INDUSTRIALTRAINING Department of Structural Engineering, VTU PG Studies, Mysore Page 1 1. INTRODUCTION: The basic objectives of “The Industrial training”, planned as part of the curriculum for 3 rd semester MTech. (Structural Engineering), VTU PG Studies Mysuru, are to understand the working flowchart of a design industry and to bridge the gap between the academic area and the Industrial sectors for the structural design. In this regard, we had an opportunity to work with “UNICO ASSOCIATES”, NO.490, SVP Nagar, Mysore, 570028. In a period of 8 weeks our objectives were to get acquaint with the working nature of a Structural Design Industry and to get ourselves familiarized with the various processes involved in executing a typical structural design for the project work. The entire structural consultancy cell can be broadly divided into four divisions: Designing, Drafting, Project working and Project execution coordination. This project report work aims at systematically summarizing the various processes undergone in accomplishing a typical structural design project. At the outset we were exposed to various codes and design standards that form the basis for the structural design work in our country. We went through the special publications of the Bureau of Indian Standards and other specialized literatures related to structural design. We were also encouraged to review the various analyses and design aids in the form of software’s, which are the widely used tools in a structural design industry. At the same time, due importance was lied at reviewing the conceptual principals of structural analysis and design. Any construction project, in general, begins with the wish of the builder or the client to build a building and architecture who gives a form to the needs of the builder. The role of a structural engineer is to configure the building for the requirements so that the structure serves the intended function with structural safety and stability at a minimum possible cost. The contractor then takes over the execution of the project. 1.1 ENGINEERING STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURALDESIGN: An engineering structure consists of members or elements transferring the load (or resisting external actions) and providing a form, space, enclosure and/or a cover to serve the desired function. The structural design is a science and art of designing a structure with economy and elegance. A durable structure is one, which can safely carry the forces and can serve the desired function satisfactorily during its service life.
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INDUSTRIALTRAINING
Department of Structural Engineering, VTU PG Studies, Mysore Page 1
1. INTRODUCTION:
The basic objectives of “The Industrial training”, planned as part of the curriculum
for 3rd
semester MTech. (Structural Engineering), VTU PG Studies Mysuru, are to
understand the working flowchart of a design industry and to bridge the gap between
the academic area and the Industrial sectors for the structural design. In this regard,
we had an opportunity to work with “UNICO ASSOCIATES”, NO.490, SVP Nagar,
Mysore, 570028. In a period of 8 weeks our objectives were to get acquaint with the
working nature of a Structural Design Industry and to get ourselves familiarized with
the various processes involved in executing a typical structural design for the project
work.
The entire structural consultancy cell can be broadly divided into four divisions:
Designing, Drafting, Project working and Project execution coordination. This project
report work aims at systematically summarizing the various processes undergone in
accomplishing a typical structural design project.
At the outset we were exposed to various codes and design standards that form the
basis for the structural design work in our country. We went through the special
publications of the Bureau of Indian Standards and other specialized literatures related
to structural design. We were also encouraged to review the various analyses and
design aids in the form of software’s, which are the widely used tools in a structural
design industry. At the same time, due importance was lied at reviewing the
conceptual principals of structural analysis and design.
Any construction project, in general, begins with the wish of the builder or the client
to build a building and architecture who gives a form to the needs of the builder. The
role of a structural engineer is to configure the building for the requirements so that
the structure serves the intended function with structural safety and stability at a
minimum possible cost. The contractor then takes over the execution of the project.
1.1 ENGINEERING STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURALDESIGN:
An engineering structure consists of members or elements transferring the load (or
resisting external actions) and providing a form, space, enclosure and/or a cover to
serve the desired function. The structural design is a science and art of designing a
structure with economy and elegance. A durable structure is one, which can safely
carry the forces and can serve the desired function satisfactorily during its service life.
INDUSTRIALTRAINING
Department of Structural Engineering, VTU PG Studies, Mysore Page 2
The objective of structural design is to plan a structure, which meets all the basic
requirements of structural design which are given as follows:
Serviceability
Safety
Durability
Economy
Aesthetic beauty
Feasibility, practicability and acceptability.
1.2 BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF STRUCTURALDESIGN:
A creative sense, imagination, understanding and keen observation of structures in
nature, scientific knowledge of various aspects of structures, understanding of the
various structural phenomenon on basis of statistical and experimental data, and
finally, the backing of vast experience from the past, are some of the qualities
required for a structural engineer.
1.3 DESIGN PROCEDURE:
The process of structural design consists of the following phases:
Phase - I: This stage involves the determination of the following:
Type of structure (like RCC /STEEL)
Form of structure (like slab-beam, grid or shell)
Geometry and layout, which include determination of positioning
of Columns, beams and slab.
INDUSTRIALTRAINING
Department of Structural Engineering, VTU PG Studies, Mysore Page 3
Type of material, particularly grades of steel and concrete, method
of construction like R.C.C, Steel, P.S.C, Cast-in-situ, Pre-casted.
Phase – II: This stage involves gathering the necessary information from the client
which is as follows:
Function of the structure
Resources available
Importance of the structure and aesthetic requirements
Expected lifespan
Probability of extension in future
Relative weightage between time, economy, resources and soon.
Phase – III: This stage involves the analysis of the structure for the determination of
internal design forces (like bending moment, shear force, torsion, axial tension) in the
members and behavior of structures under the action of these forces.
