Science, behind social revolutions: what’s next? Quantum technology, by Javier Prior (UPCT)

Science, behind social revolutions:

what’s next? Quantum technology

Javier Prior

Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Quantum Many Body Systems’s group

MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013

Brief history of Humanity


Sadi Carnot

1796/1832

James Joule

1818/1889

James Watt

1736/1819

Thermodynamics


Industrial revolution

Robert E. Lucas, Nobel Prize winner in economics science, "For the first time in

history, the living standards of the masses of ordinary people have begun to

undergo sustained growth ... Nothing remotely like this economic behavior is

mentioned by the classical economists, even as a theoretical possibility.”


























Nicolas Otto

1832/1891

Rudolf Diesel

1858/1913

Thermodynamics


Nicolas Otto

1832/1891

Rudolf Diesel

1858/1913

German car industry


Nicolas Otto

1832/1891

Rudolf Diesel

1858/1913

German car industry


Michael Faraday

1791/1867

James Maxwell

1831/1879

Electromagnetism

Thomas Edison

1847/1931


XX century revolution












Max Planck

1858/1947

Quantum physics

Erwin Schrodinger

1887/1961

Richard Feynman

1918/1988


Computational power

Communication capacity

Space/Time Measurement precision

Energy efficiency 1.6% p.a. on average at the world level between 1990 and 2006

Exponential Growth in Technology


Measurement of time gains in precision exponentially



Essen & Parry @ National Physical Laboratory 1955











Computer grow faster exponentially



Kelvin’s tide predictor 1872




Z3 Zuse 1941




Z3 Zuse 1941

Wilkes EDSAC 1949




Wilkes EDSAC 1949

Z3 Zuse 1941

Commodore 64




Wilkes EDSAC 1949

Z3 Zuse 1941

Commodore 64


cm

A

Quantum technology

Quantum Noise

mm

nm

Components grow smaller exponentially


Components grow smaller exponentially


Secret Communication



KEY 0 0 1 0 1 1 0

?

KEY 0 0 1 0 1 1 0

miles away

How to establish key that only Alice and Bob know ?





Quantum World:

Charles’s measurement of

quantum signal causes

perturbation and can be

detected.



Zeilinger Space Quest

Gisin


Wave-particle duality

Intensity

Time

High intensity:


Intensity

Time

High intensity:



Intensity

Time

High intensity:



Intensity

Time

High intensity:



Clicks

Time

Low intensity:

Light comes in little portions Photons



Clicks

Time

Clicks

Time



Clicks

Time

Clicks

Time

?



Clicks

Time

Clicks

Time

Photons can be in superposition

Interference





Clicks

Time

Clicks

Time



Take home messages:

When measured quantum systems exhibit particle character

When evolving freely quantum systems exhibit wave character

Measurements that acquire information, inevitably destroy

coherence and perturb the quantum systems.



Typical spatial scale [m]

10 -11 10 -10 10 -9 10 -8 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -2

10 -2

10 -3

10 -4

10 -6

10 -8

10 -12

10 -14

10 -1

Typ

ica

l ti

me

sca

le [

s]


10 -11 10 -10 10 -9 10 -8 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -2

10 -2

10 -3

10 -4

10 -6

10 -8

10 -12

10 -14

10 -1

Typ

ica

l ti

me

sca

le [

s]

Function

Quantum Classical

?

Tools

© Vaziri

Hierachies in Biology: From classical to quantum world

Can quantum

coherence be

relevant for

biological function?

Requires tools for

studying biological

structure and

function at

unprecedented

spatial and temporal

resolution



10 -11 10 -10 10 -9 10 -8 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -2

10 -2

10 -3

10 -4

10 -6

10 -8

10 -12

10 -14

10 -1

Typ

ica

l ti

me

sca

le [

s]


10 -11 10 -10 10 -9 10 -8 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -2

10 -2

10 -3

10 -4

10 -6

10 -8

10 -12

10 -14

10 -1

Typ

ica

l ti

me

sca

le [

s]

Function

Quantum Classical

?

Tools

© Vaziri

Hierachies in Biology: From classical to quantum world

Can quantum

coherence be

relevant for

biological function?

Requires tools for

studying biological

structure and

function at

unprecedented

spatial and temporal

resolution


Photosynthesis


Photosynthesis


Photosynthesis


Photosynthesis


Photosynthesis


Photosynthesis

Charge separation

Electrons for chemistry

Ex

cito

n t

ransp

ort

Chlorosome

RC

Exciton

FMO BChl

a

1

2

3 4

7

6

5

Water soluble

Crystal structure

Transport time ~ 5-6 ps

Fenna-Matthews-Olsen complex

RC

Exciton

FMO BChl

a

1

2

3 4

7

6

5

Water soluble

Crystal structure

Transport time ~ 5-6 ps

e -

Exciton

Pigment-

Protein

complex

Reaction

centre

Chromophore

(pigment)

Antenna Photon

Fenna-Matthews-Olsen complex

Panitchayangkoon et al. PNAS 107:29

(2010)

Long-lasting coherences in FMO

Inter-exciton coherence times > 1.8 ps (77K)

0.6 ps (277K)

Room temperature coherences

Higher plants (LHCII) -

Calhoun et al. J. Phys. Chem. B, 113 (51), 2009

Marine algae -

Collini et al. Nature 463, 644-647 2010

How are inter-exciton coherences protected?

Ground-exciton coherence times < 150 fs


(2010)



0.6 ps (277K)




Marine algae -





(2010)



0.6 ps (277K)




Marine algae -




Environmental interactions

|i>

|g>

E


J

Uncorrelated

Fluctuations

|g>

|i2>

|g>

|i1>


J

Uncorrelated

Fluctuations

|g>

|i2>

|g>

|i1>



0.6 ps (277K)



Javier Prior, Alex Chin, et al. Phys. Rev. Lett.

105, 050404, (2010).

Alex Chin, Javier Prior, et al. Nature Physics

9, 113 (2013).


Can we improve solar cells

based on this idea ?

More generally: Adding the right kind of noise, to the right kind

of nano-structure can improve its performance.

Conclusions


Thanks

Javier Prior

Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Quantum Many Body Systems’s group

Funded by:

http://www.mineco.gob.es/

Science, behind social revolutions: what’s next? Quantum technology, by Javier Prior (UPCT)

Education

measurement of time

century revolution

economics science

sustained growth

nobel prize winner

living standards

industrial revolutionrobert

masses of ordinary people