science 6th Units 1 & 2 by Inés Rubín

UNIT 1 OUR HEALTHUNIT 1 OUR HEALTH

Health is a state of complete physical , mental and social wellbeing

Illness is the oposite of health . Illnesses and diseases change the functions of our bodies .

HEALTHY HABITSHEALTHY HABITS

-A balanced diet - Keeping a meal

routine - Good hygiene - Enough rest - Breathing clean air - Physical exercise

DISEASESDISEASES

Diseases classified into two groups :

- Infectious diseases : can be :

- Contagious - Non contagious - Non infectious

diseases

PATHOGENS PATHOGENS

-Bronchitis : it affects respiratory system . Its symptons are coughing a high fever and general disconfort .

-Salmonellosis : affects the digestive system . It symptons are diarrhea , vomiting , abdominal pain, and fever .

- Bacterial meningitis : it affects the nervous system.

VIRUSESVIRUSES

A virus is not a living thing , but it needs living cells to carry out its life processes.

Viruses cause many diseases like the flu , herpes , some types of hepatitis and AIDS .

PREVENTING INFECTIOUS PREVENTING INFECTIOUS DISEASESDISEASES

Pathogenic microorganisms enter our bodies in three diferent ways :

-Through the respiratory system

- Through the digestive system

-Through wounds .

PREVENTING INFECTIOUSPREVENTING INFECTIOUS

We can prevent infectious if we :

-Disinfect wounds . -Wash your hands before

eating . -Avoid sharing and eating

utensils . - Avoid walking barefoot

in swiming pools

VACCINESVACCINES

A vaccine is when a doctor introduces a pathogenic microorganism in your organism that causes a disease into a healthy body . This microorganism can be dead or inactive.

Vaccines help our bodies react against infections.

TREATMENT OF TREATMENT OF INFECTIONSINFECTIONS

-Infections caused by bacteria are treated with antibiotics .

-Infections caused by fungi are treated with antifungal medicines .

-Infections caused by viruses . We can only treat them with medications that help reduce symptons.

UNIT 2 SENSITIVITY AND UNIT 2 SENSITIVITY AND COORDINATIONCOORDINATION

A stimulus is anything that affects any of the body’s activities.

There are two types of stimuli :

- Internal . They come from inside our bodies

like the feelings of hunger or thirst .

- External . These come from outside the body ,like the smell of a cake .

STIMULI RECEPTORS STIMULI RECEPTORS

- Internal receptors . They receive the internal stimuli our bodies produce .

- External receptors They receive external stimuli . They are in the sensory organs .

RESPONSESRESPONSES

-Muscular responses . These are movements the muscles make in a response to a stimulus.

- Glandular responses. These are when glands produce various subtances in a respon-se to a stimulus .

THE SENSESTHE SENSES

-SIGHT When light reaches the

eyeball, it goes through the cornea . Then it goes through the pupil then passes through the lens which focuses the image on the retina .The information gathered by the retina travels to the brain through the optic nerve.

HEARINGHEARING

The ear is the body’s organ for the sense of hearing .The ear has three parts.

-The outer ear. It is made up of the ear and the outer auditory canal .

-The middle ear . It is made up of the eardrum and a chain of small bones .

-The inner ear . It is made up of the cochlea and the auditory nerve .

TOUCHTOUCH

The body`s organ for the sense of touch is the skin . The skin is made up of three layers :

-Epidermis . It is the outer layer .

-Dermis . It is under de epidermis.

-Hypodermis . It is undr the dermis .

SMELLSMELL

The organ for the sense of smell is the nose . Receptors of smell are in the pituitary .

TASTE TASTE

The organ for the sense of taste is the tongue . Receptors for different flavours are in the taste buds , and this are salty , bitter sour and sweet .

THE CENTRAL NERVOUS THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMSYSTEM

It has two parts : -Brain . It is inside the

skull . It has three main parts : the cerebrum , the cerebellum and the brain stem

-Spinal cord . It is a thick cord made up of many neurons that goes through the inside of the spine . It is protected by vertebrae

THE PERIPHERAL THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM NERVOUS SYSTEM

It is made up of : -Sensory nerves .They

transmit information from the sensory organs and internal organs to the central nervous system .

-Motor nerves . They transmit responses from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands of our bodies .

NEURONSNEURONS

Neurons are cells that belong to the nervous system . They are made up of three parts: of a cell body , dentrites and axons

VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS

Nerves carry sensory information to the brain , which produces a response that moves through the motor nerves that transmit them to the muscles.

INVOLUNTARY INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTSMOVEMENTS

The spinal cord controls the body´s reflexes which are involuntary