

ta in

a sa

fe a

nd

skilf

ul m

anne

r



1.2d

Usi

ng in

vest

igat

ive

appr

oach

es: o

btai

ning

and

pre

sent

ing

prim

ary

evid

ence

Year

7Ye

ar 8

Year

9Ye

ar 1

0Ye

ar 1

1Ex

tens

ion

desc

ribe

and

reco

rd

●

obse

rvat

ions

and

ev

iden

ce

syst

emat

ical

ly

expl

ain

how

the

●

obse

rvat

ion

and

reco

rdin

g m

etho

ds

are

appr

opria

te to

th

e ta

sk

use

and

appl

y

●

qual

itativ

e an

d qu

antit

ativ

e m

etho

ds to

obt

ain

and

reco

rd

suffi

cien

t dat

a sy

stem

atic

ally

expl

ain

how

●

inhe

rent

var

iatio

n,

e.g.

from

hum

an

erro

r, se

nsiti

vity

and

ac

cura

cy o

f in

stru

men

t, ne

eds

to b

e co

nsid

ered

w

hen

colle

ctin

g da

ta

use

and

appl

y

●

syst

emat

ic

obse

rvat

ion

and

prec

ise

mea

surin

g w

ith a

rang

e of

ap

para

tus,

whi

lst

taki

ng a

ccou

nt o

f in

here

nt v

aria

tion,

to

obt

ain

and

reco

rd re

liabl

e da

ta

use

and

appl

y

●

syst

emat

ic

obse

rvat

ion

and

prec

ise

mea

surin

g w

ith a

rang

e of

ap

para

tus,

whi

le

taki

ng a

ccou

nt o

f in

here

nt v

aria

tion,

to

obt

ain

and

reco

rd re

liabl

e da

ta

in a

mor

e de

man

ding

co

ntex

t

reco

gnis

e th

at th

e

●

pres

enta

tion

of

expe

rimen

tal

resu

lts th

roug

h th

e ro

utin

e us

e of

ta

bles

, bar

cha

rts

and

sim

ple

grap

hs

mak

es it

eas

ier t

o se

e pa

tter

ns a

nd

tren

ds

desc

ribe

way

s in

●

whi

ch th

e pr

esen

tatio

n of

ex

perim

enta

l re

sults

thro

ugh

the

rout

ine

use

of

tabl

es, c

hart

s and

lin

e gr

aphs

mak

es it

ea

sier

to se

e pa

tter

ns a

nd tr

ends

expl

ain

how

the

●

pres

enta

tion

of

expe

rimen

tal

resu

lts th

roug

h th

e ro

utin

e us

e of

ta

bles

, cha

rts a

nd

line

grap

hs m

akes

it

easi

er to

see

patt

erns

and

tr

ends

appl

y an

d us

e

●

appr

opria

te w

ays o

f re

cord

ing

rele

vant

ob

serv

atio

ns a

nd

com

paris

ons,

cle

arly

id

entif

ying

poi

nts o

f pa

rtic

ular

si

gnifi

canc

e

expl

ain

how

the

●

chos

en

pres

enta

tion

of

data

has

bee

n us

ed

to su

ppor

t a v

alid

co

nclu

sion

expl

ain

how

the

●

chos

en

pres

enta

tion

of

data

take

s acc

ount

of

unc

erta

inty

or

alte

rnat

ive

conc

lusi

ons



1.2e

Wor

king

cri

tica

lly w

ith

prim

ary

evid

ence

Year

7Ye

ar 8

Year

9Ye

ar 1

0Ye

ar 1

1Ex

tens

ion

desc

ribe

patt

erns

●

and

tren

ds in

re

sults

and

link

this

ev

iden

ce to

any

pr

edic

tion

mad

e

desc

ribe

how

the

●

patt

erns

and

tren

ds

in th

e re

sults

link

to

the

conc

lusi

ons

draw

n an

d w

heth

er

the

evid

ence

is

suffi

cien

t

expl

ain

how

●

patt

erns

and

tr

ends

in re

sults

ca

n be

m

anip

ulat

ed to

be

cons

iste

nt w

ith

the

evid

ence

ga

ther

ed a

nd th

e pr

edic

tions

mad

e

expl

ain

how

the

●

num

eric

al d

ata

have

be

en m

anip

ulat

ed to

m

ake

valid

co

mpa

rison

s and

co

nclu

sion

s lin

ked

to

the

orig

inal

scie

ntifi

c qu

estio

n

synt

hesi

se a

nd

●

man

ipul

ate

data

, an

alys

e fin

ding

s an

d dr

aw v

alid

an

d re

liabl

e co

nclu

sion

s co

nsis

tent

with

th

e ev

iden

ce a

nd

linke

d to

the

orig

inal

scie

ntifi

c qu

estio

n

reco

gnis

e th

at

●

corr

elat

ion

does

no

t alw

ays i

mpl

y ca

usat

ion

synt

hesi

se a

nd

●

man

