PERIODONTAL INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION SEYED VAHID MALEK HOSSEINI
PERIODONTAL
INSTRUMENTS &
INSTRUMENTATION
SEYED VAHID MALEK HOSSEINI
PERIDONTAL INSTRUMENTS classification:
1. PERIODONTAL PROBES
2. EXPLORERS
3. SCALING, ROOT-PLANING & CURETTAGE
4. PERIODONTAL ENDOSCOPE
5. CLEANSING & POLISHING INSTRUMENTS
PARTS OF INSTRUMENT
CLASSIFICATION
• PERIODONTAL PROBES
used to locate, measure and mark pockets as well as
determine their course on individual tooth surfaces
NABERS PROBE• TAPERED ROD LIKE INSTRUMENT CALIBERATED
IN MILLIMETERS, WITH A BLUNT ROUND TIP
• FURCATION AREAS BEST EVALUATED BY THE CURVED BLUNT NABERS PROBE
• PLASTIC PROBES IN CASE OF IMPLANTS
• PROBE IS INSERTED WITH A FIRM GENTLE PRESSURE TO THE BOTTOM OF THE POCKET. SHANK SHOULD ALLIGN WITH THE LONG AXIS OF THE TOOTH
PERIDONATAL PROBES
A. Marquis colour coded probe
B. Unc-15 probe
C. University of Michigan “o” probe
D. Michigan “o” probe with marking 3, 6 and 8
E. W.H.O. probe
walking
Interproximal probing
EXPLORERS
to locate calculus deposites and caries
EXPLORERS
SCALING, ROOT-PLANING AND
CURETTAGE INSTRUMENTS-
• for removal of plaque and calcified deposites from crown
and root of tooth, removal of altered cementum from the subgingival root surface, and debridement of the soft
tissue lining the pocket.
1-Curettes
2-sicle
3-periodontal files
4-chisel
5-hoe
Type of scalers:
SICKLE SCALERS / SUPRAGINGIVAL
SCALERS
• USED TO REMOVE LARGE CALCULUS DEPOSITS FROM THE ENAMEL SURFACE
• USED WITH A PULL STROKE
3 large siclesu 15/30 ball indiana uni
medium-size blades
The Jaquette sickle scalers #1, 2, and 3
SICKEL SCALERS 204
Nevi 2
Supra gingival calculus in posterior areas
Question ?
Why supragingival ?
curettes
Curettes- for subgingival scaling, root planing and removal
of the soft tissue lining the pocket
All curettes share the same common elements:
Rounded back
Rounded toe
Semi-circular cross section
• CURETTES ARE OF TWO TYPES
1.UNIVERSAL
2.AREA SPECIFIC
• UNIVERSAL CURETTES
-USED IN ANY AREA
-BOTH CUTTING EDGES USED
-CURVED IN ONE PLANE
-FACE OF BLADE AT 90 DEGREE TO SHANK
• AREA SPECIFIC
-USED IN SPECIFIC AREAS
-ONE CUTTING EDGE USED
-CURVED IN TWO PLANE
OFFSET BLADE
universal
curves
Universals
curettes #1-2 and 5-6 and the Columbia curettes
#13-14, 2R-2L, and 4R-4L
Younger-Good #7-8
, McCall’s #17-18,
and the Indiana University #17-18
CURETTES
Gracy curettes
GRACEY CURETTES
1-2 & 3-4 ANTERIOR TEETH
5-6 ANTERIOR TEETH &
PREMOLARS
7-8 & 9-10 FACIAL & LINGUAL-
POSTERIORS
11-12 MESIAL- POSTERIORS
13-14 DISTAL- POSTERIORS
Modifications
15- 16 mod of 11-12 17-18 mod of 13-14
Gracy chart
After five curettes
3mm
Designed for instrumentation in deeper
periodontal pockets.
The terminal shank is elongated 3mm to
provide better clearance around crowns, and superior access to root contours and
pockets 5mm or more in depth.
Blade thinned by 10% to ease gingival
insertion and reduce tissue distention.
Mini five Designed with the same elongated terminal
shank and thinned blades as the After Five Gracey Curettes.
50% shorter blade for access to smaller roots, narrow pockets, furcations, and developmental grooves.
