Science, Alchemy, Astronomy, and the Ancients

8/14/2019 Science, Alchemy, Astronomy, and the Ancients

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2/25


3/25

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bmta{wbcowblm& ofkea`r& omg o{w~lflcr Bm wea `bggfa c~lmg

nawsaam `r{wbkb{` omg ~ao{lm& {ak~aw{ onlw mow~a o~a ~ataofag


4/25

Wea _a{wblm


5/25

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glsmflogag wl bw off ld eòm jmlsfagca& weam yw dl~so~g wea

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wl n~bmc rl onlw& l~ okwblm{ nlmg wl wea w~mbmc ld yfomaw{

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Hfbom rao~{& bm wea [lwebk Krkfa

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lurcam omg mbw~lcam& omg {l dl~we Atamwoffr wea {wo~{ òga

{bfbklm& yel{yel~{& omg nl~lm& sebke offls dl~ bmwac~owag

kb~kbw~r& wea no{b{ ld sebke òja{ à dmkwblm


6/25

Yl{bwbta wrya {bfbklm b{ òga nr glybmc {bfbklm& wea òbm afaàmw

ld {omg& sbwe wea afaàmw nl~lm Macowbta wrya {bfbklm b{ òga nr

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`r kb~kbw~r

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yel{yel~{& omg sa gbtbga weow ~a{fw nr wea `lfo~ ò{{ ld{bfbklm

Ea nacom s~bwbmc lm yoya~8

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eafbokof ~b{bmc ld [b~b{


7/25

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ya~dakw kb~kfa& {l sa kom {a k0>~ wl kofkfowa wea gb{womka wea

ao~we cla{ o~lmg wea {m bm o rao~ Wea ao~we l~nbwof ~ogb{ b{ lm

wea ota~oca ?721232A5 jbflàwa~{& {l

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atlfwblm sl~j{ Wea{a wsl yoya~{ sa~a ynfb{eag o fbwwfa odwa~ wea

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rao~ {bmka l~ 7&>7> NK& bm bw{ hl~mar o~lmg wea {m Wea{a

yoya~{ o~a ow wea eao~w ld seow rl omg B o~a


8/25

Bd rl~ qa{wblm b{ {elfg ~lnlw{ ~ayfoka eòm{& webmj ld bw `l~a

o{ sa o~a wea mauw {way bm eòm atlfwblm& mlw o ~ayfokaàmw& sa

sa~a òga bm rl~ bòca& nw mlw wl ~aqb~a dllg l~ ob~& omg sa

kom sbwe{womg wa`ya~ow~a auw~aà{ Sa webmj omg eota oso~ama{{

ld l~ nabmc& omg sa kom òja wea flmc tlroca wl wea {wo~{ Bwslfg {aa` bw b{ y wl { wl dbc~a lw ser rl sa~a wea wllf{ wl

n~bmc { onlw& omg ser sa o~a om mdlfgbmc ld wea mbta~{a bm

sebke rl sa~a o {way bm eo~`lmr sbwe bw{ bmma~ sl~jbmc{ d~l` wea

dl~òwblm ld wea {wo~{& weab~ yl{bwblm{ omg oyyo~amw n~bcewma{{ omg

wea {ybmmbmc ld wea ao~we omg bw{ `lwblm o~lmg wea {m


9/25

Wea @aawbmc


10/25

^bkj Yowwa~{lm& c~aawag Hlem @l~~b{lm& Klà bm Hlem& {bw glsm

Ea klmwbmag& Nadl~a rl waff à seow rl eota clw& B slfg h{w

fbja wl ~a`bmg rl& web{ b{ o kfo{{bdbag y~lhakw Bd sl~g clw lw wea

clta~màmw so{ ~a{ao~kebmc mas oca omg >9?> sa slfg fl{a offk~agbnbfbwr& o{ `ke o{ sa& lm wea lwea~ eomg& eota wl woja

ata~rwebmc {a~bl{fr

Hlem om{sa~ag& B mga~{womg& bd web{ amgbmc ld o Mowbta Oà~bkom

kofamgo~ krkfa n~lcew onlw wea mas sl~fg wear kfob` wl na

kl`bmc& wea lma wea Mas Oca {yaoj{ ld o{ om afatowag klffakwbta

klm{kbl{ma{{& omg sa w~mag lw wl na bm wea go~j& bw klfg na

a`no~~o{{bmc

Hlem klmwbmag& Faw à caw lm sbwe bw B nacom sbwe Acryw Wea

Mas Oca `ltaàmw b{ wbag y bm web{ fomg& sebke eo{ ofsor{ eog o

c~aow `r{wbqa o{{lkbowag sbwe bw Sa woja wea {b`yfa{w

dmgoàmwof mbw& wea aqbfowa~of w~bomcfa Bw b{ lma ld wea we~aa

~acfo~ {eoya{ weow wa{{affowa Weow b{& aqof omcfag& aqof {bgag

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o~a wea {qo~a omg ~acfo~ eauoclm Bd sa g~os bm wea ofwbwga ld{ke o w~bomcfa& sa k~aowa omcfa{ lm abwea~ {bga ld bw ow wea oyau&

