SARIE Wind ESQ Report 07 April 2011 v01

7/26/2019 SARIE Wind ESQ Report 07 April 2011 v01

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SUPPORTING WIND POWESUPPORTING WIND POWESUPPORTING WIND POWESUPPORTING WIND POWERRRRTAKETAKETAKETAKE----OFF INOFF INOFF INOFF IN THETHETHETHESARI/ENERGY REGIONSARI/ENERGY REGIONSARI/ENERGY REGIONSARI/ENERGY REGION

Energy SecurityEnergy SecurityEnergy SecurityEnergy Security ReportReportReportReport

USAID South Asia Regional Initiative for Energy(USAID SARI/Energy)

Contract Number 386-C-00-07-00033-00; Task Order 2.8

April 7April 7April 7April 7, 2011, 2011, 2011, 2011

This publication was produced for review by the United States AgencyThis publication was produced for review by the United States AgencyThis publication was produced for review by the United States AgencyThis publication was produced for review by the United States Agencyfor International Development.for International Development.for International Development.for International Development. It was prepareIt was prepareIt was prepareIt was prepared by Tetra Tech.d by Tetra Tech.d by Tetra Tech.d by Tetra Tech.


2/138


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SUPPORTING WIND POWER TAKE-OFF IN THE SARI/ENERGY REGION

Energy Security Report

USAID South Asia Regional Initiative for Energy(USAID SARI/Energy)

Contract Number 386-C-00-07-00033-00; Task Order 2.8

April 7, 2011

Pa :

Pa b:

AD/

Aca Eba DLF Cb C

N D 110 021, INDIA B N. 9B, 11

FT: +911124198000 Ga 122 002, INDIA

.a. T: +91 124 473 7400

Fa: +91 124 473 7444

, .

4601 N Faa D

S 601

A, VA 22203, USA

T: + 1 703 3872100

.ac.c

Dca

T a bca ca c

U Sa Ac Iaa D U Sa

G.


4/138


5/138

S W P Ta SARI/E R

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

W 11,807 MW a (a , c) caac a b

Ia, cb a caac a SARI/E c

Paa, Baa, Aaa, Na, S Laa, Ba a Ma a 40 MW.

T ac a ab c a a ,

ac a b c acc c S Aa ac

c.

A Ia c 3,000 MW,

c cc a b c b a

a ac:

T c c

( c, a, c acc c aa a a

a)

I b

T aaab caa c

W a acc c a c c.

T E Sc R a

a c SARI/E c. I a cc b

USAID/SARI E a a a c c c a

, ab Ma, Na, Paa, a S Laa, a a ac

a. I a, USAID a a , S W P Ta

SARI/E R, Sb 2010 Cb, S Laa, c b

, , a a

c a ac.

1

1T a ca a b a a

a a a c. A aa c a

a aa a. Eac c a c a

aca a a a Aa D Ba

a. T ac a ac a c


6/138

S W P Ta SARI/E R

T a c a cca c a

a ac c , c

a a. I a a c a c

SARI aa a cca,

cca a c a a, b ac .

T c c ,

ac a c, a ca a a a c ( ca c a

a ac). T c cc a ac c

a c , b bac a acab a .

T a a b c a c, ac c

ca b a a c b a a b a. T c c c:

A SARI/E A c c cc A b aac a c a, c bac

caca aa

Bac b c a b c A cc , c cca a c

cc a

Saa c a cc aa

Tca aca

U Ca D Mca c .

T a aa a a cc a a c

a ac c.

c a a caac c a a c a a

c a.


7/138

S W P Ta SARI/E R

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

T c , a c aa, a

a a c c a a

c S Aa. T ca c. T a

Ia, c a 1990, b a a a 10,000

MW caac a b a a ac a a

. T c a Aa D Ba cc: Qa La

W P Aa: C, Ba a Obc, Maa J 2010. T

cc a c a c cc

a .

T a a c S. V. Sbaaa (Sca Ga), S Ma K. S

(Sca) a a Ia W E Aca (IWEA); a A Daa,

Aa Ja, Mca Ha, Maa Jaa, a W C (Ta Tc ENE). T

b b b Aa D Ba a, c

Ja Sa a S K, a a Pa Ja Ia W E, Ic.

T a a ac a ca a ac Ta Tc, Ic. a aca, M. A Ab, Vc P Cca

E, a , ca a a a cb

c.

Sca a Saa Paaaba, S A E USAID a Ra

Pa Dc USAID SARI/E Pc.

Fa, a b a M. Ba Naa B

Ta Tc a a cc S W P

Ta SARI/E R, c a Cb, S Laa, Sb 22 24,2010.


8/138

S W P Ta SARI/E R


9/138

S W P Ta SARI/E R

ACRONYMSADB Aa D Ba

AEDB Aa E D Ba (Paa)

AEP aa c

BOO ba

BPTA b a a

CDM Ca D Mca

CDM EB Ca D Mca Ec Ba

CFD caa ac

CER c c

CERC Ca Ecc Ra C Ia

CIGRE C Iaa Ga Ra Ec / Iaa Cc

La Ecc S

CO2 cab

CUF caac a ac

DANIDA Da Iaa D Ac

DFIG Db c a

DNV D N Va

DPR a c

DSCR b c ca a

EIA a ac a

EHV a a

EPC , c a cc

FIT a

GBI aba cGHG a

GZ (Deutsche) Gesellschaft fr Technische Zusammenarbeit; German Socieity

for Technical Cooperation

HV H Va

IEA Iaa E Ac

IEC Iaa Eccca C


10/138

S W P Ta SARI/E R

INR Ia R

IPP c c

IRR a a

JI a

V VW Wa

W a ; a a

LDC La ac c

LKR S Laa R

LVRT La

(, )

MEASBET Iaa N Ha a Rc

W E Ma

MIGA Maa I Gaa Ac ( W Ba)

MNRE M N a Rab E Ia

MV M Va

MW Ma Wa

NPV N a

O&M Oa a aac

OEM Oa aac

ONGC O a Naa Ga Ca Ia

NOC N bc cca

PCN Pc Cc N

PDD Pc D Dc

PERT Pc Eaa a R Tc

PLF a a ac

PMG Pa a a

PPA ca a

P, P50, c. Ecac bab

R&D ac a

RCEMH Ra C Ecc McH (Na)RE ab

REC Rab E Cca

ROE

RPS Rab P Saa

R Ia R, a a INR.

SARI/E S Aa Ra Ia E


11/138

S W P Ta SARI/E R

SCADA S C a Daa Ac

SIL ac a

SMB ca ca ba

SO2

S3

IDF SaSca Saab Iac D FSWOT S, a, , a a

TSO Ta a

TSP a c

TSU a

U a a WH

UNFCCC U Na Fa C Ca Ca

WAP W Aa Aa a Aca Pa

WEG cc a

WRA c a

WTG b a


12/138

S W P Ta SARI/E R


13/138

S W P Ta SARI/E R

CONTENTS

1. / 1

1.1 T Ca W E D S Aa / 1

1.2 T B W E D / 3

1.3 T F W E D / 4

1.4 R Oaa / 5

2. A/E C / 7

2.1 Ia Ba a D P / 7

2.2 Pc Sa a T / 9

2.3 Pc Ra Ma / 11

3. / 15

4. A / 19

4.1 Bac Caca D W P / 20

4.2 Ma Acca W S Ma / 21

4.3 Aaab Iac / 26

4.4 Cac a Ea Ca / 28

5. / / 31

5.1 W Tb Tc / 35

5.2 W Tb Sc / 355.3 S Sc / 36

5.4 C M / 36

5.5 Ca / 36

5.6 C, Oa a Maac / 35

5.7 Sc R Oa / 37

5.8 P a Pc Maac / 38

5.9 Ra M / 38


14/138

S W P Ta SARI/E R

5.10 T Ecc W P / 39

6. G / 43

6.1 Ta / 44

6.2 S Iac S / 466.3 Fc C / 47

6.4 Rac P Maa / 48

6.5 Hac a Va Fc / 49

6.6 Pc Sc / 49

6.7 M a Cca R / 49

6.8 S C a Daa Ac / 50

6.9 Baac a S C / 50

6.10 Ra R / 51

7. G C C / 55

7.1 C Sc / 55

7.2 Ga Paa a W Faca M / 56

8. F / 67

8.1 Fab R / 67

8.2 Da Pc R / 68

8.3 Pa B Dc / 69

8.4 Eaa B / 71

9. CD 73T CDM Pc Cc / 74

9.2 Ba / 75

9.3 W E a CDM / 75

9.4 C I / 76

9.5 Va E Rc: A Fab Aa / 78

9.6 CDM B Pacc / 79


15/138

S W P Ta SARI/E R

A

A. W Pc D Cc / 81

B. T SARI/E Pa / 99C. Ca S / 103D. Offshore Installations / 107

E. Sc Rc / 111

F. V Cac Ia / 115


16/138

S W P Ta SARI/E R


17/138

S W P Ta SARI/E R 1

Sc 1

INTRODUCTION

T E Sc R a

c a SARI E c. I a cc b USAID/SARI E

a a a c c c a , ab

Ma, Na, Paa, a S Laa, a a ac a. I a,

USAID a a S W P Ta SARI/E R

Sb 2010 Cb, S Laa,2c b c

a a a . T a a a a

a a .

T a a bc c a cca

c a a a ac c ,

c a a. I I a a c a

c SARI aa a cca,

cca a c a a, b a c .

1.1 T Ca W E D S Aa

W 11,807 MW a (c) caac a b

Ia, cb a caac a SARI/E c Paa,

Baa, Aaa, Na, S Laa, Ba a Ma a 40 MW. T ac

a ab c a a , ac

a b c acc c ac .

2T S Laa Saab E A (SEA) c a Aa D Ba

a, c 55 a , a , c

aa, NGO a c c SARI c.


