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These materials have been developed based on applicable federal laws and regulations in place at the time the materials were created. The program is being provided for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute and is not intended to provide OSHA compliance certification, regulatory compliance, a substitute for any "hands on“ training required by applicable laws and regulations, or other legal or professional advice or services. By accessing the materials, you assume all responsibility and risk arising from the use of the content contained therein. ©2010 Grainger Safety Services, Inc.
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Scaffold User in Construction
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Learning Objectives
Objectives:
► OSHA Standard for Scaffold users, 29 CFR 1926.454(a)
► Procedures for dealing with Hazards
► Proper use of scaffolds
► Proper material handling
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Agenda
Agenda:
► Overview
► Scaffold types
► Terminology
► Associated hazards
► Proper use
► Your responsibilities
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Overviewof the Issue
►Section 1
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Scaffold Use in Construction
Scaffold prevention:
► 4500 injuries annually
► 50 deaths annually
► $90 million in workdays
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Categories
Three major scaffolds:
► Supported
► Suspended
► Other
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What does OSHA have to say?
Key elements:
► Fall protection, fall arrest systems
► Guardrail height
► Crossbracing, midrails and footings
► Platforms, guying ties, and capacity
► Training
► Inspections
► Erecting and dismantling
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The Competent Person
Duties include:
► Select and direct employees
► Determine safe work conditions
► Training
► Inspections
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The Qualified Person
Duties include:
► Design and load scaffold
► Training
► Design rigging for suspension scaffolds
► Design platforms less than 36”
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Engineer
Must design:
► Direct connection of mason’s multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds
► Pole scaffolds over 60 feet tall
► Tube and coupler scaffolds over125 feet tall
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Employee Training
Training includes:
► Electrical, fall, and falling objects hazards
► How to deal with hazards
► Proper use of scaffolds
► Maximum intended load
► Other pertinent information
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Types of Scaffolds
►Section 2
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Types of Scaffolds
Scaffolds:
► Over 25 different types in use
► Most common include fabricated, supported frame or system scaffolds
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Types of Scaffolds
Scaffolds:
► Plasterers’, decorators, and large area scaffolds
► Bricklayers square scaffolds
► Horse scaffolds
► Form scaffolds
► Roof bracket scaffolds
► Outrigger scaffolds (one level)
► Pump and window jack scaffolds
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Types of Scaffolds
Scaffolds:
► Step, platform and trestle ladder
► Single point adjustable suspension
► Two point adjustable suspension
► Catenary scaffolds
► Float (ship) scaffolds
► Interior hung scaffolds
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Types of Scaffolds
Scaffolds:
► Needle beam scaffolds
► Multi-level suspension scaffolds
► Mobile scaffolds
► Repair bracket scaffolds
► Stilts
► Tank builder scaffolds
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Types of Scaffolds
Scaffolds:
► Many different scaffolds in workplace
► Choice is based on work to be performed
► Erection done only b trained professional
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Scaffold Terminology
►Section 3
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Scaffold Terminology
Terminology:
► What is a scaffold?
► What is a platform?
► What is a brace?
► What is a stair tower?
► What is a runner, ledger or ribbon?
► What is a bearer?
► What are mud sills and base plates?
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Scaffold Terminology
Terminology:
► What is a scaffold Competent Person?
► What is a scaffold Qualified Person?
► What is the Maximum Intended Load?
► What is a Rated Load?
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Hazards Associated with Scaffold Use
►Section 4
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Hazards Associated with Scaffold Use
Hazards:
► Electrical hazards
► Fall hazards
► Falling objects
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Electrical Hazards – Overhead Power Lines
Clearance for insulated lines:
► <300v = minimum 3 feet
► 300v to 50kv = minimum 10 feet
► >50kv = 10 feet + .4 inches for each kv over 50
Clearance for non-insulated lines:
► Less than 50kv = minimum 10 feet
► >50kv = 10 feet + .4 inches for each kv over 50
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Fall Hazards
Protection:
► Install guardrails
► Employ use of harness and lanyard (personal fall arrest system)
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Fall Hazards
Guardrail systems:
► Height between 38 and 45 inches
► Withstand 200 pounds of force
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Falling Objects Protection Systems
Falling objects protection:
► Hard hats
► Toe boards
► Safety screens or guardrails
► Debris nets, catch platforms, or canopy structures
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Proper Use of Scaffolds
►Section 5
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Proper Use of Scaffolds
Basic ground rules:
► Never overload scaffolds
► Always inspect scaffolds prior to use
► Repair, replace, or remove from service
► Competent or qualified individual supervises the erection, installation, repair, or relocation of scaffolds
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Basic Safety Issues for Work on Scaffolds
Be aware of:
► Weather conditions
► Debris
► Makeshift devices to gain height
► Ladders in use on platforms
► Load within capacity of scaffold
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What is Wrong with this Picture?
What do you think of this scaffold design?
► Planks not cleated or secured
► No guardrails
► Greater than 14 inch gap between scaffold and building
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What is Wrong with this Picture?
What do you think?
► No midrails
► No toeboards
► No mesh
► Safety lines not tied to proper anchorage
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Your Responsibilities
►Section 6
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Your Responsibilities
You should:
► Understand power lines within 10 feet
► Appropriate scaffolding inspection
► Properly install mud sills and base plates
► Guardrails and platforms secured in place
► Conditions of decking or planks
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Your Responsibilities
Also:
► Know the maximum intended load for each unit
► Know debris removal policy while on scaffolds
► Monitor weather conditions
► Worker training