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Raj Kumar Discovery in SAP HANA (/)
10/28/2012
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SAP HANA Interview Questions and
Answers(http://rajkumarsap.weebly.com/interview-questions/sap-hana-interview-questions)
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SAPLandscapeTransformation1.Whatarethedifferenttypesofreplicationtechniques?1.ETLbasedreplicationusingBODS2.TriggerbasedreplicationusingSLT3.ExtractorbaseddataacquisitionusingDXC
2.WhatisSLT?SLTstands forSAPLandscapeTransformationwhich isa
triggerbased replication.SLT replication server is
thereplicationtechnologytopassdatafromsourcesystemtothetargetsystem.ThesourcecanbeeitherSAPornonSAP.TargetsystemisSAPHANAsystemwhichcontainsHANAdatabase.
3.Is it possible to loadand replicatedata fromonesourcesystem
tomultiple
targetdatabaseschemasofHANAsystem?Yes.Itispossibleforupto4.
4.Isitpossibletospecifythetypeofdataloadandreplication?Yeseitherinrealtime,orscheduledbytimeorbyinterval.
5.WhatisConfigurationinSLT?The information tocreate
theconnectionbetween thesourcesystem,SLTsystem,and theSAPHANAsystem
isspecified within the SLT system as a Configuration. You can
define a new configuration in Configuration
&MonitoringDashboard(transactionLTR).
6.Isthereanyprerequisitebeforecreatingtheconfigurationandreplication?For
theSAPsourcesystemsDMISaddon is installed
inSLTreplicationserver.User
forRFCconnectionhastheroleIUUC_REPL_REMOTEassignedbutnotDDIC.FornonSAPsourcesystemsDMISaddon
isnot requiredandgrantadatabaseuser sufficientauthorization
fordatareplication.
7.WhatisConfigurationandMonitoringDashboard?ItisanapplicationthatrunsonSLTreplicationservertospecifyconfigurationinformation(suchassourcesystem,targetsystem,andrelevantconnections)sothatdatacanbereplicated.Itcanalsouseittomonitorthereplicationstatus(transactionLTR).StatusYellow:Itmayoccurduetotriggerswhicharenotyetcreatedsuccessfully.StatusRed:Itmayoccurifmasterjobisaborted(manuallyintransactionSM37).
8.Whatisadvancedreplicationsettings?AtransactionthatrunsonSLTreplicationservertospecifyadvancedreplicationsettingslike
RajKumarSalla
http://rajkumarsap.weebly.com/1/feedhttp://rajkumarsap.weebly.com/interview-questions/archives/10-2012
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Modifyingtargettablestructures,SpecifyingperformanceoptimizationsettingsDefinetransformationrules
9.WhatisLatency?Itisthelengthoftimetoreplicatedata(atableentry)fromthesourcesystemtothetargetsystem.
10.Whatisloggingtable?A table in thesourcesystem that
recordsanychanges toa table that isbeing replicated.Thisensures
thatSLTreplicationservercanreplicatethesechangestothetargetsystem.
11.WhatareTransformationrules?A rule specified in
theAdvancedReplication settings transaction for source tables such
that data is
transformedduringthereplicationprocess.ExampleyoucanspecifyruletoConvertfieldsFillemptyfieldsSkiprecords
12.Whathappenswhenyousetupanewconfiguration?ThedatabaseconnectionisautomaticallycreatedalongwithGUIDandMasstransferid(MT_ID).
AschemaGUIDensuresthatconfigurationswiththesameschemanamecanbecreated.TheMasstransferIDisusedinthenamingofSLTjobsandthesystemcanuniquelyidentifyaschema.
13.Whatfactorsinfluencethechange/increasethenumberofjobs?NumberofconfigurationsmanagedbytheSLTreplicationserverNumberoftablestobeloaded/replicatedforeachconfigurationExpectedspeedofinitialloadExpectedreplicationlatencytime.Asaruleofthumb,oneBDGjobshouldbeusedforeach10tablesinreplicationtoachieveacceptablelatencytimes.
14.WhentochangethenumberofDataTransferjobs?Ifthespeedoftheinitialload/replicationlatencytimeisnotsatisfactoryIfSLT
replicationserverhasmore resources than initiallyavailable,wecan
increase thenumberofdata
transferand/orinitialloadjobsAfterthecompletionoftheinitialload,wemaywanttoreducethenumberofinitialloadjobs
15.Whatarethejobsinvolvedinreplicationprocess?
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1.MasterJob(IUUC_MONITOR_)2.MasterControllingJob(IUUC_REPLIC_CNTR_)3.DataLoadJob(DTL_MT_DATA_LOAD__)4.MigrationObjectDefinitionJob(IUUC_DEF_MIG_OBJ_)5.AccessPlanCalculationJob(ACC_PLAN_CALC__)
16.WhatistherelationbetweenthenumberofdatatransferjobsintheconfigurationsettingsandtheavailableBGDworkprocesses?Each
job occupies 1BGDwork processes inSLT replication server. For each
configuration, the
parameterDataTransferJobsrestrictsthemaximumnumberofdataloadjobforeachmasstransferID(MT_ID).
AmasstransferIDrequiresatleast4backgroundjobstobeavailable:OnemasterjobOnemastercontrollerjobAtleastonedataloadjobOneadditionaljobeitherformigration/accessplancalculation/tochangeconfigurationsettingsinConfigurationandMonitoringDashboard.
17.If you set the parameter data transfer jobs to 04 in a
configuration SCHEMA1, amass transfer ID 001
isassigned.Thenwhatjobsshouldbeinthesystem?1Masterjob(IUUC_MONITOR_SCHEMA1)1MasterControllerjob(IUUC_REPL_CNTR_001_0001)Atmost4paralleljobsforMT_ID001(DTL_MT_DATA_LOAD_001_01/~02/~03/~04)
Performance:Iflotsoftablesareselectedforload/replicationatthesametime,itmayhappenthattherearenotenough
background jobs available to start the load procedure for all
tables immediately. In this case you
canincreasethenumberofinitialloadjobs,otherwisetableswillbehandledsequentially.
