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ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATIONin accordance with ISO 14025, ISO 21930 and EN 15804
Owner of the declaration Norwegian Wood Industry Federation
Publisher The Norwegian EPD Foundation
Declaration number
Issue date
Valid to
Product
Owner of the declaration
Ver. 2:2014
Sawn dried timber of spruce or pine
Norwegian Wood Industry Federation
epd-norge logo
Photo: Per Skogstad (Treteknisk)
NEPD-307-179-EN Sawn dried timber of spruce or pine, Treindustrien
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NEPD-307-179-EN
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09.03.2015
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General information
Product Owner of the declaration
Norwegian Wood Industry Federation
Contact person:
Phone:
e-mail:
Program holder Manufacturer
Phone:
e-mail: [email protected]
Declaration number: Place of production:
Management system:
CEN Standard EN 15804 serve as core PCR
Declared unit: Org. No:
Declared unit with option: Issue date
Functional unit: Valid to
The EPD has been worked out by:
Lars G. F. Tellnes
Norwegian Institute of Wood Technology
Year of study:
Verification:
Declared unit:
kg CO2 -eqv
† Includes sequestration of 715 kg carbon dioxide during wood growth
*
*****
Unit
(Manager EPD-Norway)
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Catherine Grini, M.Sc.
40,01
-
Cradle to gateKey environmental indicators
The declaration is valid for the members of Norwegian
Wood Industry Federation, for updated members list:
Sawn dried timber of spruce or pine
Production of 1 m3 sawn dried timber of spruce or pine
Share of renewable materials
Production of 1 m3 sawn dried timber of spruce or pine
The product contains no substances from the REACH Candidate list or the Norwegian priority list
This declaration is based on Product Category Rules:
externally
NPCR015 rev.1 (2013/08)
Post Box 5250 Majorstuen, 0303 Oslo
Global warming
Energy use
(Independent verifier approved by EPD Norway)
internally
http://www.treindustrien.no/
Most producers have chain-of-custody certification for
sustainable forestry according to PEFC ST 2002:2010.
Updated list available at: www.pefcregs.info
2,37
Comparability:
77
The Norwegian EPD Foundation
%
%
*****
*
Share of renewable energy used
A1 - A3
-672†
Norway
980 308 952
1 m3 sawn dried timber of spruce or pine produced and
waste managed
EPD of construction products may not be comparable if they
do not comply with EN 15804 and are seen in a building
context.
Independent verification of data, other environmental
information and EPD has been carried out in accordance
with ISO14025, 8.1.3 and 8.1.4
2955
Approved
99,89
2014
MJ
Transport
Dangerous substances
Transport from production site to central warehouse in Norway
2/7 NEPD-307-179-EN Sawn dried timber of spruce or pine, Treindustrien
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Espen Tuveng
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+47 97 68 07 20
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ProductTechnical data:
Product specification Market:
Reference service life:
Materials
Sawn dried timber
Plastic packaging
Total
LCA: Calculation rulesDeclared unit with option: System boundary:
Data quality: Cut-off criteria:
Allocation: Calculation of biogenic carbon content:
Product description:
The product is a raw materials and therefore reference
service life is excluded.
kg %
450
Norway
Strength graded structural timber is produced according to
NS-EN 14081-1:2005+A1:2011. Many of the members of
Norwegian Wood Industry Federation are part of the
Norwegian Stress Grading Inspection Scheme which is a
voluntary scheme. This includes inspection to ensure that
the grading of timber are according to NS-INSTA 142 and
NS-EN 14081-4.
Sawn dried timber of spruce have an average basic density
of 360 kg/m3 and pine about 420 kg/m
3. The moisture is
normaly about 12-18% relative to dry weight.
Sawn dried timber is produced by members of Norwegian
Wood Industry Federation for use as raw material in planned
wood. The raw material used in production is Nordic logs. The
sawn dried timber is often planed at the same site, but are also
sold to other planing mills.
