-
12
q&mBuD;a&TOa'gif;
woufwmrSwfwrf;ESifh tawG;tac:rsm;
yxrydkif;
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rif;BuD;onf xdkvl\ Oy"d&kyfudk oabmusonfESifh
4if;\t&nftcsif;udk
prf;oyf oifhawmfvQif &mxl;cefUxm;vdkaomtBuHjzpf\/
okdUjzpf
rif;BuD;onf rdrdoddvdkaom yk*dKvfwOD;\trnf? ae&yfESifh
tvkyftudkifwkdU
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aeUa&mnyg
t&dyfozG,f wG,fuyfvkdufygvsuf 4if;ajymorQ vkyforQ
tvkH;pkHudk
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tpD&ifcHayvdrfhrnf/
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a&;om;&mwGif
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&Sufvnf;
r&Suf? [kwfrSeforQudk ]t&if;wdkif;}
a&;om;azmfjy&efBuH&G,fyg onf/
-
13
pkHaxmufavmif;onf xdkyk*dKvf\ pdwftBuHrsm;udk odEdkifcGifh
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ay&m?uREkfyfrSmrl
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EIdufEIdufcRwfcRwf
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tqdk;csnf;vnf;
rjzpfEkdif/ taumif;ESifhtqdk; (tenf;ESifhtrsm;)
a&m>yrf;vsuf &Sdjcif;udkom
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taumif;ESifhtqdk;
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aumif;aomtcsuftvufrsm;udk azmfjyonfh
tvSnfhwGif ]*kPf,lonf} odkUr[kwf ]
-
14
ypKyefb0\ jyKjyifrI jzpfonfqkdjcif;udk (OmPfrSDoavmuf)
ydkif;jcm;a0zef
wifjyvdkjcif;jzpfygonf/ vdk&if;tcsKyf uREkfyftaMumif;udk
uREkfyfa&;om;
azmfjyjcif;jzpfapumrl (trsKd;orD;pma&;q&mwOD;u
a0zefzl;onfhtwkdif;)
igwnf;[laom pdwfxm;rygyJ tjyifvlwa,muftaejzifh
a&;om;zkdUBudK;pm;
rnfjzpfygonf/ uREkfyf\pmigoabm(yvTm;vdkaomoabm) rnfrQavmuf
uif; ruif;udkrl pmzwfolwkdU qkH;jzwfMu&ef jzpfygonf/
uREkfyf\tjzpftysufrsm;rSm twKywd &dk;&dk;taejzifh
a&;om;azmfjy
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(a&;wwfolvnf;
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t&mrsm;yg&Sdwwf
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oufqkdif&mae&mrsm;wGif xnfhoGif;azmfjy&ygonf/
uREkfyf\tawG;tac:
rsm;rSmvnf; (rSefuefjcif;? rrSefuefjcif;udk tyxm;) tpOftvm
ynm&Sdrsm;\ t,ltqrsm;ESifh uJGvJGrIrsm;
&Sdvdrfhrnfjzpf&m rnfonfu
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rSwfrdaom
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trSwftom;wck
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a&;om;cJUbl;&m
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tjzpftysufwckudk owd&rdygonf/ uREkfyfrSm om;OD;jzpf
'kwd,
arG;zGm;onfh uREkfyf\ESronf uREkfyfxufokH;ESpfcefUi,f&m
taemufwdkif;
-
15
jynfrsm; 7v? 10vrQom rdcifEdkUudk wkdufauR;Muonfqdk aomfvnf;
uREkfyfrSm ESpfESpfausmfrQ EdkUpdkUcGifh&ygvsufESifhyif
rdbrsm;onf uREkfyftm;
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pm;p&mrsm;udk auR;arG;Muonf/ (xdkpOfu EdkUAl;wdkufaom
tavhtx
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MuufaygifaMumf paom
pm;p&mrsm;onf uREkfyftwGufjzpf rdbrsm;rlum;
Muuf&dk;ESifh 0ufqD
0ufacgufavmufom pm;Muonf/ zcif\ESrrsm;? rdcif\nDrrsm;
onfuREkfyfwkdUaetdrfodkU wa,mufwvSnfhvma&muf
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4if;wkdUonf
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uREkfyfonf pm;p&mrsm;
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twGufaMumifh t&omnHUoGm;jcif;[l i,fpOfu rodaomfvnf;