18/138

S W P Ta SARI/E R 2

SARI/E c c a : a 3a ba

a ca ab c S Aa

a c a ba; a, a ab a ab a

c a4 C Ecc Ba (S Laa). T

a a c ca c a c ba.

T c SARI/E E Sc R a b 2009. I ca a b

aa a aa a c c

ab SARI/E c. T a a

aca a c . T c c

ac c c, a a, a

bac a cc . A a cc

a acab c a aaab, c a b

c a aca c a b c, a

a a b c a.

A cc c ca a c a a

ca a SARI/E c. W a

a a, Ia aa a cc a a a a

c a a a ca c .

T a c ca b c ( , b

aac a ab, , O&M c.) c a

(c aac a aa , a, a , c). A

aa cc 2005 b T C W P, WISE, P, a

a : ac, ac, aac,

ab a c, c a O&M.

T a a c c b a ac:

S b a ac a a c a aac

a

Aac aa a cca c aac a

cca ac ca aac a a acc

c a

W c caaca/ ac a aa ca a a , a a

Acc , ac MW a ab 5.7 c b a 22.9c b, b a O&M b a. T cc a

a aa c b ca a aa a aa

3Policy and Market Options to Increase Adoption of On-Grid Renewable Energy in SARI Countries, the report can be down loadedfrom the SARI/Energy website, http://www.sari-energy.org/PageFiles/EnergyLibrary/SariResources.asp.

4India Sri Lanka Submarine Cable Interconnection Project, Interconnection Reliability and Stability Study, October 12, 2010,

Chapter 12, Wind Penetration: Study of Frequency and Voltage Control Aspects; the report can be down loaded from theSARI/Energy website, http://www.sari-energy.org/PageFiles/EnergyLibrary/SariResources.asp.


19/138

S W P Ta SARI/E R 3

a a ab c, b a b

aac/ab ca a a a a aac.

I c a ab aca, bca a

a c ba a bc . T

a a ca a , b a c . F c a

a S Aa, c a b ca

:

Sa C C

?

G

Da

Rab E

W cc

Pc ca

Tc

Ca 1, 2, 3, 8, 10

Ac

P a Pc ac G c a cc

Pc

Ca 4, 5

P c W Rc a

Ic aca

Pc

La ac

W b

Faca

Pc aa

Ca 3, 4, 5,8, 9, 10

Ra c C a a c c/b

Ra a

Ca 5, 9

E S Ma acc

Ic aca

Ta Pc ca

Ca 1, 2

Ac

Pc S M

E a cc

C

Ca 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

T a c aa, a b acc a

ac ab bc a . I a, ccc a

aa b acc c aa a c

a ca.

1.2 T B W E D

W SARI/E c . F S Aa c a

a c c, a cc a a b a aa

, a . T c:


20/138

S W P Ta SARI/E R 4

. W c

ca c /a c, c ca cc .

. O, c a ca

a aa. T cc ca cc a

ac aa.

(C2) . F c a a b a

a, a cc c CO2 a

a.

(2) .SO2 a bc b ca

a . I a ac cca c a ca ca

ac a a a a. B ac a 20 MW a, a 20 MW

c ca c SO2 b 120 ac a.

. W a a a a a

c. E Wa a b a ab ca.

.Ab 5% a a b, a

acc a. E a , c a a a a, ca c ac.

Ca cc a a ba (..,

, , a aa) a a cc ( a).

1.3 T F W E D

T ca ba aca c a a

aa 2010 ( F 1). B ca c

a, .., Ca, Ia, N Aca. Gba c

a a c b a a a, ,

ab c a ca ca c a a ca

ca.


21/138

S W P Ta SARI/E R 5

F 1. A

T SARI/E ca . Ma

SARI/E c a ac

c c cc a

a c c

a c,

c ca aca

a a a a

c. I a,

c a b

ac c

c

(a Paa a S Laa a )

a c

a (a

Na a Baa a ).

1.4 R Oaa

T ba a b S Aa c a

c c c , a a a

c Ia a a. Pa a a b

c c a cca c a.

Eac c aa a a b a. Sc 2

a SARI/E . Sc 3 cb

c cc. Sc 4 a b aac a

c a, c bac caca aa . Sc 5

c b c a b c . Sc 6 a

cc a c cca a c cc

a. Sc 7 cb c a cc aa. Sc 8 cb

ca aca , a Sc 9 cb UN FCCC Ca

D Mca c . T a ca aa a

a cc a a c a ac

c.


22/138

S W P Ta SARI/E R 6


23/138

S W P Ta SARI/E R 7

Sc 2

STATUS OF WIND POWER IN

SARI/ENERGY COUNTRIES

A SARI/E c a a c

a. Ma a c a c (

c a) a a a a ac a ac c

a.

2.1 Ia Ba a D P

Ec Ia, c a a c, Paa

a S Laa a SARI/E c c b a a aac a c. Aaa, Ba, Na, Baa a Ma a

a cc c a a a a c

c .

Tab 1 2009 a caac a a ac

a.

A c S Aa ( Tab 2),

c cc a b c b a

a ac:

T c c

( c, a, c acc c aa a a

a)

I b

T aaab caa c


24/138

S W P Ta SARI/E R 8

W a acc a c a c

c .

Tab 1. 2009 Ia W P Caac a Pa

C W P Ia

(MW)

W P Pa

(MW)

Aaa U 1 15,8001

Baa 2 1,0002

Ba U 1 5423

Ia 11,807 48,561

Ma N/A N/A

Na U 2 448

Paa 6 15,2001

S Laa 33 20,00041F ca 7 (>8.5/) a, 2P c a 2020, 3Ma ca,4O

Sc: Ta Tc, Ic, 2010.

Tab 2. Ea S Aa W Pc P (MW)

C

Naa

Ta

Pc

Ac

D

Ia

Aac

D

U

Cc C

Aaa NA 0 0 0 0 0.7Baa NA 23 0 0 0 0

Ba NA 10 50 0 0 0

Ma NA 50 50 0 0 0

Na NA 23 5 0 0 0.3

Paa 5,000 4,850 900 150 50 6

S Laa 34 120 80 43 20 33

Ia* 10,500 3,800 850 600 NA 11,807

C 11

Pa a a c ac a Ia Rab E D Ac,

J 2010 (c Ia a ca a aa ac bc a).Sc: Ia W E Aca a Ta Tc a, 2010.


25/138

S W P Ta SARI/E R 9

2.2 Pc Sa a T

W a ca cc, a ca ca a a

a. T aca c aa c cc

c, a cc a a . B c a

SARI/E c, c c, a

. G cc a a c a a c

aac a a b, ab a

SARI/E .

I Baa, ab a a b b a/ a,

c ac a a b . T

Rab E Pc 2008 c a a ab c,

b a a ca a

. F, a ca aa b b

. Va a a b cc b Baa PD Ba a a a caa . Ba

, c 80 W a 400 W a b .

I Ma, cc a a 17 US c/W a c c

a 58 US c/W aa a a cca c (c: STELCO).

T c ca, c ca a a c a a 5 US c

a. F, a a a Ma a c, a

a a ca c c, c 100%

. T a bc a a

caba c b 2020. T cc c ac a (a)

cc a (b) ab ba b bca

c.

I Paa, c a a ab a

aca. I Ma 2003, ac a a a a 10% ab

(a 2,700 MW) c b 2015. Paa Aa E

D Ba (AEDB) a a c c 50 MW ac a

a cc a a c (IPP) c

NEPRA ( a) a ac a b 10 a 13 US c/W (c: AEDB).

Ta, a a a ca a

a a, a aca c c b 2010.H, a a Ra P Pa

Pa, c a a a a c aa cc a aa

3,000 MW, c c b 13 a 22 US c/W (c: Aa D

Ba, ADB).


26/138

S W P Ta SARI/E R 10

S Laa , c ca a c ca a ca , aa

b aac, 67 c. A c a

ac 1999 a caac 3 MW b. T 10

MW a a a a a b c, a a a

cc ac .

D ca , SARI/E c ac

a a a aac a a a ca

cca . T a a cca c a SARI/E

c a a c, a , c

c a a aa ab a.

I, a c c a b a

ab: ab aa (RPS), ab cca (REC) a

a ba c (GBI).

RPS a c ca ab a b a a cc,

aba aac a aa c. A RPS ba cc a

a cc a c a c a

cc b ab c, c a , a, ba, a

a. T a a RPS a a a c a,

a, ab b cca c ca

cc .

U a c aa ca a ab a c, RPS

a a c c b ab ,

b ca b c b a RPS a. T a RPS ca ca a a a

c, cc a a a ab a b

c, a ab c ca c.

W RPS a aa a ca ab , ab c

(REC) a acc RPS ba. REC a aab cca ac

cc (ca MW) a c ab c. REC a a

ca, b ab a. Tca b

a REC a a a ab RPS ca a

cab . I ca, ca a (PPA) a b c a REC, c ca b cc (

ca, ) REC. I ac RPS aa,

REC a a acc . T c REC a ca a a,

ca ca .

GBI a a c c ab c. GBI

a a a c a c a ac cc c


27/138


ab c. W GBI a a c (.., c a c

U.S.), c bc c bca a a a

b a c. D cc , a ab

a ca c, c ca a a ab

c.

I a, F Ta (FT) ba c ab

c bca a aa c a cc .

D FT a ca c cc

a ca. Ma SARI/E c a FT c ac

a.

Ica, c a a a a a ca

aca a aac a a ca ac a a a, b

a ca c aca ca a c, a ca

a ca.

2.3 Pc Ra Ma

T c a, SARI/E a a

a a Sb 2010 cc Cb. T

a ac c :

Da a c c a a

Ra a aa cca c

D a acca aa a.

