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Agenda
• Core Concepts
• Modeling Data
• Modeling Relationships
Schema design is aboutyour Application
Relational Normalize
MongoDB { "patient_id": "1177099", "first_name": "John", "last_name": "Doe", "dob": "2000-01-25", "gender": "Male", "blood_type": "B+", "address": "123 Elm St., Chicago, IL 59923", "height": "66", "weight": "110", "allergies": ["Nuts", "Penicillin", "Pet Dander"], "current_medications": [{"name": "Zoloft", "dosage": "2mg", "frequency": "daily", "route": "orally"}], "complaint" : [{"entered": "2000-11-03", "onset": "2000-11-03", "prob_desc": "", "icd" : 250.00, "status" : "Active"}, {"entered": "2000-02-04", "onset": "2000-02-04", "prob_desc": "in spite of regular exercise...", "icd" : 401.9, "status" : "Active"}], "diagnosis" : [{"visit" : "2005-07-22" , "narrative" : "Fractured femur", "icd" : "9999", "priority" : "Primary"}, {"visit" : "2005-07-22" , "narrative" : "Type II Diabetes", "icd" : "250.00", "priority" : "Secondary"}] }
Terminology
RDBMS MongoDB
Table Collection
Row Document
Index Index
Join Embedded Document
Foreign Key Reference
Relational Record
• Two-dimensional storage
• Field can contain single value
• Structured schema
• Poor data locality
primarykey
MongoDB Document
_id• Multi-dimensional storage
• Field can contain many values
• Flexible schema
• Optimal data locality
BSON (Binary JSON)
Relational:Focus on data storage
MongoDB:Focus on data use
Relational:What answers do I have?
MongoDB:What questions do I have?
Modeling Data
Business Card
Contact Addre
ss
Referencing
Addresses
{_id : 1,street : "10260 Bandley Dr",city : "Cupertino",state : "CA",zip_code : "95014",country : "USA"
}
Contacts
{ _id : 2, name : "Steven Jobs", title : "VP, New Product Development", company : "Apple Computer", phone : "408-996-1010", address_id : 1}
Embedding
Contacts
{ _id : 2, name : "Steven Jobs", title : "VP, New Product Development", company : "Apple Computer", phone : "408-996-1010", address : {
street : "10260 Bandley Dr",city : "Cupertino",state : "CA",zip_code : "95014",country : "USA"
}}
Schema Flexibility
Contacts
{ name : "Steven Jobs", title : "VP, New Product Development", company : "Apple Computer", phone : "408-996-1010" address : {
street : "10260 Bandley Dr",city : "Cupertino",state : "CA",zip_code : "95014"
}}
{ name : "Larry Page", url : "http://google.com/", title : "CEO", company : "Google!", email : "[email protected]", address : { street : "555 Bryant, #106", city : "Palo Alto", state : "CA", zip_code : "94301" } phone : "650-618-1499", fax : "650-330-0100"}
{ _id : 2, name : “Steven Jobs", title : "VP, New Product Development", company : "Apple Computer", address : [
{ street : "10260 Bandley Dr", city : "Cupertino", state : "CA", zip_code : "95014", country : "USA"
},{ street : "2066 Crist Drive", city : "Los Altos", state : "CA"
zip_code : "94024" country : "USA"
} ], phone : "408-996-1010"}
Schema Flexibility
{ _id : 2, name : "Steven Jobs", title : "VP, New Product Development", company : "Apple Computer", address : {
street : "10260 Bandley Dr",city : "Cupertino",state : "CA",zip_code : "95014",country : "USA"
}, phone : "408-996-1010"}
Modeling Relationships
Address Book Entity-Relationship
Contacts• name• company• title
Addresses
• type• street• city• state• zip_code
Phones• type• number
Emails• type• address
Thumbnails
• mime_type• data
Portraits• mime_type• data
Groups• name
N
1
N
1
N
N
N
1
1
1
11
Twitters• name• location• web• bio
1
1
One-to-One
Contacts• name• company• title
Addresses
• type• street• city• state• zip_code
Phones• type• number
Emails• type• address
Thumbnails
• mime_type• data
Portraits• mime_type• data
Groups• name
N
1
N
1
N
N
N
1
1
1
11
Twitters• name• location• web• bio
1
1
contact• twitter_id
twitter1 1
Contact• twitter
twitter 1
Schema Design Choices
One-to-One
Contact• twitter
twitter 1
db.contacts.find( { "twitter.location" : "Certaldo" } )
General Recommendation
One-to-One
{
_id : ObjectId("52ebde4e5f2b124a3a09eb8e"),
name : "Giovanni Boccaccio",
twitter : {
name : "Gian",
location : "Certaldo",
web : "https://twitter.com/RealBoccaccio"
}
}
One-to-Many
Contacts• name• company• title
Addresses
• type• street• city• state• zip_code
Phones• type• number
Emails• type• address
Thumbnails
• mime_type• data
Portraits• mime_type• data
Groups• name
N
1
N
1
N
N
N
1
1
1
11
Twitters• name• location• web• bio
1
1
contact• phone_ids: [
]phone1 N
Contact• phones
phoneN
Schema Design Choices
One-to-Many
Contact• phones
phoneN
Contact Book Application
One-to-Many
{
_id : ObjectId("52ebde4e5f2b124a3a09eb8e"),
name : "Giovanni Boccaccio",
twitter : {
name : "Gian",
location : "Certaldo",
web : "https://twitter.com/RealBoccaccio"
},
phones : [
{ type : "work" , number : "+39 0571-669811" },
{ type : "home" , number : "+39 671-946726" },
{ type : "mobile" , number : "+39 671-038747" }
]
}
Contacts• name• company• title
Addresses
• type• street• city• state• zip_code
Phones• type• number
Emails• type• address
Thumbnails
• mime_type• data
Portraits• mime_type• data
Groups• name
N
1
N
1
N
N
N
1
1
1
11
Twitters• name• location• web• bio
1
1
Many-to-Many
Contacts• name• company• title• phone
Groups• name
GroupContacts
• group_id• contact_id
Use arrays instead
XTraditional Relational Association
Join Table
Many-to-Many
group
• contact_ids: [ ]
contactN N
groupcontact
• group_ids: [ ]
N N
group• contacts
contactN
contact• groups
group N
Schema Design Choices
Many-to-Many
Reference Embed
groupcontact
• group_ids: [ ]
N N
General Recommendation
Many-to-Many
Contact referencesgroups
Many-to-Many
Group embeds contacts for performance
group• contacts
contactN
Contacts• name• company• title
addresses• type• street• city• state• zip_code
phones• type• number
emails• type• address
thumbnail• mime_type• data
Portraits• mime_type• data
Groups• name
N
1
N
1
twitter• name• location• web• bio
N
N
N
1
1
Document model - holistic and efficient representation
Contact document example
{
“name” : “Gary J. Murakami, Ph.D.”,
“company” : “MongoDB, Inc.”,
“title” : “Lead Engineer”,
“twitter” : {
“name” : “Gary Murakami”, “location” : “New Providence, NJ”,
“web” : “http://www.nobell.org”
},
“portrait_id” : 1,
“addresses” : [
{ “type” : “work”, “street” : ”229 W 43rd St.”, “city” : “New York”, “zip_code” : “10036” }
],
“phones” : [
{ “type” : “work”, “number” : “1-866-237-8815 x8015” }
],
“emails” : [
{ “type” : “work”, “address” : “[email protected]” },
{ “type” : “home”, “address” : “[email protected]” }
]
}
Resources
mongodb.org/downloads
mongodb.com
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