SC.7.P.11.1- Recognize that adding heat to or removing heat from a system may result in a temperature change and possibly a change of state. Vocabulary.

SC.7.P.11.1- Recognize that adding heat to or removing heat from a system may result in a temperature change and possibly a change of state.

•Vocabulary (Make cards/flaps):

Vaporization

Equilibrium (p. 290)

Thermal Conductor

Thermal Insulator

Heat

Temperature

Convection

Conduction

Radiation

SC.7.P.11.4- Observe and describe that heat flows in predictable ways, moving from warmer objects to cooler ones until they reach the same temperature

PUT THIS IN YOUR

NOTEBOOK

First Things First…1) Go Over Quiz

2) Go Over Bill Nye Video

Essential Questions1) What is the difference between

heat and temperature?

2) How does an increase or decrease in heat affect molecules?

3) What causes a change of state in matter?

4) What are the predictable ways that heat flows?

Kinetic Molecular Theory• Helps explain the movement of particles in

matter. • Has 3 main points

1. All matter is made of tiny particles, like atoms and molecules

2. These particles are in constant, random motion3. These particles constantly collide with each other

and with the walls of their container.

Friday Warm-Up1. What are the 3 main states/phases of matter?

2. How do you think matter moves within the 3 states of matter?

Particle Speed in MatterSolid- particles vibrate in place (SLOW)

Liquid- particles slide past each other (FASTER)

Gas- particles move freely (FASTEST)

Thermal Energy• The sum of the kinetic energy and the potential

energy of the particles that make up an object• The more molecules an object has, the more

thermal energy it has.

Temperature• The measure of the average kinetic energy in

the particles in a material.• If an object feels cold, it’s molecules have low

kinetic energy.• The SI unit for temperature is Kelvin (K), but

scientists often use Celsius (C). • In the US, we usually use Fahrenheit (F) to

measure temperature.

Temperature Scales• Kelvin (K)

• Water boils at 373K• Water freezes at 273K• Absolute Zero (coldest possible temperature)

means no movement of particles. 0K

• Celsius (C)• Water boils at 100C• Water freezes at 0C

• Fahrenheit (F)• Water boils at 212F• Water freezes at

32F

Temp.Scale

Water Boils At:

Water Freezes At:

Heat • The movement of thermal energy from a region of

higher temperature to a region of lower temperature

• Thermal energy ALWAYS moves from warm to cold.• Eventually, both objects will reach thermal equilibrium.• The molecules inside the warmer object will transfer

some heat to the molecules inside the colder object until they have the same temperature.

Heat Transfer • There are three types of heat transfer:

1. Convection2. Conduction3. Radiation

Monday Warm-Up• Choose a NEW seat RESPONSIBLY! DO NOT SIT WITH

PEOPLE YOU WILL YAP TO… OR CARDS WILL BE WRITTEN ON!

• What are 3 things that you remember from last week’s heat lessons?

Conduction• The transfer of thermal energy by collisions

between particles in matter. • In other words… heat is transferred through direct

contact .• Molecules transfer energy to the molecules next

to them.

Convection• The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of

particles from one part of a material to another. • In other words, through the movement of currents

(circular)• Warm air/liquids are less dense and rise, cool air

liquids are more dense and sink.

Radiation• The transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic

waves.• In other words, no direct contact needed.

Heat Transfer

So what happens to matter when heated/cooled?• Stand up• Stay quiet

So what happens to matter when heated/cooled?• Most materials contract (shrink) when they are cooled….

and expand (grow) when they are heated. • This happens because as we have already learned,

molecules move faster (and occupy more volume) when heated and slower (occupy less volume) when cooled.

• This is called thermal expansion and thermal contraction.• Water is an exemption to thermal contraction… when it

cools down, it expands.

When thermal energy is added or removed from a system….• At the very least, a temperature change occurs. • If enough thermal energy is added or removed, a

change of state occurs.

DEMO TIME

•SIT QUICKLY AND QUIETLY•GET OUT YOUR NB AND PEN/PENCIL

Changes Between Solids and Liquids

Heat(make cold)

Heat

Changes Between Liquids and Gases

Heat(make cold)

Heat

Changes Between Solids and Gases

Heat(make cold)

Heat

Conductors and Insulators

• A thermal conductor is a material in which thermal energy moves quickly- it transfers thermal energy easily • Usually made of more dense materials

• A thermal insulator is a material in which thermal energy moves slowly- it does not transfer thermal energy easily• Usually made of less dense materials