T a ca a b a

a a a a c. A

aa c a a aa a.

Eac c a c a aca a

a a Aa D Ba a. T

ac a ac a c c

a a caac c a a c a

a c a.

A c a a a a a aca

SARI/E c a a a a

Tab 3.


28/138

S W P Ta

Tab 3. P

10 Ra Ma E

Iac caCa a a

R c c

Acca ca ca

S a

D a caac

W c

Fa acc

E a

A c

G c a a

USAID a , c

F 2.

SARI/E R

c Ra Ma D Ec Ta

Naa W Pa

Ac I

P

1=

a a aa aa

ADB.

C

12

L (Ra

H a 5=L)

cca


29/138



30/138

S W P Ta

I a, c

a b

a a cc ,

ac.

SARI/E R

aa a c

a c a c. Iac c

c a a a

14

a

a a


31/138

S W P Ta

Sc 3WIND PO

LIFECYCLE

T c

ac a c,

a ac). W

a a

F 3.

Sc: Ta Tc EC, Ic. W E

SARI/E R

ER PROJECT

c (F 3) ,

a ca a a a c ( c

c cc a ac c a

bac 12 F 3.

D

Sc a Ta Tc ENE, 2010.

15

a c a

c ,


32/138


W a a a, a b ca a,

c c cc a a .

1: A

T a ac c cc a ac '

c, a a c a. T , , c ab.

2: /

B a c, c c a c,

a a a a

c.

3: E E

A a aca a ac c a c aa

a c c a cc ab.

4: A

La, a bc, c b ca a

a cc a. Ra a a b c,

a a, a , aac ac a

b, a c ca a a , a

ca a a ca, ca c.

5: A

A cca c b a a a

a ac a b a. T, aaab a acc a b a ca c.

6: E A

T a a a b accab, a

a ca b ab b c.

7: C / A

E b a baab c a, a c

a c b a 10 30

a aa . F , a ca a (PPA)a baac a b a a b a.

8: A

Ma ca a a ac b c c .

T b aa a (a ca) a

ca b ac c a c.


33/138


9: E A C / F

B a a ca. I S Aa, a b a c

a $1.6$2.4 aa (MW) Ia c c baa

c. Acc caa a c caa a ac. Sc 2004,

a a c a ca bca b a ca a

c a . Hc, c , c c ca , ca a c cc. M a

a c c a a a a c.

Sc a a a b a a

a a, b a c aa

a a bab aca . Ba

c ac b a c b ac c

a (a c ca a) . Ua, a

c ac5, c ca .

10: E

E b a a. S ac a

a c a , a

b .

S b a a . Sa b a ca ,

b a a a ca a a a. A c

a a a ca a ca ac

ac.

11: CW a cc b ca b a c , c a

cc (EPC) a a a c c, cca, ca a

cca . M a 5070 ac c a ca b 250 300

a a .

12: A &

Tb aaab (ab) a a ac c cc, a c

a aa O&M b a. O&M c

a aac (OEM) aa a, b a c

, OEM O&M ca .

5Describing a loan for which there is a co-signer. That is, if the borrower defaults on the loan, the co-signer becomes legally liable for repayment. Thus, in addition to any collateral that may secure the loan;the lender is further protected from default by the existence of the co-signer. No matter what risk eventoccurs, the borrower or its guarantors guarantee to repay the debt.


34/138


A a bc aa c, a

c a c a c bc

a. Scc a c a b c a

a, aca a a c. T, ca

a c c a cb F 4.

F 4:

Sc: Ta Tc EC, Ic. W E Sc, 2010.

Final Horizontal LayoutFinal Horizontal Layout

Engineering, Constructability,Environmental, Wind, & Land Owner

Review

Constructability Considerations

DevelopmentDevelopment

Operations Ongoing Adaptive Management

Final Construction PlansDrawings/Contracts/Compliance

Plan

Define Constraints: Land,

Environmental, Cultural, Political,

Wind, & Engineering

Development

Initial Regulatory Strategy

Development

Restoration

Monitoring

Construction

FederalPermitting

State/Local Environmental

Review/permitting

Continued

Engineering Support

Land Interconnection Finalize Procurement of Turbinesand Long Lead Time Items

Engineering Fieldwork/Constructability

Considerations

Environmental & Cultural Fieldwork

Conceptual Layout

Select Preferable Turbine

Technology

Potential Wind Site Begin Discussions with TurbineSuppliers

Environmental/Cultural/

Engineering Screening

Public/Government

Acceptability Screening

Land Screening

Wind Transmission Screening


35/138


Sc 4

SITE SELECTION AND WIND

RESOURCE ASSESSMENTS

S c cca cc. A c c

aa a a cca cc c b ac a a .

T c b b c a a a a ca. T a

a a b c aa ca c ab b,

b aa Naa Rab E Laba (NREL) US (aaab

a: ://.a./PaF/Wa_W_D/_a

WRcAa.a) U Na E Pa Sa

a W E A Pc (aaab a: ://a..). T a a

b a c a a a ca a ac .

A a , a a a acca cc caca a c b ba c ac.

T a caacc a a , a ,

a c a ca a b aa cc a

a cc .

T cca a a a , c

. T, a ca a c a a

c aca b b a . T, b

a a a, a a aca ca () aa ccac a . I a ca, c a a aa

a a b c . T a

b c c c c .

D c, c a a ca b c c

a W Aa M W Aa Aa a Aca Pa

(WAP), c aa ab ca a. H,


36/138


aa ab a a a a (.., 10 ) a a

ca a , c aa a a a a ab

a . I a b a c a a a

ca W Aa M ba a aa c c a aa Nca

Wa M aa . Aa, c aa a a ab a

a aa.

T aa a c a cb c a aaab

a c a a a a a. F 5 a

c.

I a, a b ca a a b c a a

c, ba a c c a cac cca

a b , a cca ca aca

cac b a a b a ca.

4.1 Bac Caca D W P

T aaab a a a cb , c a

a b ca aaab b a ac . Aa,

a a a c ; a a, a, , a

a . S b a a ca a aa a

bc ac ac.

A a a b, a a 6 c (/) a

ca a aca. W c c a b a

S Aa c a .

W , a a a ( aa ca

c ), a a aa c aaab a a

a , a ca c aaab a c b a

b. Ca a 50 ab a Tab 4.

W a ca ab a . Bca a bc a

a ca, aa a , a 1,000

a b 3% a a a a .


37/138


Tab 4. Ca W P D a 50 M Ab G

W P Ca (17) W S (/) W P D (W/)

1 < 5.6 < 200

2 5.6 6.4 200 3003 6.4 7.0 300 400

4 7.0 7.5 400 500

5 7.5 8.0 500 600

6 8.0 8.8 600 800

7 > 8.8 > 800

T ca a b :

bgp NNVCArhoP ******5.0

3=

W:

P = a (746 a = 1 ) (1,000 a = 1 a)

= a ( 1.225 /3a a , a ca a a ca)

A = aa, (2)

C = Cc ac (.35 a , .59 B a

ca b)

V = /c

N = a cc (80% b a a a a

cc c a)

Nb = ab/ba cc (a a 95% a ).

T acca c c b aaca aca

c c b aac.

4.2 Ma Acca W S Ma

4.2.1 Paa

A a a, b c

a a aa a ca a . W ca c

ab ( a 1 aa) a a a

a a, a b b ac aa

a a a b a a

a. H, a ca, a

c aab c a a a

a a a caa.

R a

c a

a c a

ba ( a

a), a bc acca a aab

a c

a. I bc

a (Sa) a

ba (La) , a

D S c

a

.


38/138


F 5. E A

Sc: Gaa Haa


39/138


A

A ca a a a b a (c a ) a a

a, a a (c a c).

T b cc a aa , a ba a a, a c cab. T

a b a ba a a ab (RE) (a

a/ ). A a a ab b a. Maca a a a a aa ca b a .

I a ca c a, a

acca a ac , ca a a

c (>20 MW). O , a a, a a a c.

W ca ab , c a a

a c b b a b. W a ab

a aaab, a (c cb

ca a a ) ca b a aa

a. Uca a ca aa ,

b a a b a a b c 25%.

T c a . T a ca b a a a 6080 .

Ab a, ca bc ca a a ca c cab6.

A B

T Iaa N Ha a Rc W E Ma

(MEASNET), Iaa Eccca C (IEC) a Iaa E

Ac (IEA) b a cca a

. T c aab ac c a

baab c a, a a c a

a caba a.

I a a aa, a a a cca,

caba, aa a aac c a a c.

6Met-masts are made of thin aluminum tubes, they are tilted up and use guy wires for support. This is the cheapest configuration.

Taller means risk of bending of these thin towers. Instead of winch, cranes are used.


40/138


A W R T a b a c

b , a b

a c.

Sc: Oc Wa Sa Ca, 2010

D

W b a a aa a bca

b a ab c a b c (4/ a 26/,

c a ca b) ca b a b a. U

aa b ca b a bca ca a.

Bca bc aa aa, 12 aa a a ab

a aa a a ca. A a a

aca a c (F 6). W a

a . I ca, b a

b c ac ca . H, b

a, b b ac a c.

F 6.


41/138


W ca a ca a (F 7) a a .

Hc, a aa a a a c

a.

F 7.

T a aa a a a c c ac a. Tca b ba c a :

Scc a

Tac c

Aaab

Aaab b

Saa aa.

4.2.2 Ea P Pc

T a a ca a a aaab a . T W

Aa Aa a Aca Pa (WAP) b RISO ab, Da,

a.

Ia c, a, b ca, cc c, c.

cc a a. T a a ca a

Monthly wind flow pattern

0

0.5

11.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

Janu

ary

Febr

uary

Marc

hAp

rilM

ayJu

ne July

Augu

st

Septe

mbe

r

Octobe

r

Nove

mbe

r

Dece

mbe

r

Months

WindSpeedat10m(m/s)


42/138


a, c aaab a c a a c a

a a a ca.