sebke o~a ld ào{~a ;9 gac~aa{ aoke Kob~l& Acryw omg wea C~aow

Yr~o`bg& dl~ off y~okwbkof y~yl{a{ o~a ow o fowbwga ld yf{ ;9

gac~aa{

^bkj flljag ow eb`& omg {obg& Cllg yfoka wl {wo~w Hlem Gbg bw cl

omrsea~a


11/25

^bkj om{sa~ag& C~aow& sa o~a mls {làsea~a bm wea Ml~wesa{w

Omrwebmc yakfbo~ wl weow ~acblm gac~aa{ D"& {l B n~lcew bm omlwea~

dokwl~& ow`l{yea~bk y~a{{~a [ao fataf eo{ wea ebcea{w ow`l{yea~bk

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y lm rl

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weow lkk~ ow {womgo~g wa`ya~ow~a omg y~a{{~a [womgo~g

wa`ya~ow~a b{ wea wa`ya~ow~a ow sebke sowa~ d~aaxa{& l~ naklà{

bka bm lwea~ sl~g{& omg& {womgo~g y~a{{~a b{ lma ow`l{yea~a& l~ wea

y~a{{~a weow lkk~{ ow {ao fataf

B mga~{womg Hlem& {l rl `ltag y wea L~aclm klo{w fbma mwbf

rl dlmg wea wlsm sea~a ;> gac~aa{ D lkk~~ag `l{w d~aqamwfr

Ra{ ^bkj& omg `r db~{w ca{{ so{ Wbffo`llj& L~aclm Dbmoffr B

samw o fbwwfa ml~we ld wea~a wl wea {òff db{ebmc wlsm ld Maeofa`&

omg nbmcl& o~lmg wea~a Bm weow o~ao wea ota~oca sbmwa~ fls b{ wea

d~aaxbmc wa`ya~ow~a ld sowa~


12/25

Hlem klmwbmag& Web{ jbmg ld webmjbmc clw à webmjbmc onlw lwea~

b`yl~womw wa`ya~ow~a{ B ota~ocag wea ml~òf eòm nlgr

wa`ya~ow~a ;3 gac~aa{ Kaf{b{& sbwe wea d~aaxbmc wa`ya~ow~a ld

sowa~& sebke o~a xa~l gac~aa{ Kaf{b{ Weow b{& dlmg wea yfoka

nawsaam wea wsl& sebke b{ {b`yfr ;3 gbtbgag nr >& sebke aqof{?51 gac~aa{ Kaf{b{ B nacom webmjbmc web{ o namadbkbof ota~oca

lta~ o rao~ dl~ c~lsbmc webmc{ Oc~bkfw~offr& lma ld wea c~aowa{w

y~lgka~{ ld& saff& y~lgka& b{ Ml~wea~m Kamw~of Kofbdl~mbo B

dbmoffr dlmg web{ ommof ota~oca wa`ya~ow~a wl aub{w bm âg Nfdd&

Kofbdl~mbo o~ao dl~ om ota~oca lta~ wea yo{w {atamwr rao~{& sebke b{

bm Ml~wea~m Kamw~of Kofbdl~mbo

^bkj h`yag bm& Cllg sl~j Hlem& off sa maag b{ o web~g ylbmw omgsa kom amkfl{a om o~ao sbwe o w~bomcfa