For tables with large volume of data, you can use the
transaction Advanced Replication
Settings(IUUC_REPL_CONT)tofurtheroptimizetheloadandreplicationprocedurefordedicatedtables.
18.WhathappensaftertheSLTreplicationisover?TheSLTreplicationservercreates1user,4roles,2storedproceduresand8tables.1User1Privilege4Roles_DATA_PROV_POWER_USER_USER_ADMIN
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_SELECT2StoredproceduresRS_GRANT_ACCESS,RS_REVOKE_ACCESS8TablesDD02L,
DD02T, RS_LOG_FILES, RS_MESSAGES, RS_ORDER, RS_ORDER_EXT,
RS_SCHEMA_MAP,RS_STATUS
19.Whatarethedifferentreplicationscenarios?Load,Replicate,Stop,SuspendandResume.Beforeyouselectanyapplicationtable,theinitialloadofthetablesDD02L,DD02T&DD08Lmustbecompletedastheycontainthemetadatainformation.
Load:Startsaninitialloadofreplicationdatafromthesourcesystem.Theprocedureisaonetimeevent.Afteritiscompleted,furtherchangestothesourcesystemdatabasewillnotbereplicated.
Fortheinitialloadprocedure,neitherdatabasetriggersnorloggingtablesarecreatedinthesourcesystem.Defaultsettings
use reading type 3 (DB_SETGET) with up to 3 background jobs in
parallel to load tables in parallel
orsubsequentlyintotheHANAsystem.
Replicate:Combinesaninitialloadprocedureandthesubsequentreplicationprocedure(realtimeorscheduled).
Beforethe initial
loadprocedurewillstart,databasetriggerandrelated
loggingtablearecreatedforeachtable
inthesourcesystemaswellasinSLTreplicationserver.
StopReplication:Stopsanycurrentloadorreplicationprocessofatable.
Thestop functionwill remove thedatabase triggerandrelated
logging tablescompletely.Onlyuse this function
ifyoudowanttocontinueaselectedtableotherwiseyoumustinitiallyloadthetableagaintoensuredataconsistency.
Suspend: Pauses a table from a running replication. The database
trigger will not be deleted from the
sourcesystem.Therecordingofchangeswillcontinueandrelatedinformationisstoredintherelatedloggingtablesinthesourcesystem.
Ifyoususpendtablesforalongtimethesizeofloggingtablesmayincreaseandadjustthetablespaceifrequired.
Resume:Restarts theapplication forasuspended
table.Theprevioussuspendedreplicationwillbe
resumed(nonewinitialloadrequired).
20.WhathappensifthereplicationissuspendedforalongperiodoftimeorsystemoutageofSLTorHANAsystem?
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Thesizeoftheloggingtablesincreases.
21.Howtoavoidunnecessarylogginginformationfrombeingstored?Pausethereplicationbystoppingtheschemarelatedjobs.
22.WillthetablesizeinSAPHANAdatabaseandinthesourcesystemthesame?NoasHANAdatabasesupportscompression.
23.Whentogofortablepartitioning?If the tablesize
inHANAdatabaseexceeds2billion records,split the
tablebyusingportioning
featuresbyusingAdvancedreplicationsettings(transactionIUUC_REPL_CONT,tabpageIUUC_REPL_TABSTG).
24.Wheredoyoudefinetransformationrules?ByusingAdvancedreplicationsettings(transactionIUUC_REPL_CONT,tabpageIUUCASSRULEMAP)
25.ArethereanyspecialconsiderationsifthesourcesystemisnonSAPsystem?TheconceptoftriggerbasedreplicationisactuallymeantforSAPsourcesystems.Themaindifferencesare:TherewillbeadatabaseconnectionbetweennonSAPsourceandSLTsysteminsteadofRFC.SourcemusthaveprimarykeyTablesDD02L,DD02Twhichcontainsmetadataarejustinitiallyloadedbutnotreplicated.ThereadmodulesresideonSLTsystem.Tableswithdatabasespecificformatsmayneedtransformationrulesbeforetheyarereplicated.OnlySAPsupporteddatabases(withrespectiveDBSLforSAPNetWeaver7.02)aresupportedasnonSAPsourcesystems.
26.Whatarethepotentialissuesinthecreationofconfiguration?MissingaddonDMIS_2010insourcesystemMissingtheproperroleofSAP_IUUC_REPL_REMOTEforRFCuser(SAP_IUUC_USERforSLTsystem)Logoncredentialsarenotcorrect
27.HowcanyouensurethatdataisconsistentinsourcesystemandHANAsystem?Since
any changes in the source system is tracked in dedicated logging
tables, the replication status for eachchangeddata record is
transparent.Aentryof logging table isdeletedafterasuccessful commit
statement
fromHANAdatabaseandthisprocedureensuresthedataconsistencybetweensourcesystemandHANAsystem.
28.DoesSLTforSAPHANAsupportdatacompressionlikeSAPHANAdatabase?Yes,thisisautomaticallycoveredbytheRFCconnectionusedfordatareplicationfromtheSAPsourcesystem.
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Questionsonlimits1.Maximumnumberoftablesinaschema?131072
2.Whatcanbethemaximumtablenamelength?127characters
3.Whatcanbethemaximumcolumnnamelength?127characters
4.Whatcanbethemaximumnumberofcolumnsinatable?1000
5.Whatcanbethemaximumnumberofcolumnsinaview?1000
6.Whatcanbethemaximumnumberofpartitionsofacolumntable?1000
7.Whatcanbethemaximumnumberofrowsineachtable?LimitedbystoragesizeRS:1TB/sizeof(row)CS:2^31*numberofpartitions
8.Inwhichtableyoucangetthecurrentsystemlimits?M_SYSTEM_LIMITS
9.MaximumnumberofjobsyoucanviewtheinformationintheCurrenttabofJoblog?5
QuestionsonSQLScript
1.WhatisSQLScript?It
isasetofSQLextensionsforSAPHANAdatabasewhichallowdeveloperstopushdata
intensive logic intothedatabase.