ipul

ate

data

, an

alys

e fin

ding

s,

draw

val

id a

nd

relia

ble

conc

lusi

ons

cons

iste

nt w

ith th

e ev

iden

ce, a

nd

expl

ain

how

st

rong

ly th

e ev

iden

ce re

late

s to

the

orig

inal

sc

ient

ific

ques

tion

expl

ain

why

●

corr

elat

ion

does

no

t alw

ays i

mpl

y ca

usat

ion

desc

ribe

and

●

sugg

est h

ow

plan

ning

and

im

plem

enta

tion

coul

d be

impr

oved

desc

ribe

and

●

sugg

est,

with

re

ason

s, h

ow

plan

ning

and

im

plem

enta

tion

coul

d be

impr

oved

expl

ain

how

●

impr

ovem

ents

to

the

plan

ning

and

im

plem

enta

tion

wou

ld h

ave

led

to

the

colle

ctio

n of

m

ore

valid

and

re

liabl

e ev

iden

ce

and

a m

ore

secu

re

conc

lusi

on

eval

uate

the

plan

ning

●

and

impl

emen

tatio

n,

and

expl

ain

how

this

co

uld

acco

unt f

or

erro

rs a

nd a

nom

alie

s an

d ho

w in

adeq

uaci

es

coul

d be

rem

edie

d

eval

uate

the

●

plan

ning

and

im

plem

enta

tion,

an

d ex

plai

n ho

w

this

cou

ld

acco

unt f

or

erro

rs a

nd

anom

alie

s and

th

e su

bseq

uent

im

pact

on

the

conc

lusi

on in

si

mpl

e co

ntex

ts

eval

uate

the

●

plan

ning

and

im

plem

enta

tion,

an

d ex

plai

n ho

w

this

cou

ld a

ccou

nt

for e

rror

s and

an

omal

ies a

nd th

e su

bseq

uent

impa

ct

on th

e co

nclu

sion

in

mor

e co

mpl

ex

cont

exts



1.2f

W

orki

ng c

riti

cally

wit

h se

cond

ary

evid

ence

Year

7Ye

ar 8

Year

9Ye

ar 1

0Ye

ar 1

1Ex

tens

ion

desc

ribe

patt

erns

●

and

tren

ds in

se

cond

ary

evid

ence

and

link

th

ese

to th

e pr

edic

tion

or

conc

lusi

on d

raw

n

desc

ribe

wha

t nee

ds

●

to b

e co

nsid

ered

in

the

colle

ctio

n an

d m

anip

ulat

ion

of

sim

ple

seco

ndar

y ev

iden

ce to

eva

luat

e th

e co

nclu

sion

or

inte

rpre

tatio

n m

ade

expl

ain

whe

ther

●

the

colle

ctio

n an

d m

anip

ulat

ion

of

seco

ndar

y ev

iden

ce is

su

ffici

ent o

r in

suffi

cien

t to

supp

ort t

he

conc

lusi

on o

r in

terp

reta

tion

mad

e

expl

ain,

usi

ng

●

scie

ntifi

c kn

owle

dge

and

unde

rsta

ndin

g,

how

som

e of

the

limita

tions

in th

e co

llect

ion

and

man

ipul

atio

n of

se

cond

ary

evid

ence

ca

n di

stor

t the

co

nclu

sion

dra

wn

eval

uate

the

●

conc

lusi

ons

draw

n by

oth

ers,

in

clud

ing

scie

ntis

ts, i

n fa

mili

ar o

r les

s co

mpl

ex

cont

exts

and

co

nsid

er h

ow

stro

ngly

the

evid

ence

su

ppor

ts th

ese

conc

lusi

ons o

r cl

aim

s

eval

uate

the

●

conc

lusi

ons d

raw

n by

oth

ers,

in

clud

ing

scie

ntis

ts, i

n le

ss

fam

iliar

or m

ore

com

plex

con

text

s,

and

cons

ider

how

st

rong

ly th

e ev

iden

ce su

ppor

ts

thes

e co

nclu

sion

s or

cla

ims

reco

gnis

e th

at

●

diffe

rent

co

nclu

sion

s may

be

draw

n fr

om

seco

ndar

y da

ta

reco

gnis

e th

at th

e

●

sele

ctio

n, o

rder

ing

or re

ject

ion

of

seco

ndar

y da

ta

coul

d le

ad to

di

ffere

nt

conc

lusi

ons

expl

ain

how

●

seco

ndar

y nu

mer

ical

dat

a ha

ve b

een

man

ipul

ated

to

supp

ort a

pa

rtic

ular

co

nclu

sion

or

view

poin

t

reco

gnis

e th

at

●

scie

ntifi

c co

ntro

vers

ies c

an

aris

e fr

om d

iffer

ent

inte

rpre

tatio

ns o

f the

sa

me

evid

ence

desc

ribe

a ra

nge

●

of is

sues

that

can

aff

ect t

he

cred

ibili