0,11
100
Flow chart for the production (A3) of sawn dried timber is
shown below, while the rest of the modules are shown on
page 5. Modul D is calculated with energy substitution and
is further explained in the scenarios section.
450,50
1 m3 sawn dried timber of spruce or pine produced and
waste managed
In the LCA calculations a average basic density of 390 kg/m3
and a moisture content of 15% have been used. This is a
simple average and gives an density of approx. 450 kg/m3.
There is a large natural variation of wood density.
Data for the production of planed wood is collected from a
representative selection of member companies and weighted to
an average. These data represents 2013 and includes volume
balances, economic allocation, transport distances, energy use
and packaging. Otherwise generic data is collected from
Ecoinvent v2.2 (2010) and ELCD 3.0 (2013).
99,89
Sequestration and emissions of biogenic carbon is
calculated according to EN16485:2014. This approach is
based on the modularity principle in EN15804:2012 that
states that all environmental aspects and impacts are
declared in the life cycle where they appear. The amount of
carbon dioxide is calculated according to NS-EN
16449:2014 with an average basic density of 390 kg/m3 for
spruce and pine, the carbon content calculated to carbon
dioxide is 715 kg CO2 per m3.
All major raw materials and all the essential energy is
included. The production process for raw materials and
energy flows that are included with very small amounts
(<1%) are not included. This cut-off rule does not apply for
hazardous materials and substances.
0,50
The allocation is performed according to the EN 15804:2012. In
the production chain of wood this is economic allocation since
the value of the by-products are relatively low. The economic
values are collected from Norwegian sawmills.
Log yard
and
debarking
Saw
house
Drying
and dry
sorting
Combustion of bark and chips for heat
3/7 NEPD-307-179-EN Sawn dried timber of spruce or pine, Treindustrien
Page 4
LCA: Scenarios and additional technical information
Transport to waste processing (C2)
Truck l/tkm
Truck l/tkm
Railway MJ/tkm
Boat l/tkm
Benefits and loads beyond the system boundaries (D) End of Life (C1, C3, C4)
Hazardous waste disposed
Collected as mixed construction waste
Reuse
Recycling
Energy recovery
Incineration without energy recovery
To landfill
kg
ValueUnit
450,0
kg
kg
kg
409,5
kg
Distance km
The following information describe the scenarios in the different modules of the EPD.
kg
MJ
Substitution of biofuel
50
The transport of wood waste is based on average distance in 2007 in Norway and is at 85 km. It is further estimated that
46% are further transported to Sweden for treatment. It is estimated that 67% of this is on truck, 9% by rail and 24% is by
boat, the transport distances to Sweden were assumed.
0,05Lorry, 20-28t
Fuel/Energy
consumption
Value
(l/t)
Type
800
Capacity utilisation (incl. return)
%
85
Substitution of thermal energy
kg
9,0
400
0,011
Freight train
31,5
0,239
Substitution of electric energy
71
Unit Value
kg
MJ
106
507
1788
75 Lorry, >32t
Type of vehicle
Sawn dried timber is a raw material for further planing, the waste scenario used is therefore the average for mixed wood waste.
200 0,026
Barge
Benefits beyond the life cycle is calculated on the
exported energy and the substitution of conventional
energy production and fuels. For the share recovered in
Norway, this is substitution of Norwegian el-mix, district
heating mix and different types of industrial fuels. For the
share exported to Sweden generic data from ELCD 3.0
is used.
Sawn dried timber can be sorted as clean or mixed
wood waste. The scenario for further treatment is based
on the Norwegian waste accounts in 2011. It is
assumed that energy recovery, incineration and landfill
are relevant for the wood.