Hlem bmwa~~ywag& Weow b{ auokwfr seow B gbg Jmlsbmc wea {wowa

ln{a~towl~r& Ybma @lmwobm Ln{a~towl~r& b{ kfl{a{w wl wea kbwr

Namg& L~aclm& omg mlw do~ d~l` bw& B kel{a Namg Namg b{ mao~fr wea

fo{w kbwr bm L~aclm bd rl w~otaf ao{w d~l` wea toffar omg lta~ wea

Ko{koga `lmwobm ~omca omg eaog ao{w we~lce wea ebce ga{a~w

^bkj {obg& Bmwa~a{wbmc& seow gbg rl dbmg9?>


13/25

Hlem oggag& Omg wea~a o~a atam flgca{ wea~a& o~lmg wea foja


14/25

Wea

Klmta~{owblm


15/25

Wsl n~lwea~{& lma om ofkea`b{w wea lwea~ om o{w~lmlà~& àw dl~

fmke Wea sobwa~ {obg wl wea`& ^bcew web{ sor& o wonfa dl~ wsl

[rgmar& wea o{w~lmlà~& {obg Weomj rl& ôfye& wea ofkea`b{w

{obg wl [rgmar& Rl glmw `bmg bd B {bw nr wea sbmgls

[rgmar {obg& Mlw ow off& odwa~ off rl eota ofsor{ {obg B o` bm wea

go~j

ôfye om{sa~ag& Ra{& off ld weow ~ao{lm& omg {jaywbkb{`& faota{ ml

~ll` dl~ bmwbwblm

Wear nlwe {ow glsm

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eota eog wl gl o fbwwfa o{w~lml`bkof ~a{ao~ke wl gatafly bw O{ rl

jmls& B mga~{womg wea y~bmkbyfa{ ld kea`b{w~r& o{ om ofkea`b{w&

nw wea gbdda~amka b{ B o` mlw glbmc {kbamka sbwe bw& nw o` clbmc

we~lce o y~lka{{ ld {yb~bwof gataflyàmw seam B `bu kea`bkof{&

rl lm wea lwea~ eomg gl auya~bàmw{ wl nbfg o nlgr ld

jmlsfagca weow `bcew na {ag wl {yyl~w o erylwea{b{ onlwmow~a

[rgmar om{sa~ag Ra{& omg o{ om o{w~lmlà~ B mga~{womg

kea`b{w~r& ser glmw rl o{ om ofkea`b{w& {wgr o{w~lflcr


16/25

ôfye yw wea qa{wblm wl eb`& Cofouba{ o~a klffakwblm{ ld {wo~{

weow dl~àg lw ld cbomw co{ kflg{& omg yfomaw{ o~a {yea~bkof

ò{{a{ weow dl~` o~lmg {wo~{ Wea {wo~{ o~a ta~r do~ oyo~w& omg weayfomaw{ l~nbw kfl{a bmwl wea {wo~{& wea {wo~{ o~a auw~aàfr do~ oyo~w&

nw wea {wo~{ omg weab~ yfomaw{ o~a mlw& b{ weow ~bcew?! lurcam Sa kom w~aow nlwe o{ gbowl`bk

`lfakfa{ Wea `lfo~ ò{{ ld mbw~lcam co{ %M>" b{ >%?79?" omgwea `lfo~ ò{{ ld lurcam co{ %L>" b{ >%?499" [l& %omg ea s~lwa

lm o moyjbm"8

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cbta{8

KL> 0 %?>9?" * >%?499" 0 779?

