satellite communication

Satellite Satellite CommunicationCommunication

Satellite Satellite CommunicationsCommunications

Sat.CommSat.Comm Satellite

Receive Antenna

Trans Antenna

lUplink Fu

Downlink Fd

Earth Station Earth Station

Satellite Satellite CommunicationsCommunications

BandBand Up-LINK Up-LINK (GHz)(GHz)

Down-Link Down-Link (GHz)(GHz)

C- BandC- Band

Ku-BandKu-Band

Ka- BandKa- Band

5.925 - 6.4255.925 - 6.425

14.00 - 14.5014.00 - 14.50

27.00 - 30.0027.00 - 30.00

3.7 - 4.23.7 - 4.2

10.70 - 11.7010.70 - 11.70

18.10 – 20.2018.10 – 20.20

Satellite Satellite CommunicationsCommunications Carrier Frequency : Carrier Frequency : 2.225 Ghz2.225 Ghz Frequency Band in EachFrequency Band in Each Direction: Direction: 500 Mhz500 Mhz No.of Sub-Bands: No.of Sub-Bands: 1212 B/W per Sub-Bands : B/W per Sub-Bands : 36Mhz36Mhz Guard Band :Guard Band : 4 MHz 4 MHz Each Sub-Band : Each Sub-Band : 1RF1RF BEACON Signal : 4.031 to 4.038 GHzBEACON Signal : 4.031 to 4.038 GHz Sat.Delay : 280 m.sec (one Sat.Delay : 280 m.sec (one

path)path)

Equipment in Equipment in Comm.satComm.sat

11) Payload) Payload : :

Transponder : Transmit, Receive antennasTransponder : Transmit, Receive antennas

other equipments other equipments

Receives signals, multiplex, demuliplex, Receives signals, multiplex, demuliplex, amplify and transmit.amplify and transmit.

2)Support Subsystems2)Support Subsystems : Power Supply, : Power Supply, Altitude, orbit control eqpt.Altitude, orbit control eqpt.

Telemetry, Telecommand systemsTelemetry, Telecommand systems

Orbits and Systems.Orbits and Systems.

Orbit is Path traversed by a Orbit is Path traversed by a satellite satellite

Satellite

Orbits and SystemsOrbits and Systems

LEO: Low Earth OrbitLEO: Low Earth Orbit: :

-- 0-2000 Kms-- 0-2000 Kms

-- Orbit Period : 90 min-- Orbit Period : 90 min

-- Short Round Trip Time (RTT)-- Short Round Trip Time (RTT)

-- Used for MSS: Mobile Sat. Series-- Used for MSS: Mobile Sat. Series

-- Life :5-7 Years-- Life :5-7 Years

Orbits and SystemsOrbits and Systems

MEO: Medium Earth OrbitMEO: Medium Earth Orbit

-- 2000-36000 Kms-- 2000-36000 Kms

-- Intermediate Circular Orbit-- Intermediate Circular Orbit

-- Use Low Power and Smaller -- Use Low Power and Smaller antenna than GEOantenna than GEO

-- --

Orbits and SystemsOrbits and Systems

GEO : Geo-Stationary OrbitGEO : Geo-Stationary Orbit

-- Above 36000 Kms -- Above 36000 Kms

-- The Orbit Path is called as Clarke -- The Orbit Path is called as Clarke BeltBelt

-- Latitude : Zero-- Latitude : Zero

-- Altitude : Constant-- Altitude : Constant

-- Covers 40% of Planet-- Covers 40% of Planet

-- Life :10-15 Years-- Life :10-15 Years

GEO SatelliteGEO Satellite

Rotate at same speed of earthRotate at same speed of earth Rotation Time: 23 Hrs,56 Min,4 Rotation Time: 23 Hrs,56 Min,4

SecSec

Called as Sidereal DayCalled as Sidereal Day Use for Telecom applicationsUse for Telecom applications Rotate in Equatorial PlaneRotate in Equatorial Plane Rotate Easterly..Rotate Easterly..

