Science 10.5 BDEF Design Motion Investigation - Raihan Adzkia

*Use this link to guide your investigation report.

Investigation of Time vs angle for wheeling car down inclined plane name: Raihan Adzkia date: - February - 2012 Aim: How does changing the angle of inclined plane affect the time? Variables: Independent The Angle of inclined plane

Dependent Time travelled of wheeling the car to achieve the ground

Control a)constant The gravity

Control b) related the distance of the starting point to wheel the car Hypothesis:

. H symbolizes as height, and g is for gravity. That is the formula of finding time. According to that formula, it is shown that T and H are in a relationship. If Time is related to height(angle), then changing the height (angle) of the inclined plane will result in changes in time. Since the height of each experiment are different, therefore angles in inclined plane will effect the time of the object to achieve to the ground. To sum up, if the height of the angle gets higher, the less time needed to get the car to achieve the ground. The gravity constant is needed to find the time travelled of the object, and this might happened because the changes of the surfaces make differences of friction force. Materials: ● A Stopwatch ● A protractor ● Thick books ● A table ● A car toy

Procedure/Method:

A. Prepare all the materials that is written above. B. Make the inclined plane by using A board:

1. Take a board that has flat surface on it. (make sure there are no any bumps on it)

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Comment: You must give a source for this equation. If you derived it yourself/with me you need to show the derivation.

Comment: Good. But, You could just use a more general argument. You could just say that gravity causes the motion of the car. Gravity acts down. The board stops the downward motion. So, if the board is put more vertical – more downward – there will be more acceleration due to gravity and less time for it to travel the same distance.

2. Put the books on the table 3. Make an angle by putting the board onto the books. 4. Adjust the angle by moving the books and check the board so that it wont fall off. 5. Increase the height of the inclined plane by adding or decreasing books, which also

changes the angle of the inclined plane itself. 6. Measure the angle by using a protractor, look at the numbers carefully so that we could get a reliable result and don’t forget to record this data. 7. Before we wheel the car, make sure that you mark the starting point of where you want to start, so that we’ll start in the same point. Therefore, the distance is constant.

8. Next, wheel the car. 9. As you wheel it, use a stopwatch to measure how long does the car take to achieve to the ground. 10. Press pause as soon as the car achieves the ground!! 11. Repeat step 5 to 10 to get more data.

Observations: a) Raw Data

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apple� 2/28/12 9:16 AMComment: Use the word “reaches”.

Comment: Good, nice pictures.

i) Quantitative Angle (°) ±

Time travelled of wheeling the car ± 0.1 s (First Trial)

Time travelled of wheeling the car ± 0.1 s (Second Trial)

The average time ± 0.1 s .

4 2.2 2.1 2.15

7 0.7 0.8 0.75

10 0.6 0.5 0.55

15 0.5 0.5 0.5

21 0.2 0.2 0.2

The distance of the starting point (cm)

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

ii) Qualitative

As you can see from the table above, as we set the number of the angle higher, time taken of wheeling the car is faster. The differences between each experiments that are shown above are not that much. 4° is the starting angle of the experiment and it takes 2.2s for the car to achieve the ground on this angle. 7° is set to be another experiment, and it takes 0.7s for the car to achieve the ground on this angle. As a result, we know that the the dependent variable (Time) decreases as the Independent variable (Angle) Increases. There were sounds produced during the

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Comment: Put this in a separate table.

Comment: Just write it once.

Comment: This is not the right word – use the phrase “for the car to reach the bottom of the incline”.

experiment. As the angle decreases, the sound of the car wheeling down is really fast. This is another prove that as the height of the angle gets higher, the less time needed to get the car to achieve the ground. b)Processed Data:

Angle (°) ± The Average time of wheeling the car ± 0.1 s .

4 2.15

7 0.75

10 0.55

15 0.5

21 0.2

Graph of Average Angle vs Time

apple� 2/28/12 9:19 AMComment: You’re one of the few students who put in uncertainties. Actually it would be higher – around 0.2 or 0.3

X-axis → Angle (°)

Y-axis → Time (s) Constant distance of starting point → 0.5cm Conclusion:

From all the experiments I did above, my hypothesis is proven correct. The graph shows positive correlation. As you can see from the graph above, P1 was at 4 as the angle, and the time was 2.15, which become x= 4, y= 2.15 or (4, 2.15). P2 was at 7 point as the angle, and the time was 0.75, which become (7,0.75). P3 was at 10 as the angle, and the time was 0.55, which become x=10, y=0.55 or (10, 0.55). P4 was at 15 as the angle, and the time was at 0.5 seconds, which become (15,0.5), and p5 was at 21 as the angle and the time was at 0.2 , which become (21, 0.1). Even though there is no best fit line that shown from those x and y intercepts, yet those creates scatter plot which create an up trend, it is clear that ‘the height or the angle of an inclined plane’ is inversely proportional to the time of the car to achieve the ground. As the height of the inclined plane increases, the time travelled of the car to achieve the ground decreases or we could say as the height gets higher, the time travelled of the car to achieve the ground is less needed.

apple� 2/28/12 9:19 AMComment: Use the word support.

