Scekic caise13-

25th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering

June 17-21, 2013, Valencia, Spain

Ognjen Scekic, Hong-Linh Truong, Schahram Dustdar

Distributed Systems GroupVienna University of Technology

http://dsg.tuwien.ac.at

Programming Incentives in Information Systems

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Evolution of Collaborative Processes

Conventional workflows• formal description• structured execution• predefined roles and activities• complex tasks

Crowdsourcing• simple tasks• anonymous replaceable actors• short, unstructured interactions• No interaction/collaboration

among actors

+

=Socio-technical Collective Adaptive Systems• ad-hoc assembled teams• complex tasks• social orchestration• indirect adaptation

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Programmable incentive management

Requirements:– Modeling– Programming– Execution– Monitoring– Re-use

Incentive Programming Model for CASs

EU FP7 SmartSociety project www.smart-society-project.eu

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Incentives & Rewards

• IncentivesStimulate (motivate) or discourage certain worker activities before the actual execution of those activities.

• RewardsAny kind of recompense for worthy services rendered or retribution for wrongdoing exerted upon workers after the completion of activity.

• Incentive MechanismA plan (rule) for assigning rewards.

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We identified 7 basic incentive mechanisms in use today and their constituent elements.

New mechanisms can be built by composing and customizing well-known incentive elements.

Portable, reusable, scalable

Modeling Incentives

desi

gn t

ime

run

time

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Executing Incentives

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PRogrammable INCentives Framework (PRINC)

Representation of external system suitable for modeling application of incentives.

• State – Global state, individual worker attributes and performance metrics (QoS).

• Time – Records of past and future worker interactions supporting time conditions.

• Structure – Representation and manipulation of various types of relationships

Rewarding Model (RMod)

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Examples of mechanisms that RMod can encode and execute:

− At the end of iteration, award each worker who scored better than the average score of his immediate neighbors.

− Unless the productivity increases to a level p within n next iterations, replace team's current manager with the most-trusted of his subordinate workers.

The Rewarding Model (RMod)

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PRINC Framework

• Definition of system-specific artifacts, actions, attributes and relation types.

• Definition and parameterization of metrics, messages, structural patterns and custom incentive mechanisms.

Mapping Model (MMod)

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The Mapping Model (MMod) Example: Adapting a general incentive mechanism for a software

testing company.

DSL

When a bug report is verified, award points to the submitter. library

When a task has been evaluated as correctlyperformed, assign reward to worker.

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PRINC Framework

• Declarative, domain-specific language. • High-level, platform independent, human-

friendly notation.

Incentive Model (IMod)

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We do not invent nor evaluate incentive mechanisms.

Basic techniques, such as composition of mechanisms evaluated through simulation:

DomainPro1 tool

Evaluation

1 http://quandarypeak.com/

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Functional evaluation of RMod prototype. e.g. structural incentive mechanism rotating

presidency.

Evaluation

internal rule representation1.

2.

3.

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Functional evaluation Encoding real-world incentive schemes, e.g., lottery

and shares Locationary.com

Evaluation

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Conclusions:– Socio-technical systems need effective incentive

management.– We presented a framework for modeling, composing,

adapting, executing and monitoring portable incentive strategies.

Current work:– High-level, user-friendly, graphical DSL.– Integration into the overall programming model for CASs.

Future Work:– Determine best incentive practices in a given environment

by learning from past incentive applications.

Conclusion & Future Work

25th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering

June 17-21, 2013, Valencia, Spain

Ognjen Scekic, Hong-Linh Truong, Schahram Dustdar

Distributed Systems GroupVienna University of Technology

http://dsg.tuwien.ac.at

Modeling Rewards and Incentive Mechanisms for Social BPM

Thank you! Questions?