Earth Station Earth Station Main Earth StationMain Earth Station: : Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai and ShilongDelhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai and Shilong1)1) Diameter of Antenna: 11 Mtr Diameter of Antenna: 11 Mtr 2)2) Mounting: AzimuthMounting: Azimuth3)3) G/T Ratio (Figure of Merit) : 31.7 db/*k G/T Ratio (Figure of Merit) : 31.7 db/*k 4)4) LNA : Low Noise Amplifier in Central Hub LNA : Low Noise Amplifier in Central Hub G/T Ratio used to describe the capabilityG/T Ratio used to describe the capabilityOf an earth stn to receive a signal from Of an earth stn to receive a signal from

satellitesatellite1)1) G= Gain of Antenna at Receiving freq.G= Gain of Antenna at Receiving freq.2)2) T= Effective noise temperature of the T= Effective noise temperature of the

receiving system.receiving system.

Earth StationEarth Station

Primary Earth StationPrimary Earth Station: : Diameter of Antenna: 7.5 MtrDiameter of Antenna: 7.5 Mtr G/T Ratio: 25.7 db/kG/T Ratio: 25.7 db/k

Remote Earth Station:Remote Earth Station: Diameter of Antenna: 4.5 MtrDiameter of Antenna: 4.5 Mtr Mounting : X-Y Type Mounting : X-Y Type G/T Ratio :19.7 db/kG/T Ratio :19.7 db/k

Antenna and MountingAntenna and Mounting

Different Types of AntennasDifferent Types of Antennas Parrabolid Parrabolid Horn ReflectorHorn Reflector

Dual Reflecors AntennasDual Reflecors Antennas CassegrainCassegrain Gregorian Gregorian

Antenna and MountingAntenna and Mounting

Different types of Antenna MountingsDifferent types of Antenna Mountings

1) Azimuth Mounting1) Azimuth Mounting Primary (Azimuth) Axis:Vertical to Primary (Azimuth) Axis:Vertical to

GroundGround Secondary (Elevation) Axis: HorizontalSecondary (Elevation) Axis: Horizontal

2) X-Y Mounting2) X-Y Mounting Primary (Azimuth) Axis: Horizontal to Primary (Azimuth) Axis: Horizontal to

GroundGround Secondary (Elevation) Axis: VerticalSecondary (Elevation) Axis: Vertical

Antenna and MountingAntenna and Mounting

3) Polar Type3) Polar Type : Ha Axis: Parallal To : Ha Axis: Parallal To GndGnd

Dec Axis: Vertical To Dec Axis: Vertical To GndGnd

4) Tripod (for Small E/S):4) Tripod (for Small E/S):

Three Legs, One leg is fixed and other Three Legs, One leg is fixed and other two legs are Variabletwo legs are Variable

E/S ConfigurationE/S Configuration

Antenns SubsystemsAntenns Subsystems

Low Noise AmplifiersLow Noise Amplifiers

Ground Communications and Ground Communications and Multiplex EquipmentsMultiplex Equipments

Station Control FacilitiesStation Control Facilities

INSAT INSAT

Indian National Sat.SystemIndian National Sat.System For Long Distance Comm.For Long Distance Comm. Metrological Earth ObservationsMetrological Earth Observations Nation Wide Sat.TV Broad CastingNation Wide Sat.TV Broad Casting Nation Wide Radio N/wNation Wide Radio N/w And Many More..And Many More..

INSAT (Telecomm)INSAT (Telecomm)

Long Distance Trunk RoutesLong Distance Trunk Routes Mobile Sat.Service :MSSMobile Sat.Service :MSS Remote Area Business Msg. N/w: Remote Area Business Msg. N/w:

RABMNRABMN High Speed VSAT n/w : HVNETHigh Speed VSAT n/w : HVNET Long Distance Telephone Service: LDSTLong Distance Telephone Service: LDST Remote and Rural area CommunicationRemote and Rural area Communication VSAT,IDR,DSPTVSAT,IDR,DSPT

INSAT SeriesINSAT Series

INSAT -1 Series INSAT -1 Series - INSAT 1AINSAT 1A- INSAT 1BINSAT 1B- INSAT 1CINSAT 1C- INSAT 1DINSAT 1D

2) INSAT -2 Series : 5 Sat2) INSAT -2 Series : 5 Sat

3)INSAT -3 Series : 5 Sat3)INSAT -3 Series : 5 Sat

4) INSAT -4 Series : 5 Sat only for comm.4) INSAT -4 Series : 5 Sat only for comm.