rdcif
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t&mom
-
16
odjcif;ESifh pum;ajymjcif;wnf;[laom tvkyfESpfrsKd;
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Taster)
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(toufav;ig;ESpft&G,f)
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wa,muf
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aq;jyif;vdyfudk ckHay:wifNyD;
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17
aq;vdyfonfu vSdrfhvdkufouJUodkU udk,fvkH;avsmhNyD;
t&yf&SnfxGufvm&
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-
18
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onfudkjrif&vQif
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19
aoG;xGufoH,dk rawGU&onfESifh ]]udk,fhzmom aqmhvdkU
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(rdcif\nDr)
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20
ta':wa,mufESifhtwl ausmif;wuf
uREfkyftm;umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;
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21
uREfkyfonf i,fpOfu tjzpftysufrsm;udk
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cRefxufaom
ql;rsm;jzpfay:vmykHudk tqifhqifhazmfjyygOD;rnf/
av;ig;ESpfom; t&G,fyif uREkffyfonf uav;tcsif;csif;tay:
cspfcifpdwf ayghavsmhvmcJUaomfvnf;
uREkfyf\rdbrsm;ESifhywfoufrlum;
uREkfyfuvnf; tvGefcspf 4if;wkdU\ cspfjcif;udkvnf;
,kHrSm;oHo,
r&Sdacs/ uREfkyf\ESruav;tay: uREkfyfMuifemjcif;udk
txufwGif
t>rufrQ azmfjycJU&m 4if;ESifhywfouf uREkfyf\pdwf
xdckdufcJUbl;ykHludk
azmfjy&ayOD; rnf/ tcsKdUuav;rsm;onf i,fpOfu tvGefaumif;
BuD;jyif;vmrS qkd;wwfykH? tcsKdUrSmvnf; i,fpOfu
tvGefqdk;wwfMu
BuD;umrSaumif; wwfykHwkdUudk vlBuD;rsm; ajymavh&SdMu\/
ESruav;rSm
BuD;jyif;vmaomtcg tvGefaumif;aomfvnf; i,fpOfurl
tvGefqkd;vS\/
(uG,fvGef&SmonfrSm ESpfaygif; 30ausmfNyD/) ESruav;onf
nwdkif;wGif
apmapmtdyfwwf oef;acgifausmfaom tcsdefwGif tdyfa&;0onfh
vuPmESifhwusnfusnfyl qmwwf\/ [dk[mpm;csifonf? onf[m
pm;csifonf ponfjzifh em;ylem; qmvkyfwwf rdcifu acsmhcsnfwcg
acsmufcsnfwvSnfhjzifh odyf&\/ wcgw&H jrefjreftdyf
wcgw&Hvnf;
wtDtDESifh tMumBuD; idkaewwf\/ wno uREkfyfonf
-
22
ESruav;idkoHaMumifh Edk;vm Munfhvkdufaomtcg uav;rSm
tdrfjyifodkUa&mufae rdcifESifhzcifwkdUu tdfrftwGif;
wHcg;teD;rS &yfum
]]rwdwfbl;vm;? wdwfrSzGifhay;r,f}[kajym&m uav;url
]csrf;vSygNyD?
zGifhay;yg? zGifhay;yg}[k idkvsufomajym\/ tidkrwdwfacs/
&moDum;
aqmif;Owk&moDjzpf uREfkyfudk,fwdkif apmifNcKHxJ
auG;vsuf&Sd
jcif;udkrSwfrd\/ uav;uvnf;idk? rdbrsm;uvnf; wHcg;zGifhray;yJ
]]wdwfav? rwdwfbl;vm;? rcsrf;bl;vm;}[k ar;vsuf&Sd&m
uREfkyfrSm
tdrfjyif ESruav;\ csrf;at;&SmvSrnfh tjzpfudk
oem;vSojzifh
apmifNcKHxJ wdwfwqdwf Budwfum rsuf&nfrsm;
&TJatmifidkrdonf/ rdbrsm;
tm; awmif;yefay;zkdU rqdkxm;bd uREfkyfEdk;aeonfhtjzpfudkyif
rodap0HUay/
wGif om;orD;rsm;udk tvGefcspfcif wwfonf[k ,lqonfh
(,ckwkdifvnf; ,kHrSm;jcif;r&Sdyg/) trdtzrsm;tm; ESruav;tm;
nSOf;qJESdyf
pufMuonf[laom txifuyfa&mufvmojzifh uREfkyfrSm pdwfxJwGif
tvGefraumif;vmyJ wwd,ql;wacsmif;aygufvm&jyefygonf/
,ckrS zGifhajymjcif;
odkU a&;om;jcif;twGufaMumifh rdbrsm;tay:
uREkfyfpdwfxm;ykHudk
pmzwfolwdkUtxifvGJrnfpdk;ojzifh &Sif;vif;
azmfjy&ayOD;rnf/ uREkfyfonf
txufyg tjzpftysufudk rdcif zcifwkdUtm; vnf;aumif;?
