School of the Americas Urban Guerrilla Manual

8/11/2019 School of the Americas Urban Guerrilla Manual

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School of the Americas

Urban Guerrilla Manual

INTRODUCTION TO TERRORISM, ITS ORGANIZATIONS, OPERATIONS ANDDEVELOPMENT INTRODUCTION

Many legitimate caue !a"e g#ne $%#m &eing n#n'"i#lent, legal (%#cee, t# "i#lent act#$ te%%#%im) T!e #nly eential ing%e*ient i a lea*e% +!# i +ell t%aine*, *e*icate* an*c!a%imatic t# c!ange t!e ituati#n c#m(letely) Many (at%i#tic (e#(le +it! g##*intenti#n !a"e &een e*uce* &y (#(ula% m#"ement t!at ##n !a"e tu%ne* #ut t# &e t!e#((#ite t!ing #$ +!ic! in $act t!ey +i!e*) T!e late% e%a t# #%l* a% II (%#*uce* a

g%eat num&e% #$ %a*ical caue, (#litical +a% #$ li&e%ati#n, an* alliance, t!at a +ellc%eate* a %#mantic att%acti#n t#+a%* t!e %e"#luti#na%y *elin-uent, t%eating t!em li.e

c!am(i#n #$ t!e (#(ula% caue) Al#ng +it! t!e %#mantic, t!e m#"ement al# att%acte*a g%eat num&e% #$ (%#$ei#nal, a"enging %a*ical, c%iminal an* al# u&"e%i"e agent)T!e tu*ent %e"#lt #$ t!e /0 an* 20, (%#*uce* a g%eat num&e% #$ %a*ical an* i*ealit,#me #$ +!ic! %emaine* in *ii*ent m#"ement an* c!ange* $%#m #ne m#"ement t#an#t!e%) Ot!e%, +!# $elt ym(at!y t#+a%* t!ei% m#"ement +e%e integ%ate* int# n#%malli$e, in t!ei% %e(ecti"e #cietie, +!e%e t!ey +#%.e* until %eac!ing u(e%i#% (#iti#n #$%e(#ni&ility, #% le"el +it!in t!e ame g#"e%nment) S#me #$ t!ee (e#(le, in t!e(%eent, $#%m t!e &ae $#% t!e (e%i(!e%al u((#%t #$ t!ee te%%#%it #%gani3ati#n)

4%ance, Ruia an* Cu&a *em#nt%ate t!at te%%#%im i an im(#%tant (a%t in t!e &eginning

ce%tain m#"ement) In many cae te%%#%it tactic +e%e ue* t# #&tain a%m, ammuniti#n

an* e5(l#i"e) In m#t #$ t!ee cae, li.e in t!e a% #$ Vietnam, te%%#%im (e%$#%mancei a "ital (a%t $%#m t!e &eginning)

T!e te%%#%it in$%at%uctu%e t!at !a%ae* an* te%%i$ie* t!e (#(ulati#n, in Vietnam, +aucce$ul in e(a%ating t!e (#(ulati#n #$ t!e g#"e%nment, an* !el(e* t# *eta&ili3e t!e

(#(ulati#n) T!i +a t!e (#+e%$ul +ea(#n #$ t!e inu%gent) Un$#%tunately, in m#t #$cae, t!e te%%#% t!at %eigne* *u%ing t!e inu%gency +a %e(lace* late% &y intituti#nalte%%#% 6te%%#% &y t!e g#"e%nment7, c%eating m#%e #((%ei#n t!an t!e #ne #$ t!e (%e"i#u%egime) Al# it i +#%t! menti#ning t!at +it! $e+ e5ce(ti#n m#t #$ t!e te%%#%it +e%eeliminate* #$ t!ei% (#iti#n, #nce t!e inu%%ecti#n +a $inali3e*) Te%%#%it uc! a Stalin,Lenin, T%#t.y, Gue"a%a, Ma%ig!ella an* #t!e%, le$t a "i#lence legacy t!at, in t!e name #$

t!e mae, caue !a.ing t# t!e +#%l*)

T!e in"enti#n #$ inte%nati#nal an* t%annati#nal te%%#%im !a %eulte* in nume%#ug%#u( #$ %e"enge an* !at%e*, in c#unt%ie #$ t!e t!i%* +#%l*, i*e#l#gical me%cena%ie,t!at !a"e lent t!ei% e5(e%ience, .n#+le*ge, an* a%mament t# t!ei% (#litical an*i*e#l#gical allie, any+!e%e in t!e +#%l*) M#t #$ t!e te%%#%it #%gani3ati#n *i$$e% $%#m#ne #t!e% &y i*e#l#gy) In #%*e% t# &egin #u% tu*y #$ inte%nati#nal te%%#%im, $i%t +e mute5amine #me #$ t!e $act#% t!at !a"e c#nt%i&ute* t# t!e *e"el#(ment #$ te%%#%im)


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1) T!e ucce #$ te%%#%im) T!e &%utality #$ te%%#%it i $%e-uently c#m(enate* +it!(u&licity an* (%e)

8) Relati"e a(at!y #$ #me (e#(le t#+a%* te%%#%im, an* t!e a#ciate* "i#lence) T!eg#"e%nment ten* t# $#%get a ##n a t!e te%%#%it act i #"e%) Many aume t!at t!ea&ence #$ in*icati#n mean t!e a&ence #$ a t!%eat)

9) T!e (#(ula% $acinati#n +it! t!e te%%#%it) T!e (e#(le ten* t# a*mi%e t# t!e : $ig!te%againt ty%anny :) Many (e#(le g%ant %#mantic -ualitie t# te%%#%it eeing t!em a$%ee*#m $ig!te%, #% !e%#e)

;) Te%%#%im i a t##l in u((#%t #$ t!e c#n"enti#nal +a%) Many inu%%ecti#n !a"e &egun+it! !ig! le"el #$ te%%#%it acti"ity) Te%%#% !a &een ue* ucce$ully t# u((#%tc#n"enti#nal #(e%ati#n an* t# u&"e%t t!e c#n"enti#nal m#%ality, t!e la+ #$ *i(l#macy,an* t!e milita%y la+)

II) T!e Te%%#%it)

4%e*e%ic. uti$ie mean, an* +!at t!ey a%e *#ing i in %e(%eentati#n #$ t!emae) T!ey a%e muc! le (%e*icta&le) T!e $act i t!at in m#t cae, (#litical te%%#%it*# n#t !a"e t!e u((#%t #$ m#t #$ t!e (#(ulati#n)


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all te%%#%it act a%e c#ni*e%e* a c%iminal act, an* t!e%e$#%e all te%%#%it a%e c%iminal) Inmany cae, t!e (#litical te%%#%it #%gani3ati#n mut (%#"i*e $#% t!ei% neceitie +it!c%iminal act) =an. %#&&e%ie, %e$e%%e* t# &y Lenin a, :e5(%#(%iati#n, : a%e c#mm#n

mean t# #&tain #(e%ati#nal neceitie) In many cae, t!e m#%e #(!iticate* te%%#%it#%gani3ati#n !a"e (ecial cell, t!at (eciali3e in t!ee acti"itie 6g%#u( +!# #nly(u%(#e i t# teal m#ney7) IMPOTANT NOTE T!e +#%l*+i*e ytem #$ te%%#%itu((#%t (%#"i*e t!e te%%#%it +it! many #$ t!ei% %e-ui%ement, uc! a (#n#% *#natingm#ney, an* it eliminate, in #me cae t!e neceity #$ t!ee *ange%#u acti"itie) T!eGe%man $acti#n #$ Re* =%iga*e, al# .n#+n a G%u(# =aa*e%'Mien!#$ , ue* ic@(ata6c%a3ie7 in t!ei% #(e%ati#n) S#me #$ t!ee aain +e%e #%gani3e* in (ecial g%#u(t!at ue* t!e te%%#%it acti"ity a a $#%m #$ t!e%a(yB One #$ t!e &et .n#+n g%#u(, #$ t!inatu%e, +a calle* t!e :C#llecti"e Patient #$


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'T!e te%%#%it mut (%#"e t!ei% c%e*i&ility c%eating t!e &elie$ t!at t!ey !a"e m#%e (#+e%,m#%e (#(ula% u((#%t, an* m#%e in$luence t!an #ne in $act !a)

IV) Clai$icati#n #$ t!e #%gani3ati#n acc#%*ing t# it O(e%ati#n)

A) Nati#nal 6D#metic Te%%#%it7) T!ey a(i%e, gene%ally, t# (#litical in$luence, an*(#+e%) T!ey #(e%ate +it!in t!ei% #+n c#unt%y, an* t!ey can %ecei"e e5te%nal ai*) Anyacti"ity #uti*e it #+n c#unt%y (lace t# t!ee g%#u( in an#t!e% categ#%y 6t%annati#nal#% inte%nati#nal7)

=) T%annati#nal Te%%#%it) T!ey #(e%ate c%#ing nati#nal %*e%, #uti*e t!e c#nt%#l #$t!e g#"e%nment, an* can %ecei"e u((#%t an* anctua%y $%#m #t!e% c#unt%ie) M#t #$ t!e(%eent g%#u( $all un*e% t!i categ#%y)

C) Inte%nati#nal Te%%#%it) A%e un*e% t!e c#nt%#l #$ a g#"e%nment, #(e%ate c%#inginte%nati#nal %*e%, an* t!ei% acti#n %e(%eent t!e inte%et #$ a c#unt%y #% #"e%eigntate)

IV) Clai$icati#n #$ Te%%#%it G%#u( &y t!ei% M#ti"ati#n)

A) Min#%ity an* Nati#nalitic g%#u() T!ey gene%ally $ig!t t# eta&li! a nati#nalitici*entity #% t# im(%#"e t!ei% c#n*iti#n) T!e Tu(ama%#, in U%uguay &egan a an In*ianm#"ement t# im(%#"e t!ei% c#n*iti#n) T!e ame c#n*iti#n gene%ally e5it in #t!e%c#unt%ie +!e%e t!e%e i *ic%iminati#n an* (#"e%ty)

=) Se(a%atit) Se(a%atit +ant an a*minit%ati#n #% e(a%ate* c#unt%y #$ t!ei% #+n)

Many #$ t!ee (%ee* m#"ement !a"e &een u&(ille* #nce t!ei% tatu #$ $%ee*#m !a&een g%ante*) T!e O%ganiati#n calle* t!e Nati#nal Li&e%ati#n 6Pue%t# Ric#7 in t!e Unite*State, i #ne e5am(le #$ an #%g) $ig!ting $#% in*e(en*ence $#% Pue%t# Ric#)


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g%#u() T!e Re"#luti#na%y Meeting #$ C##%*inati#n, a g%#u( #$ inte%nati#nal te%%#%itu((#%t, i c#ni*e%e* an i*e#l#gical me%cena%y g%#u()

4) C#unte% Te%%#%it) T!ey ue t!e te%%#%im t# $ig!t t# te%%#%im) Many #$ t!ee g%#u(eme%ge* a an an+e% t# te%%#%im acti"itie) T!ee g%#u( a%e m#%e c#mm#n t!en it +a(%e"i#uly t!#ug!t) An e5am(le i t!e Ulte% te%%#%it t!at $ig!t t!e IRA)