Ta, ca a caa ac (CFD) caca a a

a acca. Sc CFD a a a

c b ca b bc cc aa c.M ca a aa ac ac a

ca. CFD ca cc a ca b b

ca a c a c.

4.2.3 Pbab Aa

Sc ac a a aa aa, ca a

aa a aa c (AEP) . T, ca

ca aa b. Faca ac a c a cba

ac a aa a a ba ca. T a

c AEP ca P50. I aa , bab

ac a aa c 50:50.

A a c aca ccc ca a

a cac bab (P) a aa c. P75

aa c a ac a bab 75% a a

P50 a, acca ca aca a. T

a aa c P90 ac 10%. B a a b

ba a a ba ac c. T a

aca a a b c ca a aa bc

a a a ac c, aa ba a a ca

c.

4.3 Aaab Iac

T ac a a cc c a a ac

c . I a a c ca (a)a c a. Tca a a aaab c

: a a a a. Pa a ca b c a ba

bc c a. Tca, a a b a b a

. G a ca a a a a, c

ca a ca a . Ua a a

a a a c.


43/138


E

La aaab, a c,

c a ca b a a aca .

Ecc a a b ca b a ba. F ,

a ab a a a a a ; a ba

aa a/c/aa a . T

cc aaab ab aca a cc b

a ab a aca c a ba.

T aca a a c caac a

cca a aca (c a a a

cc). Sc a c cc a, a c

aa c a a ca aa c, aac

c aca , a a .

A

Accb a a ac a a c. A a

ca b c . I a ba a

ca a, a, aac a, a , c., a

ca a. I a a a, a b ca

c ac aaab a ca b a a a a

c c.

Va a a c a; bca a

a c c, ca b a. Tca,

a c c c:

Aa

Caac M E a F

NOC ( bc cca, a ) b a ab a

NOC b a ca

Caac b aa a Sa ca caac ca ca, c, , c.

Pc aa

Cc G cc aa.

I a, c a a a aa c a

aca ca a cca ba ac. W a a c


44/138


S Aa a baac ac, a c ac a c .

Hc, a aca a c,

cac ca. T a a c c (P50) a b

c a, b ca a a a a ( a P84

P90) . F 8 ca a b c a

.

4.4 Cac a Ea Ca

T ccc caa b a. Sc a

a a, , a a b c

cca cca WTG a aa c.

Ea (a , ) a b b c cc

a a.

C

T a a a b c a caa b

a a. Aa aa b c cca cca

WTG a ca cca a .

Sa a a a b c c a aa, b a b

caa a a aa, a, c.

E

T a a c aa a caa b a. T ac

b ca WTG a a.

F

T a a caa ac a a ac c

c. T a a a ac Ea c.

T c a a a a caa b

a. T WTG b a a a c

c .

I c ca cc a caa c b a cca

cca WTG a a.


45/138


F 7: D

Greenfield Activitiesand Pre-projectPlanning

ProjectMonitoring

Wind ResourceAssessment

Procurement

of Manufacturerand EPC

Contractor

SynchronizatGreenfield Activitiesand Pre-projectPlanning

ProjectMonitoring

Wind ResourceAssessment

Procurement

of Manufacturerand EPC

Contractor

Synchronizat

Greenfield Activities and Pre-

project Planning

Identification of proposed potential site

Survey Regarding terrain and topography

Survey of approach road/infrastructure

Policy and Regulatory Study

Wind Resource Assessment

Mast Installation

Measurement and Collection of wind data

Wind data analysis

Selection of appropriate WTG Mode

Micrositing

Wind Flow Modelling

Annual Energy Estimation

Contingency Analysis

Applications for permissions

Procureme

EPC Contr

Technical Du

Commercial

Third party v

Legal Due D

Negotiations

Raising Purc

Project Monitoring

Monitoring delivery schedule

Validation of technical compliance

Monitoring WTG commissioning

Quality CheckSafety

Synchronization

Prestabilization test checks

WTG Grid syncronization

WTG Stabilization

Sale of Elec

Sell Electricity

consumption / E

Monitoring pay

Monitoring rea

and other losse

Payment realiz


46/138



47/138


Sc 5TECHNOLOGY/TURBINE

SELECTION

Ecc a a b a a a. W , c a , ca a c.

T cc a a . W a

b a b c aca c a a

a. W bac cc a a ca a

aa a a b, b a a

a a a aac ac. I a ab, cca,

a a c cc a aac a aac,

c a c 20 a.

I a bc c, ab, a cca , b a

b , a a 15 1980 a 128

a a b, c a ca a

16,000%. Tb cc a aaca aac

a . F 9 ca .

I 2007, MWca b (caac 1 MW) ca 95% a a, a

a 5% a ac. W MW , b caac 2.5

MW a a a bc ca a, c a . T a

a a b 20 b 2003 a 2007, 0.3% 6%. W

c b a a b , ca a, c a a a ca

1.5 3.0 MW a.


48/138


F 9. A

Sc: Bba WE .V.

T ba aac b ( 2007 ba a a) a

cc a a Tab 5; Tab 6 caab aa

S Aa.

Tab 5. Fa D La 10 Gba Tb Maac

Maac Ma

Sa

M D

Ta

P

Ra

(W)

Da

()

T

S

(/)

P

C

1 Va 22.8% V90 Ga 3,000 90 87 Ac

2 GE E 16.6% 2.5XL Ga 2,500 100 86 PMG

c

3 Gaa 15.4% G90 Ga 2,000 90 90 DFIG

4 Ec 14.0% E82 Dc 2,000 82 84 Sc

5 S 10.5% S88 Ga 2,100 88 71 Ac

6 S 7.1% 3.6 SWT Ga 3,600 107 73 Ac

7 Acca 4.4% AW

119/3000

Ga 3,000 116 74.7 DFIG

8 G 4.2% RE750 Ga 750 48 58 Ic

9 N 3.4% N100 Ga 2,500 99.8 78 DFIG

10 S 3.4% 1500

(Wc)

Ga 1,500 70 NA NA

Sc: Ia W E Aca, 2009


49/138


Tab 6. Fa D La S Aa Tb Maac

Caac

(W)

M R

Da()

Hb H

()

C

WS

C

OW

S

Ra

WS

(/0

(/)

.

1650 V82 82 70 / 78 / 80 3.5

/

20

/

14

/

52.5

E

E

C .

600 T60048 48 50/55/60 3.5

/

22

/

11.5

/

55.3/55.8

/

E ()

.

800 E48 48 75 2.0

/

25

/

14

/

E53 53 73/75 3.0/

25/

12/

57 /

GE E

,

1500 GE 1.5

70.5 64.7/85 4 / 25

/

12

/

.

750 W75548 48 50 4.0

/

25

/

14

/

E

.

1500 S82 V31500 82 78 4.0

/

20

/

14

/

52.5 /

2100 S S88

V3A2100

88 80 4 / 25

/

14

/

59.5 /

.

250 SEPC 250 T 28.5 41.2 4 / 23

/

14

/

58 /

B E . 500 V39500 47 50 4.0

/

25

/

14

/

56 /

600 Paa

Sa 600

47 50 4.0

/

25

/

16

/

70 /

F

225 GWL 225 29.8 45 4.0

/

25

/

15

/

60 /

.

1500 V 77 76.84 80 3 / 22

/

11.8

/

52.5 /

.

2000 K82 82 80 3.5

/

25

/

E

.

1000 WWD 1

MW

60 70 4 / 20

/

11.5

/

G

750 NORWIN 750 47 65 34

/

25

/

60 /


50/138


Ta Ia, b ca a 250 W 2100 W; a a

ca cab b. I b

c, Ia a a a aa caac, c:

Ga c, b c a c a

a a a cc

Ca ab c c a; a c a a c c

a c

A a a

Tb a a , c ca a: ca I >

a 10 /; ca II > a b 8.510/, a ca

III > b 7.58.5 / a ca IV > a 6 /.

T c c c ca c cca aa. T

ca a

, c b ca c; ;

a ca a ? T c c ca b a

.

F a, a a aca , c

b aa ba a a (IRR), c a

ca ab c a ba . I

a a, a c, c c b

a a b ac. I a c a a

ca c aa, c a a a c c. H,

a b a c ac a a ac

(PLF) a c a aaab. S a b c

a c caacc ca , aaab a

a 9295% , a a ac .

Tab 6. Fa D La S Aa Tb Maac

.

1350 LTW771.35 77 65 3 / 25

/

10.6

/

.

250 A 250/50 30 50 4 / 25/

14/

Sc: Ia W E Aca, 2010


51/138


T a c cb

aac a c a, ca bac, a a a aac

. T a ca ac c aa

aa c a a. B a a, a bc a c

c b a. O a aac a, a a a. T ac

a ca a a.

5.1 W Tb Tc

T b a a cc . I a

20 a, b a ca 250 W 5000 W a b, c

a a b c, a a a ac

ac a ac c a . A a , ba a caa a ac ac a

. T a aab , b a : a cca ca a

a caca ac a .

W b c c ca a a a a

. H aab a b c a a a ca

c b c a a a b a cc a

a ac. T a b a a aa 13 a a a

20 a. B ca, a ca a a 200,000

a a a ab 5 a. T

a c a c a cca

a ac a a.

5.2 W Tb Sc

T c a b a cc ab. W cca

cc c a , c a a a

ac. I a ca, b ba c EPC c,

c c a c a ab

a c b a, ab a a

b.

I S Aa c, a b (a ccaa )

ca b accac c

a (WRA). T WRA ac b ca a a cc a


52/138


(a a a ca b c ac a

b). I ca ab, WRA c c a ca.

