School of Population Health, The University of Western ... Martin PA in... · The University of Western Australia ... Doesn’t do PE Hardly ever/sometimes Quite often/always ...

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Dr. Karen Martin

School of Population Health,

The University of Western Australia

It’s Your Move! Getting Students Active

High proportion of WA children NOT meeting PA guidelines

Primary school

39% boys

73% girls

Secondary school

62% boys

90% girls

WA Child & Adolescent Physical Activity & Nutrition (CAPANS) Survey 2008

Strengthening evidence that higher PA

is associated with academic success

Fedewa and Ahn, 2011, Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport 82(3); 521-535

Published Literature

Reviews and

Meta-analyses

Coe et al 2006

Medicine and Science in Sports &Exercise

38(8); 1515

Image: FreeDigitalPhotos.net

Child and Adolescent Physical Activity and

Nutrition Survey (CAPANS) 2008

3.9

26.1

70

4.3

34.1

61.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Doesn’t do PE Hardly ever/sometimes Quite often/always

2003 2008

Reduction in % primary boys

reporting quite often/always

‘very active’ during PE

2.3

27

70.6

2

34.2

63.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Doesn’t do PE Hardly ever/sometimes Quite often/always*

2003

2008

* Sig diff p<0.05

Reduction in % primary girls reporting

quite often/always ‘very active’ during PE

10.2

18.1

71.8

10.5 12.4

77.1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Doesn’t do PE Hardly ever/sometimes Quite often/always*

2003

2008

Increase in % secondary boys reporting being

quite often/always ‘very active’ during PE

* Sig diff p<0.05

14.5

27.2

58.2

6.9

27.1

66

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Doesn’t do PE* Hardly ever/sometimes Quite often/always

2003

2008

* Sig diff p<0.05

Increase in % secondary girls reporting being

quite often/always ‘very active’ during PE

Also… decrease in % secondary

girls that don’t do PE!

Primary boys and girls • little change in the proportions who are active during lunch

between 2003 and 2008

• around 20% more boys are more active during lunch compared

with girls

Secondary- girls • little change in the proportions who are active during lunch

between 2003 and 2008

• only 16% of girls participate in some or a lot of PA during

lunch

Secondary- boys

more ‘played or ran around a lot during lunch’ in 2008 vs 2003

(around 40% in 2008)

Less primary but more

secondary actively commuting in

2008 compared with 2003

34 34.7

46.7

35.1 31.8

26

57.9

46

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

primary boys primary girls secondary boyssecondary girls

2003

2008

There is a large variability in mean daily classtime

moderate to vigorous physical activity.

The ACTIVE Schools Project lowest = 3 mins/day highest = 88 mins/day

1. Academic success as a measure of a school (child!) success + crowded curriculum

2. Secondary students 3. Girls 4. Funding 5. Space 6. Overweight and obese children + many others….

Challenges

Increased

physical activity duration

Decreased

TV viewing duration

Improved VO2 max

(as a measure of fitness)

Decreased

blood cholesterol

But we know schools can

make a difference

Review of 26 research studies exploring interventions to increase PA in the school setting (Dobbins, 2009 Cochrane Database of

Systematic Reviews)

BUT … less success/harder to

change

leisure time physical activity

blood pressure

body mass index

pulse rate

What is the best ‘bang for your buck’?

What may be influencing

PA the most?

Stage 1

3 metro govt primary schools

What are supports

and barriers to

physical activity at

school?

The ACTIVE Schools Project

10 child focus groups;

yrs 2, 4 and 6

10 interviews; classroom teachers, PE

teachers & principals

More and varied sport apparatus (e.g.

cricket nets) and playground

equipment

Good sport equipment

quality/quantity/availability/storage

Good school design

More space/ grassed

play area per student

Playground

equipment quality

Natural play areas

PE teacher

Children allowed to bring

own equipment

More PA

Perspectives…

Excessively

sloping play

spaces Poor sports

equipment

storage/

availability

High child

density

Lack of/ poor weather

protection (sun and rain)

Play spaces too close to

car park/no fencing

Inside available at

recess and/or lunch

No

running

policy

No hat

no play

policy

Perspectives…

Less PA

Higher physical activity related to …

More non-

shaded

grassed areas

More grassed area

per child (m2)

Newer

schools

More sport apparatus cricket nets & pitches,

soccer and football goals,

long-jump pits, wall

markings

PE teacher meets

physical activity

guidelines

Higher physical activity

related to..

PE coordinator is not the

deputy principal

(no PE coordinator)

Children who feel they

are good at sport

Boys Healthy weight

(recess/lunch)

Classroom teacher holds

fitness as one of two

main PE/sport activities

How can schools prioritise

and implement changes?

At a minimum…..

a combination of printed

educational materials &

changes to school curriculum

that promote PA

Dobbins 2009,

Cochrane Database of

Systematic Reviews

Focused on fostering positive attitudes towards PA, and geared toward the development level of participants….

Teachers and school staff should be encouraged to act as role models, (may require dramatic changes within work environment of teachers and school staff)

Parental involvement could be an integral part of the school-based intervention

Dobbins 2009, Cochrane

Database of Systematic

Reviews

Commuting

Physical environment

Policies

Partnerships

Programs

Promote PA 1) Physical

Environment

2) Policies 3) Partnerships 4) Programs

1. Commuting

2. Before/

after school

3. Recess/lunch

4. Classtime

(sport/PE/games)

The 4 Ps for prioritising

Promote PA

1) Physical

Environment

2) Policies 3) Partnerships 4) Programs

Commuting

1) Cycling

sufficient

number

racks?

racks

locked

each

morning?

Local council to

improve local

streets/paths

Be Active Cycle

Instead

(Cycling WA)

Promote PA

1) Physical

Environment

2) Policies 3) Partnerships 4) Programs

Commuting

1) Walking

??

??

??

??

Promote PA 1) Physical

Environment

2) Policies 3) Partnerships 4) Programs

2. Before/

after school

How does your school’s

physical environment

measure up?

Stratton, 2005, Prev Med, 41 (5); 828

Is the before and after school opportunity

to be active being used…. or wasted?

Promote PA 1) Physical

Environment

2) Policies 3) Partnerships 4) Programs

3. Recess/lunch

What policies could be impacting upon recess & lunch time PA?

sportwales.org.uk

Promote PA 1) Physical

Environment

2) Policies 3) Partnerships 4) Programs

2. Classtime

(sport/PE/games)

Games Smart

(Qld Government)

‘A visual resource for fun &

engaging physical activity’

Research links:

uwa.edu.au/people/Karen.Martin

[email protected]