G) Te%%#%it #$ t!e Eta&li!ment) T!ey #(e%ate +it! t!e (e%mii#n #$ t!e g#"e%nment#% +it! it u((#%t) T!i $#%m #$ te%%#% gene%ally i ue* t# .ee( t!e (#(ulati#nu&mii"e #% t# maintain t!e e5iting %egime in t!e (#+e%) T!e ec%et (#lice ue* &y t!eS#"iet Uni#n, can &e c#ni*e%e* te%%#%it) In #me cae, t!e g#"e%nment *enie all%e(#ni&ility $#% t!e inci*ent)


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E) Ge#(#litical 6ge#g%a(!ical *i(ute7) Di(ute #$ %*e%, ilan*, #% t!e a&ility t#c#nt%#l t!e %*e% caue "i#lence)

4) Religi#u c#n$lict an* *i$$e%ence can %eult in "i#lence) S#me %eligi#n a((%#"e #$"i#lence, an* ue %eligi#u %ea#n t# >uti$y t!ei% "i#lent acti#n)

G) 4#%eign In$luence) T!e%e a%e g%#u( in t!e +#%l* t!at +#ul* ue "i#lence i$ t!ey !a*t%aining, m#ney, an* a%mament) !at t!ey nee* i a :(#n#%:)

C#mm#n C!a%acte%itic #$ a Te%%#%it C%ii

1) T!e te%%#%it c%ii i #$ "e%y !#%t *u%ati#n)

8) T!e acti"itie (%e"i#u t# t!e c%ii ten* t# &e %#utine)

9) T!e%e i Relati"ely little antici(ati#n t# t!e te%%#%it act)

;) T!e t!%eat in te%%#%it c%ie i *e"el#(e* -uic.ly)

Ma%5it Re"#luti#na%ie

T!e%e i n# *#u&t t!at t!e Ma%5it g%#u( *#minate t!e +#%l* #$ te%%#%it acti"itie) T!eMa%5it i*e#l#gy t# &egin, an* t# u((#%t, li&e%ati#n +a% i +ell'.n#+n a #ne #$ t!ema>#% catalytic element #$ te%%#%im) T!e main mii#n #$ Ma%5im %emain +it!#utc!ange, #nly t!e tactic an* t%ategie !a"e c!ange* *e(en*ing #n t!e (e#(le an* t!e

a%ea) All t!e Ma%5it $acti#n claim t# &e t%ue Ma%5it)

A) Ma%5it'Leninit) T!ey ue t!e t%a*iti#nal a((%#ac!e #$ in$ilt%ati#n an* u&"e%i#n)P%#$eing t!e (aci$it e5itence +!en it &%ing &ene$it) T!e te%%#%it in ea%c! #$ (#+e% iue* t# em(!ai3e (#litical (#int, an* i ue* "e%y electi"ely) =ut #nce t!e c#nt%#l #$t!e g#"e%nment i au%e*, t!e *ictat#%!i( #$ t!e (%#leta%iat ta.e c#nt%#l)

=) T%#t.yite) =ae* #n t!e Ma%5it (!il##(!ie #$ Le#n T%#t.y an* it R##mInte%nati#nal) T!e T%#t.yite (lea* $#% inte%nati#nal %e"#luti#na%y te%%#% an* t!euni$icati#n #$ t!e te%%#%it g%#u( +!e%e it i (#i&le) Acc#%*ing t# t!i ytem, eac!

(#litical (a%ty !a a te%%#%it a%m t!at #(e%ate clan*etinely, *eta&ili3ing t!e g#"e%nmentuntil t!e (#int +!e%e a (#ntane#u %e"#luti#n can &e initiate*) #int te%%#%it (lanning,mutual u((#%t, an* t%aining in multi(le *ici(line, a%e integ%al (a%t #$ t!e T%#t.yiteytem) T!e %e"#luti#n .ill in*i"i*ual t# intimi*ate t!e t!#uan*)

C) Ma#it) =ae* #n t!e (#litical an* te%%#%it (!il##(!ie #$ Ma# Te'tung) T!e (!%ae:(#licy g%#+ $%#m t!e &a%%el #$ a (it#l: i $#%ce* #n t!e (e#(le) T!e (#litical


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#%gani3ati#n, an* t!e (#litician mut &e u%%#un*e* in te%%#%im) T!ey cann#t !a"et%uce #% acc#mm#*ati#n +it! t!e enemy)

D) Cat%#'Gue"a%a) T!e %e"#luti#n &egin +it! a (!yical %ie #$ t!e mae 6t!e t#+n7)Te%%#% i ue* t# (%e(a%e t!e mae $#% t!e c!ange) Te%%#%im i ue* electi"ely, an* $#%(#litical %ea#n) T!e %e"#luti#na%y acti"itie mut &egin in t!e %u%al a%ea, i#lating t!e%e"#luti#n $%#m t!e citie an* $#%cing t!e u%&an (#(ulati#n t# %ie againt t!eg#"e%nment) T!i ytem #nly +a ucce$ul in CH&a) E%net# : C!e : Gue"a%aattem(te* a imila% ytem in =#li"ia +it!#ut ucce, C!e +a ca(tu%e* an* !#t inSe(tem&e% #$ 1/2) T!i met!#* i &eing m#*i$ie* $#% Latin an* Cent%al Ame%icanc#unt%ie li.e Ang#la an* Et!i#(ia) Met!#* #$ O(e%ati#n #$ t!e Te%%#%it a%e(%e*icta&le) In m#t #$ t!e cae, t!ey #(e%ate in mall &an* #$ i5) Gene%ally, t!eacti"itie, an* t!e ta%get, a%e #lely limite* &y t!e a&ility #$ t!e te%%#%itJc#mmunicati#n, c#nt%#l #$ t!e #(e%ati#n an* t!e gene%al ecu%ity) T!e te%%#%it ue #mec#mmunicati#n e-ui(ment gene%ally t# $#ll#+ t!e %eacti#n #$ t!e (#(ulati#n, an* t!eacti"itie #$ t!e aut!#%itie) T!ee te%%#%it *%e uita&ly t# &e a&le t# !i*e eaily in t!ei%atm#(!e%e) T!ey c#mm#nly inclu*e a *i"e%i#na%y element, t# en* t!e aut!#%itiet#+a%* an#t!e% *i%ecti#n, %ig!t &e$#%e an attac.)

Vll) St%uctu%e #$ t!e Te%%#%it #%gani3ati#n)

M#t #$ t!e te%%#%it #%gani3ati#n a%e t%uctu%e* t# #(e%ate in mall cell) T!e in$ilt%ati#n#$ t!ee #%gani3ati#n i *i$$icult t# n# en*) T!e%e$#%e, "e%y little i .n#+n) =ut t%uctu%e,ecu%ity an* c#mmunicati#n, a%e t!e $i%t c#ni*e%ati#n in t!e t%uctu%e #$ an#%gani3ati#n) Li.e in m#t #$ t!e milita%y unit, t!e &aic element a%e t!e c#mman*#g%#u( , t!e ecti#n #$ intelligence, t!e u((#%t ecti#n, an* t!e ecti#n #$ aault) Sec%ecyi t!e (%inci(al ing%e*ient $#% t!e te%%#%it ucce, an* can #nly &e maintaine* +it!

in*i"i*ual *ici(line, an* g##* #%gani3ati#n)

Te%%#%it Tactic) 4inally +e +ill menti#n #me #$ t!e m#%e c#mm#n te%%#%it tactic)

A) =#m&ing) T!i it i t!e met!#* #$ attac. m#t c#mm#nly ue*) Placing (%e(#iti#ne*m& all#+ t!e te%%#%it t# &e $a% a+ay +!en t!e *et#nati#n !a((en) Ot!e% m& can&e *et#nate* &y elect%#nic, %em#te c#nt%#l, an* time%) M#t #$ t!e m& a%e ma*e(eci$ically $#% t!e mii#n an* ta%get) S#me #$ t!e c#mm#n ty(e &ut a%e Anti(e%#nnele5(l#i"e, *ynamite, an* ca% m&) =#m& a%e an e$$ecti"e t##l t# att%act t!e attenti#n#$ t!e >#u%nalit &ecaue t!ey a%e *%amatic)

=) Mu%*e%) Mu%*e% a%e t!e #l*et met!#* #$ te%%#%it attac., an* t!e ec#n* m#t ue*m#*e%n met!#*) It i %elati"ely eay t# ca%%y #ut, an* can in*ee* &e c#mmitte* $%#m a*itance +it! a "a%iety #$ a%mament an* *e"ice)

C) Plane ac.ing) Ae%#'.i*na((ing an* attac. #n c#mme%cial ai%(lane in t!e ai% an*#n t!e g%#un* 6in t!e ai%(#%t7 !a"e eme%ge* a a #ne #$ t!e te%%#%it .ne+ tactic, an*


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t!%eat againt "ulne%a&le +ay #$ t%an(#%tati#n) Alt!#ug! (lane !i>ac.ing !a &een*#cumente* $%#m t!e 190, it !a c#me inc%eae* ince t!e en* #$ #%l* a% II)

D) Ki*na((ing) T!e .i*na((ing t# #&tain #me ty(e #$ c#ncei#n i n#t a ne+ tactic $#%t!e te%%#%it) It !a &een (%actice* in #ne $#%m #% an#t!e% $#% centu%ie) =ut .i*na((ing#lely $#% (#litical %ea#n, *i* n#t igni$icantly inc%eae until t!e 1/0)

E) A%me* attac.) A%me* attac. againt tatic $acilitie a%e an in*icati#n #$ a*"ance*tage #$ te%%#%it #(e%ati#n) It i a %e$lecti#n #$ a %e$inement #$ tactic, t%aining, an*accei&ility t# a%mament, c#mmunicati#n, an* c#mman* an* c#nt%#l) Alt!#ug! many#$ t!ee attac. !a((en in t!e c#unt%yi*e, an inc%eae in t!i ty(e #$ acti"ity, in t!e u%&anen"i%#nment, i &eing %e(#%te*)

4) Am&u!e) Am&u!e an* #t!e% t%a( can &e ue* t# .ill (e%#nnel, *et%#y "e!icle,t# .i*na(, t# ca(tu%e a%m, ammuniti#n, %a*i#, an* #t!e% e-ui(ment) Am&u!e a%e al#ue* t# (%e"ent %ein$#%cement $%#m a%%i"ing)

G) Occu(ati#n) T!e #ccu(ati#n #$ $acilitie, &uil*ing, #% c!##l i mainly ue* $#% t!ei%*%amatic e$$ect, (%#(agan*a #% in$#%me* c#"e%) All #ccu(ati#n !a"e *e$ine* time #$&eginning an* en*)

Selecti#n #$ Ta%get) =aically, all te%%#%it ta%get can &e clai$ie* a ymlic #%(%agmatic 6(%actical7) In m#t #$ t!e cae, t!e ta%get i ymlic in natu%e, *eigne* t#ma.e a tatement, t# c%eate a climate #$ $ea%, inecu%ity, an* (anic) T!e te%%#%it gene%ally,elect t!ei% ta%get &y t!ei% ymlic "alue, t!ei% (#+e% #$ (u&licity, a&ility t# in$luencet!e (u&lic, an* t# *em#nt%ate t!at t!e aut!#%itie a%e inca(a&le t# (%#"i*e (%#tecti#n $#%t!ei% citi3en) T!e (%agmatic ta%get inclu*e? *et%ucti#n, mu%*e% #$ (#+e%$ul #$$icial,

