Science at Royal Alexandra and Albert School - Homescienceraas.weebly.com/.../6/1/26618560/physics_long_a…  · Web viewOne theory of the origin of the Universe was that billions

Dartford Grammar SchoolGCSE Physics

Long Answer Exam Booklet

Name:____________

Class:_____________

Teacher:___________

Jan 2013 P1 Higher

Jan 2013 P1 Higher

Jan 2013 P2 Higher

Jan 2013 P2 Higher

June 2012 P1 Higher

June 2012 P1 Higher

June 2012 P1 Higher

June 2012 P2 Higher

Jan 2012 P1 Higher

Jan 2012 P1 Higher

P1 Specimen

P1 Specimen

P1 Specimen

P2 Specimen

Specimen P2

P2 Specimen

Specimen P3

P3 Specimen

P3 Specimen

E-AQA P1 Questions

Q1. (a) Scientific research carried out in 13 countries has tried to find out if there are any links between using a mobile phone and developing different types of cancer.

About 13 000 people, half with cancer and half in good health, were interviewed about their mobile phone use.

(i) Suggest why people in good health were interviewed.

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(1)

(ii) Interviewing 13 000 people gave the researchers a large sample size.

Give one advantage, in any research project, of having a large sample size rather than a small sample size.

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(1)

(b) The following information was included in a newspaper article about the research project.

• It may be difficult to prove there is a link simply by asking people how much they use a mobile phone. People’s memories are not always accurate.

• Scientists in Israel found that people who use a mobile phone a lot are 50% more likely to develop a cancer on the salivary gland just in front of the ears.

• The cost of the research, £20 million, has been partly paid for by mobile phone companies.

• No children were included in the research.

(i) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the following sentence.

Using children in scientific research raises

environmental

ethical

social

issues.

(1)

(ii) Suggest two reasons why some people are concerned that the research was partly paid for by mobile phone companies.

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(2)

(iii) In Germany, mobile phones that emit very low levels of radiation are marked with a special symbol.

Explain why low emission mobile phones should be marked in this way.

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(2)

(Total 7 marks)

Q2. The picture shows one type of solar water heater. Water from the tank is slowly pumped through copper pipes inside the solar panel where the water is heated by energy from the Sun.

(a) Explain why the copper pipes inside the solar panel are painted black.

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(2)

(b) Each day the average European family uses 100 kg of hot water.To kill bacteria, the water going into the tank at 20 °C must be heated to 60 °C.

Calculate the energy needed to increase the temperature of 100 kg of water by 40 °C.

Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J/kg °C.

Write down the equation you use, and then show clearly how you work out your answer.

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Energy transferred = .................................... J

(2)

(c) The bar chart shows how the amount of solar energy transferred to the water heater varies throughout the year.

How many months each year will there not be enough solar energy to provide the hot water used by an average European family?

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(1)

(d) In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.

The water in the tank could be heated by using an electric immersion heater.

Outline the advantages and disadvantages of using solar energy to heat the water rather than using an electric immersion heater.

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(6)

(Total 11 marks)

Q3. Describe, in as much detail as you can, how the energy stored in coal is transferred into electrical energy in a power station.

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(Total 5 marks)

Q4. Describe, in as much detail as you can:

• the evidence that the size of the observable Universe is changing;

• the evidence that, billions of years ago, all the matter in the Universe was tightly packed together in the same place.

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(Total 5 marks)

Q5. Antarctica is a huge land mass surrounding the Earth’s south pole. It is covered in a very thick layer of ice and is the only remaining large area of the Earth’s surface that has not been affected very much by humans.

There are, however, teams of scientists from various countries studying Antarctica. These scientists need electricity for lighting, for their computers and other scientific instruments and to communicate, via satellite, with the rest of the world. The temperature in Antarctica is always sub-zero, so the scientists need some way of keeping their buildings warm. They also need fuel to be able to get around on their snowmobiles.

Scientists cannot avoid affecting the environment. However, they want to affect it as little as possible.

