Schizophrenia Schizophrenia Definition Definition Psychotic disorder Psychotic disorder Thought Disorder Thought Disorder Loose associations Loose associations “ “ Split” from reality Split” from reality NOT split or multiple personality NOT split or multiple personality
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Loose associationsLoose associations ““Split” from realitySplit” from realityNOT split or multiple personalityNOT split or multiple personality
Symptoms of SchizophreniaSymptoms of Schizophrenia Positive SymptomsPositive Symptoms
Loose associationsLoose associations Word saladWord salad DelusionsDelusions HallucinationsHallucinations
Negative SymptomsNegative Symptoms Poverty of speech contentPoverty of speech content Flat or blunted affectFlat or blunted affect Avolition or apathyAvolition or apathy AnhedoniaAnhedonia
Subtypes of SchizophreniaSubtypes of Schizophrenia
Tracking deficit in persons with schizophrenia, Tracking deficit in persons with schizophrenia, including their relativesincluding their relatives
Brain Structure and FunctioningBrain Structure and FunctioningEnlarged ventricles and reduced tissue volumeEnlarged ventricles and reduced tissue volumeHypofrontalityHypofrontality
Biological AspectsBiological Aspects
Dopamine HypothesisDopamine HypothesisDrugs that increase dopamine (agonists), Drugs that increase dopamine (agonists),
result in schizophrenic-like behavior (e.g., result in schizophrenic-like behavior (e.g., amphetamines)amphetamines)
Drugs that decrease dopamine (antagonists), Drugs that decrease dopamine (antagonists), reduce schizophrenic-like behaviorreduce schizophrenic-like behavior
Considered too simplistic (multiple NTs Considered too simplistic (multiple NTs involved)involved)
Psychosocial InfluencesPsychosocial Influences
The Role of StressThe Role of Stress Diathesis-Stress ModelDiathesis-Stress Model Also seems related to relapse (not just onset)Also seems related to relapse (not just onset)
Family InteractionsFamily Interactions Communication patternsCommunication patterns High expressed emotion associated with relapse High expressed emotion associated with relapse
Psychological factors seem Psychological factors seem relativelyrelatively small small
Socioeconomic Status Socioeconomic Status and Schizophreniaand Schizophrenia
Treatment of SchizophreniaTreatment of Schizophrenia
Seldom Results in Complete RecoverySeldom Results in Complete Recovery Early MethodsEarly Methods
Insulin Coma TherapyInsulin Coma TherapyPsychosurgeryPsychosurgeryECTECT
Antipsychotic Drugs and Antipsychotic Drugs and Inpatient TreatmentInpatient Treatment
Psychosocial TreatmentPsychosocial Treatment
Psychosocial ApproachesPsychosocial ApproachesBehavioral (i.e., token economies) on inpatient Behavioral (i.e., token economies) on inpatient
unitsunitsCommunity care programsCommunity care programsSocial and living skills trainingSocial and living skills trainingBehavioral family therapy Behavioral family therapy Vocational rehabilitation Vocational rehabilitation
Myths About SchizophreniaMyths About Schizophrenia
People with schizophrenia have “split People with schizophrenia have “split personalities.”personalities.”
People with schizophrenia are People with schizophrenia are intellectually disabledintellectually disabled
People with schizophrenia are dangerousPeople with schizophrenia are dangerous People with schizophrenia are addicted to People with schizophrenia are addicted to
their drugstheir drugs
Other Psychotic DisordersOther Psychotic Disorders
Brief Psychotic DisorderBrief Psychotic DisorderPsychotic symptoms for a few weeksPsychotic symptoms for a few weeks
Schizophreniform DisorderSchizophreniform DisorderSchizophrenic symptoms for a few months
Schizoaffective DisorderSchizoaffective DisorderSymptoms of schizophrenia and a mood
disorder independent of each other
Other Psychotic DisordersOther Psychotic Disorders
Delusional disorder Delusions without hallucinations or most other
schizophrenic symptoms Types of delusions
Erotomanic Grandiose Jealous Persecutory Somatic
Other Psychotic DisordersOther Psychotic Disorders
Folie a DeuxFolie a DeuxShared Psychotic DisorderShared Psychotic Disorder