School Autonomy and Accountability - World Bank 1 -SDP SAA... · School Autonomy and Accountability . ... Responsibility for school & student performance . A. ... monitor teacher

EDUCATION STAFF DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM – Global 1

EDUCATION STAFF DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

School Autonomy and Accountability

Harry Anthony Patrinos The World Bank November 2014


Improving education quality

Poor Adequate Good Great

Drops out Complains Stays Succeeds

Education Quality

Student Response Source: McKinsey & Co.


Improved school management leads to better outcomes

Improved school management = more efficient schools | more autonomy, more accountability

Change environment in which decisions about resource allocation made

Effective school-level decision making by school-level agents

Empower parents and hold providers accountable


Main decision-making activities School level

Budgeting, salaries Hiring & firing Curriculum Infrastructure

School calendar Monitoring School grants Dissemination


School management policies System level

1. Budget planning and approval 2. Personnel management 3. Parental participation at school 4. Assessment of school & student performance 5. School accountability


Key terms

School Autonomy

School Accountability

School-based Management


Types of school-based management

Source: Barrera-Osorio et al. (2009)

Administrative Control

Professional Control

Community Control

Balanced Control

Accountability framework

Source: World Bank (2003)

Politicians Policy makers

The state

Citizens/clients Providers Organizations Frontline Poor Non-poor

Services

Com

pact

Voic

e

Long route of accountability

Short route

Client Power

8


The 3 A’s

Teacher Quality

EMIS

School Council Autonomy

Local decision making based on evidence

Accountability Responsibility for school & student

performance

Assessment Measuring school &

student performance


Closed system

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Improving outcomes

Those at local level have better information on:

School personnel

Spending

Changes in process

Resource mobilization


Improving outcomes

More involvement by parents implies accountability by:

Direct involvement

Decisions

Changes in accounting

Changes in school climate

http://images.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=parent+involvement+in+schools&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=RRnkNh3qeS7E6M&tbnid=a_rYmwxlsswMyM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://farmcards.org/index.php?location=parentalinvolvement&ei=-lmRUf_oMuSs0AHk14CABw&bvm=bv.46340616,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNFaF0sRRdRUmVn2R_s81c29htgB8w&ust=1368566510090355


Good to great through school management

Poor to adequate Adequate to good Good to great

• Incentives • Outcome targets • Compensate • School infrastructure • Materials • Parental oversight

• Transparency • Decentralize • Parental

participation

• Teachers • Train, Coach, • School decisions • Fund innovation • Sharing innovation

Source: Adapted from McKinsey and Company (2011); and SABER East Asia


Issues to consider Personnel management

• Are teacher salaries managed as incentives? • Are best candidates identified & selected? • Are teachers accountable to parents? • Are parents able to influence school budget? • Are parents getting useful information?


Evidence


Key factor | Time to impact Evidence from USA

Source: Borman et al (2003), based on 232 studies


Examples

• School grants • School-based management • Community schools • Autonomous schools • Charters • UK Academies

School grants Infrastructure Curriculum School improvement Participation Budgeting Salaries Hiring


EDUCO, El Salvador


Grant Maintained Schools, England

Clark, D. “The Performance and Competitive Effects of School Autonomy.” Journal of Political Economy 117(4): 745-783, 2009

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg

Evidence | Summary Country Intervention Findings NEPAL Communities express desire to

take on management of schools (receive incentive grant)

- Reduction in out of school children, repetition - increased progression - equity (disadvantaged caste perform better)

MEXICO Parents given resources for implementing school plan

- Positive impact on dropout rates - No effect on repetition - Positive impact on test scores

KENYA Training school committees to monitor teacher performance & committee-based hiring of teachers

-Higher student test scores - lower teacher absenteeism - small change in student dropout

INDONESIA School-based management - Positive effect on learning outcomes - increased scores in language 0.51

standard deviations; math by 0.46

Experiment al and quasi-experimental designs


Parental Participation An example from Mexico

Financial Support to Parents

Parents Trained


Impact | Reduced repetition & failure .0

7.0

8.0

9.1

.11

Fa

ilure

Rate

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001Year

AGEs Treatment AGEs Control

AGEs vs. Non-AGEs SchoolsFigure 2: Failure Rate Trends

.075

.08

.085

.09

.095

Re

pe

titio

n R

ate

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001Year

AGEs Treatment AGEs Control

AGEs vs. Non-AGEs SchoolsFigure 3: Repetition Rate Trends

Source: Gertler, Patrinos and Rubio 2012


Most important change Increased parental participation

Better interaction with teachers

Most interested in the school

More interested in children’s academic progress


Experiment

Double-grant Group Schools provided with double the resources

Single grant Group Schools participating in the program

Training only Group Schools not participating in the program are provided the training that AGE schools usually receive, but no cash subsidy

Control Group Not involved in program, no subsidy, no training

Source: Gertler, Patrinos and Rodriguez 2012


Impact 1 | Double grant – Some impact

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

2007 2008 2009 2010

ENLA

CE

Total Score (Spanish & Math)

AGE Double AGE


Impact 2 | Train parents only – A lot more impact

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

2007 2008 2009 2010

ENLA

CE

Total Score (Spanish & Math)

Training Control Pure Control


Summary

Doubling cash grant to parents improves learning for young children by 0.2 standard deviations

But training parents improves outcomes, even after 1 year, more than impact of doubling grant, over one year of learning

Source: Gertler, Patrinos and Rodriguez 2012


Comparative costs (per student)

$6

$7

$160

$240

$500

$828

$1,276

Student assessment

AGEs

Annual school building cost

Contract teacher & salary…

Computers (10 students)

Primary

Secondary


SABER SAA Policy Goals for SAA

1. Level of autonomy in planning & management of school budget

2. Level of autonomy in personnel management

3. Role of school council in school governance

4. School and student assessment

5. Accountability


Thank you

[email protected]

School Autonomy and Accountability - World Bank 1 -SDP SAA... · School Autonomy and Accountability . ... Responsibility for school & student performance . A. ... monitor teacher

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