SC U LP T URE Le c ture 9

SCULPTURELecture 9

IS IT A SCULPTURE?

IS IT A SCULPTURE? Yes!

Nike ofSamothrace

Marble

Greek Hellenistic Period

IS IT A SCULPTURE?

IS IT A SCULPTURE? Yes!

Greek Silver Coin

Apollo, Greek silver coin. c. 425 B.C.E. 1 1/8" diameter.

IS IT A SCULPTURE?

IS IT A SCULPTURE? No

They are functional objects…coffee mugs.

Still, aren’t they really cool??

IS IT A SCULPTURE?

IS IT A SCULPTURE? Yes!

Pablo Picasso, Bull’s

Head.

Bike seat andhandlebars

1942

“Ready-Made”

IS IT A SCULPTURE?• http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bADfh_JLLo

IS IT A SCULPTURE? Sorta?This is a Site

Specific Work, which has been included in the study of sculpture.

Christo and Jeanne Claude

The Gates, NYC in 2005

SCULPTURE

Artworks that exist in three dimension are called sculpture (NOT statues).

Classified by how it is viewed: In the round (seen

from all sides) Relief (image

projects from the background)

Alexander Calder. Obus. 1972.142 1/2" x 152" x 89 5/8".See also Figure 10.1

SCULPTURE:IN THE ROUND

Sculpture-in-the-round: freestanding sculptures with fronts, sides, backs, and tops. The spaces around the sculpture may also take on meaning in the work.

COMPARE / CONTRAST:

Charles Ray. Self-Portrait. 1990.75" x 26" x 20". Robert Arneson. California Artist. 1982.

68 1/4" x 27 1/2" x 20 1/4".

SCULPTURE: RELIEF

Relief: A sculpture that is not freestanding but projects from a background surface. Viewing these works is similar to viewing a 2D form (ex: painting or drawing). Relief sculpture is referred to as high relief, or low (bas) relief.

Robert Longo. Corporate Wars: Wall of Influence, middle portion. 1982. 7' x 9'.

Army on the March. 1100–1150.

SCULPTURE:SUBTRACTIVE PROCESSES

Subtractive process: unwanted material is removed. Most difficult process.

Carving: the sculptor starts with a block of material and cuts/chisels away portions of it until the form is created.

Common media are stone, wood, ivory. Michelangelo Buonarroti. Awakening Slave. 1530–1534.

Height 9'.

CARVING MARBLE

http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/videoDetails?

segid=4219

Tools featured in this video: Tooth chisel Point chisel Drill Rasp (a metal filing/smoothing tool)

SCULPTURE:ADDITIVE PROCESSES

Additive process: material is added, assembled, or built-up.

Common additive processes are modeling, casting, and constructions.

Modeled works are often made from clay, cast works are often metal, and constructions are any kind of material adhered together.

Ken Price, Vink, 2009. Figure 10.7Modeling

Deborah Butterfield. Conure . 2007. 92.5”x119”x30”.

Marc Andre Robinson. Throne for the Greatest Rapper of all Time. 2005. 76”x 69” x 48”.

COMPARE / CONTRAST

CASTING BRONZES / LOST WAX CASTING http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/videoDetails?segi

d=370

Tools used in this video: Wax skin over clay form/core Iron and wire armature Second wax form Core pins of iron Sprues (wax rods) Pouring cup Kiln (oven) Molten bronze in a crucible Chisel and small iron tools Cloth

Rachel Whiteread. Public Art Fund Watertower Project. 1997. 12' high, 9' diameter.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEtsYIIIfkw

http://www.moma.org/collection/object.php?object_id=82016

INSTALLATION Type of 3D art that

transforms a space to tell a story.

The entire room is filled with items that conveys the content.

Works that cannot be moved are called site- specific.

Cady Noland. This Piece Doesn't Have a Title Yet. 1989.

Olafur Eliasson. The Weather Project. 2003–2004.

IS THIS WORK INSTALLATION?IS THIS WORK SITE-SPECIFIC?

Olafur Eliasson. The Weather Project. 2003–2004.

IS THIS WORK INSTALLATION?

YES

IS THIS WORK SITE-SPECIFIC?

YES

RICHARD SERRA’S TILTED ARC, IN NEWYORK’S FEDERAL PLAZA 1981-1989

120 feet long, 12 feet high,

2.5 inches thick

Unfinished steel

$175,000

ART OR EYESORE? ART “The viewer becomes

aware of himself and of his movement through the plaza. As he moves, the sculpture changes. Contraction and expansion of the sculpture result from the viewer’s movement. Step by step the perception not only of the sculpture but of the entire environment changes.”

ART OR EYESORE? UGLY!!! “Tilted Arc was slammed

with a whole thesaurus of negative adjectives— "arrogant," "overbearing," "barren" and "depressing"—and a few disparaging nouns like "eyesore" and "iron curtain." The sculpture was accused of ruining the plaza, collecting litter, attracting graffiti and aiding potential terrorists. The solution, said William Toby, regional administrator of the Health Care Financing Administration, was "relocation to a better site—a metal salvage yard."

People magazine, 1985.

ART OR EYESORE? WHAT DO YOU THINK? What are some of

the main functions of public art in the United States today?

Does public art need to be attractive?

What rights does an artist have to their work if it is in a public arena?

Matthew Barney

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJfI1LRK0tc

http://www.pbs.org/art21/watch-now/segment-matthew-barney-in-consumption

AFTER LECTURE 9 YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO: Distinguish between Sculpture-in-the-round and

Relief sculpture.

Identify how modeling, casting, carving, and assembling differ.

Describe how cast works in metal are created.

Explain how installation works differ fromtraditional 2D and 3D works.