uG,fvGefoltm;
vnf;aumif;? ,ck &Sdaeaom nDwa,muftm;vnf;aumif;?
tjcm;olwpkH
wa,muftm;vnf;aumif; woufywfvkH; wBudrfwcg wcGef;wyg'rQ
zGifhajymjybl;jcif;r&Sdonfum;rSefygonf/
woufvkH;rajymyJjrKHxm;cJYygvsuf
,ckrS xnfha&;&jcif;rSm uREkfyf\ pdwfajymif;vJykH
tjcif;t&mrsm;udk jynfhpkH
-
23
atmifazmfjyrnf[k azmfxkwfaMunmxm;cJUonfhtwkdif;
vlUobm0udkwifjy
vkdaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ 1930 jynfhESpf yJcl;NrdKUivsifBuD;wGif
uREkfyfwkdU\
tdrfom;tm;vkH;onf (rdcifvnf;ygonf) tdrfay:rS qif;ajy;Mu
vrf;r
BuD;ay: av;bufaxmufolaxmuf ?0rf;vsm;arSmufolarSmuf &SdaeMu
pOf
uREkfyfonf vIdif;rsm;ozG,f tvdyfvdyfxvsuf&Sdaom
ajrBuD;udkjrif&
tm;ri,fpbl; i,frdonf/ tm;i,fjcif;um; tcdkiftrmqkH; [l pdwfcs
,kHMunfx;onfh [myx0DajrBuD;udk,fuuJUodkU vIyfcgaevsifigonf
tb,frSm aep&m&sdawmhtHUenf;[laom
pdfwful;0ifvmjcif;amumifh jzpf\/
xkdnOfhuvnf; uREkfyfESifh ESruav;wkdUtm; cspfcifrIESifh
ywfouf
vkH;0'Gd[ oHo,r&SdcJUbl;ojzifh tvkH;pkH ,kHMunftm;udk;aom
rdbESpfyg;wkdU
udk,fwdkifu ESruav;tm; (uREkfyf\txift&)
&ufpufpGmjyKrljcif;udk
rsufpdESifh udk,fwkdifjrif&aomtcg &ifxJqdkU
cdkudk;&mrJU jzpfoGm;cJU&
ygonf/ uREkfyfajym&Jygonf/ rdbESpfyg;tay:
uREkfyfpdwfemjcif;vnf;
r[kwf? pdwfqkd; jcif;vnf;r[kwf? pdwfxJ tBuD;tus,ftHUtm;oifh
]b,fhES,fygvdrfh? b,fvkdygvdrfh} tp&Sdojzifh
txyfxyfar;um
pdwftm;i,frdjcif;rQom jzpfygonf/ twGufaMumifh uREkfyf\
obm0ql;wacsmif;xyf aygufvmjcif;um; trSefjzpfygonf/
pdwfwkdpjyKjcif;
aemufwaeUeHeuf uREkfyftdyf&mrS xaomtcg EGm;EdkUonf
ykPm;r
a&mufaeavNyD/ rMumao;rDu uREkfyftenf;i,f
rusef;rrmjzpfonfESifh
OD;av;wa,mufu MuufjzLuav;waumif ]crJ}ay;xm;&m uREkfyfonf
MuufjzLuav;udk tvGefcspf wayGUayGUwydkufydkufESifh
upm;avh&Sd\/
-
24
rusef;rrmNyD;cgpjzpf rdbrsm;onf uREkfyftm; aeUwdkif;
EGm;EdkUt0ufom
aomufapav&m ykPm;rxHrS eHeufwdkif; EGm;EdkU,l&efrSm
uREkfyf\wm0efjzpf
\/ uREkfyfonf ykPm;rudkjrif EGm;EdkUxnfh&ef ZvkH,lNyD;vQif
ykPm;ra&SUcs
xm; rsufESmopfpOf ykPm;ronf EGm;EdkUudk csifhxnfhNyD;aemuf
xGufoGm;
\/ uREkfyfonf rsufESmopfNyD;aemuf
EGm;EdkUZvkH&Sd&modkUavQmufvm&m
MuufjzLuav;onf ZvkHxJrSEGm;EdkUudk EIwfoD;jzifhESpfum
aomufaeonfudk
awGU&\/ wGifuREkfyfonf Muufuav;udkzrf; ajrBuD;ay:okdU
aygufvkduf &mraoaomfvnf; qefUiifqefUiifESifh
twefMumcH&&Smonf/
rdbrsm;onf uREkfyf\&ufpufaomtjyKtrludk jrifMu
tHUtm;oifhum
wa,mufrsufESm udk wa,mufMunfhaeMu\/ vludkaomfvnf;aumif;?