ty o

f dat

a

expl

ain

how

●

scie

ntifi

c co

ntro

vers

ies c

an

aris

e fr

om d

iffer

ent

way

s of

inte

rpre

ting

evid

ence



Rang

e an

d co

nten

t lea

rnin

g ob

ject

ives

2 O

rgan

ism

s, b

ehav

iour

and

hea

lth

2.1

Life

pro

cess

es

Year

7Ye

ar 8

Year

9Ye

ar 1

0Ye

ar 1

1Ex

tens

ion

desc

ribe

the

role

●

of o

rgan

syst

ems

in p

lant

s and

an

imal

s tha

t can

co

ntrib

ute

to th

e se

ven

life

proc

esse

s

expl

ain

how

the

●

orga

ns a

nd ti

ssue

s in

pla

nts a

nd

anim

als f

unct

ion

to su

ppor

t the

se

ven

life

proc

esse

s in

a he

alth

y or

gani

sm

expl

ain

how

the

●

spec

ialis

atio

n of

ce

lls in

pla

nts a

nd

anim

als s

uppo

rt

the

seve

n lif

e pr

oces

ses i

n a

heal

thy

orga

nism

expl

ain

how

●

chem

ical

, phy

sica

l an

d bi

olog

ical

fa

ctor

s can

dis

rupt

th

e se

ven

life

proc

esse

s

expl

ain

how

●

indi

vidu

al

intr

acel

lula

r and

ex

trac

ellu

lar

proc

esse

s and

st

ruct

ures

in p

lant

s an

d an

imal

s su

ppor

t the

seve

n lif

e pr

oces

ses

expl

ain

why

●

cert

ain

chem

ical

, ph

ysic

al a

nd

biol

ogic

al fa

ctor

s ca

n di

srup

t the

se

ven

life

proc

esse

s

expl

ain

how

the

●

diffe

rent

in

trac

ellu

lar a

nd

extr

acel

lula

r pr

oces

ses w

ork

toge

ther

to

supp

ort l

ife in

fa

mili

ar c

onte

xts

eval

uate

the

●

impa

ct o

f ch

emic

al, p

hysi

cal

and

biol

ogic

al

fact

ors a

nd e

xpla

in

thei

r effe

cts o

n th

e lif

e pr

oces

ses

use

and

appl

y th

eir

●

unde

rsta

ndin

g of

how

lif

e pr

oces

ses i

n or

gani

sms w

ork

toge

ther

in u

nfam

iliar

co

ntex

ts

criti

cally

eva

luat

e th

e

●

rela

tive

impa

ct o

f ch

emic

al, p

hysi

cal a

nd

biol

ogic

al fa

ctor

s and

th

eir e

ffect

on

life

proc

esse

s in

unfa

mili

ar

cont

exts



2.2

Vari

atio

n an

d in

terd

epen

denc

e

Year

7Ye

ar 8

Year

9Ye

ar 1

0Ye

ar 1

1Ex

tens

ion

desc

ribe

how

●

orga

nism

s can

va

ry a

nd h

ow th

is

may

lead

to th

eir

surv

ival

in

chan

ging

en

viro

nmen

ts

desc

ribe

how

the

●

maj

or ta

xono

mic

gr

oups

are

cl

assi

fied

use

a co

mbi

natio

n

●

of fo

od c

hain

s w

ithin

a h

abita

t to

prod

uce

food

w

ebs

expl

ain

how

●

varia

tion

has

bene

fits a

nd

limita

tions

for t

he

surv

ival

of

orga

nism

s in

spec

ific

habi

tats

desc

ribe

som

e

●

exam

ples

of

varia

tion

aris

ing

from

inhe

rited

and

en

viro

nmen

tal

fact

ors

expl

ain

ener

gy

●

tran

sfer

in fo

od

chai

ns a

nd w

ebs

and

rela

te th

is to

th

e ab

unda

nce

of

orga

nism

s

expl

ain

how

●

varia

tion

in

orga

nism

s can

be

artifi

cial

ly in

duce

d an

d th

e eff

ect o

f th

ese

orga

nism

s on

the

envi

ronm

ent

expl

ain

how

●

inte

rnal

and

ex

tern

al fa

ctor

s ca

n aff

ect e

nerg

y tr

ansf

er in

food

ch

ains

and

web

s

expl

ain

how

the

●

com

bine

d eff

ects

of

cha

nges

to

gene

s and

en

viro

nmen

tal

chan

ge c

an le

ad to

va

riatio

n in

a

spec

ies

expl

ain

the

●

fluct

uatio

ns in

di

strib

utio

n an

d po

pula

tion

size

us

ing: en

ergy

flow

–

pyra

mid

s of

–nu

mbe

r and

bi

omas

s

pred

ator

/pre

y –

rela

tions

hips

appl

y an

d us

e th

eir

●

know

ledg

e of

va

riatio

n an

d in

terd

epen

denc

e to

exp

lain

:

n –

atur

al

sele

ctio

n

the

–ap

plic

atio

ns

and

impl

icat

ions

of

art

ifici

al

sele

ctio

n

evol

utio

nary

–

and

ecol

ogic

al

rela

tions

hips

appl

y an

d us

e th

eir

●

exte

nsiv

e kn

owle

dge

of v

aria

tion

and

inte

rdep

ende

nce

to

expl

ain

and

criti

cally

ev

alua

te th

e im

pact

of

hum

an a

ctiv

ity o

n ev

olut

iona

ry a

nd

ecol

ogic

al

rela

tions

hips



2.3

Beha

viou

r

Year

7Ye

ar 8

Year

9Ye

ar 1

1Ye

ar 1

1Ex

tens

ion

desc

ribe

sim

ple

●

lear

ned

and

inna

te

beha

viou

rs in

re

spon

se to

in

tern

al a

nd

exte

rnal

stim

uli

and

how

thes

e ai

d su

rviv

al

expl

ain

how

●

chan

ges i

n le

arne

d be

havi

our d

ue to

in

tern

al a

nd

exte

rnal

stim

uli

are

of b

enefi

t to

the

orga

nism

mak

e lin

ks

●

betw

een

obse

rved

so

cial

beh

avio

urs

and

the

bene

fit to

th

e su

rviv

al o

f the

sp

ecie

s

expl

ain

how

●

chem

ical

and

el

ectr

ical

sign

als

enab

le b

ody

syst

ems t

o re

spon

d to

in

tern

al a

nd

exte

rnal

cha

nges

an

d th

e eff

ect o

f th

is o

n be

havi

our

expl

ain

the

effec

ts

●

of n

atur

al a

nd

artifi

cial

su

bsta

nces

on

chem

ical

and

el

ectr

ical

sign

als

with

in th

e bo

dy,

and

poss

ible

eff

ects

on

beha

viou

r

eval

uate

evi

denc

e

●

from

diff

eren

t sou

rces

ab

out t

he im

pact

of

natu

ral a

nd a

rtifi

cial

su

bsta

nces

on

beha

viou

r



3 Ch

emic

al a

nd m

ater

ial b

ehav

iour

3.1

Part

icle

mod

els

Year

7Ye

ar 8

Year

9Ye

ar 1

0Ye

ar 1

1Ex

tens

ion

desc

ribe

mat

ter

●

usin

g a

sim

ple

mod

el a

nd u

se it

to

expl

ain

chan

ges o

f st

ate

reco

gnis

e th

e lin

k

●

betw

een

heat

ing

and

cool

ing

and

chan

ges o

f sta

te

use

the

sim

ple

●

part

icle

mod

el to

ex

plai

n th

e ph

ysic

al

char

acte

ristic

s of

solid

s, li

quid

s and

ga

ses

appl

y an

d us

e th

e

●

part

icle

mod

el to

de

scrib

e a

rang

e of

ph

ysic

al

obse

rvat

ions

appl

y an

d us

e th

e

●

part

icle

mod

el to

de

scrib

e a

rang

e of

se

para

tion

tech

niqu

es

eval

uate

and

refin

e

●

the

part

icle

mod

el

to e

xpla

in a

rang

e of

phy

sica

l ob

serv

atio

ns

eval

uate

and

refin

e

●

the

part

icle

mod

el

to e

xpla

in a

rang

e of

sepa

ratio

n te

chni

ques

refin

e th

e pa

rtic

le

●

mod

el to

exp

lore

th

e st

ruct

ure

of

atom

s, in

clud

ing

prot

ons,

neu

tron

s an

d el

ectr

ons

appl

y pa

rtic

le

●

mod

els i

n un

fam

iliar

con

text

s,

and

begi

n to

ev

alua

te th

e st

reng

ths a

nd

wea

knes

ses o

f the

m

odel

use

the

part

icle

●

mod

el a

nd id

eas

from

scie

nce

and

acro

ss d

isci

plin

es to

ex

plai

n ph

enom

ena

and

eval

uate

the

use

of

the

mod

el

use

the

part

icle

●

mod

el a

nd id

eas

from

scie

nce

and

acro

ss d

isci

plin

es to

ex

plai

n co

mpl

ex

phen

omen

a an

d m

ake

criti

cal

eval

uatio

ns to

ju

stify

the

use

of a

‘g

ood

enou

gh’