Wea ota~oca l~nbwof gb{womka ld ò~{ d~l` wea {m kl`yo~ag wl

wea ota~oca l~nbwof gb{womka ld wea ao~we d~l` wea {m b{ ?1 omg

779? gbtbgag nr >51314 b{ ?1& l~ ;,> bm lwea~ sl~g{ B{ seow web{

{or{ b{ weow& wea ò~{-{m gb{womka b{ wl wea ao~we-{m gb{womka o{

ò~wbom ob~ b{ wl ao~we ob~

[rgmar {obg& Bmwa~a{wbmc& nw o fbwwfa `r{wbkof dl~ à

ôfye {obg& @orna bw sbff {lmg o fbwwfa fa{{ `r{wbkof bd B {els rl

`l~a

[rgmar {obg& Cl lm& B slfg fbja wl {aa bw

ôfye {obg& LJ& ea~a b{ seow B eota clw Wea ao~we ow`l{yea~a

so{ lmka `l{wfr ko~nlm gblubga %KL>" fbja wea ò~{ ow`l{yea~a b{

wlgor& mwbf yfomw fbda koà oflmc omg {wo~wag klmta~wbmc wea ko~nlm

gblubga bmwl lurcam& {bmc fbcew d~l` wea {m omg bm wea y~lka{{

òjbmc wea `l{w dmgoàmwof {co~& cfkl{a %sebke b{ ow wea

nlwwl` ld wea dllg keobm" O y~lka{{ koffag yelwl{rmwea{b{


19/25

[rgmar om{sa~ag& LJ& B o` ml nblflcb{w& nw bw {lmg{ cllg wl

à

ôfye klmwbmag& Saff cfkl{a b{ K4E?>L4& sebke cbta{ o `lfo~

ò{{ ld& %omg ea s~lwa lm wea moyjbm"8

K4E?>L4 0 4%?>9?" * ?>%?995" * 4%?499" 0 ?59?4

Omg sowa~ %E>L" klta~{ `l{w ld ao~we omg b{ a{{amwbof wl fbda& bw{

`lfo~ ò{{ b{8

E>L 0 >%?995" * %?499" 0 ?59?4

?59?4 gbtbgag nr ?59?4 b{ onlw ?9 omg wea ao~we b{ onlw ?9

wbà{ o{ ò{{bta o{ ò~{ Weow b{& cfkl{a b{ wl sowa~ o{ wea ao~we b{

wl ò~{

[rgmar {obg& B glmw jmls& wea~a eo{ wl na {là {l~w ld

auyfomowblm& wea dl~òwblm ld wea {lfo~ {r{wa` b{ kl`yfbkowag omg

ebcefr weal~awbkof Wea{a ~afowbta ò{{a{ {l~wbmc wea`{afta{ lw

fbja web{ `{w eota {làwebmc wl gl sbwe wea grmo`bk{ ldklmgam{owblm omg omcfo~ `làmw` Webmj ld o nkjaw ld {wlma{&

yannfa{& omg {omg nabmc {smc bm o kb~kfa nr o ~lya wbag wl wea

eomgfa Wea kamw~byawof dl~ka {amg{ wea `l~a ò{{bta {wlma{ wl wea

nlwwl` ld wea nkjaw& wea fbcewa~ {omg ~a{w{ lm wly& sbwe wea yannfa{

bm nawsaam

ôfye n~lja bm& L~ eòm ga{wbmr b{ wbag y bm wea {w~kw~a ld

mow~a


20/25

WEA

GB[KQ[[BLM


21/25

Eb D~omj& weomj{ dl~ òjbmc bw glsm ea~a& B ~aoffr oyy~akbowa rl

yffbmc osor d~l` rl~ sl~j ow wea ln{a~towl~r B o` {l cfog rl

klfg caw glsm ea~a {l qbkj& sa ~aoffr maag om o{w~lmlà~& omg B

webmj seow B o` clbmc wl {els rl sbff eota òga rl~ tb{bw

sl~wesebfa

D~omj o{jag& Seow gl rl eota Homa&199 wl ;999

rao~{ lfg Bw {aa`{ wl na o{w~lflcbkof& B elya rl n~lcew oflmc lma

ld rl~ eomgnllj{ ld o{w~lml`r omg o{w~lyer{bk{ sbwe rl fbja Bo{jag

D~omj {obg& Ra{ B gbg& kom B {aa wea òm{k~byw web{ rao~& dl~ wea namadbw ld weab~ fbda odwa~ web{ sl~fg

omg dl~ weab~ y~l{ya~bwr bm y~a{amw wbà{ Web{ bmtlfta{ {bmc `r

jmlsfagca ld wea eaotam{& o{ sa nafbata l~ ga{wbmba{ kom na ~aog

bm wea {wo~{& omg sa jmls wea {ao{lm{ o~a ~afowag wl wea yl{bwblm{ ld

wea {wo~{& {m& `llm omg yfomaw{

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ao~we& weab~ {ayo~owblm& omg& l~{ sbwe wea {m& cbtam seow B nafbata

wear `{w na d~l` `r klmmakwblm sbwe gbtbma ga{bcm Weow b{ webmc{

`{w na o ka~wobm sor cbtam wea k~aowl~ slfg lmfr òja mow~a

okkl~gbmc wl weow& sebke b{ gbtbma


22/25

Om auo`yfa ld web{ b{ wea `llm kom ~b{a bm wea ao{w dff lma mbcew&

gb`bmb{e bm {bxa aoke mbcew ~b{bmc fowa~& mwbf bw gb{oyyao~{& omg

weam {wo~w{ c~lsbmc mwbf bw b{ dff ocobm& bm krkfa{ weow fo{w onlw

web~wr gor{ Lm wea lwea~ eomg o{ wea {ao{lm{ cl d~l` klfg& wl

so~à~& weam wl elw& omg kllfa~ ocobm omg nokj wl klfg& wea {m`lta{ ok~l{{ wea {jr d~l` {lwe wl ml~we& omg nokj wl {lwe ocobm&

bm o krkfa weow fo{w{ onlw ;41 gor{

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gor krkfa{ ld wea `llm Wsafta b{ wl `r yalyfa wea `l{w b`yl~womw

m`na~& bw b{ > {bu wbà{& ; dl~ wbà{

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{lwe ocobm


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D~omj dbmb{eag ~aogbmc omg {obg wl Homa& Saff Homa& B sbff s~bwa

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{lyeb{wbkowag òwe kommlw y~agbkw weab~ tofa{& atam ~aoffr na

`lgafag okk~owafr sbwe kl`ywa~{


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Homa {obg& Eb{ ~ata~amka dl~ wea m`na~ ?> dl~ wea ~ao{lm{ ea {obg&

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b{ seow sl~j{& omg bw òr na weow seow sl~j{ b{ seow sa {aa o{afacomw


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Science, Alchemy, Astronomy, and the Ancients

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