wd&pmefudkaomf vnf;aumif; &uf&ufpufpuf
jyKvkyfjcif;rSm tBudrfonf
yxrtBudrf jzpfonf[k rdcifuajym ]]Muufuav;aomufvdkU
b,favmufukefoGm; rSmvJ om;&,f}}[k qdk\/
uREkfyfjyKvkdufjcif;rSm
rdcifxifonfhtwdkif; EGm;EdkU udk ESajrmaomaMumifhayavm?
,refnOfhu
ESruav;\ jzpftifudk jrif& ojzifh
pdwfwkdvsuf&SdaomaMumifhayavm/
odkUwnf;r[kwf xdktaMumif;ESpf &yfaygif;pyfjcif;aMumifhayavm
rajymEdkif
atmif&Sdygonf/
rJtdk;wef;&yfuGuf
uREkfyfwkdUonf xdktcsdef rEav;NrdKU oif;csKdif;awmf
wHwm;ajrmuf
buf a&Twacsmif;eHab;&Sd rJtkd;wef;&yfuGuf
aexdkifvsuf&Sd&m
zcif\tvkyfrSm ydef;wef; zdeyfaxmifq&mjzpf
tvkyform;av;ig;a,muf
&Sdavonf/ xdk&yfuGufom;rsm;rlum; csnfMurf;udk
rJe,fqdk;aomtvkyfjzifh
-
25
toufarG;Mu 4if;&yfuGufrSmvnf; rJUtdk;wef;[k
ac:wGifjcif;jzpfavonf/
a&Twacsmif; urf;yg;wGif tvkyform;toD;oD;onf
0rf;bJOtkd;BuD;ESpfvkH;\
tv,frS xdkifvsuf vufrsm;jzifharTum rJe,fqdk;jcif;tvkyfudk
woDwwef;
BuD; vkyfMuonfrSm (uREkfyfwkdU uav;oli,frsm;tzkdU)
aysmfp&mBuD;[k
xifcJUrdonf/ (rMumao;rDu 4if;&yfuGufodkU tvGrf;ajy
oGm;Munfh&m
a&S;u rJtdk;wef;ESifhrwlawmhyJ rJe,fqkd;aomtvkyfudkvnf;
wOD;wa,muf
rQ vkyfudkifonfudk rawGUcJU&ay/)
&yfuGufuav;\ xl;jcm;csufwckudk azmfjy&ayOD;rnf/
rEav;
NrdKUBuD; awm&Gmrsm;rS ajymif;a&TUvmMuonfh
tdrfaxmifonfrsm; onf
olU&GmESifh olUtpk OruGJ odkufrysuf
aygif;pkaexdkifavh&SdMuav&m
tcsKdUaomt&yfrsm;ESifh ]0if;}rsm;rSm 4if;wkdUaexdkifcJUonfh
rlv&Gmtrnfrsm;
jzifhyif rSnfhac:Muavonf/ Oyrm-&GmomrS
ajymif;vma&TUvmaom
vlrsm;aMumifh ]&Gmomwef;}[l vnf;aumif;? acgawm&GmrS
ajymif;a&TUvm
Muaom olrsm;aMumifh ]acgawm0if;}[lvnf;aumif;
rSnfhac:Muavonf/
rJtdk;wef;&yfuGufrSmrl tvkyftudkifudk tpJGjyK
rSnfhac:Mujcif;
jzpfaomfvnf; 4if;t&yfol t&yfom;rsm;rlum; tm;vkH;vkdyif
rkH&Gme,f
urf;jzL&GmrSjzpfMu avonf/ uREkfyfwkdUrSmrl
zcif\ESrwa,mufu
4if;t&yfom;ESifh tdrfaxmif usonfESifh tdrf&m0,fNyD;
"m;wef;rS
ajymif;a&TUvmMujcif;jzpfavonf/ &yfuGufol
&yfuGufom;rsm;\