%#&&e%y, %e"#luti#na%y acti"itie, etc) T!e i*eal ta%get a%e (%agmatic, an* ymlicimultane#uly, an* c#ul* inclu*e t!e *et%ucti#n #$ utilitie, *am, ytem #$t%an(#%tati#n, an* #t!e% e%"ice) T!e &ene$it t!at t!e te%%#%it #&tain $%#m t!ee acta%e "a%ie*) I$ t!e ue #$ $acilitie a%e *et%#ye* it c%eate (u&licity, e(ecially +!en it iacc#m(anie* &y an #$$icial n#tice, an* caue inc#n"enience t# t!e (#(ulati#n,inte%%u(ting t!e n#%mal #%*e% #$ li$e, an* e%#*ing t!e (u&lic c#n$i*ence in t!e a&ility #$t!e g#"e%nment t# g#"e%n)

T!e ta%get inclu*e

1) Milita%y Ta%get

8)


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) L#gitic

/) T%an(#%tati#n

2) C#mme%ce

) St%uctu%e

ARMS O4 Tecti"e, +!en &%ea.ing t!e ttle


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i e5(#e* t# t!e mi5tu%e an* t# t!e #(en $lame cauing an intantane#u $i%e) Al# #necan &e ma*e t!at ignite #n c#ntact +it! an #&>ect +it!#ut !a"ing t# ignite t!e +ic.) T!em#t c#mm#n +ay t# ma.e t!i ty(e +#ul* &e t# mi5 c!l#%ate #$ (#taium +it! uga%,

an* +ate%, t# $#%m a emi't!ic. li-ui*) 4a&%ic t%i( a%e #a.e* in t!i li-ui* an* a%eall#+e* t# *%y) A*!e%e t!ee *%y t%i( +it! tic.y ta(e a$te% !a"ing $ille* t!e ttle +it!t!e mi5tu%e #$ ga#line an* #il) it! muc! ca%e ta.en, #ne #% t+# #unce #$ ul$u%ic aci*i a**e*) T!e aci* +ill n#t mi5 +it! t!e mi5tu%e an* +ill e(a%ate, t# t!e tt#m #$ t!ettle) !en &%ea.ing t!e ttle againt t!e #&>ecti"e t!e aci* +ill ente% c#ntact +it! t!e$a&%ic im(%egnate* +it!, c!l#%ate #$ (#taium an* uga%, cauing an intantane#u $i%ean* t!e c#m&uti#n #$ t!e mi5tu%e #$ ga#line an* #il)

;) Ga#line Tan. E5(l#i"e #$ Ga#line Tan.) Ga#line tan. e5(l#i"e can *#ne ine"e%al $#%m, +e +ill *icu t+# $#%m &%ie$ly)

a) Uing a *%ill #$ !ig! (ee* ma.e a mall !#le in a (ing'(#ng) it! a !y(#*e%micnee*le $ill t!e &all +it! li-ui* D%an#) T!e !#le #$ t!e &all, +it! glue, i eale*) T!e &all##n i int%#*uce* in t!e ga#line tan. #$ t!e ca%) In 90 minute t!e ga#line +ill *et%#yt!e (ing'(#ng &all all#+ing t!e D%an# t# ma.e c#ntact +it! t!e ga#line cauing ane5(l#i"e %eacti#n)

&) T!ey #&tain gelatin ca(ule an* a mall ammuniti#n i a**e* t# in. it 6#met!ing

!ea"y i (lace* in t!e ca(ule # it +ill n#t $l#at in t!e ga tan.7) Piece #$ #*ium an*calcium ca%nate a%e a**e* in mall am#unt t# t!e gelatin ca(ule) Ca(ule mut &e.e(t in (latic t# .ee( t!em, *%y an* $%ee #$ !umi*ity) T!%ee #% $#u% ca(ule a%eint%#*uce* t# t!e aut#m#&ile in -ueti#n) In minute t!e ca(ule +ill *iinteg%ate(%#*ucing an e5(l#i"e ga t!at caue* an e5(l#i#n a +ell)

) Ot!e%) Many (%#*uct uc! a t!e (!#(!#%u, can caue $i%e) A $e+ *%#( #$c!l#%ine #il can caue a $i%e +it!in 80 minute #% le, *e(en*ing #n t!e $%e!ne #$c!l#%ine)

II) =#m&) T!e ue #$ m& !a &een ue* e$$ecti"ely *ue t# l#+ c#t, t!e a"aila&ility #$t!e mate%ial $#% it c#nt%ucti#n, an* it im(le met!#* #$ c#nt%ucti#n) Al# it ue iatt%acti"e t# t!e (%e) T!e te%%#%it can *et#nate a m& &y many met!#*, uc! a%em#te c#nt%#l, (%eu%e #% li&e%ati#n #$ (%eu%e, time, etc) In m#t #$ t!e cae t!em& a%e *et#nate* at t!e (%ecie m#ment t# caue t!e g%eatet am#unt #$ *et%ucti#n,*eat! an* attenti#n #$ t!e (%e)

A) Ca%'m&) In many cae (%#(ane ga !a &een ue* t# inc%eae t!e e5(l#i"e (#+e%#$ t!e *ynamite) Nail, gla, teel, #% #t!e% a&%ai"e mate%ial a%e a**e* t# inc%eae t!e*amage caue* &y t!e m&) Since t!e $%agment (%#*uce* &y t!ee e5(l#i#n a%e n#tc#nt%#lla&le t!e "ictim in all t!e cae inclu*e c!il*%en, +#man an* t!e #l*)

III) Ot!e% A%m an* Acce#%ie)


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e menti#ne* (%e"i#uly t!at t!e te%%#%it a%m !a"e t!%ee &aic %e-ui%ement

A) im(licity

=) e$$iciency

C) a"aila&ility

In a**iti#n t# t!ee t!%ee c!a%acte%itic t!e ammuniti#n mut &e eaily a"aila&le) 4#% t!ec#n*ucti#n #$ u%&an te%%#%im, t!e a%m mut &e eay t# !i*e, # t!e miniatu%i3ati#n ieential) !en t!ee c!a%acte%itic a%e c#m&ine* +it! eay accei&ility t# t!e a%m,an* t!e a((%#(%iate ammuniti#n, t!e (e%$ect +ea(#n #$ te%%#% i %n)

A) A%m) T!e $#ll#+ing a%m !a"e t!e menti#ne* %e-ui%ement, m#%e #% le in ce%tain*eg%ee) S#me a%e m#%e e$$icient t!at #t!e% &ut all meet t!e %e-ui%ement) T!ee a%e t!ea%m #$ t!e te%%#%im)

1) Kala!ni.#" #% AK;2) T!e ucce #$ t!i +ea(#n i &ae* #$ it %elia&ility) It +#%.e*+ell in Vietnam un*e% c#n*iti#n t!at caue* t# *amage t# M'1/) It can t#tally &ec#"e%e* +it! mu*, an* #% mu* an* till t# +#%. uita&ly) An im(%#"e* "e%i#n, t!eAK2;, ente%e* e%"ice in 10) It !##t t!e malle% 6);mm "e%u 2,/87, #%, )889,

+!ic! &egin t# tu%n a%#un* m#%e -uic.ly t!an t!e )90 +!en it !it t!e ta%get ma.ing itm#%e let!al) Al# it !a le %ec#il an* : it *#e n#t clim& : li.e t!e AK;2 +!en it i !#tin aut#matic) T!i +ea(#n i e5cellent an* %elia&le)

8)


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18

/) SAM'2 St%ela 6A%%#+7) T!e SAM'2 i t!e e"ent! m#*el #$ u%$ace't#'ai% miile(%#*uce* &y t!e S#"iet Uni#n) T!i +ea(#n !a an aut#matic in$%a%e* *i%ecti#n ytemt!at $#ll#+ t!e !eat emitte* &y t!e m#t#% #$ ai%(lane)

2) M8/ G%ena*e) ell'.n#+n $%agmentati#n g%ena*e) T!e inte%nal *et#nati#n #$ t!ig%ena*e, c#il un*e% "#ltage, tu%n it int# a *ea*ly, i*eal anti(e%#nnel +ea(#n, $#% ue &yte%%#%it in (lace #$ aggl#me%ati#n +!e%e t!e ma5imum num&e% #$ +#un*e*, an* te%%#%can &e caue*) It +eig!t #$ 1/ #unce gi"e it g##* &alance $#% launc!ing)

) RPG'2) T!i Ruian +ea(#n i t!e a%tille%y #$ t!e te%%#%im) It +a ue* e5teni"ely&y t!e Vietc#ng an* +a $ea%e* &y t!e #l*ie% a an anti(e%#nnel, a +ell a an antimate%ial +ea(#n) T!i i n#t a (a%ticula%ly (%ecie +ea(#n, e(ecially at l#ng *itancean* in e5t%eme +in*) It i eay t# c#nt%uct an* t# !##t, &ut e5t%eme cauti#n mut &eta.en t!at t!e%e i n# #ne &e!in* t!e +ea(#n +!en it i $i%e*) T!e gae emitte* +!en$i%ing, can caue a muc! *amage a t!e g%ena*e itel$) It gi"e t# t!e in*i"i*ual, t!ea&ility !im t# !##t an e5(l#i"e c!a%ge e-ui"alent t# a m& #$ a"e%age ca(acity) Inu%&an gue%%illa #(e%ati#n it gi"e t# t!e te%%#%it an a%tille%y ca(acity +!en !e *#e n#t!a"e ecu%ity $#%ce in t!e ea%ly tage #$ a c#n$%#ntati#n)

T


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$#% t!e (%#tecti#n #$ it citi3en) 4ea% an* intimi*ati#n in$luence t!e (e#(le t# (e%ua*et!e g#"t t# acce(t t!e te%%#%it *eman*) In #me cae t!e #&>ecti"e #$ t!e te%%#%it i t!e(u&lic in gene%al, a (eci$ic ect#% #$ #ciety, #% an inte%nati#nal *i(l#mat) T!%eatening #%

c#mmitting "i#lent act againt a "ictim, t!e te%%#%it (%#*uce $ea% in t!e "ictim +!#*e(en* #n t!e g#"e%nment $#% (%#tecti#n) At t!e ame time t!e te%%#%it *i%ectly #%in*i%ectly ma.e *eman* t# t!e g#"e%nment, +!#m !#+e"e%, !a t# %eact +it! %e(ect t#t!e te%%#%it, t!e #&>ecti"e an* t!e "ictim) T!e ma me*ia #&"i#uly (lay an im(#%tant%#ll in t!e t%anmii#n #$ *eman*, &ut it m#%e im(#%tant %#ll i c#mmunicati#n&et+een t!e te%%#%it an* !i #&>ecti"e)

T!e Ma>#% P!ae #$ Te%%#%it O(e%ati#n

P!ae #$ P%e'inci*ent Inclu*e acti"itie #$ intelligence, %ec#gniti#n, (lanning an*teting)

N#%mally, te%%#%it #%gani3ati#n ue agent t%aine* (eci$ically $#% intelligencec#llecti#n) T!e electi#n #$ intelligence agent i a ca%e$ul (%#ce t!at inclu*ein"etigati#n #$ l#yalty, an* c#ntant m#nit#%ing &y ecu%ity, +it!#ut t!e .n#+le*ge #$t!e intelligence agent) T!e te%%#%it intelligence agent n#%mally #nly !a"e c#ntact +it! alimite* num&e% #$ (e#(le in t!e !ea*-ua%te% #$ t!e #%gani3ati#n) T+# #% t!%eeintelligence agent can +#%. t#get!e% &ut n#t m#%e t!an t!%ee agent) T!e intelligence

agent a%e gene%ally in t!e Secti#n #$ Di%ect Su((#%t) Gene%al intelligence i c#llecte*c#ntinually) O(e%ati#n, (lan an* l#cati#n a%e electe* *e(en*ing #n gene%alintelligence) In$#%mati#n i c#llecte* #n all (#tential #((#iti#n, #&>ecti"e, (#tential"ictim #$ .i*na((ing, an* mu%*e%) In many cae came%a a%e ue* $#% (%#(e%i*enti$icati#n an* (%e(a%ati#n #$ t!e ta%get) P#litical an* ci"ic !ea* a%e al+ay ta%get #$te%%#%it intelligence) S# a%e !ea* #$ t!e (#lice, an* milita%y lea*e%) T!e intelligence

%e(#%t a%e "ital an* e%"e a t!e &ai #$ t!e te%%#%it (lan) Intelligence gat!e%ing i*i%ecte* t#+a%* a (eci$ic #&>ect uc! a a &uil*ing, $act#%y, (e%#n, "e!icle t# am&u!,#% an ae%ial .i*na((ing 6(lane !i>ac.ing7) In many cae $#% ecu%ity %ea#n, intelligencei c#llecte* #n e"e%al ta%get imultane#uly) In #me cae t!e g%#u( can elect aec#n*a%y #&>ecti"e in cae t!e $i%t mii#n i a%te*) Intelligence #n an #&>ecti"e al#inclu*e a "a%iety #$ met!#*) T!i inclu*e t!e ue #$ came%a, clan*etine elect%#nic t#liten, inte%ce(ti#n #$ tele(!#ne line, %ec#%*ing an* #&e%"ati#n) In any cae intelligence#n an #&>ecti"e i a ca%e$ul, %e(eate* (%#ce, an* in many cae "e%y (%#$ei#nal) Inmany cae t!e te%%#%it intelligence agent (enet%ate t!e #&>ecti"e a%ea t# I)D) t!e(e%#nnel an* t!e 3#ne) T!e agent can &ec#me a $%ien* #$ t!e #&>ecti"e an* &e in a g##*

(#iti#n t# c#llect in$#%mati#n)

Many te%%#%it #%gani3ati#n #(e%ate #n t!e &ai #$ #((#%tunity) T!ei% #&>ecti"e a%e%eac!e* &y mean #$ c#ntant (%eu%e #n t!e g#"e%nment) 4#% e5am(le, t!e e+i!De$ene League c#llect intelligence #n t!e Na3i, G%#u( #$ !ite Su(%emit, Ku Klu5Klan #%gani3ati#n, t!e S#"iet an* t!ei% atellite)


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1;

M#t #$ t!e Ma%5it #%gani3ati#n al# !a"e eta&li!e* alliance +it! #t!e% te%%#%itg%#u( 6g##* i*ea7) Li&ya, $#% e5am(le, $inance* te%%#%it #(e%ati#n +#%l*'+i*einclu*ing #(e%ati#n in t!e Unite* State) A num&e% #$ N#%t! Ame%ican te%%#%it g%#u(

!a"e c#ntact +it! t!e Cu&an *i(l#matic mii#n in t!e Naci#neta) T!e %eal !a%"eting#$ intelligence i *ic#"e%e* &y in$#%mant, in$ilt%ate* agent, #% an#t!e% (e%#nnel +!#.n#+ingly #% n#t'.n#+ingly (%#"i*e t!e te%%#%it +it! intelligence #n t!e #&>ecti"e)S#me in$#%mant can &e $#%ce* t# c##(e%ate) Ot!e% (ecialit %ec%uite* $#% intelligenceinclu*e, c#mmunicati#n (ecialit, elect%#nic an* enginee% (ecialit #$ ala%m ytem,elect%ical enginee%, an* tec!nician +!# can &e in$ilt%ate* +it!#ut u(ici#n) T!ete%%#%it #$ =lac. Se(tem&e%, &e$#%e t!ei% e5ecuti#n #$ t!e maac%e #$ Munic!, !a*in$#%mati#n #n t!e #lym(ic t#+n) T!ey al# !a* t!e u((#%t #$ t!e Re* =%iga*e) T!e4%#nt #$ Li&e%ati#n #$ t!e Ne+ #%l* al# !a ue* in$ilt%ate* agent $#% it attac. t#elect%ical u&tati#n #$ Paci$ic Ga an* Elect%ic) T!e PLO $%e-uently ue in$ilt%ate*agent) An e5am(le !a((ene* in 122 +!en a N#%t! Ame%ican +#man $%#m San Ant#ni#Te5a +a %ec%uite* t# t%a"el t# Tel A"i" an*


15/30

1

Te%%#%it cam(, an* t%aining c!##l, inclu*ing t!e Uni"e%ity Pat%ice Lumum&a inM#c#+, *e*icate e5teni"e time t# t!e int%ucti#n #$ (lanning) In t!e Cam(ingSlaug!te% in Cu&a, ca*%e te%%#%it a%e t%aine* in t!e (%#ce*u%e #$ (lanning all t!e $acet

#$ te%%#%it #(e%ati#n)

C##%*inate* te%%#%it #(e%ati#n, +it! an#t!e% te%%#%it g%#u(, #% in*i"i*ual, a%e t!e m#tc#m(le5 an* t!e (lanning mut &e *etaile* an* c#m(lete) In t!e Unite* State t!eeat!e% Un*e%g%#un* +e%e #uttan*ing in t!ei% c#m(lete an* *etaile* (lanning) it!$e+ e5ce(ti#n, t!ee #%gani3ati#n !a"e &een ucce$ul in c#m(leting t!ei% mii#n+it! (%ecii#n) M#t #$ t!ee g%#u( t!ey !a"e &een t%aine* in CH&a, in PLO cam(, int!e Mi**le Eat, an* #me in t!e S#"iet Uni#n) T#m


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T!e %ec#gniti#n #$ t!e ta%get 3#ne, initially, i *#ne &y intelligence e-ui(ment, an* late%&y t!e lea*e%!i() T!i a(ect #$ t!e #(e%ati#n i "e%y im(#%tant, %e-ui%ing (atience an*a&ility) Se"e%al te%%#%it #(e%ati#n +e%e *ic#"e%e*, &ecaue te%%#%it +!e%e caug!t

+!ile c#llecting intelligence) T# a"#i* *etecti#n, *i$$e%ent u%"eillance team !#ul* ta.e!i$t) In cae #$ c#m(le5 #(e%ati#n, t!e te%%#%it #&tain &uil*ing (lan #$ anintallati#n)

Tet #(e%ati#n a%e %un &e$#%e t!e actual #(e%ati#n) N#%mally, #uti*e t!e ta%get a%ea, inlan* imila% t# t!e ta%get) Se"e%al *i$$e%ent ituati#n a%e *e"el#(e* t# all#+ $#% a *etaile*tet #$ all t!e (#i&ilitie, an* (lan #$ c#ntingency) T!e Paletinian te%%#%it tet t!ei%attac. "e%y +ell, gene%ally t!ey !a"e t!e a*"antage #$ a$e a%ea an* milita%y t%ainingcam() Ot!e% g%#u(, uc! a t!e =aa*e%'Mein!#$, !a* t# tet %un t!ei% #(e%ati#n in%em#te a%ea +it! t%ict ecu%ity) It i al# c#mm#n $#% te%%#%it #%gani3ati#n &ae* #nt!e Unite* State t# tet in t!e citie +!e%e t!e #(e%ati#n +ill #ccu%)

P!ae #$ Initiati#n

T!e (!ae #$ initiati#n %e(%eent +!en t!e #(e%ati#n &egin) Once &egun, gene%ally, it ialm#t im(#i&le t# a%t unle t!i i inclu*e* in (a%t #$ t!e mii#n) T!i inclu*e t!em#"ement t#+a%* t!e #&>ecti"e an* t!e initiati#n #$ t!e attac.)

Aut#m#&ile t!at &el#ng t# t!e gue%%illa #%gani3ati#n, #% t!ei% mem&e%, a%e %egite%e*e"e%al time) In #me cae, t!e "e!icle !a"e &een (ainte* t# a"#i* i*enti$icati#n &y+itnee) In #t!e% cae, t#len ca% a%e ue*) G%#u( uc! a t!e 4acti#n #$ t!e Re*A%my an* t!e =aa*e%'Mein!#$, !a"e t!ei% #+n team #$ (e%#nnel t!at c!ange t!e num&e%#$ t!e m#t#%, t!e (aint, an* clea% all i*enti$ia&le ign t!at +#ul* t%ace t!e ca% t# t!em)N#%mally, $at aut#m#&ile in g##* c#n*iti#n a%e ue*) !en t!e te%%#%it ue (u&lic

t%an(#%tati#n, t!e tic.et a%e #&taine* &y t!e u((#%t ecti#n 6citi3en +!# u((#%t t!ecaue &ut a%e n#t mem&e%7) D#cumentati#n, (a(#%t an* i*enti$icati#n ca%*, a%ec#llecte* &e$#%e t!e &eginning #$ t!e #(e%ati#n) T!e *#cument can &e t#len, alte%e*, #%$ali$ie* &y a (ecialit #% #&taine* $%#m a g#"e%nment +!# u((#%t t!e te%%#%it) Manyte%%#%it t%a"el uing (a(#%t $%#m Li&ya, Sy%ia, I%a- #% Et!i#(ia) Se"e%al mem&e% #$t!e =aa*e%'Mein!#$ g%#u( t%ie* t# ente% t!e Unite* State $%#m Cana*a uing I%an(a(#%t) T!e te%%#%it, Ca%l# Ma%ig!ella, !a* at leat $i"e (a(#%t, +it! !i #+n(!#t#g%a(!y, &ut +it! *i$$e%ent name an* nati#nalitie) S#me #$ t!ee (a(#%t +e%e$#un* in L#n*#n an* Pa%i +it! a g%eat am#unt #$ a%mament an* e5(l#i"e !i**en &yCa%l# in t!e a(a%tment #$ a $%ien*)

S(ecialit, i$ t!ey a%e nee*e* $#% an #(e%ati#n, a%e #&taine* $%#m t!e #uti*e an* t!ei%(a%t #$ t!e #(e%ati#n i e5(laine* t# t!em) T!ee (ecialit, i$ t!ey a%e n#t c#m(letely%elia&le #% mem&e% #$ an#t!e% te%%#%it g%#u(, t!en #nly t!ei% (a%t #$ t!e #(e%ati#n ie5(laine* t# t!em 6again, a nee* t# .n#+ (#licy7) E5(e%t in elect%#nic an* a%mament(%actice t!e #(e%ati#n +it! t!e attac. e-ui(ment) I$ t!ey a%e n#t a"aila&le l#cally, ni(e%$%#m #t!e% #%gani3ati#n a%e inc#%(#%ate*) Secu%ity i #ne #$ t!e m#t im(#%tant a(ectin t!e $inal c##%*inati#n) T!i i t!e m#ment +!en all t!e element a%e &%#ug!t t#get!e%


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an* "ulne%a&ility i t!e g%eatet) Se"e%al meeting may &e necea%y t# au%e ecu%ity)Se"e%al g%#u( meet in t!e *i$$e%ent a%ea, an* t!e $inal meeting i ann#unce* at t!e lat(#i&le minute) Se"e%al (lace $#% t!e meeting a%e electe*, &ut t!e $inal (lace i .e(t a

ec%et until t!e lat m#ment) In t!e $inal meeting, all t!e (#int %elate* t# t!e (#iti#nan* (#iti#n #$ eac! mem&e% a%e *icue*) Peu*#'name a%e ue* t# !i*e t!e name #$t!e lea*e%) T!e "e!icle a%e &%#ug!t an* t!e c#n*uct#% a%e in$#%me* an* gi"en a%m)T!e a%m an* e5(l#i"e a%e e5amine*) Incen*ia%y e5(l#i"e +it! *et#nat#% an**e"ice a%e aem&le* an* e5amine* in e(a%ate* a%ea) S(ecial an* (e%#nal e-ui(menti (ut in (#iti#n) All t!e (e%#nnel %emain in t!e ame gene%al a%ea $#% ecu%ity %ea#n)T!i i al# a "e%y "ulne%a&le time) Se"e%al mem&e% #$ t!e =aa*e%'Mein!#$ g%#u( +e%ea%%ete* *u%ing t!i (e%i#* #$ $inal c##%*inati#n, %ig!t &e$#%e t!e ca%%ying #ut #$ t!ei%#(e%ati#n)

T!e a%%i"al #$ many (e#(le $%#m #t!e% #%gani3ati#n, $%#m #t!e% a%ea, #metime+it!#ut t!e .n#+le*ge #$ t!e te%%#%it lea*e%, (%eent a *ange% t# ecu%ity, an* ma.et!e #(e%ati#n "ulne%a&le t# in$ilt%ati#n &y t!e g#"t) S(ecial (a(e% an* ca%* a%e*it%i&ute* $#% t!e #(e%ati#n) A((%#(%iate cl#t!e $#% t!e #(e%ati#n a%e &%#ug!t) T!i caninclu*e cl#t!e #$ a l#cal ty(e +!ic! i "e%y im(#%tant in inte%nati#nal #(e%ati#n an*t%annati#nal #() Ot!e% element can inclu*e (ecial uni$#%m uc! a (#lice #% +#%.cl#t!e, #&taine* (%e"i#uly &y u((#%t element) T!e Italian Re* =%iga*e ue* uni$#%m#$ t!e Italian Ai% 4#%ce =an* $#% t!e aault team *u%ing t!e .i*na((ing #$ M##%) T!e

=aa*e%'mein!#$$ g%#u( ue uni$#%m #$ c#mmunicati#n (e%#nnel an* maintenance(e%#nnel, $%e-uently) T!e Latin Ame%ican te%%#%it, li.e t!e Vietc#ng, !a"e ue* t!emilita%y uni$#%m #$ t!e g#"e%nment) T!i ty(e #$ *eceit i ue* t# ente% $acilitie #% t#!a((en t!%#ug! ecti#n #$ ecu%ity +it!#ut %aiing u(ici#n)

Lea*e% gi"e t!ei% lat int%ucti#n t# t!ei% agent in ig!t) S#me agent +ill &e !i**en,

#t!e%, &y t!i time, can %emain in t!e ta%get 3#ne +aiting t# &e unite* t# t!e #(e%ati#n) I$#ne t!in. t!at t!e agent in ig!t !a"e n#t &een *ic#"e%e*, t!ey +ill %emain) Ot!e%in$ilt%ate* agent can %emain in t!e ta%get 3#ne t# #(en inne% *##%, t# e5tingui! ala%mytem, #% t# gene%ally !el( t!e te%%#%it t# (enet%ate t!e #&>ecti"e) T!e $inalc##%*inati#n &egin +!en t!e ta%get a%e aigne*) T!e =aa*e%'Mein!#$ g%#u(, an* t!e$acti#n #$ t!e Re* A%my alm#t al+ay ue t!i time $#% t!e $inal %eaignment #$(e%#nnel an* t!e $inal all#cati#n #$ #&>ecti"e) Mem&e% can &e %eaigne* $#% ecu%ity%ea#n)

T!e m#"ement t#+a%* t!e #&>ecti"e in*icate t!e (%inci(le acti"e (!ae) De(en*ing #n

t!e #&>ecti"e, t!e mii#n, an* t!e en"i%#nment, t!e te%%#%it m#"e t#+a%* t!e #&>ecti"ein mall g%#u(, n#%mally &et+een t+# an* t!%ee imultane#uly) I$ t!ey a%e n#t in t!eimme*iate 3#ne #$ t!e #&>ecti"e, t!e te%%#%it m#"e &y clan*etine %#ute, #me time%etu%ning t# *etect (#i&le m#nit#%ing &y t!e g#"t) Secu%ity (e%#nnel n#%mally a%el#cate* t!%#ug!#ut t!e %#ute) In mii#n li.e mu%*e% #% m&ing, t!e te%%#%it m#"ein*i"i*ually an* t!ey meet nea% t!e #&>ecti"e) !en a((lica&le, a a$e !#ue #% ecu%ity3#ne can &e ue* $#% $inal c##%*inati#n) Agent can c!ange cl#t!e in t!e a$e !#ue an**it%i&ute ne+ i*entity ca%* an* (ecial e-ui(ment)


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Mem&e% #$ t!e =aa*e%'Mein!#$, n#%mally t%a"el in*i"i*ually #% in team #$ t+# t#+a%*t!ei% initial t%an(#%tati#n, an* t!en again c!ange "e!icle at leat #nce &e$#%e a%%i"ing at

t!e #&>ecti"e) T!e ESL n#%mally t%a"el in*i"i*ually $%#m t!e a$e !#ue t# t!ei% t%an(#%t,gene%ally uing t!e ame "e!icle t# t!e en*) All t!e element n#%mally meet in*i"i*ually,t# (%e"ent !a"ing t## many #$ t!ei% mem&e% in a (eci$ic 3#ne, +!ic! mig!t caueu(ici#n)

A all t!e mem&e% a%e n#t .n#+n, (ecial cl#t!e #% a (ecial ma%. i ue* $#%i*enti$icati#n) I*entical Cl#t!e a%e n#t ue*) T!e R)=) #$ Italy a%e +ell .n#+n $#% t!ei%ue #$ uit) A**iti#nally, mem&e% #$ t!e g%#u( #$ Ca%l# +#%e at!letic cl#t!e *u%ingt!e .i*na((ing #$ minite% #$ t!e OPEC in 12) At t!i time, e"e%al at!letic e"ent+!e%e !a((ening in Vienna) 6an#t!e% +#%* t!ey &len*e* in +it! t!ei% en"i%#nment7 Att!e inte%nati#nal le"el, *i(l#matic c#at can &e ue* t# t%an(#%t a%mament) T!ee c#at"a%y in i3e $%#m a mall c#at t# a $ull c#at) Li&ya, Sy%ia an* I%a- an* many #t!e% nati#nt!at u((#%t te%%#%im ta.e a*"antage #$ t!i inte%nati#nal (%i"ilege 6+ea%ing *i(l#maticc#at7) It !a &een c#nclu*e* t!at S#"iet SAM'2 !an* !el* miile launc!e% +e%e&%#ug!t t# Nai%#&i, Kenya, !i**en in *i(l#matic c#at an* gi"en t# t!e 4acti#n #$ t!e Re*A%my) T!e ame ituati#n +it! SAM'2 (%#>ectile +a ue* in R#me, +it! t!e te%%#%it#$ =lac. Se(tem&e%) Al# it !a &een *#cumente* t!at IRA u((#%te% !a"e &%#ug!t a%man* e5(l#i"e *i%ectly t# IRA mem&e% in at, an* ai%(lane)

T!e m#t im(#%tant $act#% in te%%#%it attac. i t!e element #$ u%(%ie) E5t%eme ecu%ity(%ecauti#n a%e ta.en, an* all t!e m#"ement an* &uine, i ca%%ie* #ut in c#m(leteec%ecy) T!e attac. mut &e e5ecute* +it! "i#lence an* *%ama i$ it i g#ing t# &eucce$ul) =ecaue in m#t cae t!e g#"e%nment $#%ce +ill &e m#%e nume%#u t!en t!ete%%#%it, t!e #&>ecti"e mut &e ta.en -uic.ly) In #%*e% t# e"a*e &eing +#un*e*, an*

*e$eat, it i eential t# al# !a"e a (%ecie c!e*ule t!at i $#ll#+ +it! %a(i*ity) Again,+!en (#i&le t!e te%%#%it mut elect t!e ite an* t!e !#u% t!at +ill caue t!e m#t(u&licity) T!e mu%*e% #$ t!e P#(e uan Pa&l# II &y Melmet Ali Agca, May 19t!, 11, int!e Seat #$ San Pe*%#, +a tele"ie* e"e%y+!e%e) T!e%e +e%e (ecial (%#g%am %e"ie+ingt!e e"ent) =#m&ing i #ne #$ t!e eaiet attac. $#% te%%#%it) =#m& can &e l#cate* an**et#nate* +it! a %em#te c#nt%#l #% a time%) A al%ea*y menti#ne*, t!e time% can "a%y $%#mminute t# *ay) In 12;, t!e 4acti#n #$ Re* A%my, (lace* a m& #$ 1 .g in a c#lumn#$ a &an. un*e% c#nt%ucti#n) T!e m& +ent #$$ 180 *ay a$te% t!ey !a* $ini!e* t!ec#nt%ucti#n #$ t!e &uil*ing, an* +a $ull #$ (e#(le) Ot!e% met!#* #$ m&ing caninclu*e *eignate* ca%'m& t# aainate t!e #ccu(ant, li.e aut!#%itie, an*

+itnee, #% *et%#y c#mmunicati#n e-ui(ment, $acilitie an* t%uctu%e)

T!e P!ae #$ Neg#tiati#n

T!e (!ae #$ neg#tiati#n i a((lica&le +!en t!e te%%#%it !a"e in t!ei% c#nt%#l #met!ingt# neg#tiate, an* i$ t!e%e i a (#i&ility #$ an inte%c!ange &et+een t!e te%%#%it an* t!eaut!#%itie) T!e te%%#%it ma.e t!ei% *eman* *i%ectly, &y (ecial meenge% #% mame*ia) T!e : neg#tia&le element : can &e !#tage a (a%t #$ a mii#n, #% can &e ta.en


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&y t!e te%%#%it a a c#ntingent) T!e neg#tia&le element al# can &e c!emical $acilitie,e5(l#i"e, agent, #% #t!e% t!ing) T!e (!ae #$ neg#tiati#n i a im(#%tant a t!e #t!e%(!ae, an* *e(en*ing #n t!e "alue #$ t!e neg#tia&le element t!ey can &%ing en#ug!

attenti#n t# t!e te%%#%it an* it caue) T!e te%%#%it *eman* can inclu*e t!e li&e%ati#n #$>aile* te%%#%it, m#ney, (#litical %ec#gniti#n, #% t%an(#%tati#n #uti*e t!e c#unt%y) T!ete%%#%it neg#tiate un*e% t!e t!%eat #$ *eat! t# t!ei% !#tage) T!e im(#%tant (#int #$ t!eneg#tiati#n +it! !#tage i t# a"e li"e)

T!e P!ae #$ Clima5

T!e (!ae #$ clima5 can $#ll#+ t!e (!ae #$ initiati#n, i$ t!e (!ae #$ neg#tiati#n i n#tim(lemente*) T!i i t!e cae in mu%*e% +!en a ingle !#t i $i%e*, #% t!e *et#nati#n #$a m&, +!en t!e%e i n# l#ng time #$ *et#nati#n) In t!i (!ae, t!e ecu%ity i at a !ig!le"el an* t!e %a*i# #$ t!e aut!#%itie a%e ca%e$ully litene* t#) T!e%e i n# (eci$ic lengt!#$ time $#% t!i (!ae)

P#t'Inci*ent P!ae

T!i (!ae inclu*e e"acuati#n, t!e #ccu(ati#n #$ a a$e !#ue #% inte%me*ia%y a%ea an*m#"ement t#+a%* t!e !i*ing (lace, an* in #me cae %etu%ning t# n#%mal li$e i$ t!ete%%#%it i n#t clan*etine) T!i (!ae i >ut a im(#%tant $#% t!e te%%#%it a t!e (%e'

inci*ent (!ae)

T!e te%%#%it ma.e an eca(e t# a (eci$ic a%ea t!at i (%e'(lanne* an* c##%*inate*)C#ntingencie a%e (lanne* in cae t!e te%%#%it $in* +itnee #% (ectat#% at t!ei%eca(e a%ea) Inci*ental !#tage #% (e#(le can &e ue* a !iel*) I$ t!e te%%#%it a%e n#t*ic#"e%e*, cle"e%ne, an* t!e ma5imum ue #$ c#"e%, i ue*) Lea"ing can &e ca%%ie*

#ut in*i"i*ually #% in mall g%#u(, *i(e%ing in e"e%al *i%ecti#n) In m#t #$ t!e cae,t!e te%%#%it a c!ange #$ cl#t!e an* *i$$e%ent i*enti$icati#n *#cument)

T%an(#%tati#n i "e%y im(#%tant +!en ma.ing t!e eca(e) In a l#cal #(e%ati#n, t!e"e!icle ue* can &e c!ange* $%e-uently t# a"#i* *etecti#n) T!e $i%t "e!icle, #% t!e $i%tue* "e!icle i t#len +!e%ea t!#e ue* in t!e en* can &el#ng t# t!e te%%#%it)

T!e te%%#%it meet, n#t initially in t!e a$e !#ue, in cae t!ey +e%e $#ll#+e*) A$te%ecu%ity i gua%antee*, t!e te%%#%it meet in t!e a$e !#ue t# %e'a%m) I$ it i necea%y, t!ete%%#%it can ta.e e"e%al *ay #$ inacti"ity &e$#%e lea"ing t!e c#unt%y)

I$ #ne ta.e !#tage, t!ey a%e >aile* gene%ally in :(#(ula% (%i#n: n#%mally n#t l#cate*in t!e a$e !#ue) T!e neg#tiati#n a%e ma*e $%#m t!e a$e !#ue) Re-uet $#% e-ui(mentan* a%mament can &e ma*e in e5c!ange $#% t!e !#tage)

Once a$e, t!e #(e%ati#n i e"aluate*, an* c%iticim a%e ma*e) T!e te%%#%it .ee( +!at ie$$ecti"e an* c!ange t!ei% met!#*, tactic an* t%ategie &ae* #n t!e le#n #$ t!e lat


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#(e%ati#n) T!e m#%e #(!iticate* te%%#%it #%gani3ati#n !a"e a c#m(le5 ytem t# %e(#%tan* t# %egite% $#% t!ei% u%*inate* g%#u()

NE TERROR, T


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One #$ t!e main $#%ce in t!e eta&li!ment #$ t!e %elati#n &et+een t!e PLO an* #t!e%g%#u( #$ t!e +#%l* +a t!e


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&l#c. li.e n# an#t!e% *i(l#matic %e(%eentati"e) T!%#ug!#ut t!e 20, t!e lin. #$ u((#%tc##%*inate*, an* t!e mutual c##(e%ati#n, +e%e eta&li!e* an* e5(l#*e* a t!e maincaue #$ +ete%n *eta&ili3ati#n) T!e ma>#% te%%#%it #%gani3ati#n #$ t!e +#%l* c#ul* n#t

c#ntinue caling t!ei% acti"itie +it!#ut t!e u((#%t #$ tate) T!i !a &een em*ie*+it! t!e *ata a"aila&le, t!at i*enti$ie t!e lin. &et+een t!e c#unt%ie #$ t!e Eate%n &l#c.an* t!e inte%nati#nal te%%#%it in$%at%uctu%e) T!e c##%*inati#n #$ t!e PLO !a &een in%elati#n &et+een tate t!at u((#%t uc! g%#u( a t!e IRA, t!e 4acti#n #$ t!e Re*A%my, t!e Re* =%iga*e, Di%ect Acti#n 6DA7, t!e =a-ue M#t!e% c#unt%y an* t!e Pa%ty #$Li&e%ati#n 6ETA7, t!e Celula &attle C#mmunit 6CCC7, t!e a(anee Re* A%my 6ER7,t!e Sec%et A%my A%menia &y t!e Li&e%ati#n #$ A%menia 6ESALA7, t!e P#(ula% A%myTu%. *e Li&e%ati#n unta C##%*ina*#%a Re"#luci#na%ia 6CR7 an* t!e San*inta, am#ng#t!e%)

T!e IRA? T!e te%%#%it a%m #$ t!e IRA, mainly t!e (%#"ii#nal a%m 6ERIP7, a%e*ete%mine* t# ac!ie"e t!e c#m(lete %eti%ement #$ t!e =%iti! t%##( #$ N#%t!e%n I%elan*6Ulte%7 an* t!e eta&li!ment #$ a #cialit g#"e%nment, +it! 98 c#untie #% #ne*em#c%atic #cial %e(u&lic #n t!e ilan*) T!e te%%#%im #$ t!e IRA i *eignate* t#m#ti"ate t!e (e#(le #$ Ulte%, I%elan* an* Englan* t# (%e t# =%iti! g#"e%nment # t!atit %eti%e #$ t!e 3#ne, an* al# # t!at t!e Cat!#lic an* t!e I%i! (%#tetant can #l"et!ei% c#n$lict +it!#ut e5te%nal inte%$e%ence) Uing te%%#%im, t!e IRA !#(e t# $#cu+#%l*'+i*e attenti#n #n t!e I%i! $ig!t $#% t!e in*e(en*ence againt t!e #((%ei#n #$ t!e

=%iti! g#"e%nment, an* in t!i +ay, t# gene%ate inte%nati#nal (%eu%e #n t!e =%iti!g#"e%nment) T!e %elati#n &et+een t!e IRA an* t!e PLO, &egan a little a$te% t!e %e'#%gani3ati#n #$ t!e IRA in 12/) In 1/ mem&e% #$ t!e IRA &egan t# t%ain in #%*anian$iel*, c#nt%#lle* &y t!e P4LP) In May #$ 128 t!e IRA #%gani3e* a c#n$e%ence in Du&lin$#% t!e inte%nati#nal te%%#%it, an* +a ta.en ca%e #$ &y %e(%eentati"e #$ t!e P4LP, an*t!e ER) T!i c#n$e%ence c#m&ine* t!e =%iti! te%%it#%y againt Zi#nit #&>ecti"e #n t!e

(a%t #$ t!e PLO an* t!e IRA) 4%#m t!en #n, t!e%e !a &een a *i%ect %elati#n &et+een t!ete%%#%it cell #$ t!e IRA an* t!e %ecei"e* a%mament #$ t!e PLO) T!e !ea* #$ t!e PLO,ai% A%a$at n#+ ay t!at %elati#n &et+een t!e PLO an* t!e IRA *# n#t e5it) T!e IRAal# !a c#nnecti#n +it! 4ER, R= an* t!e ETA)

4acti#n #$ t!e Re* A%my 64ER7 Eentially it i Ma%5itLeninit) T!e #%iginal g%#u((%#claime* t!at t!e tate +a a ytem cla u((%ei#n, t!e g#"e%nment, t!ei%intituti#n an* t!ei% !ea* mut &e %e>ecte* at all c#t) Du%ing t!ei% !it#%y, t!ey !a"e%ecei"e* u((#%t $%#m t!e *ie #$ Eate%n ecu%ity #$ Ge%many, : Ca%l# : an* t!e PLO)

Re* =%iga*e 6R=7 T!e R= i t!e m#t "i#lent e5t%eme'le$tit g%#u( t!at #(e%ate t#*ay inItaly) T!e R= i eentially an ana%c!it g%#u(, alt!#ug! it u&c%i&e t# t!eMa%5itLeninit %!et#%ic) T!ei% #&>ecti"e i t# #"e%t!%#+ t!e Italian g#"e%nment) T!e R=i *e*icate* t# t!e $ig!t againt +ete%n im(e%ialim) T!e R= !a a *eal +it! t!e PLO #na%mament) T!e PLO u((lie t!e R= +it! Ame%ican a%mament $#% ue in t!ei%#(e%ati#n againt I%ael, an* Italy) Al# t!e R= !i*e a%mament in Italy $#% t!ePaletinian g%#u( #(e%ating in Eu%#(e) T!e R= !a %ecei"e* m#t #$ t!ei% t%aining int%aining cam( in Li&ya) Simila%itie in acti"itie #$ t!e Re* =%iga*e an* agent #$


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C3ec!#l#"a.ia, in*icate a *i%ect u((#%t #$ t!e Eate%n &l#c.) A t%#ng %elati#n &et+eent!e R= an* t!e 4ER, t!e IRA, DA an* t!e ETA e5it)

T!e =a-ue M#t!e% c#unt%y an* Pa%ty #$ Li&e%ati#n 6ETA ' Eu3.a*i Ta A.atauna7 T!eETA i a te%%#%itmilitant e(a%atit #%gani3ati#n ) T!e g%#u( i *i"i*e* int# t+# $acti#n,t!e Milita%y 4%#nt 6ETA'M7 an* P#litical 4%#nt 6ETA'PM7) T!e c#mm#n #&>ecti"e #$ t!et+# $acti#n i t# eta&li! an in*e(en*ent te%%it#%y 6Eu3.a*ia*i7 in t!e $#u% S(ani!=a-ue (%#"ince =icay, Ala"a, Gui(u3c#a, an* Na"a%%e) T!e $i%t $#%eign =a-uete%%#%it +!# %ecei"e* t%aining +e%e ent t# CH&a in 1/;) A$te% t!i !a((ene*, a +a"e #$"i#lence +e(t S(ain, t!at ugget t!e a((licati#n #$ a (lan intea* #$ a (#ntane#u#ccu%%ence) It eem t!at in t!e cae #$ t!e ETA, t!e lea*e% in c!a%ge #$ t!ei% t%ainingma*e t!e *ecii#n t# (%#>ect t!e !#tile $eeling #$ t!e ETA, an* t# in$luence t!emt#+a%* "i#lence) T!e ETA c#ntinue c#ntact +it! t!e Cu&an g#"e%nment, an* t!i !a*e"el#(e* %elati#n +it! t!e San*inita) T!e PLO an* C3ec!#l#"a.ian g#") !a"et%aine* mem&e% #$ t!e ETA) T!e S(ani! g#"e%nment t!in. t!at t!e%e i a %elati#n&et+een te%%#%it acti"itie #$ t!e ETA, an* acti"itie #n t!e (a%t #$ t!e S#"iet Uni#n an*t!e Eate%n &l#c.) T!e ETA !a %ecei"e* a%mament $%#m t!e PLO, an* !a !a* c#ntact+it! Ca%l#, t!e 4ER, t!e IRA an* t!e Re* =%iga*e) 4%#m t!ei% &eginning in 121, t!eETA !a #(e%ate* li.e a t%annati#nal te%%#%it g%#u( +it! t!e #&>ecti"e #$ a imultane#u+#%l*'+i*e %e"#luti#n)

III) P%#$ile #$ Te%%#%im Su((#%te* &y State 6C#unt%ie7)

T!e u((#%t #$ te%%#%im #n t!e (a%t #$ a tate "a%ie $%#m m#%al an* *i(l#matic u((#%tt# t!e mate%ial atten*ance &y mean #$ a%mament, t%aining, an* anctua%y) Te%%#%imu((#%te* &y tate i c!a%acte%i3e* &y e"e%al c#mm#n an* c!a%acte%itic $act#%) It i le*alm#t al+ay clan*etinely an* t!e te%%#%it tate al+ay *eny t!e %e(#ni&ility #$

(eci$ic te%%#%it act) 6E*) n#te uing te%%#%it i a g%eat +ay $#% c#unt%ie t# &l#+ u(t!ing an* .ill (e#(le, +!ile till maintaining (laui&le *enia&ility) 4#% e5am(le, I%anc#ul* $inance, an* t%ain a $ull te%%#%it #%gani3ati#n in t!e U)S), in !#(e #$ eeing t!ee+ #ute* $%#m (#+e%, +it!#ut &eing &lame*)7 Te%%#%it tate ue t!ei% intelligenceagencie an* ecu%ity t# !el( te%%#%it) A +e *icue* (%e"i#uly, t!e S#"iet Uni#n, t!ec#unt%ie #$ t!e Eate%n &l#c. an* CH&a, Nica%agua, N#%t! K#%ea , Vietnam an* Ang#la,!a"e &een int%umental in t!e maintenance an* t!e (e%(etuati#n #$ t!ete%%#%it%e"#luti#na%y m#"ement #$ t!e +#%l*) T!e em(!ai in t!e analyi #$ te%%#%imu((#%te* &y tate i c#ncent%ate* in t!#e tate t!at a%e le u&mii"e c#ncienti#ulyt# t!e USSR, &ut +!ic! !a"e t!ei% #+n incenti"e t# e5(#%t "i#lence t!%#ug! #ut t!e

+#%l*) Until %ecently, I%a- +a #ne #$ t!e agg%ei"e *e$en*e% #$ te%%#%im) =ut %ecent#utc#me #$ t!e I%anI%a- +a% !a c!ange* t!ei% en*#%ement #$ te%%#%im t# au%e t!ec#ntinue* u((#%t #$ t!e et $#% t!e +a%) In a**iti#n, t!e #ut! #$ emen i c#ni*e%e*a tate t!at u((#%t inte%nati#nal te%%#%im, &ut t!e u((#%t +ill n#t &e *icue* !e%eince it i limite* t# (%#"i*e t%aining &ae an* a$e !#ue #nly, +!ic! i minimumc#ni*e%ing t!e t!%ee *i%ect#% #$ inte%nati#nal te%%#%im)

T!e t!%ee c#unt%ie t!at u((#%t te%%#%im a%e? Sy%ia, Li&ya an* I%an)


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A) Li&ya Li&yan u((#%t #$ te%%#%im &egan ##n a$te% MHamma% a*!a$i aume*(#+e% in 1/) a*!a$i imme*iately aume* a %a*ical inte%nati#nal (#iti#n againt t!e

+ete%n in$luence in t!e Mi**le Eat) A t%#ng (%#(#nent #$ t!e Paletinian m#"ement,Li&ya, in t!e 20 *eci*e* t# $inance t!e Paletinian g%#u( $#% te%%#%im, an* t# (%#"i*ea$e !#ue, t%aining cam(, an* a%mament) a*!a$i ne"e% t%ie* t# !i*e !i u((#%t #$t!ee g%#u(, %at!e% >uti$ie* t!em a an element in t!e &attle againt im(e%ialim, an* $#%nati#nal li&e%ati#n) It cam(aign #$ inte%nati#nal te%%#%im againt #((#ite %egime,c#m&ine* +it! e"e%al (eci$ic inci*ent !#+ Li&ya a a g%eat (%#(#nent #$ te%%#%im)une 11t!, 1;, a*a$i tate*, :e a%e n#+ in a (#iti#n t# e5(#%t te%%#%im, an* t!eli-ui*ati#n #$ t!e !ea%t #$ Ame%ica, an* +e +ill *# it i$ it i necea%y:)

=) Sy%ia Sy%ia !a eta&li!e* an e5teni"e in$%at%uctu%e $#% t!e %ec%uitment an* t%aining#$ te%%#%it +!# #(e%ate againt I%ael, t!e U)S)A), Li&yan, Tu%guia an* t!e A%a& Mi**leEat) T!ey (%#"i*e *i(l#matic atten*ance t# te%%#%it g%#u( uc! a A&u Ni*al, Si-a,


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D) Se(a%ate #$ t!e in*i"i*ual t!%eat t!at t!ee t!%ee c#unt%ie (#e, t!ei% e5it a t%angean* +#%%i#me alliance &et+een Sy%ia an* I%an, in t!e 3#ne c#nt%#lle* &y Sy%ia, in t!e

"alley #$ =e..a +!e%e a milita%y c#ntingent #$ %e"#luti#na%y I%an gue%%illa e5it,inclu*ing a t%aining cam( $#% te%%#%it 6e*) n#te !mmm))))t!e (#i&ilitie)))7) T!e%e"#luti#na%y gua%* t%a"el %egula%ly &et+een t!ee l#cati#n an* Te!%an) Sy%ia an* I%an+#%. t#get!e% $#% e"e%al %ea#n) I%an nee* allie, an* in t!e A%a& +#%l* #$ t#*ay, +it!t!e $un*amentalim #$ t!e Ayat#lla! K!#meini, it i *i$$icult t# $in*) K!#meini al#+ant t!e u((#%t #$ t!e S!iite Ilamic $un*amentalit #uti*e I%an, &ecaue !e eet!em a an int%ument t# e5(an* !i (!il##(!y an* %e(%eent t!e $i$t! c#lumn t##"e%t!%#+ anti'S!iite %egime) 4%#m Sy%ia (#int #$ "ie+, t!ey nee* ai* t# !an*le t!e$%agmente* Mulim c#mmunitie in Le&an#n, an* I%an can !el( t!i aim, (eci$ically +it!te%%#%it acti"itie againt Sy%ia)

E) G%u(# A&u Ni*al ' 6al# .n#+n a t!e 4ata! ' t!e Re"#luti#na%y C#uncil? t!eO%gani3ati#n =lac. une7 T!ey %e>ect any e$$#%t $#% a (#litical #luti#n in t!e Mi**leEat an* &elie"e t!at t!e a%me* $ig!t againt t!e Zi#nit enemy mut &e t!e (%i#%ity #$ t!ePaletinian m#"ement #$ %eitance) Simultane#uly, G%#u( A&u Ni*al, ma*e a call $#%t!e *et%ucti#n #$ t!e %eacti#na%y %egime #$ Egy(t, #%*an, Ku+ait, A%a&ia Sau*i, an*t!e Gul$ #$ S!ei.!*#m an* c%itici3e t!e m#*e%ate tance #$ t!e PLO, an* it a&ence #$%e"#luti#na%y $e%"#%) C#ne-uently, t!e g%#u( A&u Ni*al, t!in. t!at A%a& te%%#%im i

necea%y t# (%eci(itate an A%a& %e"#luti#n t!at i t!e #nly #luti#n $#% t!e li&e%ati#n #$Paletine) T!e g%#u( A&u Ni*al i im(#%tant in t!e u&>ect #$ inte%nati#nal te%%#%imu((#%te* &y tate, &ecaue e"e%al c#unt%ie !a"e ue* t!i #ne #%gani3ati#n a a"e!icle $#% t!ei% te%%#%it acti"itie) O%iginally, ue* &y I%a- againt t!e A%a& an*Paletinian m#*e%ate, t!e g%#u( !a* c#nnecti#n +it! t!e =at! (a%ty #$ I%a-, t!eintelligence ytem in I%a-, an* t# t!e (#licy #$ t!ee t+# intituti#n) In 11 t!e g%#u(

*itance* +it! I%a- an* eta&li!e* %elati#n +it! Sy%ia) A$te% m#"ing &et+een Damacuan* =ag!*a* $%#m t!e 11'19 t!e A&u'Ni*al G%#u( +a e5(elle* $%#m =ag!*a* att!e en* #$ 19) T!e acti#n ta.en &y t!e g%#u( a%e in #%*e% t# !ame t!e PLO, &ecauemany #$ t!ei% te%%#%it acti"itie a%e i*enti$ie* a act c#mmitte* &y t!e PLO 6t!e A&u'Ni*al g%#u( i Paletinian alt!#ug! it i n#t mem&e% #$ t!e PLO7)

4) Unite* Eu%#(ean 4%#nt 4#% e"e%al yea% Eu%#(ean le$tit !a"e u((#%te* t!eeta&li!ment #$ t!e unite* $%#nt againt :ete%n im(e%ialim: an* (a%ticula%ly againtit (#+e%$ul yml '' NATO an* t!e Ame%ican (%eence in Eu%#(e) 4%#m t!e umme%#$ 1;, at leat t!%ee #$ t!ee g%#u( '' t!e 4acti#n #$ t!e +ete%n Net+#%. , Di%ect

Acti#n #$ 4%ance, an* t!e C#m&atant C#mmunit Cell #$ =elgium ' ' a((a%ently !a"ec#lla%ate* in a c#mmunit #$$eni"e againt NATO t!at ac!ie"e* a !ig! le"el #$"i#lence in 4e&%ua%y #$ 1) T!e%e i en#ug! e"i*ence &ae* #n *#cumentati#n t#in*icate t!at t!e milita%y $acilitie #$ NATO a%e im(#%tant ta%get $#% t!e 4ER, DA, an*CCC) A (%e"i#uly menti#ne*, t!e Italian Net+#%. =%iga*e c#mmitte* te%%#%it actagaint NATO *u%ing t!e 0 +it! c#nnecti#n +it! t!e 4ER an* DA) Alt!#ug!e"i*ence *#e n#t e5it t# in*icate t!at t!e R)=) i c#nnecte* t# t!e Unite* 4%#nt #$ t!e


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4ER, DA an* CCC) T!i alliance !#+ t# &e i*e#l#gically an* #(e%ati#nallya*"antage#u $#% t!e $#u% g%#u()

INTELLIGENCE

T!e %#ll #$ intelligence in a c#unte%'te%%#%im (%#g%am i t# i*enti$y t!e t!%eat an* t#(%#"i*e intelligence #n t!at t!%eat) T!i inclu*e t!e e"aluati#n #$ t!e te%%#%itJca(acitie, t!ei% tactic, t!e t%ategy t!at t!ey ue t# i*enti$ying t!ei% ta%get, an* t!e*ieminati#n #$ t!i in$#%mati#n) Intelligence e%"e a t!e $#un*ati#n #$ #(e%ati#n an*(%e"enti"e meau%e) A c#m(lete un*e%tan*ing #$ t!e te%%#%it #%g), t!ei% i*e#l#gicalm#ti"ati#n, t!ei% m#*u #(e%an*i, an* in*icat#% at all le"el, a%e necea%y $#% t!e(%#*ucti#n #$ intelligence in u((#%t #$ anti'te%%#%im an* c#unte%'te%%#%im) Analy3ingt!e t!%eat i t!e (%#ce #$ c#m(iling an* e5amining in$#%mati#n # a t# *e"el#(intelligence in*icat#% #n (#i&le te%%#%it acti"itie) T!e analyi #$ t!e t!%eat i t!e $i%ttage in t!e *ete%minati#n #$ #u% "ulne%a&ility t# te%%#%it attac.) T!e a&ility #$ anintelligence ytem t# (%#"i*e c%itical, u( t# *ate in$#%mati#n, *#e n#t *e(en* #nly #nt!e ca(acity t# c#llect an* t# (%#ce, &ut al# it *e(en* #n t!e a&ility t# -uic.ly#%gani3e, t#%e, an* %ec#"e% t!e in$#%mati#n) T!i, ca(acity, t#get!e% +it! ea%ly +a%ning,ca%e$ul #&e%"ati#n, an* t!e analyi #$ t!e t!%eat, !el( t!e a&ility #$ t!e intelligenceanalyt t# (%e*ict t!e ty(e #$ te%%#%it attac., an* t!e !#u% #$ t!ee attac.) In #%*e% t#im(lement a ucce$ul (%#g%am #$ c#unte%'te%%#%im) It i necea%y t# ma.e a t%#ng

g#"e%nment (#licy againt te%%#%im) An e5am(le #$ t!i (#licy +#ul* &e ' All te%%#%itact a%e c%iminal an* int#le%a&le, +it!#ut %ega%* t# t!ei% m#ti"ati#n, an* a%e t# &ec#n*emne*)

