Top Banner
 Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly inhomogeneous atmospheres Beaulieu 2007
29

Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

Jul 20, 2020

Download

Documents

dariahiddleston
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly inhomogeneous 

atmospheres

Beaulieu 2007

Page 2: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures

Equations, equations, equations...

The method: linearization, harmonic analysis, numerical solution

Conclusions: it works

The talk, briefly:

Page 3: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

Scattering line polarization: the classical (springs) model

Q > 0U = 0

Page 4: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

The Hanle effect: the classical (spring & hops) model

B

Q < Q0 U = 0/

Page 5: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

Scattering line polarization: horizontal illumination

Q < Q0U = 0

Page 6: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

Scattering polarization: oblique illumination

Q < Q0 U = 0/

Page 7: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

Scattering polarization: oblique illumination

Q < Q0 U = 0/

As the Hanle effect!

Page 8: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

(unpolarized lower level)

Scattering line polarization: radiative transfer equations

Page 9: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

Scattering line polarization: radiative transfer equations

Page 10: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

Scattering line polarization: statistical equilibrium

Page 11: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

Radiation field tensors

Page 12: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

Planeparallel geometry: We know how to solve it (either using of statistical tensors, or with equivalent phase matrix formalism)

2D & 3D geometries are hard, but it can be done nonetheless (Manso Sainz 2002, Manso Sainz & Trujillo Bueno 1998)

Here we consider a restricted case (easier, more transparent, more fun):2D case with weak fluctuations

1. Linear problem2. 3D problem can be reduced to this 2D case

Page 13: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

A note on symmetry of a 2D scattering atmosphere

Therefore:

Let y be the invariant direction (i.e., things vary along x), then a reflexionon the y­z plane  leaves the system invariant. Therefore:

x x

yy

z z

Page 14: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

Radiation field tensors

Page 15: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

Assuming weak horizontal fluctuations:

Then:

The RTE for intensity:

Page 16: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

Assuming weak horizontal fluctuations:

Then:

The RTE for Stokes Q:

Page 17: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

Assuming weak horizontal fluctuations:

Then:

The RTE for intensity:

Page 18: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

Harmonic Analysis

Let's assume:

Then, due to linearity, every Stokes parameter I, Q & U satisfies: 

Page 19: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

A note on the symmetries of the sinusoidal fluctuations

Page 20: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

Therefore:

(and analogously for Q and U)

Page 21: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

Therefore:

Page 22: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

Hence, for the sinusoidal fluctuation:

Page 23: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

The 2D transfer equation for the fluctuations:

Two coupled (pseudo) 1D transfer equations for the amplitudes:

Page 24: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

Derivation:

QEDIdentify cos & sin terms.

Page 25: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

Numerical method of solution

Formal solution based on short­characteristics integration (but for two coupled equations)

Angular quadrature: Gaussian for inclination (as always), and trapezoidal rule for azimuth

Iterative method: variation on ALI or GS including inversion of a tridiagonal matrix

More details: soon

Page 26: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

Amplitudes of the radiation field tensor fluctuations

Page 27: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

Emergent profiles along the sinusoidal fluctuations

0.1

0.2

0.30.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.2

.

0.3 0.4

0.5

/ = 0.1

Page 28: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

As long as we keep linear:

A 3D problem reduces to several 2D problems (Fourier transform on the horizontal plane + rotations of radiation tensors)

A 2D problem reduces to 2 coupled plane­parallel problems

The 1D problem is easily (fast and accurate) solved numerically  

Summarizing...

Page 29: Scattering line polarization and Hanle effect in weakly ... · A gentle introduction: scattering line polarization, the Hanle effect and horizontal transfer effects in pictures Equations,

   

So, now what?Further generalizations:

Magnetic field (Hanle effect)     easy

Perturbation of other parameters (other than B and k)    easy

From normal Zeeman triplet to transitions with lower level atomic polarization    ha!