xl;jcm;csufwckrSm rEav;NrdKUBuD;wGif ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm
aexdkifcJUMuNyD;
jzpfaomfvnf; 0wfykHpm;ykH? ajymykHqdkykH? aeykH xdkifykH
tvkH;pkHrSm
rEav;NrdKUolNrdKUom;ESifh vkH;0rwl? rwlwjcm; &Sdaejcif;yif
jzpfonf/
waeUo uREkfyfonf uREkfyfwkdU\aetdrfESifh
ESpftdrfjcm;&Sdaom
-
26
]t&D;}\aetdrfodkU oGm;vnf jyefvmaomtcg rdcifu
]]ighom;bmrsm;
auR;vkdufovJ[JU}}[k ar;&m? uREkfyfu ]]bdk;bdk;bwfowf[if;
pm;cJU&
w,ftar}}[k jyefajymojzifh rdcifrSm
[uf[ufyufyuf&,farmavonf/
(4if;t&yf trJ0rf;wGif;o;udk ]]bkd;odk;bwfowf}}[k ac:onf/)
wGif
rdcifuzciftm; ]]'Dt&yfrSm MumMumaevdkU rjzpfygbl;
udk&if? uav;awG
urf;jzLpum; ajymukefMuawmhrSmyJ}}[k ajymavonf/
atmufjynfqif;Mujcif;
waeUo uREkfyf\zcifonf yJcl;NrdKUe,f wm0blwm
usKdufy'dkif&Gm&Sd
ol\baxG;wa,mufxHrS pmwapmif&&Sd\/ (4if;baxG;rSm
rdcif\Zmwdjzpf
onfha&Tbdke,f refusnf;wkH&GmrS
ajymif;a&TUoGm;oljzpf\/ refusnf;wkH&GmrSm
vnf; vuf0JokE&aMumifh acwfwGif vlodrsm;aom
&Gmuav;jzpfonf/)
4if;pm atmufjynfatmuf&GmwGif a&Txnf vuf0wfvufpm;rsm;
a&mif;cs
aumif;vSaomaMumifh tjrwftpGef; &EdkifaMumif;? rdrduyif
ulnD
a&mif;csay;rnfhtaMumif; yg&Sdavonf/ xdktcsdefydef;wef;
zdeyftvkyfrSm
cyfyg;yg;&Sdaom &moDjzpfav&m rdbrsm;onf
&SdpkrJUpkuav;rsm;udk xkcGJ
a&Txnfvuf0wfvufpm;rsm; 0,f,lum om;trd om;tz av;a,muf
atmufjynfodkUqif;oGm;Mu\/usKdufy'dkif&GmokdU
a&mufMuaomtcg aygifwGif
]uRJtom;rmem} ayguf rxEdkifyJ&Sd&m 4if;\baxG;u
vuf0wfvufpm;
rsm;udk a&mif;csay;&efwm0ef,lrnfqdk tyfvdkuf&\/
]uRJtom;rmem}
qkdonfrSm tvGefqkd; aowwfonf[k ajymMu\/ baxG;\ om;ESpf
a,mufwkdUonf uREkfyfwkdUarmifESrudk tvGef ]usDpm;}oefMu
ESruav;
tm;wa,mufu ypfay;vdkuf? wa,mufuzrf;vdkuf jyKvkyfMu&mwGif
-
27
rdcifrSm tonf;zdkvSonfESifh uefUuGufaomfvnf;
olwkdUnDtpfudkESpfa,muf
u ]]udpr&Sdygbl; trBuD;&,f? roum ao&kHayghAsm}}[k
ajymMuavonf/
uREkfyftm;vnf; xkdenf;wljyKMuao;&m uREkfyfu
vufudkudkufvdkufojzifh
]]acG;uav;ygvm;[}}[k qkdum em;o,fudktykwfcH&ao;onf/ tawm