' t!e nume%ical am#unt #$ te%%#%it n#%mally *#e n#t !a"e im(#%tance) A mall g%#u(,#%gani3e*, +ell a%me*, an* +it! g##* lea*e%!i( can caue muc! *amage) It i n#t

necea%y t# !a"e a +ell e-ui((e*, la%ge A%me* 4#%ce t# im(lement a ucce$ul te%%#%it#(e%ati#n)

' te%%#%im can &e ue* &y a (##% c#unt%y) Te%%#%im i t!e #nly +ay t!at a (##% c#unt%ycan attac. againt a m#*e%n u(e%(#+e%)

' M#t #$ t!e m#*e%n te%%#%it a%e +ell m#ti"ate*, t%aine* an* e-ui((e*

' In many cae te%%#%it a%e u((#%te* inte%nati#nally) T!ey can &e u((lie* +it! a%m,m#ney, e-ui(ment, intelligence, an* (%#(agan*a $%#m #t!e% nati#n) T!e S#"iet Uni#n,

Eate%n Ge%many, K#%ea #$ t!e N#%t!, CH&a, Li&ya, I%an an* Sy%ia a%e %ec#gni3e* &y t!eu((#%t t!at t!ey (%#"i*e *i$$e%ent te%%#%it g%#u()

L#ng Te%m O&>ecti"e #$ Te%%#%it


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' T# caue a *%amatic c!ange in t!e g#"e%nment, t!e *et%ucti#n #$ a g#"e%nment #% aigni$icant c!ange in it (#litic)

' T# caue c#ntant *iin$#%mati#n, un&alance an* t# miin$#%m t!e gene%al (#(ulati#nan* t!e g#"e%nment)

' T# *eta&ili3e t!e g#"e%nment)

' T# c%eate a climate (%#ne t# %e"#luti#n)

' T# *et%#y t!e g#"e%nment &y mean #$ %e"#luti#n, ci"il +a%, inu%%ecti#n, #% t# c%eatean inte%nati#nal c#n$lict)

' T# (%e"ent inte%nati#nal e"ent, t%eatie #% (%#g%am)

' T# eta&li! an inte%nati#nal %e(utati#n) T# eta&li! *#metic #% inte%nati#nal%ec#gniti#n)

' T# eta&li! inte%nati#nal c#nnecti#n +it! #t!e% te%%#%it g%#u( #% c#unt%ie t!atu((#%t te%%#%im)

Imme*iate P%actical O&>ecti"e

' T!e li&e%ati#n #$ (%i#ne%, t# #&tain m#ney $%#m !#tage)

' R#&&e%y #$ m#ney, a%mament #% e5(l#i"e)

' Det%ucti#n #$ (%#(e%ty an* &uil*ing)

' T# $#%ce t!e g#"e%nment t# inc%eae it ecu%ity an* t!i +ay t# limit t!e li&e%tie #$ t!et#+n)

' T# au%e t%an(#%tati#n #uti*e t!e c#unt%y)

' T!e a*#(ti#n an* t!e mani(ulati#n #$ caue t# inc%eae u((#%t an* mem&e%)

' A%me* P%#(agan*a t# *ic%e*it t!e g#"e%nment) T# *em#nt%ate t!at t!e g#"e%nmentcann#t maintain #%*e%)

' Occu(ying t!e %e#u%ce #$ t!e g#"e%nment t# +ea% t!em *#+n # t!at t!ey a%e n#te$$ecti"e)

' Sati$acti#n #$ %e"enge)


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' T# attac. ymlic #&>ecti"e)

' T# *et%#y t!e #cial t%uctu%e #$ a #ciety t# (%#*uce c!a# an* c#n$ui#n)

Ma Me*ia

T!e Ma me*ia i ue* &y Te%%#%it t# #&tain it #&>ecti"e) Many #$ t!e imme*iate#&>ecti"e can &e %eac!e* t!%#ug! t!e ue #$ t!e ma me*ia #% (%#(agan*a) T!e (u&licityan* t!e (%#(agan*a t!at c#me $%#m ma me*ia a%e im(#%tant $#% t!e c#ntem(#%a%yte%%#%it) T!e ma me*ia, e(ecially in t!e *em#c%atic #cietie, can !el( t!e te%%#%iten#%m#uly in #&taining (u&licity) It i t!%#ug! t!e ue #$ ma me*ia t!at t!e te%%#%itcan

' Gain t!e attenti#n #$ t!e #((#iti#n)

' P%#claim it caue)

' Caue t!e inte%nati#nal g#"e%nment !ame)

' Dem#nt%ate it (#+e% an* t# eta&li! it c%e*i&ility)

' T!e ma me*ia can &e ue* &y te%%#%it g%#u( t# lea%n t!e e5(e%ience #$ #t!e%te%%#%it g%#u(, an* tu*y t!ei% met!#*)

De$initi#n #$ a Te%%#%it G%#u(

Te%%#%it g%#u( can &e categ#%i3e* a?

17 n#t u((#%te* &y a c#unt%y

87 u((#%te* &y a c#unt%y)

97 *i%ecte* &y a c#unt%y)

Al# t!ey can &e categ#%i3e* acc#%*ing t# t!e +ay t!ey #(e%ate

17 Nati#nalD#metic

87 T%annati#nal


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97 Inte%nati#nal)

' Nati#nal an* D#metic Te%%#%it g%#u( t!at +ant (#litical in$luence an* (#+e%, #(e%ate

+it!in t!ei% #+n c#unt%y an* can %ecei"e e5te%nal u((#%t) T!e Sym&i#nee Li&e%ati#nA%my i an e5am(le #$ a D#metic g%#u()

' T%annati#nal Te%%#%it g%#u( #(e%ate t!%#ug! inte%nati#nal %*e% #uti*e t!e %eac! #$t!e g#"e%nment, an* can %ecei"e u((#%t, anctua%y an* m#ney $#% t!ei% caue) T!ema>#%ity #$ te%%#%it g%#u( $all int# t!i categ#%y) T!e PLO i t!e la%get t%annati#nalte%%#%it g%#u() Ot!e% inclu*e t!e 4acti#n #$ Re* A%my, t!e Re* =%iga*e, T!e I%i!Re(u&lican A%my 6P%#"ii#nal7, an* Sec%et A%menian Li&e%ati#n A%my)

' Inte%nati#nal G%#u( a%e un*e% t!e c#nt%#l #$ a g#"e%nment, #(e%ate t!%#ug!inte%nati#nal %*e%, an* t!ei% nati#nal acti#n %e(%eent t!e inte%et #$ t!at g#"e%nment)T!e I%anian aain +!# t%ie* t# aainate I%an #$$icial a%e clai$ie* a inte%nati#nalte%%#%it)

An#t!e% categ#%y e5it &ut $e+ g%#u( a%e clai$ie* +it!in t!i categ#%y) T!i categ#%yi e5t%a'te%%it#%ial an* c#nit #$ g%#u( t!at #(e%ate againt #&>ecti"e in a t!i%* c#unt%y)T!e a(anee Re* A%my $ell in t!i categ#%y +!en in May #$ 128 t!%ee #$ !i mem&e%(a%tici(ate* in an inci*ent in L#* ai%(#%t, in I%ael) T!i g%#u( #(e%ate* un*e% t!e c#nt%#l

#$ t!e P#(ula% 4%#nt $#% t!e Li&e%ati#n #$ Paletine) T!ey (lante* a%mament in t!ei%luggage in R#me, an* came in an ai%(lane $%#m Tel A"i") A$te% *eman*ing t!ei% luggagein a L#* ai%(#%t t!ey %em#"e* t!e a%mament, an* !#t in*ic%iminately againt t!e(u&lic) T!e %eult +a t!at 8 (e#(le *ie* an* /2 +e%e in>u%e*) M#t #$ t!#e .ille* +e%et%a"elling Pue%t# Rican +!# +e%e "iiting)

De$initi#n #$ a Te%%#%it A te%%#%it *itingui!e itel$ &y !i ue #$ inn#cent "ictim t#%eac! !i #&>ecti"e) Se"e%al name e5it a#ciate* #% e-ui"alent t# t!e +#%*, te%%#%it)T!ey a%e

Sateu% In*i"i*ual #% g%#u( in"#l"e* in t!e inte%%u(ti#n, *amage #% milita%y*et%ucti#n #$ (%#*ucti#n, t%an(#%tati#n, c#mmunicati#n #% #t!e% e%"ice #% #(e%ati#n)

Gue%%illa O%gani3ati#n $#% #% t!e -uai'milita%y u%%#un*e* in an a%me* c#n$lict +it!init #+n c#unt%y #% in a $#%eign c#n$lict)

T!ey can !a"e many name, &ut t!e categ#%ie #$ te%%#%it a%e +ell *e$ine* &y *#ct#%4%e*e%ic.


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Ca%l# Ma%ig!ella A c#ntem(#%a%y te%%#%it m#%e .n#+ $#% !i lite%a%y +#%. t!at $#% !i(a%tici(ati#n in te%%#%it inci*ent) T!i Ma%5it =%a3ilian aut!#% +%#te t!e, :Minimanual$#% t!e U%&an Gue%%illa :, a #. t!at !a &ec#me t!e manual $#% c#ntem(#%a%y te%%#%it)

D%) Ge#%ge ecti"e, t!eya%e?

'Re"#luti#na%y Te%%#% ue* a an int%ument t# #"e%t!%#+ a g#"e%nment) E5am(leinclu*e t!e 4MLN #$ El Sal"a*#% an* t!e Vietc#ng #$ Vietnam)

' Su&%e"#luti#na%y Te%%#%im ue* t# gain in$luence +it!in t!e g#"e%nment) E5am(leinclu*e t!e Re* 4acti#n #$ t!e Re* A%my in Ge%many, an* t!e Re* =%iga*e in Italy)

'Re(%ei"e T!e ue #$ t!e te%%#% againt et!nic ect#% #$ t!e #ciety, g%#u(, #%%eligi#u g%#u() Gene%ally, t!e%e i n# c#n$lict +it! t!e g#"e%nment) An e5am(le

inclu*e t!e Ku Klu5 Klan #$ t!e Unite* State)

' Eta&li!ment T!e te%%#% ue* &y a g%#u( u((#%te* #% t#le%ate* &y t!e g#"e%nmentagaint t!e #((#iti#n #$ t!e g#"e%nment) E5am(le inclu*e t!e KG= #$ t!e S#"iet Uni#nan* t!e DGI in CH&a)

END

School of the Americas Urban Guerrilla Manual

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