2.WhenshouldbeSQLScriptused?ItshouldbeusedincaseswhereothermodelingconstructsofHANAsuchasAttributeviewsorAnalyticviewsarenotsufficient.
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3.ExplainhowSQLScriptprocedureisprocessedinHANAdatabase?Whenausercreatesanewprocedure,theHANAdatabasequerycompilerfirst:ParsethestatementsCheckthestatementsemanticcorrectnessOptimizethecodeforDeclarativeandImperativelogicCodegenerationcreatesCalculationmodelsforDeclarativelogicandLnodesforImperativelogicCompiledprocedurecreatesContentinthedatabaseCatalogandinRepository.
4.Whathappenswhenyoucompiletheprocedure?Duringcompilation,thecalltotheprocedureisrewrittenforprocessingbythecalculationengine.5.Whathappenswhenyouexecutetheprocedure?Itbindstheactualparameterstothecalculationmodelsgeneratedinthedefinitionphase.
6.WhatarethedatatypessupportedinSQLScript?SQLScriptallowsthedefinitionsoftabletypesandalsosupportsprimitivedatatypessuchasInteger,Decimal(p,q),Varchar,Blob,Timestamp,etc.
7.Whatisatabletype?Tabletypesareusedtodefineparametersforaprocedurethatrepresenttabularresults.Example:CREATE
TYPE tt_publishers AS TABLE ( publisher INTEGER, name VARCHAR(50),
price DECIMAL,
cntINTEGER)CREATETYPEtt_yearsASTABLE(yearVARCHAR(4),priceDECIMAL,cntINTEGER)
8.Whatisthegeneralsyntaxusedincreatingprocedure?CREATEPROCEDURE[()][LANGUAGE][SQLSECURITY][READSSQLDATA[WITHRESULTVIEW]]ASBEGINEND
9.Howtorecompileaprocedure?ALTERPROCEDUREproc_nameRECOMPILE[WITHPLAN]
10.Canyouspecifyadefaultvaluewhilecreatingprocedure?Isthereanychangewhilecallingtheprocedure?CREATEPROCEDUREmy_proc(INP1INT,INP2INTDEFAULT1,
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OUTout1DUMMY)ASBEGINout1=SELECT:P1+:P2ASDUMMYFROMDUMMYENDWhilecallingtheprocedure,weneedtopass'NamedParameters'withtoken(=>).CALLmy_proc(P1=>3,out1=>?)Ifyouwanttospecifyalltheinputfieldsthencallstatementwouldbe:CALLmy_proc(3,4,?)
11.Whatisthepurposeofprocedure'Call...WithOverview'option?Towritetheresultsofaprocedurecalldirectlyintoaphysicaltable.CALLmy_proc(3,4,NULL)WITHOVERVIEW
12.Whatisthepurposeofprocedure'Call.....InDebugMode'option?It
creates theadditionaldebug informationduring theexecutionof
theprocedure.This
typeofcallhasadditionalruntimeoverheadhenceshouldbeusedfordebuggingpurposesonly.CALLmy_proc(3,4,NULL)INDEBUGMODE
13.WhatisTablevariable?Thesearevariableswith table
typewhicharebound to thevalueofaphysical
table,SQLqueryoracalculationengineplanoperator.Tablevariablesareboundusingequalityoperator.
14.Whatisascalarvariable?WedefinescalarvariableasIN,OUT,orINOUTandcanbereferencedanywhereinaprocedure.lt_expensive_books=SELECTtitle,price,crcyFROM:it_booksWHEREprice>:minPriceANDcrcy=:currencyInaboveassignment,
thevariable lt_expensive_books isbound.Variable :it_booksrefers
toanINparameterofaTabletype.:minPriceand:currencyrefertoINparameterofascalartype.
15.WhatisCEplanoperator?Whatarethedifferentcategories?CEplan
operator does the data transformation functionality internally and
used in definition of functions. It is
analternatetousingSQLstatements.DataSourceAccessoperatorsthatbindacolumntableoracolumnviewtoatablevariable.(CE_COLUMN_TABLE,CE_JOIN_VIEW,CE_OLAP_VIEW,CE_CALC_VIEW)RelationaloperatorsthatallowausertobypasstheSQLprocessorduringevaluationanddirectlyexecutedinthecalculationengine.
(CE_JOIN, CE_LEFT_OUTER_JOIN, CE_RIGHT_OUTER_JOIN,
CE_PROJECTION,CE_CALC,CE_AGGREGATION,CE_UNION_ALL)Specialextensionsimplement,e.g.,crucialbusinessfunctionsinsidethedatabasekernel.
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(CE_VERTICAL_UNION,CE_CONVERSION)
16.WhatisCE_COLUMN_TABLEoperator?It providesaccess toanexisting
column table. It takes thenameof the tableand returns its
contentbound toavariable.
Example:ot_books1=CE_COLUMN_TABLE(BOOKS)ot_books2=CE_COLUMN_TABLE(BOOKS,[TITLE,PRICE,CRCY])
ThisexampleonlyworksonacolumntableanddoesnotinvoketheSQLprocessor.Itissemanticallyequivalenttothefollowing:ot_books3=SELECT*FROMbooksot_books4=SELECTtitle,price,crcyFROMbooks
Thefunctionthatprovidedatasourceaccessdoesnotallowrenamingofattributes.
17.WhatisCE_JOIN_VIEWoperator?Itreturnresultsforanexistingjoinview(alsoknownasAttributeview).Ittakesthenameofjoinviewandoptionallistofattributesasparameters.
Example:out=CE_JOIN_VIEW(PRODUCT_SALES,[PRODUCT_KEY,PRODUCT_TEXT,SALES])
18.WhatisCE_OLAP_VIEWoperator?ItreturnresultsforanexistingOLAPview(alsoknownasAnalyticalview).IttakesthenameofOLAPviewandanoptional
listofkey figuresanddimensionsasparameters.TheOLAPview
isgroupedbydimensionsand
thekeyfiguresareaggregatedusingthedefaultaggregationoftheOLAPview.