4/7 NEPD-307-179-EN Sawn dried timber of spruce or pine, Treindustrien
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LCA: Results
System boundaries (X=included, MND=module not declared, MNR=module not relevant)
Environmental impact
Resource use
7,47E+00
INA
1,55E+01
9,03E+01
INA
RSF
7,41E+03
9,68E+03
6,85E+02
INA
6,85E+02
INA
INA
INA
1,58E+02
INA
INA
D
Dis
posal
Reuse-R
ecovery
-
Recyclin
g-p
ote
ntial
D
D
C2
-2,41E+03
INA
-5,65E-02
X
C3
-4,06E+02
-1,54E-05
-5,15E-02
-1,81E+02
Tra
nsport
EP
ADPM
kg CFC11-eqv
kg C2H4 -eqv
kg SO2 -eqv
kg PO43-
-eqv
kg Sb-eqv
Repla
cem
ent
Tra
nsport
Repair
Product stage
2,71E-05
C4
Waste
pro
cessin
g
Raw
mate
rials
Use
Manufa
ctu
ring
GWP Global warming potential; ODP Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; POCP Formation potential of tropospheric
photochemical oxidants; AP Acidification potential of land and water; EP Eutrophication potential; ADPM Abiotic depletion potential for non
fossil resources; ADPE Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources
6,65E-08
0,00E+00
2,65E+00
7,52E-02
A1-A3
1,45E-02
3,39E-01
4,17E-042,14E-03
7,38E-03
2,03E-02
1,82E+02
-6,74E+03
6,09E-07
INA
1,63E+01
INA
INA
1,92E+02
INA
-3,95E+02
9,03E+01
1,92E+02
kg
INA
8,15E-01
INA
X
0,00E+00
-2,91E+03
-2,41E+03
-3,05E-05
-1,04E+00
X XMND
INA
4,97E-07
INA
INA
2,02E-03
7,26E+00
C3 C4
6,35E+03
6,53E+011,25E+01
1,90E-06
4,05E-03
2,56E-02
6,72E-02
2,65E+00
INA
-2,60E+02
INA
-2,91E+03
RPEE Renewable primary energy resources used as energy carrier; RPEM Renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials;
TPE Total use of renewable primary energy resources; NRPE Non renewable primary energy resources used as energy carrier; NRPM Non
renewable primary energy resources used as materials; TRPE Total use of non renewable primary energy resources; SM Use of secondary
materials; RSF Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF Use of non renewable secondary fuels; W Use of net fresh water
4,88E+02
NRSF
MJ
MJ
SM
2,27E+03
ADPE
Parameter Unit
RPEE MJ
RPEM
TPE
NRPE
NRPM
TRPE
MJ
MJ
MJ
MJ
MJ
1,02E-01
C2
A3
-6,72E+02
C3
MJ
-5,19E+02
-3,05E+01
7,47E+00
m3
A2
X
POCP
AP
6,23E+02
9,48E-05 5,49E-06
8,54E+01
W
B2A4
The results for global warming in A1-A3 gives large contribution of the sequestration of 715 kg carbon dioxide during wood
growth, while the same amount gives an large contribution when emitted during waste treatment in C3 and C4.
B7O
pera
tional energ
y u
se
Tra
nsport
De-c
onstr
uction
dem
olit
ion
C1 C4A5
Beyond the
system
boundaries
Constr
uction insta
llation
sta
ge
MND MND
B6
MND
Refu
rbis
hm
ent
B5B4
MND
Main
tenance
A1
X
A1-A3
5,51E-06
B1
X
Use stage
Opera
tional w
ate
r use
MND MNR
B3
MND
Parameter
ODP
GWP
C2
6,57E+02
Unit
kg CO2 -eqv
MNRMND
Construction
installation stage
The uncertainty of the results are estimated to be approx. 10-20 % in relative standard deviation of GWP, POCP, AP, EP
and ADPE, while ODP have approx. 25 % and ADPM approx. 40 %. The high uncertainties of the ODP and ADPM are
caused by high uncertainties of database data. The difference between production sites are not found to have a large
influence on the uncertainty of the results.