mod

el



3.2

Chem

ical

reac

tion

s

Year

7Ye

ar 8

Year

9Ye

ar 1

0Ye

ar 1

1Ex

tens

ion

sort

som

e

●

reac

tions

into

re

vers

ible

and

irr

ever

sibl

e

reco

gnis

e th

at n

ew

●

mat

eria

ls a

re m

ade

durin

g ch

emic

al

reac

tions

reco

gnis

e th

at

●

mat

eria

ls c

an b

e m

ade

up o

f one

or

mor

e ki

nds o

f pa

rtic

les

desc

ribe

the

type

●

and

arra

ngem

ent

of a

tom

s in

elem

ents

, co

mpo

unds

and

m

ixtu

res

desc

ribe

and

●

deve

lop

a pa

rtic

le

mod

el to

exp

lain

th

e di

ffere

nces

be

twee

n th

e te

rms a

tom

s, el

emen

ts,

com

poun

ds a

nd

mix

ture

s

use

a pa

rtic

le

●

mod

el to

con

stru

ct

pred

ictio

ns fo

r si

mpl

e ch

emic

al

reac

tions

and

to

prod

uce

wor

d eq

uatio

ns

use

a pa

rtic

le

●

mod

el to

con

stru

ct

pred

ictio

ns fo

r ch

emic

al re

actio

ns

and

to p

rodu

ce

sym

bol e

quat

ions

expl

ain

the

●

evid

ence

that

a

chem

ical

reac

tion

has t

aken

pla

ce in

te

rms o

f ene

rgy

tran

sfer

and

re

arra

ngem

ents

of

bond

s bet

wee

n at

oms

use

a pa

rtic

le

●

mod

el to

pre

dict

th

e ou

tcom

e of

ch

emic

al re

actio

ns

and

to p

rodu

ce

bala

nced

sym

bol

equa

tions

expl

ain

the

●

evid

ence

that

a

chem

ical

reac

tion

has t

aken

pla

ce in

te

rms o

f re

arra

ngem

ents

of

bond

s bet

wee

n at

oms,

usi

ng th

e m

odel

of t

he

diffe

renc

es o

f el

ectr

on st

ruct

ure

betw

een

elem

ents

use

a pa

rtic

le m

odel

to

●

pred

ict t

he o

utco

me

of c

ompl

ex c

hem

ical

re

actio

ns a

nd to

pr

oduc

e ba

lanc

ed

sym

bol e

quat

ions

and

io

nic

half-

equa

tions

w

hen

appr

opria

te

expl

ain

the

evid

ence

●

that

a c

hem

ical

re

actio

n ha

s tak

en

plac

e (in

a sy

stem

at

equi

libriu

m) i

n te

rms

of e

nerg

y tr

ansf

er a

nd

rear

rang

emen

ts o

f bo

nds b

etw

een

atom

s



3.3

Patt

erns

in c

hem

ical

reac

tion

s

Year

7Ye

ar 8

Year

9Ye

ar 1

0Ye

ar 1

1Ex

tens

ion

desc

ribe,

reco

rd

●

and

grou

p ob

serv

atio

ns fr

om

chem

ical

reac

tions

desc

ribe

patt

erns

●

in a

rang

e of

ch

emic

al re

actio

ns

link

expe

rimen

tal

●

and

num

eric

al

data

to il

lust

rate

a

rang

e of

pat

tern

s in

che

mic

al

reac

tions

expl

ain

prop

ertie

s

●

and

patt

erns

in

reac

tivity

in te

rms

of a

par

ticle

mod

el

for a

tom

ic

stru

ctur

e

appl

y kn

owle

dge

●

of p

atte

rns o

f re

activ

ity in

the

perio

dic

tabl

e to

pr

edic

t the

ou

tcom

es o

f re

actio

ns fr

om a

ra

nge

of fa

mili

ar

cont

exts

appl

y kn

owle

dge

of

●

patt

erns

of r

eact

ivity

in

the

perio

dic

tabl

e to

ev

alua

te c

ritic

ally

a

rang

e of

dom

estic

and

in

dust

rial p

roce

sses

in

clud

ing

syst

ems a

t eq

uilib

rium



4 En

ergy

, ele

ctri

city

and

forc

es

4.1

Ener

gy tr

ansf

er a

nd e

lect

rici

ty

Year

7Ye

ar 8

Year

9Ye

ar 1

0Ye

ar 1

1Ex

tens

ion

desc

ribe

how

●

ener

gy c

an b

e st

ored

, e.g

. foo

d,

fuel

s and

ele

ctric

al

cells

desc

ribe

how

●

ener

gy is

tr

ansf

erre

d in

si

mpl

e co

ntex

ts

such

as h

eatin

g an

d co

olin

g, fo

od

chai

ns a

nd si

mpl

e ci

rcui

ts

reco

gnis

e th

at

●

quan

titat

ive

mea

sure

s of

ener

gy tr

ansf

er a

re

need

ed to

info

rm

deci

sion

s, e

.g.

abou

t life

styl

es

desc

ribe

how

●

ener

gy st

ored

in a

ra

nge

of e

nerg

y re

sour

ces,

e.g

. fo

od, b

iom

ass,

oil,

ga

s, w

ind

and

wav

es, c

an b

e us

eful

ly

tran

sfer

red

use

a si

mpl

e m

odel

●

of e

nerg

y tr

ansf

er

to d

escr

ibe

com

mon

ob

serv

atio

ns

expl

ain

why

●

quan

titat

ive

mea

sure

s of

ener

gy tr

ansf

er

shou

ld a

lso

be

cons

ider

ed w

hen

mak

ing

info

rmed

de

cisi

ons,

e.g

. bu

ildin

g w

ind

farm

s

expl

ain

how

●

elec

tric

ity is

ge

nera

ted

usin

g a

varie

ty o

f ene

rgy

reso

urce

s

deve

lop

mor

e

●

com

plex

mod

els o

f en

ergy

tran

sfer

m

echa

nism

s (in

corp

orat

ing

idea

s abo

ut

part

icle

s or w

aves

)