The picture above supports the formula below:

s=

s=

=

t= From the formula above, I found out that that and sin . Yet, as you can see t is

From the formula, I concluded time is less than , and this is why it takes less time for the car to wheel as the angle got increased. Furthermore, when the car is released the gravitational potential energy is transferred into kinetic energy, this is the reason why the car wheel down the inclined plane. My prediction was correct. I anticipated that as the angle of the inclined plane increase, the time would decreases. I am sure and confident it was correct because my graph backs my hypothesis up.

I did not spot any oddity in my results. Because, it is proven on my graph that every point on the graph follows the same pattern, which make an up trend. As a result, I concluded that my results seems to be reasonably accurate.

Evaluation:

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I tried to make my experiment as fair as possible. To a certain area this was achieved, however some aspects on the fairness of the experiment could have been better. The measurement of my experiment were taken using a stopwatch on my iphone. Furthermore, I asked for help to my friend to press the stopwatch. This meant, she might missed a second or two seconds as the car achieve the ground. This could have affected the end recording. On future experiments, I would use a better quality of stopwatch, and use ‘a button’ that could press the stopwatch in a sudden with a fast speed. This made the time to achieve the ground takes longer time, possibly meaning the end recording was not completely fair.

Furthermore, a small protractor was used to measure the agree. This meant I had to look closely, and clearly and might loose accuracy. All the readings and numbers were too small, for a big angle that I made on the inclined plane, i felt it was really difficult to get accurate numbers. Also, I had to just use my eyesight as accurately as possible. Next time the angle would have been measured in a big protractor, so that its easier for me to read the numbers, and get an accurate result.

Before using a car, I tried to use a ball however I found out that it is hard to measure the time, seeing that the ball goes really fast. I thought using a car is better because it didn’t goes as fast as the ball. Therefore, it is easier for me to record the time.

To have made the experiment reliable I should have done several time recordings for each test. At least four recordings for each and from that the average would have given me a reliable set of results. The experiment would also be re run multiple times itself, reason for this this would show how reliable it was. I honestly think that my graph shows my experiment was reliable and well founded, it is proven with the scatter plots which follow an almost exact pattern and create an up trend

I am certain that my conclusion is correct because it is the only explanation for the coherent and reasonable set of results. If I would have time to repeat my experiment I am sure I would find a pattern and graph very much the same depending on how well I kept the test fair, accurate, and exact. Works Cited: "The Effect of Ramp Angle on a Toy Car."

EHow. Demand Media, 14 Apr. 2010. Web. 23 Feb. 2012 <http://www.ehow.com/about_6313077_effect-ramp-angle-toy-car.html>.

"Physics of Roller Coaster"

CEC: Coaster Physics. Web. 23 Feb. 2012. <http://cec.chebucto.org/Co-Phys.html>.

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Comment: angle

Comment: This is a run on sentence.

Comment: Good.

Comment: This is unnecessary.

Criterion DE  No  highlights  means  the  task  specific  criterion  was  met.    Blue  highlights  means  the  task  specific  criterion  was  exceeded.    Yellow  highlights  mean  you  did  NOT  achieve  the  task  specific  criterion.   Criterion  D  

  1-2 3-4 5-6 Task  –  Specific  Clarification    

Objective Level Descriptors

0 Descriptors

a.  focused   3  

b.  clear   5  

D1 State a problem or research questions that is _________

unclear focused focused & clear

a.    Testable  (It  means  the  hypothesis  CAN  be  falsified).  

5  

b.    Explain  the hypothesis using scientific reasoning.  

5  

D2 Makes a hypothesis that is _______ and _______ explain it.

Incomplete/doesn’t

Testable/doesn’t

Testable/does

a.    Include  all  of  the  relevant  variables  and  name  your  independent  &  dependent  variables.  (Variable  Table)  

5  

b.    Mention  how  to  manipulate  your  independent  variable.  (method)  

3  

c.    Mention  control  variables  &  how  you  will  control  them.(method)  

5  

d.   Selects  appropriate  materials  &  equipment.  (materials)  

3  

e.    Write  a  clear,  logical  method.  (5-­‐6)   5  

f.    Describe  how  the  data  will  be  collected  (using  your  materials  and  experimental  set-­‐up)  (method)  

5  

D3 Selects appropriate materials, writes a ___ complete method, mentions _________ variables and how to manipulate them, and ______ describe how data will be collected and processed.

