Schizotypal personality disorder and its psychodynamic perspective

SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER AND ITS PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVEPRESENTED BY:SARAH RASHID

Table Of Content:What is Schizotypal personality

disorderIts causesSymptomsPsychodynamic Perspective of

Schizotypal personality disorderCase studyDifferential diagnosis

SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER

A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities off behavior, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts.

CAUSES

Most experts believe that causation stems from the complex combination of the following factors

GeneticsBiologySocial environment.

GENETIC FACTOR;

Risks are greater for ;Family history with schizophrenia

and other Psychopathologies.First degree relatives with

schizophrenic or schizotypal disorder.

BIOLOGICAL FACTORBiologically they are thought to;• Have less brain matter in certain

areas• Abnormaities of the

neurotransmitter DOPAMINE• Some similarities to brain

abnormalities with schizophrenics.

SOCIAL FACTOR;It may stems from the following social

experiences during early childhood;• Regular humiliation by parents, siblings

and peers• Parents were emotionally distant , formal

and displayed confusing parental communication.

SYMPTOMSThe DSM-V specifies the nine

diagnostic criateria for Schizotypal personality disorder.

A person with at least five of these characterestics might be considered to have schizotypal personality disorder.

These include the following…..

IDEAS OF REFRENCE

ODD BELIEVES OR MAGICAL THINKING

UNUSUAL PERCEPTUAL EXPERIANCES

ODD THINKING AND SPEECH

SUSPICIOUS OR PARANOID

ECCENTRIC BEHAVIOR.

LACK OF CLOSE FRIENDS OR CONFIDENTS

SOCIALLLY ANXIOUS.

PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE

Early childhood experiences are of crucial importance.

In psychodynamic approach to schizotypal personality disorder, we will discuss the following theories;

• Freud’ s psychosexual stages of development• Erick Erickson’s psychosocial stages of

development• Object relation theory.• Their brief overview is as follows…..

FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

Five psychosexual stages of development.Each stage is linked with the gratification of

specific instincts.When these instincts are not gratified in a proper

way, it leads to personality disorder s.According to psychoanalytic theory. Individuals

with schizotypal personality disorder have unresolved conflicts at the following stages that lead to their maladaptive behavior.

FRUED CONTINUES…ORAL STAGE ANAL STAGELATENCY STAGEGENITAL STAGE

DEFENCE MECHANISAMSDefence mechanisams frequently used by

individuals with schizotypal personality disorder are;

• REPRESSION• DENIAL• PROJECTION

ERIK ERIKSONPSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

8 stages of PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTNeeds at each stage.Healthy personalityMaladaptive personalityIn the light of Erikson’s stages, individual

develop schizotypal personality disorder due to the crises in the following stages….

ERIKSON CONTINUES….1st Stage: TRUST VERSUS MISTRUST4th Stage: INFERIORITY VERSUS INDUSTRIOUS

5th Stage: IDEENTITY VERSUS ROLE CONFUSION

6th Stage : INTIMACY VERSUS ISOLATION

OBJECT-RELATION THEORYDrive to relate.Self is formed in the context of early relations.Early relations influence relations in later life.Schizotypal personality disorder develop due to

the deficits in early relationships.Due to splitting cohesive self is not developedLeads to the serious difficulty in adult

relationships.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

OTHER MENTAL DISORDERS WITH PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS

OTHER PERSONALITY DISORDERS• The differentiation from other personality disorders is

listed as follows….

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS CONT…SCHIZOID PERSONALITY

DISORDERPARANOID PERSONALITY

DISORDERAVOIDANT PERSONALITY

DISORDERNARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY

DISORDER

CASE-STUDYBACKGROUND INFORMATION:

• Name; Tyler• Age; 15 years• Family history; mother suffer from

anxiety and depression, two maternal uncles diagnosed with schizophrenia.

CASE CONT…

CLIENT’S INFORMATION :

• Odd believes or magical thinking• Unusual perceptual experiences• Odd thinking and speech• Behavior or appearance that is

odd ,peculiar or eccentric.• Lack of close friends or

confidents• Excessive social anxiety