Satellite Cognitive Communications and Spectrum Regulation Symeon Chatzinotas In collaboration with Shree Krishna Sharma, Bjorn Ottersten SnT, University of Luxembourg Workshop on "International Regulations of Space Communications", Luxembourg, 25 May 2012 1/23
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Satellite Cognitive Communications and Spectrum Regulation · Possible Frequency Bands Frequency Band Link Freq Range (GHz) Primary Secondary System Type S Uplink 2.17-2.20 Sat/Terr
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Satellite Cognitive Communications and Spectrum Regulation
Symeon Chatzinotas In collaboration with
Shree Krishna Sharma, Bjorn Ottersten
SnT, University of Luxembourg
Workshop on "International Regulations of Space Communications",
• Global perspective: The spectrum usage efficiency is maximized.
• For Industry: The market can be revitalized by the advent of a new CR user and network equipment.
• For Operators: The operators can create new revenue streams from secondary trading as well as improve the utilization of the spectrum resource that they already own.
• For Consumers: Lower cost personalized and optimized mobile and broadband data service.
11/23
Challenges in Cognitive Satcoms
• Business Challenges – No cooperation between satellite and terrestrial operators
• National / International operation
– Manufacturers hesitate incorporating Satellite receivers to Terrestrial terminals • Unsure for business models, slow standardization
– Lack of standards for spectrum trading • First steps towards databases and spectrum stock market in terrestrial
• IEEE 1900.1: Standard Definitions and Concepts for Spectrum Management and Advanced Radio System Technologies
• IEEE 1900.2: Recommended Practice for Interference and Coexistence Analysis
• IEEE 1900.3: Standard for Assessing the Spectrum Access Behavior of Radio Systems Employing Dynamic Spectrum Access Methods
• IEEE 1900.4: Standard for Architectural building blocks enabling network-device distributed decision making for optimized radio resource usage in heterogeneous wireless access Networks
• IEEE 1900.4a: Standard for Architectural Building Blocks Enabling Network-Device Distributed Decision Making for Optimized Radio Resource Usage in Heterogeneous Wireless Access Networks
• IEEE 1900.4.1: Standard for Interfaces and Protocols Enabling Distributed Decision Making for Optimized Radio Resource Usage in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks
• IEEE 1900.5: Standard on Policy Language and Policy Architectures
• IEEE 1900.6: Standard on interfaces and data structures for exchanging spectrum sensing information
13/23
Need of Spectrum Regulation
• Radio frequency spectrum
– is a limited natural resource
– does not respect international geographical boundaries
– is not consumed upon it’s usage unlike other natural resources
– is can be wasted if it is not used optimally and efficiently
• Tragedy of Commons:
– spectrum congestion due to insufficient regulation
• Tragedy of Anticommons:
– inefficient spectrum utilization due to restrictive regulation
• Fragile balance! Flexibility needed!
14/23
International Regulatory Framework
Levels Responsible Bodies Main Tasks
Global ITU Recommendation Reports Radio Regulations
• Short/medium term change of usage-rights (and duties) but requiring a total transfer of rights and duties.
• Short term spectrum leasing based on traffic variations, whereby the rights and duties may still remain with the main usage rights holders.
• Spectrum trading, whereby the rights and duties also may still remain with the main usage rights holders.
• Spectrum pooling, occurring as “pure pooling’’ as well as “hybrid pooling’’ (i.e. fixed bands plus shared pool) : A real challenge for regulators to assign ownership
16/23
Regulation Issues for CR
• Change in ownership:
– Temporal short term change of usage right is possible. Time-consuming administrative process
– Regarding spectrum leasing and trading, no implications since original licensee is liable for any interference/misuse.
– No clear assignment of ownership can be done for spectrum pooling.
• Change in Technology
– Most licenses define a mask in which transmission signal must remain
– Any transmission characteristics are permitted as long as the mask criteria are not violated
• Prominent technique
– Spectrum databases and trading • TVWS: US driven, EU only 7 member states
– Major ICT companies have been involved
– Coordination through Cognitive Pilot Channel
17/23
CR in ITU-R
• RESOLUTION 956 (WRC-07):
– Regulatory measures and their relevance to enable the introduction of software-defined radio and cognitive radio systems
• WRC -12 : Agenda Item No. 1.19
– To consider regulatory measures and their relevance, in order to enable the introduction of software-defined radio and cognitive radio system, based on the result of ITU-R studies, in accordance with Resolution 956 (WRC-07)
• Decision (WRC-12):
– SUPPRESSED (No further Study) considering that no „need for modification to Radio Regulations
18/23
WRC-12 decision for CR
• RECOMMENDATION COM6/1 (WRC-12):
– Deployment and use of cognitive radio systems (CRS)
• Recognizing
– that any radio system implementing CRS technology needs to operate in accordance with the provisions of the Radio Regulations,
– that the use of CRS does not exempt administrations from their obligations with regard to the protection of stations of other administrations operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations,
– that CRSs are expected to provide flexibility and improved efficiency to overall spectrum use.
• Recommends
– that administrations participate actively in the ITU-R studies conducted under Resolution ITU-R 58, taking into account recognizing first two points.
19/23
Challenges in Cognitive SatComs
• Regulatory Challenges
– Regulations to facilitate sharing/trading
– Regulations for conflict resolution
• Set EIRP and out-of band interference limits
– Dynamic access to government/military exclusive spectrum
• For secondary access
• Instant release if needed e.g. public safety scenarios
– Collaboration between national and international authorities
• Terrestrial spectrum at national level, satellite at international
– Agreement in ITU-R level
20/23
Example
• Ground interference : depends on elevation angle
• Elevation angle: varies with latitude
• Interference limits should vary across countries
21/23
Future Steps
• Interplay among technology, market, and policy
• Research:
– Analyze performance
– Provide and standardize technical solutions
• Industry:
– Define viable business models
– Manufacture equipment
• Regulators:
– Ensure flexible spectrum ownership is properly regulated
– Define interference temperature threshold levels
22/23
Current Projects
• CO2SAT – Cooperative and Cognitive Architecture for Satellite Networks
– Nationally funded
– Technical Research
• CoRaSat – Cognitive Radio for Satellite Communications
– EC funded (Call 8 under negotiation)
– Consortium: Manufacturers (TAS,NTC) , operators (SES), academia