use

ener

gy-

●

acco

untin

g sy

stem

s, in

clud

ing

Sank

ey d

iagr

ams,

to

trac

k en

ergy

tr

ansf

ers

use

quan

titat

ive

●

mea

sure

s of

ener

gy tr

ansf

er to

su

ppor

t inf

orm

ed

deci

sion

-mak

ing

appl

y th

e id

ea o

f

●

ener

gy

cons

erva

tion

and

diss

ipat

ion

to

sim

ple

biol

ogic

al,

chem

ical

and

ph

ysic

al sy

stem

s

appl

y th

e co

ncep

t

●

of c

onse

rvat

ion

of

ener

gy to

ene

rgy

effici

ency

ca

lcul

atio

ns in

liv

ing

and

non-

livin

g sy

stem

s

deve

lop

the

idea

●

of e

nerg

y di

ssip

atio

n in

a

varie

ty o

f con

text

s

eval

uate

the

●

econ

omic

cos

ts

and

envi

ronm

enta

l eff

ects

of e

nerg

y us

e th

roug

h th

e m

easu

rem

ent o

f en

ergy

tran

sfer

s an

d effi

cien

cy

calc

ulat

ions

desc

ribe

the

●

effec

ts o

f ene

rgy

tran

sfer

to li

ving

sy

stem

s by

elec

trom

agne

tic

and

nucl

ear

radi

atio

n

use

quan

titat

ive

●

mea

sure

s and

the

conc

ept o

f ene

rgy

cons

erva

tion

to

eval

uate

a ra

nge

of st

rate

gies

to

cons

erve

lim

ited

ener

gy re

sour

ces

use

and

appl

y

●

com

plex

mod

els

of e

nerg

y tr

ansf

er

to a

wid

e ra

nge

of

phen

omen

a

expl

ain

a w

ide

●

rang

e of

com

plex

ph

enom

ena

usin

g th

e pr

inci

ple

of

cons

erva

tion

of

ener

gy a

nd

appr

opria

te w

ave

or p

artic

le m

odel

s

appl

y br

oade

r or

●

deep

er k

now

ledg

e an

d un

ders

tand

ing

of

ener

gy in

exp

lana

tions

of

obs

erva

tions

and

ph

enom

ena

use

valid

and

ratio

nal

●

argu

men

t to

offer

so

lutio

ns to

pro

blem

s ar

isin

g fr

om th

e ap

plic

atio

ns a

nd

impl

icat

ions

of e

nerg

y



4.2

Forc

es Year

7Ye

ar 8

Year

9Ye

ar 1

0Ye

ar 1

1Ex

tens

ion

reco

gnis

e th

e

●

forc

es a

ctin

g on

an

obje

ct in

diff

eren

t si

tuat

ions

dist

ingu

ish

●

betw

een

situ

atio

ns

invo

lvin

g ba

lanc

ed

and

unba

lanc

ed

forc

es

reco

gnis

e th

at

●

forc

es c

an

com

bine

or w

holly

or

par

tly c

ance

l ea

ch o

ther

out

and

th

eir s

ize

and

dire

ctio

n ca

n be

re

pres

ente

d us

ing

arro

ws

reco

gnis

e th

at

●

ther

e ar

e co

ntac

t fo

rces

and

forc

es

that

act

at a

di

stan

ce

appl

y id

eas a

bout

●

bala

nced

and

un

bala

nced

forc

es

to e

xpla

in th

e w

ay

obje

cts m

ove

inve

stig

ate

●

situ

atio

ns w

here

fo

rces

are

app

lied

over

larg

e an

d sm

all a

reas

or h

ave

a tu

rnin

g eff

ect

reco

gnis

e th

at

●

forc

es a

t a d

ista

nce

get w

eake

r as t

he

dist

ance

incr

ease

s

reco

gnis

e ho

w

●

sim

ple

quan

titat

ive

rela

tions

hips

can

be

app

lied

to th

e w

ay o

bjec

ts m

ove

(incl

udin

g ba

lanc

ed a

nd

unba

lanc

ed fo

rces

)