5.3 S Sc

W a a ca b ac , a

a ca. W b a a cc a

c a aab a aaab c, ca a

c ac a aa . T b acc a

WRA a a a a c a aa, c,

, a c. W , c a ba

a b ba.

5.4 C M

O a ba ca, ca b ca c a, c

cb c c aa a a, a a ac

c. T b a a ca. Ua,

b ca ca a a aa c aa,

ca b ac ca a c , c a b aa

a c.

5.5 Ca

M c a a ca c, c

c ca ca ca. T a

ca a c aa a aca b aaab

. F ac, ca b acaa ca aa, aa

cca ab, aa ab a. T aa

a ab a a aaab aa.

5.6 C, Oa a Maac

Oc cc c, a c b. D caac

b, ac aaab a , a ca, ca a a a

a c a a b. C a

aa cca cca ac a a b, a c


53/138


c a c. Ca a a a, a a

a b a aa.

T aaab a b a (WTG) a c 95%. T a a

95% , b b aaab aa . T a

a ca a. I a a a a ac , a, cca a a c,

a , aaab ca a ab 8090% a c

95% .

Oa a aac c c a aac, a, a a a

aa. T O&M c, c b 1 US c , a b

c US c . Maac a a a

c ca b

a c, b c . T a aac a

b a c O&M c W c.

B a a, c aa a aa a a

c. M a a c aac aa,

c c a a a a

aac c ac, b a ac. T aa a c

c. Waa aa c a a.

5.7 Sc R Oa

D cac , a a c a a a b

. T a a aa ac WTG

a SCADA (S C a Daa Ac) a a

c ab a a a acc b, c

c c a. D cac a

, c b a O&M cac a 10 a a ,

a c a ca, a cac a c.

A , aac WTG a aa

acc b a ba . T aa cac a a c

b a a a b c. Tc cac a aa ab WTG a

ac c a aa ac aaab 95%.

D cac ac a

a a WTG c cac. A bac c

b c a a a


54/138


a ba a a a aa a. H a b a b

a aaab . H, c b a b a.

5.8 P a Pc Maac

W c a ca c, a a a a a

ca cc. T aa c b a a

a, a a a ca. T ac, c

b' caca a, 200 a a c acc.

Ba a a a, ca , caa

aa ac a a a a. T a

a b ab a caca b ac a ca

a. Hc, b a c a a

aa a b .

T , aa b a

cc b aac aa, c a

ca aac a . T a

aac c a a ba, ba a aa b

aaab aa b a 95%. I aac ,

aa a c cab a a a a c b

aac.

Oa c c a a b a, , cc

a, a a ca, a b cc acc

aac c a b. S bac

a c a a a cc , a a b

. I a a a, c aac c aa

a b a a a .

5.9 Pc E Ra M

W b a a ac a c

. Hc a a a aa . Sc aa c a c b cca a cca

ac ac. T c a c a a

ac cc ca. Ga aa a ca

a a b . T a a WRA a a aca

ac. T a ca b a a a

c a c a c a . Tab 7 a a a

a b .


55/138


Tab 7. Ia a Ra M

E

Caac

b

(W)

Aa

Ga b

( 100,000

W)

Ga

I

W

MW

C

b(

R)

PLF

%

C

MW(

R.)

C

INR

W

Ra

A B C D=C/B E F=D*1000/8760 G=E*1000

/B

H=G/D C F

A 600 1.50 2.50 30.50 28.54 50.83 20.33 1 3

B 800 2.00 2.50 42.50 28.54 53.13 21.25 2 3

C 225 0.50 2.22 12.00 25.37 53.33 24.00 3 4

D 250 0.50 2.00 13.20 22.83 52.80 26.40 4 5

E 1000 2.46 2.46 65.60 28.11 65.60 26.64 5 2

F 250 0.45 1.80 12.30 20.55 49.20 27.33 6 6

G 1650 4.20 2.54 117.50 29.06 71.21 28.04 7 1

PLF: Pa a ac

A Tab 7 , WTG A a ca c, G a a

a ac (PLF). T cc c a

/, b a, a a.

5.10 T Ecc W P

O b cc a c,

bc cca c ca a. A

a, c b cca ab.

T ca a baca a b ab:

b c ca a (DSCR)7a c a a (IRR) ,

a IRR . T c a a a

a c c a b c ca a (DSCR) aa 1.30 a

1 a a.

Tab 8 a a b c ca a

a a c a c .

7T DSCR a a aa a b a ca b b ca a

c. Ia, a b a a b a aa

b.


56/138


5

Methodology

Tab 8. Sa Pc Ecc Caca a 18.75 MW W Fa

A C C ( )1 Pc c MW 50.00

2 T c c a 18.75 MW c 937.50

3 I cc @ 1% c c 9.375

4Pa a a , c , c. @

1% c c

9.375

C 956.25

C 1250 62.50

B F C ( )

1 E a a 30% 286.907

2 T a ba a 70% 669.343

956.250

3 I a: 11.60%

C D ()

1 Pc caac 18.75 MW

2 Tb caac 1.250 MW

3 Nb b 15

4 Ga MW 2.24 MU5 N a a (a Ia @ 2.5%) 2.80 MU

6 Ta a c 42.00 MU

7 Pa a ac 25.57 %

8 P c (Ta Na) 3.39

9 GBI @ 6.2 M MW aa 0.50 a U

10 CDM / CER c ( FY 202021) 0.50

11 Ta caa 0.00

D F ()

1 C MW 51.00

2 C W 22.773 A. DSCR 1.49

4 Db : a 2.33 : 1

5 O&M ( c c) 1.50%

6 Ecaa O&M 5.00%

7 Iac 0.25%

8 Ra a 20% a 15


57/138


9 Pc IRR 12.96 %

10 E IRR 18.13 %

GBI = aba c, MU = , MW = Maa, PU =

INR = Ia R

T c c a ac, a c a:

W a ab a c a a , ?

Wa a caac a a a?

Wa ac ?

Ha a b aac? Ha a a

b c ac, O&M, c.?

Oc c c, c a

a b c a. Wa c cc ca

a , a c a

c, caca a cca a. F 10 a a c

a ca.


58/138


F 10. F C

Control Room

Ready for Erection

R.C.C.

Excavation

Civil Work

Commissioning

Pre-commissioning

Termination

Control Panel Erection

Cabling Works

WEG Erection

Nacelle & Blade at Site

Tower Assembly

Tower Materials at Site

Mechanical Work

Cabling & Termination

Transformer Erection

Earthing

D.P. Erection

Unit Substation

Earthing

D.P. Erection

CTs, PTs Testing

Metering Point

Conductor Stringing

Erection on Poles

Line Survey

OHT line

Electrical Work

EB Officials Inspection at Site

Registration of NOC

Land Procurement


59/138


Sc 6GRID INTERCONNECTION

T a ab a c cc c, b

a, c a a c. G cc aa, a a

ca, a c ac a a .

W a c a b aaab. Ecc

a ca b aab , a, a aa. B

a, a a a aab c; a a

a a, a ca a a a ac a a c a

(a , a a a ac a ac ca).

A a a , a

c c. W a a cca

ab, c a a. T c b cb ca

a a .

Cc a a c ba (C: PPM E / Ta Tc)


60/138


6.1 Ta

T cc a b a, ( F 11 a 12) a a

c a . T a , a a (HV) a a (EHV) a . Va a

a a ac a. Paa a

a ca ab a a .

Sba, c a baca c a c a, a c

a a aac. M ba a a a ac.

S acc a c a a ca b c a, a

a, a, , c. Cc ba, a, a c, a,

a , c. a a ba . T c ab a,

aac a c b a a b .

T a a, a c , aac a

cca a a ca. I ca, ab

a bac a a aca . T a b a

a c a aca a b ca

, a a c ca

aca c.

F a a cc a ba a ,

a a ca ca b a aca c. N

ac a (SIL) a a b a, a acc ac b

a ba a a . I a, a N1

c ca b a a cabca ba.

T SIL a a MW a a c a aa ac baac

cc. Ta c ac (Ma) aa caacac.

T a Ma c a caac acac (XC)

a a (V) a c . A a SIL MW

a (a a ac) a c Ma a a Ma

c. T a ac SIL ac caca.

T, SIL a a a a a caab, a a acc , c ca

. T a SIL a a a a a a ab

SIL, ac a ac abb Ma a a a

b SIL, ac a caac, Ma .


61/138

S W P Ta

F 11. D

F 12. D

SIL c a

ca b a a 2.5

a 100 . T, c

c.

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a . H, (

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c


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T N1 c (a U Ca Ta Ecc G

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a a a a a a a a

(c a a a , a a , ca ac a

b ba) b caab acca ca ca b a

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ca , N1 c a b a c c.

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(a ab) a a a c aac. T c

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cca .

T N1 ca ca b a aa a a cc : ca

cc cc, ba, a a aca .

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a ba a ca b aa a a.

A a a cca a a

. T a c c aca c

aa a a . T b

cc a a ca a a cc a ca a a b ca. Ga ac a c

a a ba aca c caa c , b a,

a , caa, O&M ca, a ca c.

6.2 S Iac S

A ca a caac a a ca ca

a, cc a a b a.

W a a a , aa ca (.., aca ac ac, c c abab ca

c, ac aca c a c c, ca a

) a . T b a c ac a

a , a , a c, a , a a

aca c. D a cc ca b a a a a a. F 13

a a Ea c.


63/138


T ab, c a , a ac aa

ac ca ( c ). A, a

aba a , a a b a

ac ca ca b a c .

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c b c . H, c a

c LVRT. T a LVRT ac, ac

ca, a b a ca abab

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F

T c a ac c b c a

ab a ac a b a c a a


64/138


. H, a a aca c , WTG

b a a a ca a c. I Ia, WTG a

a c ca ca a 1 Jaa 2011.