Phase – IV: This stage involves the determination of sizes of members, amount and
detailing of reinforcement for resisting the design force. This stage forms the core and
substance of design.
Phase – V: This stage involves preparation of working drawings, giving sizes of the
members, detailing of the reinforcements, preparing bar bending schedules and
schedule of quantities giving specifications on material and special instruction, if any.
1.4 ABOUT THE TRAINING
The training was carried out for a period of eight weeks from 26th
July 2015 to
14th
October 2015 at “UNICO ASSOCIATES”, Mysuru. In this period, we went
through the various Indian Standard codes of practice and underwent training in the
use of manual design and software packages like “ETABS and SAFE.”
INDUSTRIALTRAINING
Department of Structural Engineering, VTU PG Studies, Mysore Page 4
2. UNICO ASSOCIATES PROFILE
UNICO ASSOCIATES is a Structural Engineering Consultancy firm Started in the year
2013. The Firm has designed the structures with due support of architectural,
structural, consultancy since 2 years. The Firm has Credit of giving Total consultancy
from beginning to completion of a project.
The Firm had also extended its structural design services to Contractors, Builders in
completing Residential.
COMPANY SERVICES
Architecture
Interior Design
Civil Engineering
Project Consultancy
Structural design
INDUSTRIALTRAINING
Department of Structural Engineering, VTU PG Studies, Mysore Page 5
3. PROJECT
3.1 ABOUT THE PROJECT
Nature of the project : 30’x40’ site Residential Building.
Location Mysuru, Karnataka
Structural Consultants : UNICO ASSOCIATES
DRAWINGS:
Architectural drawings of
Ground Floor Plan.
First Floor Plan.
Terrace Floor Plan.
4. WORK ASSIGNED Plan and Detailing in AUTO CAD Software
30’x40 Site planned as per Municipal Bye-law.
30’x40’ plan Designed as IS CODES.
5. WORK COMPLETED: Planning in AUTO CAD.
Analysis in ETABS
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Department of Structural Engineering, VTU PG Studies, Mysore Page 6
a) Ground Floor Plan b) First Floor Plan
Fig 1: Autocad Plan
Fig 2: ETABS 3D- Modelling
INDUSTRIALTRAINING
Department of Structural Engineering, VTU PG Studies, Mysore Page 7
6. PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS: 1) Beam size
Primary beam = 0.2286mx0.3048m
2) Column size = 0.2286mx0.4572m
3) Slab thickness = 0.2m
4) Grade of concrete = M20
5) Grade of steel = Fe415
6) Height of floor = 3 m
Loads considered in the Design:
Dead load
• Wall load = (3-0.2-0.3048)*0.3048x20 =15.21KN/m
• Self weight of slab = 0.2x1x25 = 5 KN/m
• Floor finish = 1 KN/m
Live load
• Floor load = 2 KN/m
• Terrace load =1.5 KN/m
Load combinations (1.5(DL+LL))
INDUSTRIALTRAINING
Department of Structural Engineering, VTU PG Studies, Mysore Page 8
7. SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR FRAME ELEMENTS:
Table 1: Beam Forces
Story Beam Load
Case/Combo Station P V2 V3 T M2 M3
m kN kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m
Story3 B9 Dead 0.1143 -0.3978 -2.1491 -0.0861 0.6998 -0.026 -0.976
Story3 B9 Dead 0.5525 -0.3978 -1.3861 -0.0861 0.6998 0.0117 -0.2016
Story3 B9 Dead 0.9906 -0.3978 -0.6231 -0.0861 0.6998 0.0494 0.2386
Story3 B9 Dead 0.9906 0.2306 0.4437 0.0329 -0.3734 0.02 0.2221
Story3 B9 Dead 1.4288 0.2306 1.2067 0.0329 -0.3734 0.0056 -0.1395
Story3 B9 Dead 1.8669 0.2306 1.9697 0.0329 -0.3734 -0.0088 -0.8354
Story3 B9 Live 0.1143 -0.0923 -0.2196 -0.008 0.0246 -0.0042 -0.1746
Story3 B9 Live 0.5525 -0.0923 -0.2196 -0.008 0.0246 -0.0008 -0.0784
Story3 B9 Live 0.9906 -0.0923 -0.2196 -0.008 0.0246 0.0027 0.0178
Story3 B9 Live 0.9906 0.0243 -0.2452 -0.0049 -0.0436 -0.001 0.0219
Story3 B9 Live 1.4288 0.0243 -0.2452 -0.0049 -0.0436 0.0011 0.1293
Story3 B9 Live 1.8669 0.0243 -0.2452 -0.0049 -0.0436 0.0033 0.2368
Story3 B9 Super Dead 0.1143 -0.0526 -0.1714 -0.0087 0.1282 -0.0029 -0.1038
Story3 B9 Super Dead 0.5525 -0.0526 -0.1714 -0.0087 0.1282 0.0009 -0.0287
Story3 B9 Super Dead 0.9906 -0.0526 -0.1714 -0.0087 0.1282 0.0047 0.0464
Story3 B9 Super Dead 0.9906 0.0213 0.2524 0.0026 -0.0545 0.0017 0.042
Story3 B9 Super Dead 1.4288 0.0213 0.2524 0.0026 -0.0545 0.0005 -0.0686
Story3 B9 Super Dead 1.8669 0.0213 0.2524 0.0026 -0.0545 -0.0007 -0.1791