Example:out=CE_OLAP_VIEW(OLAP_view,[Dim1,kf])Isequivalenttoout=SELECTdim1,SUM(kf)FROMOLAP_viewGROUPBYdim1
19.WhatisCE_CALC_VIEWoperator?Itreturnsresultsforanexistingcalculationview.Ittakesthenameofthecalculationviewandoptionallyaprojectionlistofattributenames.
Example:
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out=CE_CALC_VIEW(CALC_view,[CID,CNAME])Isequivalenttoout=SELECTcid,cnameFROMCALC_view
20.WhatisCE_JOINoperator?Itcalculatesainnerjoinofthegivenpairoftablesonalistofjoinattributes.Eachpairofjoinattributesmusthaveidenticalattributenameselseoneofthemmustberenamedpriortothejoin.
Example:ot_pubs_books1=CE_JOIN(:lt_pubs,:it_books,[PUBLISHER])ot_pubs_books2=CE_JOIN(:lt_pubs,:it_books,[PUBLISHER],[TITLE,NAME,PUBLISHER,YEAR])
Isequivalenttoot_pubs_books3=SELECTP.publisheraspublisher,name,street,post_code,city,country,isbn,title,edition,year,price,crcyFROM:lt_pubsASP,:it_booksasBWHEREP.publisher=B.publisherot_pubs_books4=SELECTtitle,name,P.publisheraspublisher,yearFROM:lt_pubsASP,:it_booksASBWHEREP.publisher=B.publisher
21.WhatisCE_LEFT_OUTER_JOINoperator?Itcalculatestheleftouterjoin.BesidesthefunctionnamethesyntaxissameasCE_JOIN.
22.WhatisCE_RIGHT_OUTER_JOINoperator?Itcalculatestherightouterjoin.BesidesthefunctionnamethesyntaxissameasCE_JOIN.
23.WhatisCE_PROJECTIONoperator?It restricts the columns in the
table variable andoptionally renames columns, computes expression,
or applies afilter.
Example:ot_books1=CE_PROJECTION(:it_books,[TITLE,PRICE,CRCYASCURRENCY],'PRICE>50')Isequivalenttoot_books2=SELECTtitle,price,crcyAScurrencyFROM:it_booksWHEREprice>50
24.WhatisCE_CALCoperator?Itevaluatesanexpressionandthenboundtoanewcolumn
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Example:with_tax=CE_PROJECTION(:product,[CID,CNAME,OID,SALES,CE_CALC('SALES*:vat_rate',decimal(10,2))ASSALES_VAT],''CNAME=':cname''')Isequivalentto
with_tax2=SELECTcid,cname,oid,sales,sales*:vat_rateASsales_vatFROM:productWHEREcname=':cname'
All columns used in CE_CALC have to be included in the
projection list. Another frequent use of CE_CALC
iscomputingrownumbers.CE_CALC('rownum()',integer)AS"RANK"
25.WhatisCE_AGGREGATIONoperator?Itgroupstheinputandcomputesaggregatesforeachgroup.Supportedaggregatefunctionsarecount(column),sum(column),max(column),min(column).Usesum(column)/count(column)tocomputetheaverage.
Example:ot_books1=CE_AGGREGATION(:it_books,[COUNT(PUBLISHER)ASCNT],[YEAR])
Isequivalenttoot_books2=SELECTCOUNT(publisher)ascnt,yearFROM:it_booksGROUPBYyear
26.WhatisCE_UNION_ALLoperator?Itcomputestheunionoftwotableswhichneedtohaveidenticalschemas.
Example:ot_all_books1=CE_UNION_ALL(:lt_books,:it_audit_books)Isequivalenttoot_all_books2=SELECT*FROM:lt_booksUNIONALLSELECT*FROM:it_audit_books
27.Whatisspecialoperator?CE_VERTICAL_UNIONandCE_CONVERSIONare
the special operatorswhich do not have any
immediateSQLequivalent.
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28.WhatoperatorisusedtodebugSQLScriptprocedures?TRACEoperaor.Ittracesthetabulardatapassedasitsargumentintoalocaltemporarytableandreturnitsinputunmodified.ThenamesofthetemporarytablescanberetrievedfromtheSYS.SQLSCRIPT_TRACEview.
Example:out=TRACE(:input)
29.Howtosetuptracing?FromtheAdministrationperspective,navigatetotabTraceConfiguration.Inordertochangesettings,youneedtohavesystemprivilegesTRACEADMINandINFILEADMIN.
30.WhatisthedifferencebetweenBREAKandCONTINUE?Breakmeansloopshouldstopprocessing,CONTINUEmeansloopshouldstopprocessingthecurrentiterationandimmediatelystartprocessingthenextiteration.
31.WhatisCursor?Itisusedtofetchsinglerowsfromtheresultsetreturnedbyaquery.CREATEPROCEDUREcursor_procLANGUAGESQLSCRIPTASv_isbnVARCHAR(20)CURSORc_cursor1(v_isbnVARCHAR(20))FORSELECTisbn,title,price,crcyFROMbooksWHEREisbn=:v_isbnORDERBYisbnBEGINOPENc_cursor1('9783868940121')IFc_cursor1::ISCLOSEDTHENCALLins_msg_proc('WRONG:cursornotopen')ELSECALLins_msg_proc('OK:cursoropen')ENDIFFETCHc_cursor1INTOv_isbn,v_title,v_price,v_crcyIFc_cursor1::NOTFOUNDTHENCALLins_msg_proc('WRONG:cursorcontainsnovaliddata')ELSECALLins_msg_proc('OK:cursorcontainsvaliddata')ENDIFCLOSEc_cursor1END
32.Howtoloopcursoroverresultsets?UsingFORloop.CREATEPROCEDUREforeach_proc()LANGUAGESQLSCRIPTASv_isbnVARCHAR(20):=''CURSORc_cursor1(v_isbnVARCHAR(20))FOR
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SELECTisbn,title,price,crcyFROMbooksORDERBYisbnBEGINFORcur_rowasc_cursor1DOCALLins_msg_proc('booktitleis:'||cur_row.title)ENDFOREND
QuestionsonModeler1.WhatarethetwodeveloperrolesinHANASPS05?ThetwodeveloperrolesareModelerandApplicationProgrammer.