wGif;zcifrSmvnf; aornf&Sifrnfrodaom tajctae &Sdae&m
uREkfyfrSm
rdcif\'kursm;udkjrif& uREkfyf\obm0wGif
ql;wacsmif;aygufvmcJU
jyefavNyD/ rdcifrSm uREkfyfodorQ woufvkH;wGif b,ftcgrS
avQmhbl;onf
r&Sd? wBudrfrl
tcsKdUrdef;rrsm;uJUodkUrsuf&nfusjcif;r&Sdaomfvnf;
rsufESm
wck vkH; wrsKd;jzpf BudwfcH&&Smonf/
uREkfyfwkdU a&mif;cs&ef ygvmaoma&Txnfrsm;rSm
a&mufuwnf;u
baxG;(uREkfyf\bkd;av;) vuf0,fodkU tyfvkdufav&m
bdk;av;onfol\vl
rsm;udk [dk&Gm onf&Gmrsm;okdU vSnfhvnfa&mif;csap\/
waeUo ypnf;rsm;
ESifhvTwfvdkufaom bkd;av;\a,mufzwa,mufonf vufarmif;wGif"m;
ESifhxkd;aom'Pf&mESifh jyefvm ypnf;tm;vkH;udk
vk,ljcif;cH&aMumif;
ajymavonf/ rdbrsm;rSm&SdpkrJUpkuav;udk tm;vkH;xkcJG
&if;ESD;vmcJUjcif;jzpf
aomaMumifh zcifrSm temaysmufcgeD;wGifrS pdwfxdcdkuf tzsm;BuD;
zsm;vm
&&Smjyefonf/ rdcifrlum; pdwfwif;oljzpf orD;uav;udk
ajrSmufupm;pOf
uavmufrQ rsufESmysufonf[k uREkfyfrxifay/ (ypnf;rsm;
vk,ljcif;cH&
onfqdkjcif;rSm vnfq,fjcif;rQom jzpfonf[k aemufydkif;wGif
Mum;od&\/
rdcif zcifrsm;rSm tvGef ]&dk;}olrsm;jzpf 4if;wkdU\
woufwmwGif
okH;Budrfwkdifwdkif eifhvSatmif vlvdrfcH&jcif;udk
uREkfyfrSwfrdonf/) ypnf;rsm;
ajymifonfhaemuf bkd;av;vifr,m;onf uREkfyfwkdUom;tz av;a,muf
tm; auR;xm;&jcif;twGuf 0efav;aomaMumifhayavm?
udk,fhwludk
udk,fvdrf&jcif;twGuf rsufESmylaomaMumifhayavm rqkdEdkif/
uREkfyfwkdUtay:
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28
wGif rsufESmxm;wrsKd;jyifvmjcif;udk uREkfyfyifod\/
rdbrsm;rSmrlum;
qdkzG,f&mr&Sdacs/ rEav;odkUjyef&eftwGuf
p&dwftenf;i,f&Sdaomfvnf;
zcif\ rusef;rmjcif;twGufaMumifh tcufBuD;BuKHaeMu&onf/
tawmtwGif; bkd;av;\om;ESpfa,mufu uREkfyfwkdUarmifESrtm;
usD;pm;vkdufMuonfrsm;rSm ,cifuxufyif rdcifu "m;ESifhckwfrnf
BuHpnf
rdaMumif;ESifh aemifwGif uREkfyftm;ajymjybl;onf/ aemufqkH;
rdcifzcifwdkU
pDpOfMuonfrSm temaumif;pGmrusufrcsif;
zcifae&pfuREkfyfwkdUom;trd
okH;a,muf rEav;odkU jyefESifhMu&efjzpfavonf/ cGJcgeD;
rdcifonf vlpk
vufrSvGwfayNyD[k atmufarhaomaMumifhayavmrqdkEdkif?