Gracey curvettes
Mini blade
length of these instruments is 50% shorter than that of the conventional Gracey
blade has been curved slightly upward
curvature also carries the risk of gouging or
“grooving”
Gracey curvettes
Gracey curvettes
the Sub-0 and the #1-2 are used for anterior teeth andpremolars,
the #11-12 is used for posterior mesial surfaces, and the
#13-14 for posterior distal surfaces
Langer and Mini-Langer Curettes
CHISEL SCALERS• IT IS DESIGNED FOR THE PROXIMAL SURFACE OF TEETH TOO CLOSELY
SPACED TO PERMIT THE USE OF OTHER SCALERS
• IT IS USUALLY USED IN ANTERIOR PART OF THE MOUTH
• CHISEL INSERTED FROM FACIAL SURFACE
• INSTRUMENT IS ACTIVATED WITH A PUSH MOTION WHILE THE SIDE SIDE OF
THE BLADE IS HELD FIRMLY AGAINST THE ROOT
HOE SCALERS• HOE SCALERS ARE USED FOR SCALING OF LEDGES OR
RINGS CALCULUS
• BLADE IS BENT AT 99 ANGLE
• CUTTING EDGE BEVELED AT 45 DEGREE
• BLADE IS SLIGHT BOWED SO THAT IT CAN MAINTAIN TWO
CONTACT AT TWO POINTS ON A CONVEX SURFACE
• THE BLADE IS INSERTED TO THE BASE OF THE
PERIDONTAL POCKET SO THAT IT MAKES TWO POINT
CONTACT WITH THE TOOTH .THIS STABLIZES THE
INSTRUMENT AND PREVENT NICKING OF THE ROOT.
• THE INSTRUMENT IS ACTIVATED WITH A FIRM PULL
STROKE TOWARD THE CROWN,
Hoe scalers
Hoe scaler
McCall’s #3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are a set of six hoe scalers designed to provide access to all tooth surfaces.
3.4.5 for anrerior and premolar
7.8.9 for posterior
FILES• THEIR PRIMARY FUNCTION IS TO
FRACTURE OR CRUSH LARGE DEPOSITE OF
TENACIOUS CALCULUS
• FILES CAN EASILY ROUGHEN ROOT
SURFACES WHEN USED IMPROPERLY
THEREFORE, THEY ARE SUITABLE FOR FINE
SCALING
• MINI BLABE CURETTE ARE NOW
PREFERRED
Excess force May cause gouging or “grooving”
Schwartz Periotriever
The long blade is for general use in pockets, and the contra-angled tip is for use in furcations
Plastic Instruments for Implants.
QUETIN FURCATION CURETTES
The Quétin furcation curettes are actually hoes with a shallow, half-moon radius that fits into the roof or floor of the furcation
QUETIN FURCATION CURETTES
The BL1 (buccal-lingual) and MD1 (mesial-distal) instruments are small and fine, with a 0.9-mmblade width.forroot planning
The BL2 and MD2 instruments are larger and wider,with a 1.3-mm blade width.
For scaling
DIAMOND COATED FILES
UNIQUE INSTRUMENTS USED FOR FINAL FINISHING OF ROOT SURFACES
QUETIN FURCATION CURETTES
HOES WITH A SHALLOW, HALF MOON RADIOUS THAT FITS INTO ROOF OR
FLOOR OF FURCATION & DEVELOPMENTAL DEPRESSIONS OF ROOT SURFACE
ULTRASONIC INSTRUMENTS• USED FOR REMOVING PLAQUE, STAINS, FOR
SCALING & CURETTAGE
2 TYPES-MAGNECTOSTRICTIVE & PIEZOELECTRIC
• ALTERNATING ELECTRIC CURRENTS GENERATES
OSCILLATIONS THAT CAUSES SCALER TIP TO
VIBRATE
• 20,000-45,000 CYCLES PER SEC
• IN MAGNETOSTRICTIVE, PATTERN OF VIBRATION
IS ELLIPTICAL- ALL SIDES OF THE TIP ARE
ACTIVE
• IN PIEZOELECTRIC, VIBRATION IS LINEAR- TWO
SIDES OF TIP ARE ACTIVE
CLEANSING & POLISHING INSTRUMENT
eg: rubber cups, brushes, dental tape,
air-powder abrasive system
Periodonal endoscopy
subgingival exploration
This device allows clear visualization deeply into
subgingival pockets and furcations
To evaluate subgingival areas for caries, defective restorations, root fractures,andresorption.
Question?
answer.
Gracy curettes