VSATVSAT

VSAT : Very small aperture TerminalVSAT : Very small aperture Terminal Ku Band VAST offers value added Ku Band VAST offers value added

satellite based services likesatellite based services like Internet,LAN,Voice,faxInternet,LAN,Voice,fax Use for Geographically Dispersed Use for Geographically Dispersed

Locations,Where no other services Locations,Where no other services availableavailable

Poweful Private comm.solutionsPoweful Private comm.solutions

VSATVSAT

Uplink Frq: 14.437 GhzUplink Frq: 14.437 Ghz Down-Link: 11.637 GhzDown-Link: 11.637 Ghz Dish Diameter :1.2-1.8 MtrDish Diameter :1.2-1.8 Mtr Act Like Small Earth StationAct Like Small Earth Station TDMA,DAMA,SCPC/MCPC TDMA,DAMA,SCPC/MCPC Star or Mesh TopologyStar or Mesh Topology HUB earth Station at BangloreHUB earth Station at Banglore

DSPTDSPT

Digital Satellite Phone TerminalDigital Satellite Phone Terminal DSPT using VSAT Network DSPT using VSAT Network

provides PSTN connectivity to rural provides PSTN connectivity to rural area,remote,inaccessible area and area,remote,inaccessible area and hilly area via INSAThilly area via INSAT

Hub Station at Sikandarabad (A.P)Hub Station at Sikandarabad (A.P) Mostly for North, North East,and Mostly for North, North East,and

East RegionEast Region

DSPTDSPT

Up-Link: 13.75- 14.5 GhzUp-Link: 13.75- 14.5 Ghz Down-Link: 10.7- 12.75 GhzDown-Link: 10.7- 12.75 Ghz

IDRIDR

IDR: Intermediate Data Rate sat serviceIDR: Intermediate Data Rate sat service It gives Digital Sat. connectivity to It gives Digital Sat. connectivity to

different exchanges.different exchanges. C-Band IDR : 2 Mbps,8Mbps connetivityC-Band IDR : 2 Mbps,8Mbps connetivity Ku- Band IDR : To connect TAX Ku- Band IDR : To connect TAX

exchanges using SAT. on INSAT-2Cexchanges using SAT. on INSAT-2C Small AntennaSmall Antenna No interference with M/WNo interference with M/W

IDRIDR

Data Service Data Service Voice and Non-Voice CircuitsVoice and Non-Voice Circuits Not Beyond 140 MbpsNot Beyond 140 Mbps On ISDN or PSTN: On ISDN or PSTN: --- --- 64 kbps to 44.736 Mbps64 kbps to 44.736 MbpsModulation: QPSKModulation: QPSKAntenna(Remote) : 4.5 Mtr for 2MbpsAntenna(Remote) : 4.5 Mtr for 2Mbps 7.0 Mtr for 8 Mbps7.0 Mtr for 8 MbpsAntenna (HUB) : 11/7 Mtr Antenna (HUB) : 11/7 Mtr

HVNET,RABMNHVNET,RABMN

HVNET: High speed VSATHVNET: High speed VSAT Data Rate Upto 128 Kbps..Data Rate Upto 128 Kbps.. NOC at MumbaiNOC at Mumbai Thaicom-3 sat.Thaicom-3 sat. VSAT antenna dia: 2.4 Mtr VSAT antenna dia: 2.4 Mtr

RABMNRABMN

Remote Area Business Msg N/WRemote Area Business Msg N/W Packet switch data nw using spread Packet switch data nw using spread

spectrum tech.spectrum tech. For Remote AreaFor Remote Area INSAT-2BINSAT-2B Does not support Voice facilityDoes not support Voice facility HUB at Sikandarbad..HUB at Sikandarbad.. Antenna dia: 1.2 to 1.8 MtrAntenna dia: 1.2 to 1.8 Mtr