rsufESmnId;i,f
jcif;r&SdvSaomfvnf; zcifrlum;idk&Smavonf/
usKdufy'dkif&GmrS wm0blwm&kH
odkU om;trdokH;a,muf vSnf;ESifh xGufvmMu&mwGif (rnfolrQ
vdkufrydkU
Mu? zcifvnf; rydkUEdkif&Smacs) vrf;c&D; vSnf;ay:rl
rdcifonf
rsuf&nfwcg ESpfcg0dkif;vmjcif;udk uREkfyfjrif&onf/
okdUaomf okwfodrf;
avmufatmifum; r[kwf? jyef&Iyf,lvkduf[efwlonf/ uREkfyfonf
rdcif\pdwfudkod[efESifh rjrifcsifjyK rdcif\&ifcGifxuf
ayGUxm;onfh
ESruav;udk uREkfyf\&ifcGif ay:odkU a&GU,lvkdufonf/
rdcifonf uREkfyf\
tjyKtrludk oabmusonfESifh woufvkH;ajym
rqkH;atmif&Sdav&m
uREkfyfvnf; tm;&MunfEl;vSonf/
jyefvmMujcif;
wm0blwm&kHokdUa&mufMu vufrSwf0,f&mwGif rdcifonf
vlBuD;
twGuf vufrSwfwapmifom0,f uREkfyftwGuf uav;vufrSwf r0,f
awmhacs/ tvmc&D; uREkfyftwGuf 0,fygvsuf tjyefc&D;
r0,fjcif; rSm
-
29
ydkufqHenf;yg;aomaMumifh[k uREkfyfod&\/ okdU&mwGif
blwm&kHrS rD;&xm;
tvkyform;wa,mufESifh em;vnfrI,lxm;onf[k aemifwGif rdcifu
ajymod&\/ rD;&xm;qdkufcgeD;wGif blwm&kH0
apmifhvsuf&Sdaom vufrSwf
ppfESifhvJGap&ef rdcifonf uREkfyftm;
rD;&xm;tvkyform;\
vufodkUtyfvdkuf\/tpDtpOftaMumif;udk bmrQ
em;rvnfaomuREkfyfrSm
xdkvlESifh twlvdkufoGm; blwm&kH\tjyifodkU
a&mufcJUNyD;aomfvnf;
w&yfwaus; wGif vlpdrf;wa,mufESifh
Mum&SnfpGmae&jcif;udk&GHUonfESifh
tjyifodkUa&mufNyD; umrS rdcif&Sd&modkU jyefvm\/
rdcifurl uREkfyf\
OD;acgif;udk acgufjyefoGm; ckdif;ojzifh xGufvmjyef\/
aemufwBudrf
jyefoGm;&m cyfemem acgufvTwf vdkufjyef\/ wwd,tBudrfrlum;
rdcif
emBuD;pGm acgufvTwfvkdufav&m uREkfyfrSm
OD;acgif;udkyGwfowf&if;
udk,fhrdcifxHodkU udk,foGm;rdjcif;twGuf tacgufcH&onfrSm
em;rvnfEdkif
atmif jzpf ]b,fhES,f[mygvdrfh? b,fvkdygvdrfh} ponfjzifh
tBuD;tus,f
pdwf&Ijcif;aMumifh uREkfyf\obm0
ql;wacsmif;aygufvmcJUjyefavNyD/
taMumif;udk BuD;jyif;vmaomtcg rdciftm;
uREkfyfuajymjy&mwGif
rdcifrSm rsuf&nfrsm; 0dkif;vmonfhtxJrS &,farmvsuf
]]ighom;ES,f
rSwfrdvdkufwmygvm;uG,f? tarvJpdwf&IyfvGef;
vdkUa[h}}[kajymojzifh
uREkfyfuvnf; ]]uRefawmfutarhudkpdwfremygbl;?
avmuBuD;[mw,fNyD;
*Gusyguvm;vdkU pdwf&IyfrdwmygyJtar&JU}}[k
ajym&bl;avonf/
-
30
zcifa&mufvmjcif;
rEav;odkU uREkfyfwkdU om;trdokH;a,mufjyefa&muf
(rdcif\pum;
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