A 8

F aca a WTG cc a a,

aab a a b b aca c. W

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a. Aca c ca bac a a

a abb c a.

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a a aca c .

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a a a. H, a a c a bac

a a c a a a

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a c ac a baac ac

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a 0.95 a b a a a a ba

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cc a , ac a

ac caab ca ab. Dac ac caab ca b

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caac a ac.

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T LDC a c a a ca ac a c ca

c a a a. D

a a , a a ac a (

c ca c a) ac ac.

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b c. L, ac a a a a a

a a a , b ca. Ra a

a a a ca LDC a a c .

6.5 Hac a Va FcHac c a a b a accac IEC 6140021

IEEE STD 5191992 . A a a c, IEC61000415 (IEC, 1997)

a IEC 61000 415 (IEC, 2003) aa b .

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a c . Rac ca aa cc a.

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H, a b c b aa ac a acc

a . T c a b a aa a a.

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a a , a a c a. T

c c b ca c c c. A

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T aa a cca a aa ca b

c a a, a c a aa ac (SCADA)

b ac. F , a ca


66/138


aa a ac a b , a c b

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Ta a a a SCADA

caab bca a a a c a .

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SCADA caab ac a a aa a a a

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acc ba BPTA. T baac a a

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a b a a caac acc a aa

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a a/ a aa ca c c aa

a cb c a c a .


67/138


a). Ba a, a a a

a c b a ac.

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a a c (.., 5, 10 20 MW), ba caac. W a

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a c, a ab.

T cca c a WTG . T a b

a ca:

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c a a . 1) I , a a a ac

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c a aa ac (SCADA), , b aa

a cca a aa ca b c a

a. T ca b b c ba

ac a a b a a cca c a c.

C G

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a ac.

T aca WEG cc a c

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a a a

4 P cc aa a ,

aa cc b

5 Na a c cc


68/138


a cc b

6 Eaca ca b a a

B Cc Sc P SbSa

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2 G a 3 Cc

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c b a a cc

ca a cc

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6 Da aa ac a c bcc.

7 Ca c a aa a aa (a)

a cac c a cc


69/138


B A

T a c (TSP) a a a b a

a ccc a ac. T BPTA b WEG a TSP

a :

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4. B a a a, c a aa aca a

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7. Dca a

8. Na acc caac

9. A a caac

10. S a caac

11. M

12. E

13. Ta ca

14. Cac c

15. Ta ac aa

16. Rb a a VAT.


70/138



71/138


Sc 7

GRID CODE AND CONNECTIVITYSTANDARDS

A aca b a c aa

a c a, ca c, a b , a ac .

L a aca , bac ca a c a a ca a b

. Ia aca a a c, a a acc a baac

a c. T, a aca b cc b c

a b a c ac aa ca.

7.1 C Sc

T a c a cc c:

I c caa a aa c c a a a

cc

Oa a aac c

Aa aa cc c, c a

Tb Dc a

Ta a VAT

Ic.

T a c ca b ab c b (

). F 14 c c a ca 2 MW b a E

2006.

T ba c ca a cab b a c aa. T, ca F 14 b a a

c.


72/138


F 14.

7.2 Ga Paa a W Faca M

Tca, bca b a a 20 a, ca ca a a

20 a. D , a ca c b .W b , a c c

c c. T aca c b b a , a aa

ba. T, ca b ca , a a

c. A aa a a c a c ab,

a a a b acca a a a aa. O

a, a a c bc c a a c

a aa.

T aca b a a aa a a ab

c; ca b a aa a . T a aa a a cca a ca. T aa a

a b c a cca cc c a c b

( a PPA, ca a, ca c, c.) cca a c

a a a, a a a aca aa c a b

a a.

Wind Turbine Investment Cost Structure

1.5%

0.9%1.2%

3.9%0.3%

75.6%

6.5%

8.9%

1.2%

Turbine

Foundations

Electric installation

Grid connection

Control systems

Consultancy

Land

Financial costs

Road


73/138


T, a b a a a a aa a

b aca . T c a aa .

7.2.1 B M

A c ca b a a b b . T

b a aa cc a, a

ca, c , a ac a b c. T

c b a c .

A

A a ca c a cac a cc a

a, a a c. Sc a cac ca a ca

a (PPA) ca a. T a b cc aa a a a c cac. Ua, a

ca a a ba a a a

a.

U aa, a baa a b c a a

a (ca Ecc Ba). T c a a a a

a c b a. T a a a c ac a

a a, a a b .

C C

H, a cc c. T

cc c c b a abb

a a ( aac a a ). I ca, c

a c , c ca a c a

b a cc . I a a a

Ecc Ba, a a b a a c a a ( c

Sa c c a). I Ia, ca

c a , a ca a Ecc Ba bca.


74/138


7.2.2 Caa E

Caa a a c c a a a ac,

c , c a c, aca ac, a c a a

aca ac c a acc a. Ia Ca Ecc Ra

C (CERC), a caca Rab E Ta, a acaa c aa US$ MW, c a ab

ac.

F aca , caa (.., b

b a a a a) b c acab. I

c a c O&M cac, a b

caa a c a a c ba .

H, ca c caa c a b aab ba

b b .

7.2.3 Ecc Ga

Ea cc a a c cca a

aca . T a a a ba aa b a a

b c a bab c a P50, P75, P90 a P95. T P50

a b a a cc a a a a 50% bab

b ac. D bab a ca ca ca.

Va ac ca ac a a a WTG. T ac a

c b.

G E 50/90

Aa cc c (AEP) a a c ac a c ab. Sc

aab a a aa aa, ca a

aa a AEP . Hc, ca ca

ca ca. T aca P50 a a

a a ca ca ba. M ca

a a a .

E

W c a (WRA) c aa aa c. A

cb a WRA ba : a) a aa, b) aa a

aa (a) ba a a ca , c) aa a aa (a) ba


75/138


c aa, a ) c aa b b

aac c aa aa c.

A, c a a PLF CUF c

a a b. A a a, Ia, MW CUF a ca b a

aaab c a CERC a . T a a aac a a, c a CUF . T

a ( a MW ba):

Aa W P D (W/2) CUF

200250 20%

250300 23%

300400 27%

>400 30%

I b a aa c c ca b

ab CUF. N a aa a c

ab a a a a a 50 b.

D G

E aa c b b

ac b c. O a, b a a b

c a. T c a a , a ab a

ac ca b aca . Ua, a a a 1012 a

a. T a b (P50) a b c b 12 % ab

a. H, aca a aca ac a aac b.

G

A b c a ca a a. F

a, Ia, ab 60% aa a a b ac

a , a 5% aa a b ac

.

I aca a a a ba, aa aa a b a acc. I a a aa ba, aa

a b .


76/138


7.2.4 R M

T a c a a a c aa

a cc, cab c, a c, c. T a a a

aca ca a cac a c c. I

ca ca c, a c a b b ; b a a a c c

.

T cca ac ca a a a (P50, P75, P90, c.),

aa a, b cc a c . Tca, cc b a

caca a aca a c 15 a 3 ,

ca a. T, ca a b

acc.

A a a a c, c a ca Iac a c b:

GB

D Dcb 2009, Ia M N a Rab E (MNRE) ac

aba c (GBI) c, c a ca a a

c Ia ab a, c

a b a c a a . T a c

a:

GBI b aaab a c acca cab c

T c a INR 0.50 W

T c b acab c a a a cc

ca c b. F ca c, GBI b

aaab a a a a Ecc Ba c

T acab ca Ia R (INR) 6.2 MW (aa US$

141,000 MW);

T GBI c acca ca b

ac a a c, a Dc Ta C,

c a a (E F Ya Pa, 20072012), c a.


77/138


T, GBI ca b a INR 0.50 W a a c.

T a b a a ca b

acc.

E CTaab Rab E Cca (REC) c c Ia a.

T REC a b c a b Rab P

Oba b Ia a a a c.

U a REC, REC b a

a a ca a a a. T

a aac a c c aa cca. H,

aa aa a b a, CERC a ac a a a

baac c cca. F a, c REC a b a

INR 1.50/ a baac c INR 3.9 / ( 1 REC = 1 MW).

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ca a c, , c c ca b

a b b . H, c REC c a

c, b b cc ca c, a ca aac

a c c.

C C

W c a b cab c Ca D Mca (CDM)

K Pc. I a c c a CDM a, ca ca CDM b c c (CER) c

a. H, a REC, c CER a a c ca a

cc c. M, CDM a c a a

c. CDM a aa a c.

F, a c a PPA, a CDM a

b a cc a. I acab, c aca

a a . A CERC, 100% c CDM b a

b a b a a aa c cca

a a b. H, b c a, a 10%a bca, a 20% a, a ac 50%, a c

c a a a b a.


78/138


7.2.5 Pc E (O a Caa C)

Aa caa , c, a c, a a

aa aca a. T a c b.

C

A c a c a a aac a a a

c . W O&M c, a

O&M cac. O&M ca ac a b aac;

ca a a ca a c, b ac (..,

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(CERC T a C Ta a Rab E Sc

Ra, 2009), O&M c a b a a INR 0.66 MW a aa caa ca 5.72% a .

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c, aa b b. H, cac

c, aa aac a a a b b.

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c. Tca, ca a a c, a ca,

c. A acab ca a c a b a a ca

aca .

D

I cc ac a a a a a, ca

aac a acca c c. A CERC, c ca,

aa a a b 10% a ca a 90% a caa

c. T ca a 10 a a a 7% a a a ca b a a c.

Dca caab a a.


79/138


7.2.6 Pc Fac

A c a c a a b ba c cc a

a aca a c. W c ca b

ba baac baac . T ac ca(), b, a c, c. ac

c a. T aa c ac c a c b.