Modeler:modelerisconcernedwiththedefinitionofmodelandschemasusedintheSAPHANA,thespecificationand
definition of tables, views, primary keys, indexes, partitions and
interrelationship of the data, designing
anddefiningauthorizationandaccesscontrolthroughthespecificationofprivileges,rolesandusersandgenerallyusestheperspectiveAdministrationConsoleandModeler.
ApplicationProgrammer:ProgrammerisconcernedwithbuildingSAPHANAapplicationswhicharedesignedbasedonMVC(modelviewcontroller)architectureandgenerallyusestheperspectiveSAPHANADevelopment.
2.ExplainHANAdatabaseArchitecture(SP05)?ClientsconnecttothedatabasesystemwhichformsasessionwithinthedatabaseintheformofSQLstatements.IntheHANAdatabase,eachSQLstatementisprocessedinthecontextofatransaction.Newsessionsareassignedtoanewtransaction.
TraditionaldatabaseapplicationsusesJDBCandODBCinterfacetocommunicatewiththedatabasemanagementsystemoveranetworkconnectionandapplicationusesSQLtomanageandquerythedatastoredinthedatabase.IntheHANAdatabaseIndexserveristhemaincomponentofdatabasemanagementwhichcontainstheactualdatastoresandtheenginesforprocessingthedata.The
indexserverprocesses incomingSQLorMDXstatements
inthecontextoftransaction.
TheTransactionmanagercoordinatesdatabasetransactions,andkeepstrackofrunningandclosedtransactions.When
a transaction is committed or rolled back, the transaction manager
informs the involved storage
enginesaboutthiseventsotheycanexecutenecessaryactions.
TheHANAdatabasehas itsownscripting languagecalledSQLScript that
isdesigned
toenableoptimizationandparallelization.HANAsupportstheBusinessFunctionalLibrary(BFL)andPredictiveAnalysisLibrary(PAL)andcanbecalleddirectlyfromwithinSQLScript.ItalsosupportsthedevelopmentofprogramswritteninRlanguage.
SQL and SQLScript are implemented using a common infrastructure
of Builtin functions. That have access to
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various meta definitions such as definitions of relational
tables, columns, views, and indexes, definitions
ofSQLScriptprocedures.ThisMetadataisstoredinonecommoncatalog(rowstoreorcolumnstore).
ThePersistence layerensures that thedatabaseaftera restart is
restored to themost recentcommittedstate. Ituses a combination of
writeahead logs, shadow paging and save points. The persistence
layer also
containsLoggerthatmanagesthetransactionlog.TheIndexserverusesthePreprocessorServerforanalyzingthetextdataandextractingtheinformationbasedontextsearchcapabilities.TheNameServerknowswherethecomponentsarerunningandwhichdataislocatedonwhichserver.TheStatisticsServercollectsinformationaboutstatus,performanceandresourceconsumptionfromotherserversinthesystem.
3.WhatisSAPXS(ExtendedApplicationService)?SAPHANAXSprovidesendtoendsupportforwebbasedapplications.
4.WhatareDevelopmentobjects?ThebuildingblocksofSAPHANAapplicationsarecalleddevelopmentobjects.
5.WhatisRepository?TheHANARepositoryisstoragesystemfordevelopmentobjectsandisbuiltintoSAPHANA.The
repository supportsVersioncontrol,Transport,
andSharingofobjectsbetweenmultipledevelopers.Wecanadd objects to
the repository, update the objects, publish the objects, and
compile these objects into runtimeobjects.
6.WhatarethedifferentperspectivesavailableinHANA?Modeler:usedforcreatingvarioustypesofviewsandanalyticalprivileges.SAPHANADevelopment:UsedforprogrammingapplicationsforcreatingdevelopmentobjectstoaccessorupdatedatamodelssuchasServersideJavascriptorHTMLfiles.Administration:Usedtomonitorthesystemandchangesettings.Debug:UsedtodebugcodesuchasSQLScript(.procedurefiles)orServersideJavascript(.xsjsfiles).
Toopenaperspective,gotoWindowOpenPerspective.
7.Before starting developmentwork in SAPHANA studio,What are the
roles a user should have
onSAPHANAserver?Modeling,Content_Admin.
8.WhatisaDeliveryUnit?Deliveryunit(DU)isacontainerusedbytheLifeCycleManager(LCM)totransportrepositoryobjectsbetweenthe
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SAPHANAsystems.ThenameofDUmustcontainonlycapitalletters(AZ),digits(09)andunderscores(_).9.Whatisaworkspace?Theplacewhereyouworkonprojectrelatedobjectsiscalledarepositoryworkspace.
10.Whatisapackageanditstypes?PackageisusedtogrouptogetherrelatedcontentobjectsinSAPHANAstudio.BydefaultitcreatesNonstructural.TypeDescriptionStructuralPackageonlycontainssubpackages.Itcannotcontainrepositoryobjects.NonStructuralPackagecontainsbothrepositoryobjectsandsubpackages.
11.Whatarethedefaultpackagesdeliveredwiththerepository?SapSystemlocalSystemlocal.generatedSystemlocal.private
12.Whatcanbethemaximumlengthofapackagename?190charactersincludingdots.Example:RajKumar.pkg123
13.Whatarepackageprivileges?REPO.READ:Readaccesstotheselectedpackageanddesigntimeobjects(bothnativeandimported).REPO.EDIT_NATIVE_OBJECTS:Authorizationtomodifydesigntimeobjectsinpackagesoriginatinginthesystemtheuserisworkingin.REPO.ACTIVATE_NATIVE_OBJECTS:
Authorization to activate/reactivate designtime objects in
packageoriginatinginthesystemtheuserisworkingin.REPO.MAINTAIN_NATIVE_PACKAGES:Authorizationtoupdateordeletenativepackagesorcreatesubpackagesofpackagesoriginatinginthesysteminwhichtheuserisworking.
