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6 PARTicipation 4.14 Schwerpunktthema · 24. Jahrestagung Minimally invasive prosthodontics for older adults Finbarr Allen PhD, Professor of Prosthodontics & Oral Rehabilitation, University College Cork, Ireland The term «older people» refers to those aged 65 or older but this group of people is not ho- mogenous. They can be differentiated into: «young» and «old» based on their age, «heal- thy» or « medically compromised», based on their general health, «strong» or «frail», based on their physical condition, «advantaged» or «disadvantaged», based on their economic status, «community-based» or «in residential care» based on their residence, »independent» or «dependent» based on their self-care abi- lity, «dentate» or «edentulous» based on the possession of any natural teeth (Whelton, Kelleher et al. 2011). Age in itself should not determine care pathways, and patients’ me- dical and social circumstances are important determinants of oral health and outcome of treatment. Over the past 20 years, there have been major changes in oral health profiles in Europe which reflects changing attitudes to the importance of oral health in older age. Throughout a life course, damage to teeth accumulates and consequently there is a high burden of dental disease in old age with high risk of toothloss. Complete toothloss has fallen to between 5 and 9% of the adult po- pulation in most EU countries. The current figures regarding total toothloss indicate that is largely confined to the elderly and has a prevalence ranging from 14% in Lithuania to 53% in Bulgaria for those over 65 years of age (ref: Petersson and Yamamoto, 2005). This underlying trend in toothloss prevalence reflects the varying levels of sophistication in oral healthcare delivery in various countries, socio-economic status and differing patient attitudes to and awareness of the importance of oral health. As a consequence of increased tooth retention rates, the prevalence of dental disease has also increased in most countries. Dental decay (caries) continues to be a major public health problem and affects all adults to varying degrees, resulting in pain, loss of chewing function and poor aesthetics. Severe periodontitis disproportionately affects older adults, and left untreated, causes bad breath, pain and toothloss. These adverse affects are complicated by medical and social circum- stances of older patients, particularly the onset of oral dryness («xerostomia») which is common in old age. Oral dryness reduces the host response to bacteria that cause oral diseases, and thus increase the risk of oral di- sease and toothloss. Additional factors, such as anxiety related to attending oral healthcare professionals among older adults due to unp- leasant experiences earlier in life, impact on the provision of oral healthcare in the elderly. By old age, the effects of oral disease become increasingly difficult and costly to manage, with toothloss affecting nutrition, quality of life and general health. Oral function and ability to chew diminishes as natural teeth are lost, and it can also have negative impact on appearance and self-esteem. Given the rapidly changing age profile of the European population, and their complex health needs, there is a need to develop new evidence-based approaches to healthcare, including oral healthcare, which are cost effective. Management of toothloss Toothloss is conventionally addressed in par- tially dentate older patients by replacing mis- sing teeth with removable partial dentures (RPDs). RPDs can be hard to maintain and make oral hygiene procedures more compli- cated for patients. Implant retained prosthe- ses are an alternative to RPDs. This approach is effective but beyond the financial resources of many older adults. It is not yet known implant retained prostheses would be more acceptable to patients if the cost of treatment were subsidised by healthcare insurance companies. Fear of surgery among older adults may also be a barrier to this treatment approach, but this has not yet established for partially dentate older patients. It is certainly a barrier to having implants in edentulous patients (Ellis et al, 2013), so its possible this also applies to partially dentate older adults. Conventional approaches emphasize replace- ment of all lost teeth. However, oral functio- nal needs change with age, and replacement of all lost teeth may not be required to deliver improved health outcomes in older patients. Recently, treatment philosophies have been developed that take a functionally oriented approach to oral healthcare with a focus on providing a reduced, but healthy, natural dentition which can be maintained with support of better oral hygiene. From a pub- lic health viewpoint, functionally oriented dentistry (FOD) may be attractive if it can be shown to provide an acceptable level of oral function in a more cost-effective manner than conventional alternatives. Risk Assessment The risks of unplanned tooth loss in elderly patients, particularly frail elderly, are high given the cumulative nature of the effects of oral disease and its treatment, and, the impact of co-morbid medical conditions on oral health. When planning complex resto- rations for missing teeth in young elderly patients (e.g., those between 65 and 75 ye- ars of age), it is important to consider if the patient has the capacity to maintain these restorations. It should be borne in mind that as patients become older and frailer, their ability to maintain a high standard of oral hygiene will diminish. This will compromise abutment teeth for removable partial dentures, conventional fixed bridge- work and implant retained restorations in the medium to long term. If in doubt, the treatment should be simplified and made easier to maintain as will be discussed later. Secondly, unplanned and uncontrolled progression of toothloss in elderly patients is highly undesirable. If a patient becomes edentate late in the life course without ade- quate preparation, the chances of successful adaptation to complete replacement dentu- res are low. In this scenario, the patient is likely to have a seriously compromised qua- lity of life and compromised oral function. It is important that the clinician establishes a prognosis for the dentition and if it is considered poor, then counsels the patient accordingly. Many patients will have resis- ted toothloss and wearing dentures over the life course and may continue to be resistant to this advice. However, whilst respecting the patient’s right to ignore this advice, it is Finbarr Allen
5

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Page 1: Schwerpunktthema · 24. Jahrestagung Minimally invasive ... in der Zahnarzt-Praxis... · Schwerpunktthema · 24. Jahrestagung Minimally invasive prosthodontics ... supportive periodontal

6 PARTicipation 4.14

Schwerpunktthema · 24. Jahrestagung

Minimally invasive prosthodontics for older adultsFinbarr Allen PhD, Professor of Prosthodontics & Oral Rehabilitation, University College Cork, Ireland

The term «older people» refers to those aged

65 or older but this group of people is not ho-

mogenous. They can be differentiated into:

«young» and «old» based on their age, «heal-

thy» or « medically compromised», based on

their general health, «strong» or «frail», based

on their physical condition, «advantaged» or

«disadvantaged», based on their economic

status, «community-based» or «in residential

care» based on their residence, »independent»

or «dependent» based on their self-care abi-

lity, «dentate» or «edentulous» based on the

possession of any natural teeth (Whelton,

Kelleher et al. 2011). Age in itself should not

determine care pathways, and patients’ me-

dical and social circumstances are important

determinants of oral health and outcome of

treatment.

Over the past 20 years, there have been

major changes in oral health profiles in

Europe which reflects changing attitudes to

the importance of oral health in older age.

Throughout a life course, damage to teeth

accumulates and consequently there is a high

burden of dental disease in old age with high

risk of toothloss. Complete toothloss has

fallen to between 5 and 9% of the adult po-

pulation in most EU countries. The current

figures regarding total toothloss indicate that

is largely confined to the elderly and has a

prevalence ranging from 14% in Lithuania

to 53% in Bulgaria for those over 65 years

of age (ref: Petersson and Yamamoto, 2005).

This underlying trend in toothloss prevalence

reflects the varying levels of sophistication in

oral healthcare delivery in various countries,

socio-economic status and differing patient

attitudes to and awareness of the importance

of oral health. As a consequence of increased

tooth retention rates, the prevalence of dental

disease has also increased in most countries.

Dental decay (caries) continues to be a major

public health problem and affects all adults

to varying degrees, resulting in pain, loss of

chewing function and poor aesthetics. Severe

periodontitis disproportionately affects older

adults, and left untreated, causes bad breath,

pain and toothloss. These adverse affects are

complicated by medical and social circum-

stances of older patients, particularly the

onset of oral dryness («xerostomia») which

is common in old age. Oral dryness reduces

the host response to bacteria that cause oral

diseases, and thus increase the risk of oral di-

sease and toothloss. Additional factors, such

as anxiety related to attending oral healthcare

professionals among older adults due to unp-

leasant experiences earlier in life, impact on

the provision of oral healthcare in the elderly.

By old age, the effects of oral disease become

increasingly difficult and costly to manage,

with toothloss affecting nutrition, quality of

life and general health. Oral function and

ability to chew diminishes as natural teeth

are lost, and it can also have negative impact

on appearance and self-esteem.

Given the rapidly changing age profile of

the European population, and their complex

health needs, there is a need to develop new

evidence-based approaches to healthcare,

including oral healthcare, which are cost

effective.

Management of toothloss

Toothloss is conventionally addressed in par-

tially dentate older patients by replacing mis-

sing teeth with removable partial dentures

(RPDs). RPDs can be hard to maintain and

make oral hygiene procedures more compli-

cated for patients. Implant retained prosthe-

ses are an alternative to RPDs. This approach

is effective but beyond the financial resources

of many older adults. It is not yet known

implant retained prostheses would be more

acceptable to patients if the cost of treatment

were subsidised by healthcare insurance

companies. Fear of surgery among older

adults may also be a barrier to this treatment

approach, but this has not yet established for

partially dentate older patients. It is certainly

a barrier to having implants in edentulous

patients (Ellis et al, 2013), so its possible this

also applies to partially dentate older adults.

Conventional approaches emphasize replace-

ment of all lost teeth. However, oral functio-

nal needs change with age, and replacement

of all lost teeth may not be required to deliver

improved health outcomes in older patients.

Recently, treatment philosophies have been

developed that take a functionally oriented

approach to oral healthcare with a focus on

providing a reduced, but healthy, natural

dentition which can be maintained with

support of better oral hygiene. From a pub-

lic health viewpoint, functionally oriented

dentistry (FOD) may be attractive if it can

be shown to provide an acceptable level of

oral function in a more cost-effective manner

than conventional alternatives.

Risk Assessment

The risks of unplanned tooth loss in elderly

patients, particularly frail elderly, are high

given the cumulative nature of the effects

of oral disease and its treatment, and, the

impact of co-morbid medical conditions on

oral health. When planning complex resto-

rations for missing teeth in young elderly

patients (e.g., those between 65 and 75 ye-

ars of age), it is important to consider if the

patient has the capacity to maintain these

restorations. It should be borne in mind

that as patients become older and frailer,

their ability to maintain a high standard

of oral hygiene will diminish. This will

compromise abutment teeth for removable

partial dentures, conventional fixed bridge-

work and implant retained restorations in

the medium to long term. If in doubt, the

treatment should be simplified and made

easier to maintain as will be discussed later.

Secondly, unplanned and uncontrolled

progression of toothloss in elderly patients

is highly undesirable. If a patient becomes

edentate late in the life course without ade-

quate preparation, the chances of successful

adaptation to complete replacement dentu-

res are low. In this scenario, the patient is

likely to have a seriously compromised qua-

lity of life and compromised oral function.

It is important that the clinician establishes

a prognosis for the dentition and if it is

considered poor, then counsels the patient

accordingly. Many patients will have resis-

ted toothloss and wearing dentures over the

life course and may continue to be resistant

to this advice. However, whilst respecting

the patient’s right to ignore this advice, it is

Finbarr Allen

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PARTicipation 4.14 7

24. Jahrestagung · Schwerpunktthema

important to make the patient fully aware

of the potential consequences of unplanned

toothloss.

Decision making for elderly who are partially

dentate needs to consider a range of issues

which impact the prognosis for the remai-

ning dentition. These include:

1) Behaviours and attitudes to oral heal-

thcare. Smoking has a direct impact on

disease, particularly mucosal and perio-

dontal disease. If the patient is unwilling

to modify this behaviour, than this

should influence the decision whether or

not to offer restorative treatment. If oral

hygiene is poor, then this may reflect a

poor attitude to oral health, or, inability

to comprehend or implement appropriate

oral hygiene procedures. In the case of

the former, then a controlled progression

to edentulousness should be conside-

red. Conversely, if the issue is ability to

understand or implement, then tailored

supportive periodontal care should be

offered with a view to maintaining a

functional, natural dentition.

2) Medical considerations: There are a

range of co-morbidities which directly

impact the prognosis for teeth, and, the

consequences of surgical procedures

in the mouth. A number of commonly

prescribed medications cause oral dry-

ness (xerostomia), and this compromises

dental and periodontal health. In such

cases, the oral healthcare professional

should consult with the patient’s medical

practitioner to see if alternatives can be

found for medications causing oral dry-

ness. A more recent issue has been the

impact of bisphosphonate medications on

wound healing. These medications are

commonly prescribed in the management

of osteoporosis and a variety of cancer

treatment regimes in older patients. If a

patient has had a prolonged course of oral

bisphosphonates (i.e., >3years), or had

bisphosphonate medication administered

IV, then there is a risk of osseonecrosis

following surgical procedures including

dental extractions and placement of den-

tal implants. Risk assessment is topical

at the present time, and a number of

options are available to help determine

risk of future disease. Chairside testing

kits have been developed which test for

markers indicative of caries, for example,

CRT (Ivoclar Vivadent™) and GC Saliva

Check Buffer™.

Minimally invasive strategies

In the case of partially dentate adults, repla-

cement of missing teeth incurs a biological

price. This may be justified if the procedure

for replacing missing teeth confers a subs-

tantial functional and cosmetic benefit to

the patient. Conventional treatment in par-

tially dentate older adults generally involves

restoration of missing teeth with removable

partial dentures (RPDs). This form of treat-

ment is considered if toothloss has reduced

the patient’s ability to chew, or, has led them

to be dissatisfied with the appearance of their

dentition. This may occur when a key tooth

(e.g., an upper front tooth) has been lost, or,

when an existing RPD has become unsatis-

factory. RPDs can be used to replace large

numbers of missing teeth, and are designed

to improve masticatory function, speech,

oral comfort and restore appearance when

anterior teeth are missing. This approach is

costly, as it involves multiple visits to a dental

clinic (usually a minimum of 5 visits for the

denture provision alone), laboratory costs for

the manufacture of the denture, and it also

involves a high burden of maintenance after

fitting. Maintenance requirements include

the repair of potential damage to teeth next

to the denture (abutment teeth), mechanical

failure of components of the denture, and

loss of fit of the denture to the underlying

tissues over time. There is a risk of damage

to teeth next to the spaces replaced by partial

dentures, and this risk increases depending

on the amount of teeth covered by the

denture and the patient’s ability to control

plaque. Survival rates of teeth in the vicinity

of partial dentures have been reported to be

as low as 40% after five years (Vermeulen et

al, 1996). It is also known that RPDs that

only replace missing lower posterior teeth

are often not worn, or worn sporadically, by

patients. The reason for this is not fully un-

derstood. Dental implants can also be used

to retain prostheses in the mouth. However,

implants are invasive and very expensive to

provide, complicate oral hygiene procedures

and have associated maintenance costs, inclu-

ding replacement of damaged components.

Whilst maintenance of implants is less

frequent than RPDs, replacement costs of

implant components are high. Implant fai-

lure is also known to be higher when patients

also have active periodontal disease, and they

make oral hygiene procedures more difficult

for patients.

A key question in deciding a restorative

approach for partially dentate patients is

whether they actually need to have all mis-

sing teeth replaced. It has been documented

in clinical studies and population surveys

that a sub-optimal, but acceptable, level of

oral function can be achieved by retaining

20 natural teeth (Witter et al, 2001). The so

called «shortened dental arch (SDA) concept

employs a functionally oriented approach to

restorative dentistry. In contrast to conven-

tional treatment, FOD aims for a reduced,

but healthy and functional dentition without

the use of a removable prosthesis or implants.

Teeth are only replaced if they are considered

important by the patient to appearance or

function. Clinical experience indicates that

patients will seek treatment to replace visible

missing teeth at the front of the mouth for

aesthetic reasons, or other teeth to improve

chewing function following the recent loss

of a key tooth or teeth. A key guiding prin-

ciple in FOD is to have a minimally invasive

approach to disease management and re-

storation of missing teeth, and to minimise

the burden of maintenance for patients and

dental health professionals. In so doing, there

is the potential to provide positive oral health

outcomes at a lower cost. By avoiding use of

RPDs and thereby reducing the long-term

associated costs, the approach also offers the

potential for a more cost-effective treatment

strategy. The aim of treatment is to provide

a functional (albeit reduced) dentition, and

this is generally achieved by providing 3-5

contacting pairs of posterior teeth with an

intact and aesthetically acceptable anterior

dentition. Where appropriate, this is achie-

ved using minimally invasive adhesive fixed

bridgework to replace anterior missing teeth

or extend the number of posterior tooth con-

tacts. The use of resin bonded bridgework

to restore interrupted dental arches, and,

extend shortened dental arches is shown in

Fig. 1. A number of randomised clinical trials

have demonstrated the acceptability of this

approach to patients, its economic impact,

and critically, that there is substantially lower

Fig. 2: Fibre reinforced composite resin bridge

replacing a missing tooth in an interrupted shor-

tened dental arch

Fig. 1: Cast metal resin bonded bridge used to

extend a shortened dental arch

Page 3: Schwerpunktthema · 24. Jahrestagung Minimally invasive ... in der Zahnarzt-Praxis... · Schwerpunktthema · 24. Jahrestagung Minimally invasive prosthodontics ... supportive periodontal

8 PARTicipation 4.14

disease incidence in patients managed in this

way compared to those provided with RPDs

(Jepson et al, 2001).

It is also possible to use fibre reinforced

composite resin bridgework (Fig.2) instead of

cast metal adhesively retained bridgework to

replace a single missing tooth in a shortened

dental arch. This is not as strong, and has

a higher likelihood of fracture. However, it

has the advantage of being less expensive to

provide and is a non preparation technique.

These bridges can be laboratory made, or,

made chairside using either a composite resin

tooth, or immediately replace an extracted

natural tooth having removed its root (Fig.

2). It may be useful where occlusal loading is

limited (e.g., when opposed by a complete or

partial denture) and fracture is less likely.

Conclusion

Treatment of the partially dentate older

adult is an increasing requirement in clinical

practice. The choices for treatment should

recognise the perceived need of the patient,

and their ability to maintain an adequate

standard of oral hygiene. Minimally invasive

approaches to tooth replacement appear to

satisfy patient needs and reduce maintenance

requirements.

Schwerpunktthema · 24. Jahrestagung

Gestaltung PARTicipation und vieles mehr …

Täfernstrasse 1 | Postfach 5026 | 5405 Baden Dättwil | Tel. 0041 56 493 01 01 | [email protected] | www.heinzammann.ch

Newsletter der SGZBB (Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Behinderten- und Betagten-Zahnmedizin)

Edition 27 / Juli 2013

Schwerpunktthemen

• Blick zurück auf

die 22. Jahrestagung

der SGZBB

2

• Körperliche und Kognitive

Fitness im Alter

6

• Fragen an Prof. Dr. med.

Reto W. Kressig

7

• Fragen an Prof. Dr. med.

Walter O. Seiler

10

• Laudatio zur

Ehrenmitgliedschaft

von Prof. Dr. med.

Reto W. Kressig

13

• Das neue

Erwachsenenschutzrecht 15

• Fragen an Alois Kessler 17

• Das Alter im Wandel 18

• Fragen an Pasqualina

Perrig-Chiello

19

• 25. Symposion

27

• Wer bin ich?

31

• Auf der Suche nach

dem Arzt für den Mund

im Menschen

35

• «Wir sind alle irgendwie

behindert»

37

Vermischtes

• Pescato fuori,

Herausgefischt

20

• Bücherspiegel

22

• Bericht der Präsidentin 24

• Schatten

34

• Personalschulung im AZB 39

• Thomas Unteregger 40

• Parachutée

42

• Leserbrief

43

• Lagebericht aus Westafrika 44

• «Ich bin der Andere» –

«Je suis l'autre»

46

A noter dans votre agenda 48

Editorial

Liebe Leserin, lieber Leser

In youth my wings were strong

and tireless,

But I did not know the moun-

tains.

In age I knew the mountains

But my weary wings could not

follow my vision –

Genius is wisdom and youth.

Gibt es ihn denn überhaupt

noch, den beflissenen Leser, d

ie

aufmerksame Leserin? Den Leser,

der dem bunten Getöse und der

Bilderlawine von Fort-und Wei-

terbildungsangeboten ausweicht

und in seinem stillen Kämmer-

lein dem geschriebenen Wort

den Vorzug gibt? Hand aufs

Herz – oder wohin auch immer,

an die Stirn zum Beispiel: Wo

haben Sie damals Ihre Examina

vorbereitet? Wo schöpfen Sie

heute Ihre Tipps, zuhause bei

der Lektüre einschlägiger Fach-

literatur oder in den Pausen von

oben angetönten Veranstaltun-

gen und dies vorzugsweise von

vertrauenswürdigen Kollegen/

Kolleginnen?

Welcher Lerntyp bin ich?

Das Aufteilen in Lerntypen

ist problematisch. Bin ich ein

auditiver, visueller oder gar ein

motorisch-kinästhetischer Lern-

typ? Beim Letzteren handelt es

sich um einen Lernenden, der

beim Lernen eher nicht ruhig sit-

zen kann, der sich verschiedener

Modelle bedient. Er muss prö-

beln, diskutieren, mitschreiben.

Wer nicht gern liest bevorzugt

vielleicht Hörbücher? Gibt es

sie auf unserem Gebiet? Wären

diese nicht förderlich für den

fälschlicherweise oft noch «nicht

normal Begabter» genannten

Mitmenschen, für den homme en

progrès?

Das erste halbe Jahr 2013 gehört

bereits der Vergangenheit an, und

damit sind die augenfälligsten

Veranstaltungen der SGZBB, die

Jahrestagung in Basel und das

Symposion in Bremgarten, schon

Geschichte. Beide waren sehr er-

folgreich. Die Teilnehmer waren

mehrheitlich nicht SGZBB-Mit-

glieder. Etwa 25% in Basel, circa

40% in Bremgarten. Was einer-

seits erfreulich ist, sprechen so

unsere Themen doch auch andere

Kreise an, anderseits aber doch zu

denken gibt, wie wir unsere Mit-

glieder besser motivieren könn-

ten. So verschieden beide Veran-

staltungen auch sein mögen, sie

ergänzen sich. Sie versuchen auf

verschiedenen Wegen das gleiche

Ziel zu erreichen. Beide Organi-

satoren spenden ihren Gewinn

(Benefizium) Benachteiligten.

Basel 7000 CHF der gemein-

nützigen Organisation «Denk an

mich», Bremgarten 4000 CHF

an Kinder einer Schule im Ma-

thare Slum in Nairobi und an

eine von uns errichtete Zahnsta-

tion ebenfalls in einem Slum der

gleichen Stadt.

Dient die zweite Jahreshälfte des

Vereinsjahres also einem verfrüh-

ten erholsamen Winterschlaf?

Wir sind es gewohnt, Erfolg in

Zahlen auszudrücken.Beschrän-

ken wir uns auf unser PARTici-

pation. Es sind zwar ursprünglich

die Newsletter der SGZBB, es

vertritt aber allgemeingültige

Aussagen, die für alle Zahnärzte

und für das ganze Team aussage-

kräftig sind. 20 549 Mal wurden

seine bis heute erschienenen

26 Ausgaben heruntergeladen,

und dies sicherlich nicht nur

von SGZBB-Mitgliedern. Dem

Geiste nach gehören wir also alle

und insbesondere auch die uns

wohlgesinnte SSO zu den Adep-

ten einer guten Zusammenarbeit

mit unseren Benachteiligten.

Für das Redaktionsteam St.G.

Zur Enträtselung des Gedichtes

von Edgar Lee Masters blättern Sie

bitte weiter,

auf Seite zwei.

par_2012_02_participation_27.indd 1

03.07.13 09:20

EditorialL’éthiqueSi certains s’inquiètent du droit et de son bâton qui pourrait nous frapper, je pense qu’ils pourraient con-

sidérer la chose sous un autre angle : pour faire avancer un âne(!), on peut certes faire usage du bâton afin de lui taper la croupe, mais on peut

aussi lui faire face et lui pré-senter une belle carotte !Martine Riesen

Liebe Leserin, Lieber LeserWenn Sie dieses Blatt in Ihren Händen halten werden, so haben sich auch schon die letzten und hartnäckigsten Blätter von ihren Müttern, den Laubbäumen ge-löst, sind durch die Luft gewir-belt und der Schwerkraft folgend auf die Erde oder ins Wasser ge-fallen. Weggewischt aus der Ak-tualität ins Vergessen, als Ende einer jährlich wiederkehrenden Wachstumsperiode. Das Schick-sal jeglicher Ethik? Genauso scheint mir ein gewisser Unter-schied zwischen den sich eher zum ephemeren Tagesgeschehen hinwendenden angelsächsischen und den sich mehrheitlich auf die antiken Koryphäen beru-fenden anderen Ethikgewäch-sen zu existieren. Es liegt der Redaktion fern, hier einen Keil dazwischen zu treiben. Unsere Aufgabe ist, so scheint es uns, Ihnen die verschiedenen Aspekte der Ethik aufzuzeigen. A chacun de vous de faire son choix. Das vor Ihnen liegende Blatt als im-mergrün oder als feuille morte einzuordnen, dieser nicht leichte

Entscheid obliegt Ihnen. Dazu tragen in diesem Heft die hervor-ragenden Hinweise der Autoren Martine Riesen, Dominik Gross und Goran Grubacevic bei. Auf Seite 8 können Sie die von letzterem zusammengefügten 10 Thesen des Giovanni Maio nach-empfinden. Der zweite dieser Merksätze zum Beispiel verdient es fett und kursiv abgedruckt zu werden: «Der Arzt ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er nach Prinzipien handelt und nicht nach Belieben des Patienten. Dieses Rückgrat müssen sich die aktuellen Zahnärzte wie-der neu erwerben, wenn sie nicht morgen schon abgeschafft werden wollen durch Dienst-leister, die ihre Dienste noch viel günstiger machen können.» Im Gegensatz zu gewissen ande-ren dentalen Zeitschriften haben die Artikel im PARTicipation einen logischen inneren Zu-sammenhang. In den folgenden Heften orientiert Sie jeweils eine Reportage über eines der vier zahnärztlichen Institute der Schweiz. Institutionen, die am

ehesten den homme en progrès in den Mittelpunkt ihrer Aktivi-täten stellen. Den Beginn macht die KAB in Zürich. Im Weiteren bereiten wir schon heute, durch die gezielte Auswahl aus verschie-denen Beiträgen, das Terrain für die kommende 23. Jahrestagung der SGZBB vom 11. April 2014 in Genf vor. Zuerst aber möchten wir Sie animieren, ans 26. Sym-posion vom 16. Januar 2014 in Bremgarten zu kommen. Es lebt nicht nur von ausgezeichneten Referenten, sondern von den Teilnehmenden und den anwe-senden hommes en progrès und deren Improvisationsgabe selber.Kommen wir auf den von Martine Riesen an den Anfang

gestellten Esel zurück und geben ihm das letzte Wort: «Si nous poursuivons notre analogie, l’avantage de l’appétissante ca-rotte est qu’elle nourrit et améli-ore la vue. L’avantage de l’éthique ne serait-il pas de donner du sens à nos actes en nous offrant un peu plus de lucidité?»

Für das Redaktionsteam St. G.

Newsletter der SGZBB (Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Behinderten- und Betagten-Zahnmedizin) Edition 28 / November 2013

Schwerpunktthemen• Die KAB

2• Paradigmenwechsel in der Ethik

8• Diagnostik, Ätiologie und

Therapie einer Hochton-Frenquenz-Phobie 10

• Handicapierter Patient R. 14• Hoc non est corpus meum 16• Jahrestagung der SAGB 2014

26

Vermischtes• Fragen an Ina Nitschke 4• Fragen an Fabienne Glenz 6• Fragen an Angela Stillhart 7• Fragen an Dominik Gross 18• Fragen an Goran Grubacevic

21• Une expérience personnelle

de l'éthique clinique 22

• Das Erlebnis mit der perfekten Füllung 29

• Bücherspiegel 30

• Fragen an Martin Schimmel 32

• Pescato fuori, Herausgefischt 36

• Parfums toscans 38

• Der Andere und Ich. Ich bin der Andere. 39

• Einladung zum 26. Symposion 40

• 23. Jahrestagung der SGZBB 43

• Vorstandssitzungen der SGZBB 46

A noter dans votre agenda 48

par_2012_03_participation_28.indd 1

PARTicipation 3.14

1

Newsletter der SGZBB (Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Behinderten- und Betagten-Zahnmedizin)

Edition 29 / März 2014

Schwerpunktthemen

• La Section Dentaire de

l'Université de Genève 2

• Alterszahnmedizin

als unmittelbare

Herausforderung –

aber welche?

40

• Antrittsvorlesung von

PD Dr. Joannis Katsoulis 42

26. Symposion

• 26. Symposion

16. Januar 2014

8

• Alle nach Genf

Allez à Genève

Tutti a Ginevra/Genevra

11

• Die Macht des Muttermahls 12

• Der Andere und ich.

Ich bin der Andere. In

wessen Haut stecke ich?

Wer steckt in mir?

18

• Ich bin … der andere

Körper: Philosophie und

Transplantationsmedizin 22

• Ich bin der Andere:

Hilfe die Konkurrenz! 26

• Erste Erfahrungen mit

Menschen mit einer kognitiven

Beeinträchtigung in der

zahnärztlichen Praxis 30

• Der Andere und ich in

der Heilpädagogischen

Früherziehung

32

• Orale Gesundheit an

Demenz erkrankter

Menschen

34

• Podiumsgespräch

«Ich bin der Andere» –

«Je suis l'autre»

38

Vermischtes

• Fragen an Frauke Müller 3

• Fragen an Christian Mürner 16

• Fragen an Joannis Katsoulis 43

• Bücherspiegel

45

• ALS und Lachgas

45

• 23ème Congrès annuel

SGZBB

46

A noter dans votre agenda 48

Editorial

Chères Consœurs, chers

Confrères, chers Amis

Cette année, c’e

st au tour de

Genève d’organiser le congrès

annuel de la SGZBB et c’est avec

un immense plaisir

que nous

vous invitons à y participer !

Le Comité scientifiq

ue, cette an-

née sous la Présidence du PD Dr

Martin Schimmel, a préparé u

n

excellent programme sur deux

grands thèmes novateurs:

• Dans la matinée, nous trai-

terons de prévention et de

dépistage, c’est-à-dire d

es

signes d’alerte chez les per-

sonnes encore indépendantes

et vivant à domicile. Ce

dépistage précoce, souvent

négligé, pourrait mener à

bien des examens et des soins

pour prévenir des situations

désastreuses. A terme en

effet, les patients deviennent

dépendants pour les activités

de la vie quotidienne et sont

institutionnalisés ou prise

en

charge à domicile. Peut-on

anticiper tout problème ? Bien

évidemment non, car le vieil-

lissement et la polymorbidité

font payer leur tribut et ren-

dent difficile l

’hygiène bucco-

dentaire, ainsi que les soins.

Au-delà de la bouche, le den-

tiste est un professionnel de la

santé qui est en contact avec

quasiment toute la population

d’une manière ré

gulière. Pour

cette raison, c’e

st parfois nous

qui sommes les premiers à no-

ter les signes précoces d’une

démence, d’une maladie de

Parkinson ou d’un diabète.

C’est le Professeur Besimo,

qui traitera ce su

jet par son

concept de screening multidi-

mensionnel et c’est le

Profes-

seur Gabriel Gold, Chef du

Service de Gériatrie des HUG

et sommité mondial pour la

démence, qui nous éclairera

sur les signes précoces de la

démence.

Par ailleurs, nous n’oublions

pas le point de vue de

l’hygiéniste dentaire :

nous

nous réjouissons que Cathe-

rine Schubert nous les expo-

sera en détails.

• Après avoir consacré il y a

trois ans toute une journée

sur les handicaps congéni-

taux, nous souhaitons aborder

cette année une th

ématique

rarement évoquée : les handi-

caps acquis pendant la vie.

Plus encore, pour être complet

notre programme fera aussi la

part belle aux présentations de

cas cliniques par la relève des

quatre Université

s : ces exposés

sont toujours très variés et mon-

trent des approches différentes

dans la prise en charge des pa-

tients.

Enfin, la présentation des posters

permettra aux jeunes chercheurs

de la relève de bénéficier d’une

plateforme pour vous présenter

les points d’intérêts actuels. L

e

meilleur poster sera récompensé

par un prix.

En plus d’offrir un programme

scientifique – que j’e

spère attra-

yant et novateur – nous souhai-

tons également attirer spéciale-

ment les consœurs et confrères

de Suisse Alémanique afin qu’ils

profitent de ce congrès pour pas-

ser un week-end à G

enève et dans

notre si pittoresque région lém

a-

nique. Une traduction sim

ulta-

née français-allem

and-français

est organisée pour diminuer

la « barrièr

e linguistiq

ue » qui

pourrait encore re

tenir certains à

faire un voyage en

Romandie. La

Fondation Jeantet offre aussi u

n

cadre convivial pour ce congrès,

ce qui facilite l’échange avec les

collègues ainsi qu’avec les anciens

et nouveaux amis.

Au nom du comité de la SGZBB

et son Comité scientifiq

ue, nous

vous souhaitons cordialement la

bienvenue à Genève le 11 avril

2014.

Frauke Müller

par_2014_01_participation_29.indd 1

21.02.14 11:02

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PARTicipation 4.14 11

24. Jahrestagung · Schwerpunktthema

Challenges of Gerodontology for the General PractitionerMichael MacEntee, University of British Columbia.

The challenge of dental geriatrics for any

clinician begins with personal sensitivities

about death and dying. Resolving personal

concerns about frailty and death, and kno-

wing how one wants to die is the first step in

preparing to help others who are challenged

intimately by the disabilities of old age and

proximity of death. There are many clinical

services represented on the care teams assig-

ned to elderly people, but, as yet, represen-

tatives from the dental professions are not

widely acknowledged by other professions as

essential to good care. Therefore, reaching

out to medical and nursing colleagues is the

second challenge for most dental and dental

hygiene practitioners who wish to continue

serving their aging patients. Unfortunately,

the extent of this challenge is exacerbated by

rapidly changing global demographics. The

size of our aging population is increasing dra-

matically but without an equivalent growth

in the supporting workforce of taxpayers

needed to sustain the health and social ser-

vices expected by the multicultural societies

of most countries today. Concerns have

been raised about the consequences of this

challenge to our future financial and social

security along with suggestions that we seek

simple and relatively inexpensive solutions to

the dental needs of everyone including older

people. The World Health Organization sup-

ports the view that chronic disease – inclu-

ding caries – constitutes the biggest challenge

to healthcare systems everywhere.

Dentistry can address the consequences of

oral impairment and disability to slow the

inevitable physical and cognitive decline of

frailty. However, it is disturbing to see that

most technologically advanced communities

are essentially inattentive to the quality of

care in long-term care facilities, and that still

there are residents who do not even have a

simple toothbrushes or easy access to other

basic oral healthcare supplies. It is no sur-

prise, therefore, that the challenge of aspira-

tion pneumonia, which is the leading cause

of death in old age, flourishes despite the

known benefits of oral hygiene as a practical

and inexpensive way to reduce the risk of

pneumonia in hospitals and nursing facilities.

It is in the context of this widespread neglect

and apparent lack of concern for oral health-

care that the general practitioner must view

the challenges of gerodontology. It is also in

a social and therapeutic context where sugar

consumption is encouraged by aggressive

marketing, and, as a consequence, frail elder

caries (FEC) poses a serious threat to life and

well-being. This particular challenge of FEC

increases further when physicians prescribe

medications that disturb saliva but fail to in-

form patients about the essential homeostatic

role of saliva in oral and general health.

Dentists also exacerbate the challenge of

gerodontology by providing technologically

complicated treatments, such as prostheses

with multiple implants, without acknowled-

ging and addressing the additional difficulty

that implant-prostheses impose on oral hy-

giene along with the increased risk of aspira-

tion pneumonia. Finally, on a personal and a

professional level, the most persistent and un-

acknowledged challenge to all clinical prac-

titioners comes from the uncertainty of our

treatments, and from a need for simplicity

and sustainability in all of the care we pro-

vide. Only then can we address adequately

the grand challenge of helping to maintain

the dignity and serenity of our patients as

they cope with their frailty and decline.

Michael MacEntee

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12 PARTicipation 4.14

Zähne im Alter: wichtiger denn je zuvor! Martin Schimmel

Das Schweizerische Gesundheitsobser-

vatorium (Obsan) prognostiziert, dass in

der Schweiz zwischen 2008 und 2030 die

Zahl der über 65-jährigen Einwohner von

1'280'000 auf 2'115'000 ansteigen wird.

Die Zahl pflegedürftiger Menschen könnte

im gleichen Zeitraum um 50% auf bis zu

230'000 ansteigen [1]. Die Schweizerische

Zahnärzteschaft stellt sich auf die damit ver-

bundenen Herausforderungen ein.

Eine vernachlässigte Mundhygiene kann

durch Karies und Zahnfleischerkrankungen

zu Schmerzen, Infektionen, Abszessen und

Zahnverlust führen. Dies schränkt die Le-

bensqualität und auch die Fähigkeit zu kauen

erheblich ein. Die gemeinsame Mahlzeit im

Freundes- oder Bekanntenkreis ist ein sehr

wichtiger sozialer Fixpunkt im Leben älterer

und pflegebedürftiger Menschen; insuffi-

ziente Prothesen oder Schmerzen im Mund

beeinträchtigen diese soziale Interaktion

erheblich. Das Selbstwertgefühl verringert

sich, wenn mangelhafte Prothesen oder

Frontzahnlücken vorhanden sind. Auch kann

durch Schwierigkeiten beim Kauen eine

Protein-Energie-Mangelernährung begüns-

tigt werden.

Darüberhinaus haben Studien gezeigt, dass

Infektionen im Mund negative Auswirkun-

gen auf den ganzen Organismus haben kön-

nen. Bei Menschen mit Schluckstörungen,

eine vielfach anzutreffende Erkrankung im

Alter, werden häufig orale Keime in Bron-

chien und Lunge verschleppt [2]. Dies kann

zu lebensbedrohlichen Lungenentzündungen

(Aspirationspneumonien) führen. Patienten

mit Zahnfleischerkrankungen sind häufiger

von Schlaganfällen und Herz-Kreislaufer-

krankungen betroffen als Menschen mit

einer intakten Mundgesundheit; auch ein

Zusammenhang mit einigen Diabetestypen

ist statistisch belegt [3]. Eine Zahnfleischbe-

handlung kann sogar die Kontrolle des Blut-

zuckerspiegels günstig beeinflussen [4].

Diese zahnärztliche Betreuung älterer Men-

schen sollte vor allem einen vorbeugenden

Charakter haben, um Infektionen zu ver-

meiden und Schmerzen zu verhindern. Eine

adäquate Mund- und Prothesenhygiene ist

dabei besonders entscheidend. Dies gilt vor

allem für Menschen, die an Demenz erkrankt

sind und bei der Mundhygiene auf Hilfe

angewiesen sind. In der Palliativbetreuung

sollte ebenfalls eine zahnärztliche Betreuung

als Teil des Pflegekonzeptes integriert sein

[5].

An den Zahnmedizinischen Kliniken der

Universität Bern zmk bern findet das Thema

Gerodontologie starke Beachtung. Nach

Einrichtung eines eigenen Lehrstuhls im Jahr

2014 wird die Ausbildung der Studierenden

hierin intensiviert. Kooperationen mit der

Geriatrie des Inselspitals unter Leitung von

Prof. Andres Stuck sollen helfen, Studieren-

den und Zahnärzten auch allgemeinmedizi-

nische Aspekte zu vermitteln. Konkrete Pläne

zur praktischen Ausbildung sowie zur verbes-

serten Patientenversorgung sind weit fortge-

schritten. So soll im August 2015 in Zusam-

menarbeit mit der Klinik für Zahnerhaltung

der zmk bern (Leiter Prof. Adrian Lussi) eine

Aussenstation am Berner Spitalzentrum für

Altersmedizin (BESAS) der Siloah in der

Gemeinde Muri/Gümligen eröffnet werden.

Eine enge Zusammenarbeit mit dem Burger-

spittel im Viererfeld (Bern) soll auch dort die

zahnmedizinische Betreuung der Bewohner

sicherstellen.

Bibliographie

1. Bayer-Oglesby, L. and F. Höpflinger, Sta-

tistische Grundlagen zur regionalen Pfle-

geheimplanung in der Schweiz. Methodik

und kantonale Kennzahlen. Vol. Obsan

Bericht 47. 2010, Neuchâtel: Schweizeri-

sches Gesundheitsobservatorium (Obsan).

2. van der Maarel-Wierink, C.D., et al.,

Meta-analysis of dysphagia and aspiration

pneumonia in frail elders. J Dent Res,

2011. 90(12): p. 1398-404.

3. Joshipura, K.J., et al., Periodontal disease,

tooth loss, and incidence of ischemic stroke.

Stroke, 2003. 34(1): p. 47-52.

4. Preshaw, P.M., et al., Periodontitis and

diabetes: a two-way relationship. Diabeto-

logia, 2012. 55(1): p. 21-31.

5. Schimmel, M., et al., Palliative care and

complications of cancer therapy, in Oral

Healthcare and the Frail Elder: A Clinical

Perspective. 2010. p. 255.

Alles im Einklang mit den Leitlinien und Stan-

dards der SSO.

Schwerpunktthema · 24. Jahrestagung

Martin Schimmel