D/E

I baac , a c ca ba 70% c c

b. T a a b baac

a . I ca baac , aca b

c ca . Tca, c b c ca a

(DSCR) P50, P75 P90 a , a b acc. T, c ac, b b ba

ca ca .

F

A ab, c a baac , c b

a a b aca . T a a c Ia a b

baac , ba ac.

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c a a c. CERC, a a, a a a a

10 a.

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b a. T a c c c a

. Ua, a a caa a a

aab a .

T aab a c a a c ac

c. Baac a a a, a baac

a c. F, c b aab ,

a, aa aa.


80/138


F a, Ia CERC a aa a

Sa Ba Ia a a 150 ba .

F a, aa , c a a a ac c c a

c a b. Tca, c a b 12% b a a bc a b a a b acc.

D DC C

A b a , b a b. Ua, ba a

ac a a a caa. T b c

ca a a a a b c c ca baac

ac, a ac c. T, ca

DSCR a a b c. F, DSCR b

c ac a b a a a a aa DSCR. T a

ca :

DSCR = Ca aaab b c ca/(Caa a + I

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W ca aaab b c = + ca + ( a

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A

Ta b c acc acab a a a acc

a a a b aaab c. F, a ca a a

c a c a a ba. F a aa

c a b c a a ca b

aa a c ca a a a b a c

a a. F a a aa, a ca b ca .

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c a b acca ca (80% c c) a a 10

a a a. I c, c a c a aaab. T aca

ca acab a c c c a

c.


81/138


7.2.8 Pab a K Ra

A ca ca , a baac ca b c a ca aca . Sa a a a a b c

aa, a . S a a a

c b.

,

T c IRR c aa . M a a a

c IRR b c a a. T, c c IRR

a c / c c. F a a aa, ,

a (NPV) a b c ca . T NPVca c a. H, b b a a

c a a c c a c b (a

c c a).

T c abac ca b c a:

S Pabac = Pc c / N aa ca

H, c, aa ca a a a

ca b a a c baac. I c a ca, aca a

aa ca ac c c. T

a a a b abac . A ca a a

c ac ba a aa ca b ca

c c.

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E IRR ca b c ba ca , a c IRR.

R (ROE) ca b c a:

ROE = N Ic / Sa

T ab = P a ca / Ia ca a.


82/138


C G

T c a ca b a a ab

c . I a b a a a.

L c ca b c b caca a c W a a

c ba NPV. T NPV a c a a

ca c a ba c a W. Ec PMT c

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Tab 9 Ia a a a .

Tab 9. Ia Sa W E Ta

N. Sa

Ta F b

C (U.S. c

(INR)/ W) Ra

1 Ta Na 7.25 (3.39) F

2 Maaaa 10.85 (5.07)I CERC

3 Kaaaa 7.92 (3.70) Acab 10 a

4 Aa Pa 7.49 (3.50)

5 Gaa 7.62 (3.56)

6 Raaa 8.20 (3.83)

F Jaa, Ba,

J

8.62 (4.03) F c

7

Maa

Pa 9.31 (4.35)

8 Kaa 6.72 (3.14)

9 W Ba 8.56 (4.00) F, b a a ca

Sc: Ia W E Aca, 2010.

Eca a ab 46.7 INR 1 USD


83/138


Sc 8

FINANCIAL MODEL FOR WINDPOWER PROJECTS

T a b c a b c a a

aac a a c a . I

ca, b c aca , a c c c,

a cac b . Hc, a

a b c.

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b ca a , a ac, c,

c b aac, c a c b, a

a ac (.., a, aca ac). I Ia,

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c a c c a O&M. T ca

a aa a a a a a b a cc b.

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a acc c c. O c ,

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a c , c , a ac aaab c (.., c, a a cc aa).

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c.


84/138


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c a ab b cac

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ac a c:

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ca, , ac (), b , a MW

caac a, c.

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a ca a a, aac (a a , a, a

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c a cb c.

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c, ca c a aca aac, c., a a.

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b c c, c, a cca

a c, a a cca aa aa.

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ab c b aaab c, aa

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85/138


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b (.., UTM ca, , a).

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c. I a Ga PERT ca.

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a, a, caac ac, a, a c, a c. T

aa a a ca IRR, NPV, a/ DSCR.

13. : T c a a a a

, a, a a a (SWOT) c.

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aa a c ab a ac a ac

cc cc .

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a a b a a , c a

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87/138


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88/138


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Faca EaaA cca aa, aca aa a. I a

b a c cca aa. T b c aca

aa a ca c a c.


89/138


Sc 9CDM FOR WIND PROJECTS

T U Na Fa C Ca Ca (UNFCCC) a 1992

a ca ca a ca. D c,

a A I c C, c a. T

Ca D Mca (CDM), 1997 a Cc Pa

UNFCCC, a a ca ca aab

c, a NA I c, a a a c a (GHG)

.

T CDM, a Ac 12 K Pc, a a c a

c a c K Pc (A I UNFCCC)

c c c. T CDM ba,

a a c c , a aa

ca a C E Rc (CER).

I aca CDM, a ca b ca a c .A a bac : a aca CDM,

ab a aa CDM a, a aca K Pc.

T CDM b CDM Ec Ba (CDM EB) a ac

Cc Pa UNFCCC. T Ec Ba a

CDM a a a a a c a . I a a c

a CDM. T b c a cc

CDM c.


90/138


F 15. CD C

9.1 T CDM Pc Cc

T CDM c cc a Pc Cc N (PCN), c

b aa CDM a. Ba PCN, a a

c ( a a c CDM EB). A ca

CDM PCN ca bac a ab c, c a caac a a ca

a.

T a CDM c aa Pc D

Dc (PDD), c a a ab c. I a ca a

c ba a c a aa ca.

(Aa a a c aa a a a

a c c a a cca ;

a c a b CDM b.)

C A CD C

Pc P

Da Oaa

E

Ec Ba

Pc P

Da Oaa

E

Ec Ba

C E

Rc

Aca E

Ec Ba

& COP/MOP

Da Naa

A

D

/

/

C


91/138


9.2 Ba

T ba a cc abc CDM c,

a b c. A b ba a aa

b a b CDM EB; ca b c a c c

ba a b a. T a a a (ACM 002)

a aca ( a 15 MW) c ca . W ACM 002 a

b ba , c ba aa a

a c, a a a, a

a aa.

T CDM c a cc ca cc aa. T b

a CDM c a c ccaa a ca

b c. Tab 10 aa

CDM c , ac CER.

8: A CD C

. CD C

1. Paa c a a c cc 2

2. Paa c c 8

3. H c aa 6

4. Pbc b 4

5. S aa 1

6. A a aa 20

7. R a 4 8

8. Wb a UNFCCC 4

9. Ra 2

10. M 52

11. Paa 1

12. S ca 1

13. Wb ca 2

14. R ac CER 2

15. Iac CER 2

Ta T c CDM 110

9.3 W E a CDM

I ab c, a bca CDM ,

ca c Ia a Ca. B 2010, c a 31,000


92/138


MW a caac a a CDM a. O , 1,665 c

a b . I SARI/E , Ia a c a

104 c .

W c, a ab c, a a

abac , c ca c . Va a c c . R a c a a CDM

c a aa a CER a c.

A b aca aa a a CDM caab a

a c b 34%.10

T, CDM c a a b ab

bca IRR, bc ab.

9.4 C I

O a, c a c b CDM Ec Ba. T a a a b c ca a a c Ba a

a a ab. T aa

c CDM a a a . A a , a ca a

a a CDM c.

F 16 a ca b c CDM . W

c Ia, ab 755 MW c a ac a. T

c a b c b Ec Ba, b a b ,

a a aa b c Da E,

a a c . O , c c a

600 MW a a aa c 20062008. Ca, a ac

ca b ab a a ac c .

10://c4c./Pbca/WCDM.


93/138


F 16. CD A11

C CD

Rc, CDM Ec Ba a a ab a c

c CDM a cca c b

c. T , c a a c a, a ac

c a a CDM c c a b ab c

aa. T ac a c a aa aac

a aa. A a a ac, aa

c a a a aa. T a b a b ca a

b b ca c; c a b ab

cc Da E c. T a aa b a c c a a c c.

C A

T c acc aa a aa a aca c (ab 15 MW)

c aca aa c. T baca ab

ac a c CDM a a c acc a aca

aa a c, .., a Sa c. F CDM c, bc a

b, ca Ia a Ta Na, Kaaaa a Maaaa, c a

a b c aa. H, b a a b S Aa c, c c a aa. A a

aa b aa CDM a ca a a CDM

a, aa aa b b a a.

W CDM Ba ca aa cac, aa aa

b cca.

11UNFCC, CDM Pc Sac, ://c.ccc./Pc/ac., CDM c , 2010.

0

10

20

30

40

5060

70

80

90

Q1-04

Q3-04

Q1-05

Q3-05

Q1-06

Q3-06

Q1-07

Q3-07

Q1-08

Q3-08

Q1-09

Q3-09


94/138


C

T aac c a c a a . T ca b

ab ca b a a CDM, a a

b CDM c. T ca ca aa ca , c a ca b a a 50% a a. T

a bca ac a CER c a b a. I c,

aca c ca a CDM a a.

Tab 11. Tca C a CDM Pc

S. N Dc C

1 Pc ca US$ 10,000 15,000 + Scc F 0.55%2 Vaa ca US$ 13,000 20,000 ( )

3 M a ca

ca

US $ 8,500 10,000 (E Ya)

4 UNFCCC a ca 0.1 US$/CER 15,000 CER, 0.2 US$/CER a

15,000 CER

N ca aa aa a 15,000

CER

5 Aaa UNFCCC 2% CER a

6 Cab ca (I CER

aac a ca)

2 5 % CER aac

9.5 Va E Rc: A Fab Aa

D ca a cca aca CDM, a c ,

ca aa, a a a a aa.