14.Howeachobjectisuniquelyidentifiedintherepository?Eachobjectisuniquelyidentifiedbythecombinationofpackagename,objectnameandobjecttype.
15.Canmultipleobjectsofthesametypecanhavethesameobjectname?Yes,onlywhentheybelongtodifferentpackages.
16.WhatarethedifferenttasksyoucanperforminsettingupthebasispersistencemodelforSAPHANAXS?CreatingSchema,CreatingTable,CreatingView,CreatingSequenceandImportingtablecontent.
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17.Whatarethedifferenttasksyoucanperforminmodelerperspective?Import
metadata, Load data, Create packages, Create information views,
Create Procedures, Create
Analyticalprivileges,ImportSAPNetWeaverBWobjects,CreateDecisionTables,ImportandExportobjects.
18.Whatarethesupportedobjecttypesinmodelerperspective?Attribute
views, Analytical views, Calculation views, Analytical privileges,
Procedures, Decision tables, ProcessVisibilityScenario.
19.Whatarethedifferentmodelerpreferencesandhowdoyouset?YoucansetthemodelerpreferencesbychoosingthemenuWindowPreferencesModeler(or)QuicklaunchManagePreferences.
20.WhytoconfigureImportserver?InordertoloaddatadatafromexternalsourcestoSAPHANAweneedtoestablishaconnectionwiththeserver.Toconnect,
we need to provide details of Business Objects Data Services
repository and ODBC drivers. Once
theconnectionisestablished,wecanimportthetablesdefinitionandthenloaddataintotabledefinitions.
QuicklaunchConfigureImportServerEntertheIPaddressoftheserverfromwhichyouwanttoimportdataEntertherepositorynameEntertheODBCdatasource,andchooseOK.
21.HowtoImporttabledefinitions?Ifyouwanttoimportalltabledefinitions,GotoFilemenuChooseImportExpandtheSAPHANAContentnodeChooseMassImportofMetadataandchoosenextSelectthetargetsystemwhereyouwanttoimportallthetabledefinitions,andchoosenextIntheConnectionsDetailsDialog,entertheusernameandpasswordofthetargetsystemSelecttherequiredsourcesystemandchooseFinish.Note:IfyouwanttoimportselectivetabledefinitionsuseSelectiveImportofMetadata.22.Howtoloaddataintotables?QuickLaunchDataProvisioningChooseSourceChooseLoad(forInitialload)orReplicate(fordatareplication)SelecttherequiredtablestoloadorreplicateClickFinish.
23.HowtouploaddatafromFlatfiles?
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FilemenuImportIn'SelectanImportSource'section,expandthe'SAPHANAContent'nodeSelect'DatafromLocalfile'andchooseNextSelecttheTargetsystemtowhichyouwanttoimportthedatausingFlatfile,chooseNextIn'DefinePropertiesImportPage'browsethefilecontainingthedataSelect'New'option(Ifyouwanttoloadthedataintoanewtable)orSelectthe'Existing'option(Ifyouwanttoappendthedatatoanexistingtable)ClickFinish.
24.HowtocopystandardcontentdeliveredbySAP?QuickLaunchMassCopyCreateamappingbetweensourcepackageandtargetpackageChooseNexttoviewthesummaryClickFinishtoconfirmcontentcopy.
25.WhatisSchemamapping?HowdoyoudoSchemamapping?Schemamappingisdonewhenthephysicalschemainthetargetsystemisnotthesameasthephysicalschemainthesourcesystem.
QuickLaunchSchemaMappingChooseAddCreateamappingintheTargetsystembetweentheAuthoringschemaandPhysicalschemaClickOK.
Note:Schemamappingonlyappliestoreferencesfromrepositoryobjectstocatalogonjects.Itisnotintendedtobeusedforrepositorytorepositoryreferences.
26.Inwhichconfigurationtable,themappingbetweenauthoringandphysicalschemaisstored?SYS_BI.M_SCHEMA_MAPPING
27.What'sthepurposeofGeneratingTimeData?Ifyoumodela
timeattributeviewwithoutgenerating
timedata,anemptyviewwillbeshownwhenyouusedatapreview.TogenerateTimeDatagotoQuickLaunchGenerateTimeDataIfyourfinancialyearisfromJanuarytoDecember,Choose'CalenderType'asGregorianelseFiscalClickGenerate.
28.Inwhichconfigurationtablethegeneratedtimedatainformationwillbestored?ForGregoriancalendartype(SYS_BI)
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M_TIME_DIMENSION_YEARM_TIME_DIMENSION_MONTHM_TIME_DIMENSION_WEEKM_TIME_DIMENSIONForFiscalM_FISCAL_CALENDAR
29.WhatisanAttribute?Attributerepresentsthedescriptivedatausedinmodeling.Example:City,Country,etc.
30.WhatisaSimpleAttribute?Simple attributes are individual
analytical elements that are derived from the data foundation. For
exampleProduct_ID,Product_NameareattributesofaProductsubjectarea.
31.WhatisaCalculatedAttribute?Calculatedattributesarederived
fromoneormoreexistingattributesor constants.For examplederiving the
fullnameof a customer (first nameand last name), assigning a
constant value to an attribute that can be used
forarithmeticcalculations.
32.WhatisaPrivateAttribute?Privateattributesusedinananalyticalviewallowyoutocustomizethebehaviorofanattributeforonlythatview.Forexampleifyoucreateananalyticalviewandyouwantaparticularattributetobehavedifferentlythanitdoesintheattributeviewtowhichitbelongs,youcandefineitasaprivateattribute.
33.WhatisaMeasure?MeasuresaresimplemeasurableanalyticalelementsandarederivedfromAnalyticandCalculationviews.
34.WhatisaSimpleMeasure?SimpleMeasureisameasurableanalyticalelementthatisderivedfromthedatafoundation.
35.WhatisaCalculatedMeasure?Calculated Measures are defined
based on a combination of data from OLAP cubes, arithmetic
operators,constants,andfunctions.
36.WhatisaRestrictedMeasure?RestrictedmeasuresareusedtofilterthevalueforanoutputfieldbasedontheuserdefinedrulesForexampleyoucanrestricttherevenuecolumnonlyforRegion=APJ,Year=2013.
37.WhatareCounters?CountersaddanewmeasuretotheCalculationviewdefinitiontocounttherecurrenceofanattribute.Forexample,tocounthowmanytimesProductappears.
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38.WhatisanAttributeView?Attribute views are used tomodel entity
based on the relationships between attribute data contained
inmultiplesourcetables.YoucanmodelColumns,CalculatedcolumnsandHierarchies.
AlsoyoucanfinetunetheattributesofanAttributeview:CanapplyfiltertorestrictvaluesCanbedefinedasHiddensothattheycanbeprocessedbutnotvisibletoendusersCanbedefinedaskeyattributesandusedwhenjoiningmultipletablesCanbefurtherdrilldownby'DrillDownEnable'property.
39.WhatarethetablestobeimportedforcreatingattributeviewoftypeTime?T009andT009B.
40.WhatisLabelMapping?We can choose to associate an attribute
with another attribute description. Label mapping is also called
asDescriptionmapping. For example if A1has a label columnB1, then
you can renameB1 toA1.description.
Therelatedcolumnsappearsidebysideduringdatapreview.
41.WhathappenswhenoneofthetableinAttributeviewhasmodifiedcolumnwithdatatype?It
reflects thepreviousstateof thecolumns,even ifyou removeandadd
itagain. It is referring to
thecache.Toresolvethisissueclosetheeditorandreopenit.
42.Whathappenswhenyouopenanattributeviewwithamissingcolumnintherequiredobject?Anerrorwill
be shown column is not found in table schemaname.tablename and the
editor doesnot open.Tomakeitconsistent
Opentherequiredobjectandaddthemissingcolumn/attribute/measuretemporarilyNowopentheobjectwhichwaspreviouslygivingerrorFindallreferencestothiscolumn,SavetheobjectNowgoaheadanddeletethecolumnfromtherequiredobject.
43.WhatisanAnalyticview?Analyticviewsareusedtomodeldatathatincludesmeasures.Incaseofmultipletables,measuresmustoriginatefrom
only one of these tables (central table). You
canmodelColumns,Calculated columns,Restricted
columns,Variables,andInputparameters.
AlsoyoucanfinetunetheattributesofanAnalyticview:Canapplyfiltertorestrictvalues
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CanbedefinedasHiddensothattheycanbeprocessedbutnotvisibletoendusersCanbedefinedaskeyattributesandusedwhenjoiningmultipletablesCanbefurtherdrilldownby'DrillDownEnable'propertyYoucanmodelAggregationtypeonmeasuresYoucanmodelCurrencyandUnitofMeasure.
44.CanweincludeAttributeviewsinAnalyticviewdefinition?Yes
45.WhatdoestheScenariopanelofAnalyticvieweditorcontains?DataFoundation:representsthetablesusedfordefiningthefacttableoftheview.Youcanspecifythecentraltablebyselectingavaluein'CentralEntity'property.LogicalJoin:representstherelationbetweenfacttableandattributeviewstocreatestartschema.Semantics:representstheoutputstructureoftheview.
46.Whatdoestheaggregationtype'CalculateBeforeAggregation'mean?Ifyouselect
'CalculateBeforeAggregation', thecalculationhappensasper
theexpressionspecifiedandthentheresultsareaggregatedasSUM,MAX,MIN,orCOUNT.
If it is NOTselected, thecalculationhappensasper
theexpressionspecifiedbutthedataisnotaggregatedbutshownasFORMULA.
47.Howtoactivatetheotherobjects(requiredorimpactedobjects)alongwithcurrentobject?Byusing'SaveandActivateAll'optioninthetoolbar.
48.CanyouaddcolumnviewstoAnalyticviewandCalculationview?WecanaddcolumnviewsinaCalculationviewbutnotintheAnalyticview.
49.Consider there is a table that contains product ID'swith no
product description and youhavea text table
forproductsthathaslanguagespecificdescriptionforeachproduct?Howcanyougetthelanguagespecificdata?Createatextjoinbetweenthesetwotables.TherighttableshouldbethetexttableandismandatorytospecifytheLanguageColumninthe'Properties'view.
50.Whataretherestrictionswhilecreatingthejoinbetweentheviewsandfacttable?Atableshouldnotappeartwiceinanyjoinpath,i.e.Selfjoinisnotsupported.WhilecreatingjoinbetweenAnalyticviewandAttributeviewthesametablecannotbeusedinboththeviews.
51.WhatisCalculationview?Calculationviewismoreadvancedsliceofthedataandcanincludemeasuresfrommultiplesourceoftables,caninclude
advancedSQL logic. The data foundation of the calculation view can
include any combination of
tables,columnviews,attributeviewsandanalyticviews.Wecancreatejoins,unions,projections,andaggregationlevelson
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thesources.YoucanmodelAttributes,Measures,Calculatedmeasures,Counters,Hierarchies(createdoutsideoftheattributeview),VariablesandInputparameters.
52.Calculationviewsaremodeledbasedonwhat?GraphicalviewsorScriptedviewsbutnotasSQLScript.Howeverthereareexceptionstothisrule.SQLScriptwiththefollowingpropertiescanbeusedinCalculationview:NoinputparametersAlwaysReadonly(donotmakechangestodatabase)Sideeffectfree.
53.Whataretheoptionavailablein'RunWith'whilecreatingcalculationview?Definer'sRight,Invoker'sRight.Definersright:Systemusestherightsofthedefinerwhileexecutingthevieworprocedureforanyuser.Invokersright:Systemusestherightsofthecurrentuserwhileexecutingthevieworprocedure.
