the meso- and submesoscale eddies in the Baltic and Black Seas Svetlana Karimova [email protected]M.Sc. in oceanography – Lomonosov Moscow State University Ph.D. student – Space Research Institute of RAS (IKI) Department of the Earth investigations from space Space Radar Laboratory
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Satellite observations of the meso- and submesoscale eddies in the Baltic and Black Seas Svetlana Karimova [email protected] M.Sc. in oceanography – Lomonosov.
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Satellite observations of the meso- and submesoscale
M.Sc. in oceanography – Lomonosov Moscow State University
Ph.D. student – Space Research Institute of RAS (IKI)
Department of the Earth investigations from space
Space Radar Laboratory
Research topics
Mesoscale and submesoscale eddies of the Black and Baltic Seas as seen by satellite radiometer and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data:
Ways of eddies visualization in satellite images Generic types Spatial and temporal parameters Areas of distribution Seasonal and interannual dynamics Influence on vertical water structure and
bioproductivity
2INTRODUCTION
Motivations• Mesoscale eddies:
– horizontal water transport– upwelling/downwelling– contamination dilute and water self-
cleaning– seawaters bioproductivity
• Submesoscale eddies:– reasons and mechanisms of generation– lifetime– depth– contribution to water transport and mixing
3INTRODUCTION
Areas of interest4INTRODUCTION
Baltic Sea
Black Sea
Baltic Sea
Black Sea
Satellite radiometer data
•MODIS Aqua, spatial resolution 1 km, time coverage 04.2006-12.2009, total number of images 1100 Water-leaving radiance 551 nm (WLR) Chlorophyll-а concentration (Chl-a) Sea surface temperature (SST)
•AVHRR NOAA/MetOp-2, SST, spatial resolution 1 км, time coverage 09.2004-12.2009, total number of images 4400
5MESOSCALE EDDIES: GENERAL INFORMATION
Image examples (20.06.2006) 6MESOSCALE EDDIES
MODIS WLR
MODIS SST
AVHRR SST
MODIS Chl-a
The Black Sea mesoscale eddies• The Rim Current meanders and rings• Quasistationary anticyclonic eddies• Near-shore anticyclonic eddies (NAEs)• Mushroom-like currents (eddy dipoles)• Eddies of the Anatolian Coast• Shear eddy chains
7MESOSCALE EDDIES: GENERAL INFORMATION
Mushroom-like currents 8
2008
interannual variability
Mushroom-like currents:
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Winter
Spring
Summer Autumn
10
Seasonal variability
Mushroom-like currents’ scale
Mushroom cap width (km)
Number
11MESOSCALE EDDIES: GENERAL INFORMATION
Eddy-induced chl-a transport12MESOSCALE EDDIES: INFLUENCE ON WATER STRUCTURE
MODIS WLR MODIS WLR 20.05.200920.05.2009
Eddy-induced chl-a productionAVHRR SST 5.08.
2008MODIS Chl-a 8.08.2008
13MESOSCALE EDDIES: INFLUENCE ON WATER STRUCTURE
Mushroom-like current
Cruise11-17.08.2004
MODIS Aqua Chl-a
14.08.2004
14MESOSCALE EDDIES: INFLUENCE ON WATER STRUCTURE
SeaWiFS Chl-a
Density section 1814-1825
15MESOSCALE EDDIES: INFLUENCE ON WATER STRUCTURE
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagesEnvisat ASAR and ERS-2 SAR. Spatial
resolution 12.5 or 75 m depending on image mode
Black Sea:• Since 1998• 2006-2008: 390 images (Russian part of the sea)• 2009: 315 imagesTotal: 875 images
Baltic Sea:• 2009: 336 images
16SUBMESOSCALE EDDIES
Spiral lines of natural films (“black eddies”). The Baltic
Sea
Envisat ASAR WSM, 25.04.2009, 09:09 GMT
17SUBMESOSCALE EDDIES
Spiral lines of natural films (“black eddies”).The Baltic Sea