Ma aa a aa CDM a

a, a a c b a a

CDM. Ia, a a a a a c c

c b CDM. N, a ca b a a a cc c

aa a cab a c.

C, aa a a a a: T Va Cab

Saa a Cca Ca Eca. T aa a a aaa,

: bca a a a CDM, c a a

c c a ca CER. A , a Va Cab

U ( Va Cab Saa) a a Cab Faca I (

Cca Ca Eca) a b a a aa 4 a $2 ,


95/138


c, a ca a CER, c b a a a 14 ( a c

5 Sb 2010).

O a, c a c, a c b,

c b b CDM. P2012, c c a

b c. I a, CDM G Saa aa c aa a c aab . A G Saa c

a a a a 34/ CER ab a CER c.

W ca CDM c baa ca a

a a 5,500 MW c b

CDM a b b a c

a. CDM a a a a c

a P M c a.

9.6 CDM B Pacc

B a c b aa, ca acc ca aca a a

CDM c. F a, CDM Ec Ba a Naa CDM

A a ab b a c ( a a cca

a) c a c a cc CDM a a a.

F, ca a, a ac a

CDM PDD a c . La, a

ca a a aa ac ca bab a c b

cc.


96/138



97/138


98/138


I a Caac B,

F P / Da Pc

Ba Pb S

2 I c ca

c a a

a c .

T c ab c a ca b a

IPP/BOO c aa, a aa a

, a b cac. I a, .., cc ca b cc a a a

c b a a.

3 G

IPP/BOO c ca

c a

.

T a a a a

c a a a ca ac a

a b c b b a . O,

b a b bc b, .., a .

Fa a a c b a

.

4 I cca a

a b cc a

accac IECaa a

MEASNET a

caba a

.

W a c a

a a ca: A 1%

a a aa a 3% a. T a c b

a b c aa a ca,

a ca a b a c a aa a (

, a c, a aa cc). Lca

ca a c cac a a a ca

b a .

5 Tcca b O&M

a aaab.

Fa b a ca a O&M

. Ec a

aa a c caa

.

6 Pc

a IPP/BOO

c .

Ta a a . Bca a c a

cca a cca c (

c b a c a ca

), cc

a a a b.

Ecc Ba W a P Ga Pa Sa

Ba Pb S

1 Ma a c

a acaaa c

G a c a

aa cc a a ba ca c a.

2 C b

ca a

T cc aa a c c ca

ca c c a

( ca b c, a a b a

b)


99/138


Ecc Ba W a P Ga Pa Sa

Ba Pb S

3 I acc

c

a a

c c ,c

a .

P a c a WASP ( b c

c aa , WAP) aca

c c , aa

a aaab a a c ca.S aa ba a a c

a a .

M caca ca a b c

a a a

a. (T W Ba ESMAP a

c a bc a. M

c a aaab, b c aa

a.)

4 Dac ca

a a c b a

c ac abb

b bc b

O aaa , a a c a

, a a cc a ca 20a c cac cc .

5 Ecc a a

Ga c cc a (.., a

a b b

a cc a a a

b ) a b b

ca. Ga c b

a cca ca aca ac.

E Ta & PPA I

Ba Pb S

1 20a aa PPA

aaab a

W caa, (baca)

c PPA a a c ba a aab c

W, a a b a

b a c. Sc cca a a

b acc IEC aa 20 a, c ca b

ba ca a PPA c cca

a.

Ca a ba a a

c, a a.

2 F a a b

ca a a

3 N aab a

c

T c ca b a

cc a ba, ac a a, a ab

, a ca

c a a.


100/138


E Ta & PPA I

Ba Pb S

4 C

cc a

aa

Pc a b bac b aa aa

(ca a a a ) MIGA c

ac aa.

5 T a REb W aa

ab

c

I c aa a a a a, .., a a a aa,

c b . S a ca b

ba a, c a a b c

ab ( Da, Ga Fc ). T b

a a cca ab a a a

IPP/BOO a c a a a

ba W c c a c.

6 W ca c

aca b

a

I b ca b c, ca ca ca

b cc a (, .., ca

c a) a a b a

b a.

7 Ecc c a

aa, (aa, c.)

Baca a a aa a b

a c a (FIT). Sca c

c a a c a a

aa.

P a Lc I

Ba Pb S

1 Uc a

c ac a

c

P a c b b

BOO c, a b aa cac ba

a c.

F cba a c (FIT) a aac (a

ac a ca a

) . T a b

cc Da a ,

aa ac aa a.


101/138


Pbc La U Pc

Ba Pb S

1 Ec aa

( a

ca) c aab c a,

c a .

I c FIT , b a c a

(ac ba MW), aa a b a

a ca, c c. I ca a a a a a b

c cc. Pb a a b ba

Ia' a .

F BOO/IPP c b b ,

c a a ca

a c b b a. (A

a G Qbc.)

F BOO/IPP c ,

a ( b ).

La ca a b c b a

ab c. I a ca, acc bc a

b a, ba ,

c cca a cc aca. (T a

a IPP/BOO c.)

2 La I a a b cc, b (bca

a a accab a)

aa ba aca c, .., a

a MW.

I aba ( IPP/BOO c) a b c b c, c bc a

a b a c c. I a ca

c a b MW aca a aa

c aab c. (T

b MW a a ac ,

a a ca, a ac.)


102/138


A.2 W Pc D

T ab b ca ba c b a b . S

a c ba a IPP/BOO c ( ba

W c), a a a (FIT); b.

W Rc & OS Ma

Ba Pb S

1 Lac aa

c a bab

a c

D a ca aa ba a aa, a

aa aa, a .

Pab a a aa ba a

a a . T ca b

a a ba a a a

a . W Ba (ESMAP)

c a aaab ca aa a.

D a ca a a b

(a a a a) c

c a a , c a

a a a a c a

ca c b a c.

2 Lac ab

aa a

c a ca.

A a a ac

a a b . G a a DANIDA

a GZac a E, c a b a

>15 a, a a GZac a 12 Sa, ca b a > 5 a. (P a a

aa a a ab a c

a c.)


103/138


W Rc & OS Ma

Ba Pb S

3 T

a , a

a a .

P

c, acc a accb a

a c (b b a MW c). I

c, a a a a c c

b a MW c. P a

ac a, c a ca. T a

a b c c;

b a b ab b a b cac. (S Sc

A.1.)

I a , ca

' b, a,

a cac FIT . I ca, , ca a

a a a a a b ab,a a ab (a ).

4 Ma aa b

cc a

( ) a

a a

b

a a IPP/BOO

c: T a c

aa

c, a a

a a bc, a

ac.

B , cc a, a

IPP/BOO c, c

a c . A aa a a

a a a b a b

E 2,500 MW IPP/BOO a. T

a b c Sa.

5 L a

a a c

c

IPP/BOO cac ca

c .

T a a ac a

ac a c cc. Hc,

ab a aa c ba

. T ba aa a

Ea IPP/BOO

ab. L, c WAP

aa baab a b . O

c ac a b b ba.


104/138


W Rc & OS Ma

Ba Pb S

6 P a

aca

a a aaab

b a IPP/BOOc. T ca

c a

c b c.

T Ea c aac aa a ca

. T a c ca a, ,

a c a a a a

IPP/BOO c. T a a

a a, c aca

a a ca b , a

c a ca b a a a

b b.

7 N cca a

ca b

(a c).

T Ea ab c cca

a.

Ea a Sca Iac

Ba Pb S

1 W c

a

c

A a a c a

a a ca (.., b, cca,

acca , aa), a a a

a ac a ca a ,

c. Ma a ca b cb aa

a c c c a ab

aa.

2 Pc a

a a ca

ac a b

F IPP/BOO c a ,

a a ac a ca a

, a aca aa c.

3 Pa a : P

'

A a a a a b

aa . Sca b ca a

a cc a. T a

bc aaab W Ba (a c

bca b acc a a a ca

a a) a c.

4 Pa a : La

ac c

I a a a a a

c ca b a ca acc a. I c a

a ca ca b a a . E a

b a c ()

ca a ca bca c

ca a. G aba

Oa, Caaa.


105/138


Ea a Sca Iac

Ba Pb S

6 La ac aa

a b a

a

La b ca a, b ca b a

a PPA, a a a a

a . C 98% a aa a aab a a

a a b a.7 Lca ac c

ac a

aca

C c a c a b

a c. B acc ca

a a a acc ca b ba , .., ADB,

IFC W Ba aa .

8 Cc ab a

b a

A b a c b b

c a cca a a a a

PPA b a acc accac

c IEC 61400 aa a

.

9 Oca cc ab

b ba a

Oca (1 a) a b a a

a ac a (EIA) cca aa. Ma

a a b (.., a a

a, a ac a a b

a a). T a a aa

aa b a c

a ( 1 ab), a b ab a

(b), (b ), ( b

).

Pbc Saa Pa (Z)

Ba Pb S

1 P aa a a

c ( a)

b a c

ca b ca

a c c

( a c b

ac a)

W a a bc a, a b

ca b c. I a a

a b ca a a a.

A a a c c a

b 1020% bc a a ac

. P a a a a

c b , b a 1520%

a c a. Aac

a b c a c,

b a . B c a b a, ab

a. A a a b a

a a aa b.


106/138


Pbc Saa Pa (Z)

Ba Pb S

2 P a a

a a c

a ca b

b a ca a.

T c a a (.., WP, W

Fa) a ca b aa ac b

b a c a a a

ca c, a, ca 40 B(A) (a b a). L,

a c a a b a a a

a a ac b ( N

ab c cac), a a a ac

b b a a c cac. Ec ca

b a aa a. (Aa, accab

a b a c b

a).

3 Ma c aa

a a bc

SARIE Wind ESQ Report 07 April 2011 v01

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