End of life stage
5/7 NEPD-307-179-EN Sawn dried timber of spruce or pine, Treindustrien
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End of life - Waste
End of life - Output flow
INA = Indicator not assessed
Reading example: 9,0 E-03 = 9,0*10-3
= 0,009
Additional Norwegian requirements
Electricity
kg CO2 - eqv/MJ
Dangerous substances
Name CAS no. Amount
Transport
Transport from production site to central warehouse in Norway is:
Indoor environment
Not testet. It is normal to regard untreated wood as safe for the indoor environment
Carbon footprint
Carbon footprint has not been worked out for the product.
C4
kg
kg
A1-A3
kg
kg
NHW
MR
CR
Nowegian consumption mix at medium voltage is used at the production site and is calculated based on the average for 2008-
2010, but also adjusted to be the same as emission factors published by EPD-Norge.
INA
RW
C3
1,28E+00
C2
1,88E+00
C3A1-A3
INA
MER
2,50E-02
5,07E+02
9,91E-04kg
Unit
C4
3,87E-03
7,69E-06
INA
4,18E+00
2,00E-04
C2
INA
INA
-7,19E+00
D
-3,82E-02
-9,01E-04
D
INA
1,72E-04
0,012
INA
INA
1,06E+02
HW Hazardous waste disposed; NHW Non hazardous waste disposed; RW Radioactive waste disposed
EEE
ETEINAINA
INA
INA
INA
Unit
kg
INA
Parameter
MJ
MJ
50
-1,79E+03
None of the following substances have been added to the product: Substances on the REACH Candidate list of substances of
very high concern or substances (of 16.10.2014) on the Norwegian Priority list (of 11.11.2013) or substances that lead to the
product being classified as hazardous waste. The chemical content of the product complies with regulatory levels as given in the
Norwegian Product Regulations.
km
The scenario of transport from production site is not realistic, but is calculated as a requirement from EPD-Norge.
Greenhouse gas emissions:
9,31E+00
1,32E-01
8,70E+00
HW
Parameter
INAINA
INA
-5,07E+02
CR Components for reuse; MR Materials for recycling; MER Materials for energy recovery; EEE Exported electric energy; ETE Exported
thermal energy
INA
INA1,79E+03
-1,06E+02
6/7 NEPD-307-179-EN Sawn dried timber of spruce or pine, Treindustrien
Page 7
Bibliography
Tellnes, L.G.F.
NPCR015 rev1 08/2013 Product category rules for wood and wood-based materials for use in construction
ELCD 3.0 European reference Life-Cycle Database. Http://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
NS-EN 16449:2014
NS-EN 16485:2014
NS-EN 14081-1:2005
Program holder and publisher Phone:
The Norwegian EPD Foundation
Post Box 5250 Majorstuen, 0303 Oslo e-mail: [email protected]
Norway web www.epd-norge.noOwner of the declaration Phone: +47 976 02 543
Norwegian Wood Industry Federation Fax -
P.O Box 5487 Majorstuen N-0305 Oslo e-mail: [email protected]
Norway web www.treindustrien.noAuthor of the Life Cycle Assessment Phone: +47 98 85 33 33
Lars G. F. Tellnes Fax -
P.O. Box 113 Blindern, N-0314 Oslo e-mail: [email protected]
Norway web www.treteknisk.no
Timber structures - Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section - Part 1:
General requirements
ISO 21930:2007
epd-norge logo
Round and sawn timber - Environmental Product Declarations - Product category rules for wood
and wood-based products for use in construction
Environmental labels and declarations - Type III environmental declarations - Principles and
procedures
Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines
Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declaration - Core rules for the
product category of construction products
Sustainability in building construction - Environmental declaration of building products
EN 15804:2012
ISO 14025:2006
ISO 14044:2006
LCA-report for Norwegian Wood Industries Association. Report nr. 380034-1 from Norwegian
Institute of Wood technology, Oslo, Norway.
Ecoinvent v2.2 Swiss Centre of Life Cycle Inventories. www.ecoinvent.ch
Wood and wood-based products - Calculation of the biogenic carbon content of wood and
conversion to carbon dioxide
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