reco

gnis

e ho

w

●

sim

ple

quan

titat

ive

rela

tions

hips

can

be

app

lied

to

situ

atio

ns w

here

fo

rces

are

app

lied

over

larg

e an

d sm

all a

reas

or h

ave

a tu

rnin

g eff

ect

use

sim

ple

●

quan

titat

ive

rela

tions

hips

to

mak

e pr

edic

tions

in

mor

e co

mpl

ex

situ

atio

ns

use

sim

ple

●

rela

tions

hips

in

volv

ing

mor

e co

mpl

ex

quan

titie

s to

mak

e qu

antit

ativ

e pr

edic

tions

in

fam

iliar

situ

atio

ns

use

rela

tions

hips

●

invo

lvin

g m

ore

com

plex

qua

ntiti

es

to m

ake

quan

titat

ive

pred

ictio

ns in

m

ore

com

plex

and

un

fam

iliar

si

tuat

ions

appl

y kn

owle

dge

and

●

unde

rsta

ndin

g of

fo

rces

in e

xpla

natio

ns

of o

bser

vatio

ns a

nd

phen

omen

a to

co

mpl

ex a

nd

unfa

mili

ar c

onte

xts

use

valid

and

ratio

nal

●

argu

men

t to

offer

so

lutio

ns to

pro

blem

s ar

isin

g fr

om th

e ap

plic

atio

ns a

nd

impl

icat

ions

of f

orce

s



5 Th

e en

viro

nmen

t, E

arth

and

the

univ

erse

5.1

Chan

ging

env

iron

men

t and

sust

aina

bilit

y

Year

7Ye

ar 8

Year

9Ye

ar 1

0Ye

ar 1

1Ex

tens

ion

desc

ribe

how

●

natu

ral a

nd h

uman

pr

oces

ses h

ave

chan

ged

the

atm

osph

ere

over

tim

e

expl

ain

som

e of

●

the

chan

ges t

hat

have

led

to th

e co

mpo

sitio

n of

the

curr

ent

atm

osph

ere

reco

gnis

e si

mpl

e

●

idea

s of

sust

aina

ble

deve

lopm

ent

use

one

or m

ore

●

mod

els,

such

as

the

carb

on c

ycle

or

food

web

s, to

ex

plai

n so

me

of

the

cons

eque

nces

of

cha

nges

in th

e en

viro

nmen

t

use

prim

ary

and

●

seco

ndar

y fo

rms

of e

vide

nce

to

desc

ribe

and

expl

ain

the

impa

ct

of h

uman

act

ions

at

a lo

cal,

regi

onal

an

d gl

obal

leve

l

eval

uate

the

●

accu

racy

and

va

lidity

of p

rimar

y an

d se

cond

ary

evid

ence

in

rela

tion

to h

uman

im

pact

on

the

bios

pher

e

desc

ribe

and

●

anal

yse

how

co

mpl

ex d

ata

coul

d be

re

pres

ente

d or

m

isre

pres

ente

d to

ju

stify

dec

isio

ns

take

n to

man

age

sust

aina

bilit

y

link

and

synt

hesi

se

●

data

and

evi

denc

e fr

om a

rang

e of

so

urce

s to

expl

ain

hum

an im

pact

on

the

bios

pher

e

desc

ribe

how

●

evid

ence

and

ar

gum

ents

from

di

ffere

nt p

oliti

cal a

nd

econ

omic

pe

rspe

ctiv

es h

ave

been

use

d to

just

ify

deci

sion

s tak

en to

m

anag

e su

stai

nabi

lity



5.2

Chan

ging

Ear

th

Year

7Ye

ar 8

Year

9Ye

ar 1

0Ye

ar 1

1Ex

tens

ion

reco

gnis

e th

e

●

proc

esse

s inv

olve

d in

the

form

atio

n of

ro

cks

desc

ribe

the

●

proc

esse

s inv

olve

d in

the

form

atio

n of

se

dim

enta

ry,

met

amor

phic

and

ig

neou

s roc

ks a

nd

use

the

char

acte

ristic

s of

the

rock

s to

expl

ain

how

they

fo

rmed

use

the

rock

cyc

le

●

as a

mod

el to

ex

plai

n th

e cy

clic

al

natu

re o

f roc

k-fo

rmin

g pr

oces

ses

and

the

times

cale

s ov

er w

hich

they

op

erat

e

use

the

theo

ry o

f

●

plat

e te

cton

ics t

o ex

plai

n so

me

of

the

maj

or sl

ow

(long

-ter

m)

chan

ges a

nd th

e di

strib

utio

n an

d na

ture

of a

ctiv

e zo

nes o

n th

e su

rfac

e of

the

Eart

h

link

plat

e te

cton

ic

●

theo

ry to

its

supp

ortin

g ge

olog

ical

ev

iden

ce

appl

y an

d us

e th

e

●

theo

ry o

f pla

te

tect

onic

s to

expl

ain

rela

ted

geol

ogic

al

phen

omen

a



5.3

Eart

h, S

pace

and

bey

ond

Year

7Ye

ar 8

Year

9Ye

ar 1

0Ye

ar 1

1Ex

tens

ion

desc

ribe

the

●

appa

rent

m

ovem

ent o

f the

Su

n ac

ross

the

sky

and

the

patt

ern

in

the

chan

ging

ap

pear

ance

of t

he

Moo

n

desc

ribe

the

●

posi

tion

of th

e Ea

rth

in re

latio

n to

th

e po

sitio

n of

ot

her b

odie

s in

the

Sola

r Sys

tem

and

us

e th

is to

exp

lain

so

me

phen

omen

a

reco

gnis

e th

at

●

astr

onom

y an

d sp

ace

scie

nce

prov

ide

evid

ence

ab

out t

he S

olar

Sy

stem

appl

y m

odel

s and

●

use

scie

ntifi

c da

ta

to e

xpla

in th

e re

lativ

e m

ovem

ent

of th

e ce

lest

ial

bodi

es in

the

sola

r sy

stem

desc

ribe

how

●

astr

onom

y an

d sp

ace

scie

nce

prov

ide

evid

ence

of

the

sola

r sys

tem

an

d ga

laxy

expl

ain

som

e

●

met

hods

use

d to

ex

plor

e th

e so

lar

syst

em a

nd g

alax

y (b

oth

from

the

Eart

h an

d fr

om

Spac

e)

expl

ain

how

the

●

elec

trom

agne

tic

spec

trum

can

in

form

the

stud

y th

e st

ars i

n ou

r ga

laxy

(and

un

iver

se)

eval

uate

the

●

avai

labl

e ev

iden

ce

and

expl

ain

why

it

favo

urs a

n ex

pand

ing

univ

erse

as t

he

curr

ent c

onse

nsus

m

odel

expl

ain,

usi

ng

●

avai

labl

e ev

iden

ce a

nd

mod

els o

f the

un

iver

se, w

hy th

e ul

timat

e fa

te o

f the

un

iver

se is

diffi

cult

to

pred

ict

Science Framework Learning Objectives

Documents