SCIENCE 1206 – UNIT 2 CHEMISTRY November – January 2010
SCIENCE 1206 – UNIT 2
CHEMISTRYNovember – January 2010
UNIT OUTLINE CHEMISTRY TERMINOLOGY
◦ GENERAL TERMS
◦ PERIODIC TABLE
BOHR DIAGRAMS
ATOMS versus IONS
NAMING COMPOUNDS◦ IONIC, MOLECULAR, ACIDS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS◦ BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
◦ 5 TYPES of REACTIONS
IMPORTANT TO KNOW . . .
You will get a PERIODIC TABLE!!!
It is your best friend for this unit!
You will need it each and every day.
Take care of it, cherish it, appreciate it!
In other words, do not leave it in a crumpled mess at the base of your locker or bookbag
LINK
LINK 2
CHEMISTRY TERMINOLOGY
MATTER
◦ DEFINITION:
Anything that has mass and volume (takes up space).
◦ What is not matter?
Energy
◦ In chemistry, we often discuss microscopic matter,
such as atoms, ions, elements, and compounds.
MASS
◦ The amount of matter an object
contains, measured in grams, g.
3 STATES OF MATTER SOLID
◦ Definite volume and shape
LIQUID◦ Definite volume,
indefinite shape
GAS◦ Indefinite volume,
indefinite shape
Chemistry Subscripts◦ (s) - solid
◦ (l) - liquid
◦ (g) - gas
◦ (aq) – aqueous, dissolved in water
WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?
DEFINITION:
◦ The study of the properties and chemical
changes/reactions of matter.
So, chemistry matters
Examples of chemical reactions:
◦ Rusting
◦ Burning/Combustion
TWO TYPES OF CHEMISTRY
PURE CHEMISTRY
◦ Theoretical work that involves
DESCRIBING known substances and
DISCOVERING new compounds for
research purposes.
APPLIED CHEMISTRY
◦ Practical work that involves searching for
USES for known substances.
PHYSICAL PROPERTY A QUALITY or CHARACTERISTIC of a
substance that can be observed WITHOUT a chemical reaction.
Examples of Physical Properties◦ State of matter
◦ Hardness
◦ Colour
◦ Malleability
◦ Ductility
◦ Odor
◦ Solubility
◦ Brittleness
◦ Conductivity
◦ Melting Point and Boiling Point
PHYSICAL CHANGE A change in state of matter of a
substance.
Examples of Physical Changes:
◦ Melting/fusion – SOLID to LIQUID
◦ Freezing – LIQUID to SOLID
◦ Evaporation – LIQUID to GAS
◦ Condensation – GAS to LIQUID
◦ Sublimation – SOLID to GAS
◦ Deposition – GAS to SOLID
Ex: H2O(s) H2O(l)
CHEMICAL PROPERTY A BEHAVIOUR of a substance that can only
be observed when a CHEMICAL CHANGE is taking place.
Example:◦ Magnesium ribbon burning
◦ 2 Mg(s) + O2(g) 2 MgO(s) + light energy
◦ The chemical property is that light is given off when magnesium is burned.
CHEMICAL CHANGE
A change in which ONE OR MORE NEW SUBSTANCES is formed.
Example:◦ Iron Rusting
4 Fe(s) + 3 O2(g) Fe2O3(s)
INDICATORS OF A CHEMICAL CHANGE
Basically, a chemical change has occurred if the change is DIFFICULT TO REVERSE.
However, there are many good indicators of a chemical change.
Observe the following pictures, and take a guess at what is happening to indicate a CHEMICAL CHANGE.
CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS
COLOUR CHANGE
CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS
BUBBLES OF GAS
CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS
SOLID (PRECIPITATE) FORMATION
CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS
HEAT/LIGHT GIVEN OFF
HOMEWORK!!!1. Identify the following as a PHYSICAL PROPERTY or
a CHEMICAL PROPERTY.1. Burns in air when heated.
2. Melts at 98 degrees Celsius.
3. Reacts violently with water.
4. Can be cut with a knife.
5. Conducts electricity.
2. Identify the following as a PHYSICAL CHANGE or a CHEMICAL CHANGE.
1. Digesting a meal.
2. Butter melting in a pan.
3. Burning gasoline.
4. Wood rotting.
LINK
MATTER FLOW CHART-Draw
MATTER
PURE SUBSTANCE
COMPOUND
ELEMENT
ATOM
MIXTURE
HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
(SOLUTION)
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE
Made up of only ONE TYPE OF ATOM or ATOM COMBINATION
Stays the same in response to a physical change
Example:
◦ O2
◦ H2O
TWO TYPES:
◦ Element
◦ Compound
TYPES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
ELEMENT◦ A pure substance that CANNOT be broken down
into a simpler substance by a CHEMICAL CHANGE.
◦ It is made up of 1 TYPE OF ATOM.
◦ Element SYMBOLS are always written with the first letter UPPERCASE and the second letter LOWERCASE.
◦ Element NAMES are always written in LOWERCASE letters.
◦ Examples: Na
Li
Ar
W
TYPES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
COMPOUND
◦ A pure substance that CAN be broken down into its elements with a CHEMICAL CHANGE.
◦ It is made up of two or more elements are chemically joined together in fixed proportions.
◦ Examples:
NaCl
C6H12O6
CH4
H2O
MIXTURE Contains 2 or more pure
substances
TWO TYPES:
HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
◦ AKA SOLUTION
◦ Have only one visible phase throughout
◦ Examples:
air, apple juice, salt water
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
◦ Contains 2 or more visible phases throughout
◦ Examples:
Soil, soup, fruitcake
DIATOMIC MOLECULES There are 7 elements that are diatomic, or
found in pairs, in their natural state.
These are:
◦ H2,
◦ O2,
◦ F2,
◦ Br2,
◦ I2,
◦ N2,
◦ Cl2,
◦ Also P4 and S8
Memory tool: P.S., HOFBrINCl
REACTANTS
◦ Starting Materials in a chemical reaction
PRODUCTS
◦ New substances formed in a chemical
reaction
CHEMICAL REACTION
◦ Reactants go to form Products
◦ Example:
◦ C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g)
HOMEWORK . . . 1. Name the type of pure substance that is
found on the periodic table.
2. Give an example of each of the following:
1. Pure substance
2. Heterogeneous mixture
3. Homogeneous mixture
LINK
MSDS – MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET