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The Creative Destruction of Photography
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Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography

Aug 19, 2015

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Page 1: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography

The Creative Destructionof Photography

Page 2: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography

The Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter coinedthe term Creative Destruction.

Page 3: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography

The Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter coinedthe term Creative Destruction.

To Schumpeter, growth in a capitalist society happened through the introduction of innovations, which in turn create chaos and structural change in 

society.

Page 4: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography

The Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter coinedthe term Creative Destruction.

To Schumpeter, growth in a capitalist society happened through the introduction of innovations, which in turn create chaos and structural change in 

society.The shift from analogue to digital photography is a 

schoolbook example of creative destruction.

Page 5: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography

The Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter coinedthe term Creative Destruction.

To Schumpeter, growth in a capitalist society happened through the introduction of innovations, which in turn create chaos and structural change in 

society.The shift from analogue to digital photography is a 

schoolbook example of creative destruction.h b fThis presentation combines some quotes from 

Schumpeter with images of how the camera industryh b f dhas been transformed.

Page 6: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography

Th i f th f K d k itThe images come from the former Kodak siteoutside of Stockholm, Sweden.

Page 7: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography
Page 8: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography

“Economists are at long last emerging from the stage in which price competition was all they saw In capitalistwhich price competition was all they saw.…In capitalist 

reality…it is not that kind of competition which counts but the competition from the new commodity, the new p y,

technology, the new source of supply, the new type of organization

Page 9: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography
Page 10: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography

…competition which…strikes…existing firms…at their foundations and their very lives. This kind of competition is…much more effective than the other…and [is]…the powerful lever that in the long run expands output.”

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The shift to digital imaging enabled people to take anThe shift to digital imaging enabled people to take an infinite amount of photos at no cost, and made it much 

easier to share them.

Page 12: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography

The shift to digital imaging enabled people to take anThe shift to digital imaging enabled people to take an infinite amount of photos at no cost, and made it much 

easier to share them.But it did so by creating ugly, vandalized buildings like the 

former Kodak site, where film used to be finished.

Page 13: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography

“The capitalist process, not by coincidence but byThe capitalist process, not by coincidence but by virtue of its mechanism, progressively raises the standard of life of the masses. It does so through a sequence of vicissitudes, the severity of which is proportional to the speed of the advance. But it d ff ti l O bl ft th fdoes so effectively. One problem after another of the supply of commodities to the masses has been successfully solved by being brought within thesuccessfully solved by being brought within the reach of the methods of capitalist production.”

Page 14: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography

“New combinations are, as a rule embodied, as it were, in e co b at o s a e, as a u e e bod ed, as t e e,new firms which generally do not arise out of the old ones 

but start producing beside them”

Page 15: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography
Page 16: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography

“It is by no means farfetched or paradoxical to say that t s by o ea s a etc ed o pa ado ca to say t at"progress" unstabilizes the economic world, or that it is by 

virtue of its mechanism a cyclical process “

Page 17: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography

“Economic progress, in capitalist society, means turmoil.”

Page 18: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography
Page 19: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography

“I di id l i i i l b i f h i“Individual innovations imply, by virtue of their nature, a "big" step and a "big" change. A railroad through new 

country i e country not yet served by railroads as soon ascountry, i.e., country not yet served by railroads, as soon as it gets into working order upsets all conditions of location, all cost calculations, all production functions within its , p

radius of influence; and hardly any "ways of doing things" which have been optimal before remain so afterward.”

Page 20: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography
Page 21: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography

“Surely, nothing can be more plain or even more trite common sense than the proposition that innovation…is at p pthe center of practically all the phenomena, difficulties, and 

problems of economic life in capitalist society. “

Page 22: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography
Page 23: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography

“Those revolutions are not strictly incessant; they occur in discrete rushes which are separated from each other bydiscrete rushes which are separated from each other by spans of comparative quiet. The process as a whole works incessantly however, in the sense that there always is either revolution or absorption of the results of revolution, both together forming what are known as business cycles.”

Page 24: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography
Page 25: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography

The former Kodak site serves as a pretty good illustration of this quote from Schumpeter:

Page 26: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography

The former Kodak site serves as a pretty good illustration of this quote from Schumpeter:

“It is not the owner of stage‐coaches who builds railways.”

Page 27: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography

Summing up, Schumpeter suggested that growth is often associated with a rather ugly and unpleasant 

process for many actors.

Page 28: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography

Put differently by a decoration inside the Kodak building:

Page 29: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography
Page 30: Schumpeter and the Creative Destruction of Photography

Christian Sandström is a PhD student at Chalmersstudent at Chalmers 

University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden. HeGothenburg, Sweden. He writes and speaks about disruptive innovation and technological change.

www.christiansandstrom.org

Find out more about Kodak and digital imaging:

www.christiansandstrom.org