0 (It’s mostly incomp

lete)

mostly complete, some, may not

Clear & logical,

all, does

Comments  on  the  most  relevant  of  the  following  regarding  the  reliability  and  validity  of  the  method:  

3-­‐5  

a.    the  appropriate  selection  of/  precision  and  accuracy  of/  uncertainties  associated  with  the  measuring  instruments,  

b.    the  size  of  the  sample/  the  sampling  techniques/  the  number  of  readings  

c.  if  the  conditions  of  the  experiment  lead  to  valid  data  collection  

d.  if  the  manipulation  of  the  variables  was  appropriate.  

D4 ______ evaluate(s) the method in terms of reliability and validity

0 Attempts to/

Doesn’t

Partially Sufficientyly

Compares  results  to  theoretical  expectations  based  on  explained  and  cited  scientific  works.  

6  

D5 Comments on the validity of the hypothesis based on the outcome of the investigation

0 Doesn’t ✓ ✓

D6 ______ improvements to the method or further inquiry when relevant.

0 Doesn’t suggest

Suggests some

Suggests realistic

Your Criterion D Score :6 *Remember, for MYP Science, it’s generally the lowest score that is taken to determine your Criterion Level.

Criterion  E    

Objective  Level  Descriptors  Task-­Specific  Criterion   ≥  

Objective    Scaffold  

0   1  to  2   3  to  4   5  to  6  

a.        Include  a  minimum  of  5  sets  of  data. 3

b. Take at least two measurements for each change in an independent

E1 Collects ____ data.

0 Some Sufficient sufficient

variable.

c.        Record  a  reasonable  range  of  data,  and  relatively  evenly  spaced  data  points.

3

a.        Include  headings  and  relevant  units  for  all  data.

3

b.        Record  qualitative  data  with  appropriate  descriptions  .

3

c.        Record  only  relevant  and  all  relevant  data  which  sometimes  includes  controlled  variable(s).

5

d.        For  any  tables,  the  IV  should  be  in  left  column,  and  the  DV  in  the  right  column.

5

e.        Where  appropriate,  indicate  the  source  of  uncertainty  in  a  measurement

5

f.        The  number  of  significant  digits  should  be  appropriate  to  the  measuring  instrument  used.

5

g.        Make  the  degree  of  precision  (final  decimal  place)  the  same  for  each  set  of  raw  data.

5

E2 _____ record data it in a suitable format.

0 attempts to correctly correctly

a. Take an average of repeated measurements and display in an organized way.

b.        Include  a  title  that  describes  both  the  IV  and  DV.

3

c.        Include  a  best-­‐fit  line  if  appropriate  and  its  equation  if  it’s  appropriate.

3

d.        Spread  out  the  range  of  data  points  within  the  graph/chart.

3

e.        Include  appropriate  labels  and  units  for  axes  on  a  graph  and  for  parts  of  a  

3

E3 Organizes, transforms and presents data using numerical forms ____.

incompletely With few errors

Logically & correctly

chart.

f.        Display  key  calculations  in  a  clear  and  sequential  manner.    Show  one  calculation  example  if  the  calculation  is  repeated.

3

g.        Make  the  degree  of  precision  for  processed  data  consistent  with  the  raw  data.

5

a.        From  the  best-­‐fit  line/chart,  describe  the  type  of  relationship  (proportional/linear/exponential/no)  between  the  IV  and  DV.

3

b.        Describe  how  close  the  points  are  to  the  line  of  best  fit.

5

c. Comment on the how close repeated measurements were together.

d.        Comment  on  the  number  of  measurements  taken.  

5

e. Comment on any obvious sources of error during measurement.

E4 _________ a trend, pattern or relationship in the data. ________ the reliability of the data

Attempts to identify, Omits

States, Omits

Describes, Comments on

f. Use data, such as the equation of the best-fit line, to support your conclusions.

3

b.        Explain  conclusion  using  reasoning  that  draws  from  accepted  scientific  theories  or  principles

5

E5 Draws a conclusion that is _____ the data and ____ a scientific explanation

Inconsistent with, lacks

Consistent with, lacks

A correct inter-pretation of, includes

Your Criterion E Score : 6 *Remember, for MYP Science, it’s generally the lowest score that is taken to determine your Criterion Level.