Atmospheric pollution produced in one country eventually affects the whole of the Earth’s atmosphere. The hole that appears each year in the ozone layer above Antarctica, for example, is mainly caused by pollutants such as CFCs from countries in the northern half of the Earth.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using the following energy sources to meet the scientists’ needs:

• solar energy

• energy from the wind

• natural gas (present in large quantities deep down in the Antarctic land mass)

• diesel oil (which would have to be imported)

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(Total 10 marks)

E-AQA P2 Questions

Q1. (a) The diagrams represent three atoms, X, Y and Z.

Which of these atoms are isotopes of the same element?

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Give a reason for your answer.

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(2)

(b) In a star, nuclei of atom X join to form nuclei of atom Y.

Complete the sentences.

The process by which nuclei join to form a larger nucleus is called

nuclear .................................................... .

This is the process by which a star releases ............................................... .

(2)

(c) In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.

A star goes through a lifecycle.

Describe the lifecycle of a star like the Sun.

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(6)

(Total 10 marks)

Q2. Stars do not stay the same forever.

(a) Over billions of years the amount of hydrogen in a star decreases. Why?

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(1)

(b) Describe how a massive star (at least five times bigger than the Sun) will change at the end of the main stable period.

To gain full marks in this question you should write your ideas in good English. Put them into a sensible order and use the correct scientific words.

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(4)

(c) The inner planets of the solar system contain atoms of the heaviest elements.

(i) Where did these atoms come from?

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(1)

(ii) What does this tell us about the age of the solar system compared with many of the stars in the Universe?

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(1)

(Total 7 marks)

Q3. One theory of the origin of the Universe was that billions of years ago all matter was in one place, then it exploded (‘big bang’).Describe, in as much detail as you can, how our star (the Sun) formed from the time when there was just dust and gas (mostly hydrogen) up to now when it is in its main stable period.

To gain full marks in this question you should write your ideas in good English. Put them into a sensible order and use the correct scientific words.

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(Total 5 marks)

Q4. The Sun at the centre of our solar system is a star.

(a) The Sun contains nuclei of the heaviest elements. Atoms of these heaviest elements are also present in the planets of the solar system. What does this suggest about the material from which the solar system is formed?

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(1)

(b) Stars form from gas (mostly hydrogen) and dust.

Describe, in as much detail as you can, what forces allow a stable star to exist and how the star may eventually form a black hole.

To gain full marks in this question you should write your ideas in good English. Put them into a sensible order and use the correct scientific words.

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(6)

(Total 7 marks)

Q5. Describe, in as much detail as you can, the life history of a star like our Sun.

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(Total 6 marks)

E-AQA P3 Questions

Q1. In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.

The diagrams show a relay switch and how it is used in a car ignition circuit.

Turning the ignition key closes the ignition switch.Explain how this causes the starter motor to operate.

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(Total 6 marks)

Q2. (a) The diagram shows a lifebelt. It is hanging freely from hook Y.

(i) On the diagram, mark with an X the point where you think the centre of mass of the lifebelt will be.

(1)

(ii) Explain why you have chosen this point.

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(2)

(b) The drawing shows Susan on a diving board. She is 1.5 metres from point P and she weighs 500 N.

Calculate her moment (turning effect) about point P.Show clearly how you work out your answer and give the unit.

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Moment about P = ................................................

(3)

(c) Susan has a case with wheels.

When she packs this case, she puts the heaviest items at the end where the wheels are.This means that the heaviest items are less likely to crush the other contents and it helps her to find things when she opens the case.

Explain another advantage of packing her case in this way.

To gain full marks in this question you should write your ideas in good English. Put them into a sensible order and use the correct scientific words.

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(4)

(Total 10 marks)

Q3. A fault in an electrical circuit can cause too great a current to flow.Some circuits are switched off by a circuit breaker.

One type of circuit breaker is shown above. A normal current is flowing.Explain, in full detail, what happens when a current which is bigger than normal flows.

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(Total 4 marks)

Q4. Circuit breakers help to make the electricity supply in homes safer.A circuit breaker is an automatic safety switch. It cuts off the current if it gets too big.

Describe, in as much detail as you can, how this circuit breaker works.

To gain full marks in this question you should write your ideas in good English. Put them into a sensible order and use the correct scientific words.

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(Total 6 marks)