54.WhilecreatingaGraphicalCalculationview,whataretheoptionsavailableinToolspalette?Union,Join,Projection,andAggregation.Note:YoucanhaveonlyonesourceofinputforProjectionandAggregationviews.YoucancreatefiltersonProjectionandAggregationviewattributes.
55.HowtocreateCountersinGraphicalCalculationview?Forexampletogetthenumberofdistinctvaluesofanattribute:GototheOutputpane,rightclickCountersFromthecontextmenu,chooseNewChooseAttributeClickok.
56.IsitmandatorytoincludemeasuresforCalculationview?No.Calculationviewcontainingnomeasuresworkslikeanattributeviewandisnotavailableforreportingpurposes.
57.HowdoyoudebugtheCalculationviewwithlotofcomplexityateachlevel?Bypreviewingthedataofanintermediatenode.
58.WhatisMappinginputparameterinCalculationview?It isused
formapping the inputparameters in theunderlyingdatasourcesof
thecalculationviewwithcalculationviewparameters.
59.Incalculationview,Whatistheoption'AutoMapbyName'usedfor?Itautomaticallycreatestheinputparameterscorrespondingtothesourceandperforma1:1mapping.
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60.WhataretheoptionsavailableinSourceinputparameter?CreateNewMap1:1MapbyNameRemoveMapping
61.Consider there are two tables (Actual sales and Planned
sales) with similar structures. I want to see
thecombineddatainasingleviewbutatthesametimehowcanIdifferentiatethedatabetweenthesetwotables
Createaunionview(Graphical)betweenthetwotablesandhavea'Constantcolumn'indicatingconstantvalueslike'A'forActualsalesand'P'forPlannedsales.ThedefaultvaluefortheconstantcolumnisNULL.
62.WhatisaConstantcolumnandhowtocreateit?InaUnionview,aConstantcolumniscreatedfortheoutputattributesforwhichthereisnomappingtothesourceattributes.TocreateConstantcolumn:RightclicktheattributeinthetargetlistChooseManageMappingsTomapthesourcetothetargetcolumn,selecttherequiredsourcefromthedropdownlistToassignadefaultvaluetotheconstantcolumn,enteravalueintheConstantvaluefieldSelecttherequireddatatype,lengthandscaleasrequiredClickok.
63.WhatisthedifferencebetweenHANAVariableandInputparameter?HANAVariablesdonotimpacttheexecutionandusedtofiltertheattributes,forexamplewecanfilteraresulttoaspecificcountryorproductandareappliedintheWHEREclauseoftheSQLquery.HANAInputparametersusedtomanipulatetheexecutionoftheinformationmodel,forexamplecurrencycodesordateswhenexchangerateshavetobecalculatedandarepassedasPLACEHOLDERintheFROMclauseof
theSQLquery.
64.Inwhichconfigurationtableyoucanfindthevariablesinformation?Youcanfindin_SYS_BIschemaBIMC_VARIABLEBIMC_VARIABLE_ASSIGNMENTBIMC_VARIABLE_VIEWBIMC_VARIABLE_VALUE
65.WhatarethedifferenttypesofInputparameterssupported?Attributevalue/ColumnCurrency(AvailableinCalculationviewonly)Date(AvailableinCalculationviewonly)
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StaticlistDerivedfromTable(AvailableinAnalyticandGraphicalCalculationview)EmptyDirectType(AvailableinAnalyticview)
66.Howcanyoucheckwhetheraninputparameterismandatoryornot?FromthepropertiesofInputparameterinthePropertiespane.
67.WhatisHierarchy?We create hierarchies between attributes to
improve analysis by displaying attributes according to their
definedrelationships.Therearetwotypesofhierarchies:
LevelHierarchy:Therootandchildnodesareaccessedonlyinthedefinedorder.Itconsistsofoneormorelevelsofaggregation.Example:WecandrilldownfromCountrytoStateandtoCityetc.
Parent/ChildHierarchy:Thishierarchycontainsaparentattributeandconstructedfromasingleparentattribute.Example:Employeemaster(employeeandmanager).
68.HowtocreateanhierarchyforAnalyticview?HierarchyisnotsupportedinAnalyticviewbutcanbeusedonlyinAttributeviewandCalculationview.
69.Whilecreatinghierarchy,whatdoestheoption'AggregateAllNodes'mean?ForexamplethereisamemberAwithvalue100,A1withvalue10,A2withvalue20whereA1andA2arechildrenofA.Bydefaulttheoption'AggregateAllNodes'issettofalseandyouwillseeavalueof30forA.Whenthisoptionissettotrue,youwillcountthepostedvalue100forAaswellandseearesultof130.
70.HowcanyougenerateaSalesreport foraregion
inaparticularcurrencywhereyouhave thesalesdata
inadatabasetableinadifferentcurrency?CreateanAnalyticviewbyselectingthetablecolumncontainingthesalesdataandcurrencyandperformcurrencyconversion.Oncetheviewisactivated,wecanuseittogeneratereports.
71.Whatarethefactorsthataffectcurrencyconversion?Currency
conversion is performed based on source currency, target currency,
exchange rate, and date ofconversion.Youcanselectcurrency from
theattributedataused in theview.Currencyconversion isenabled
forAnalyticviewandCalculationviews.
72.Whatistheprerequisitefordoingthecurrencyconversion?YouneedtoimporttablesTCURC,TCURF,TCURN,TCURR,TCURT,TCURV,TCURW&TCURX.
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73.WhatistheprerequisiteforUnitofMeasure?YouneedtoimportthetablesT006&T006A.
74.Whathappenswhenyouactivateanobject?Theobjectisexposedtorepositoryandforanalysis.
75.WhatisthedifferencebetweenActivateandRedeploy?ActivateItdeploystheinactiveobjects.RedeployItdeploystheactiveobjects.Youdothiswhenruntimeobjectiscorruptedordeletedandyouwanttocreateitagain.ORwhentheobjectgoesthroughclientlevelactivationandserverlevelactivationbutfailsatMDX,andtheobjectstatusisstillactive.
76.Whatarethesupportedactivationmodes?ActivateandIgnoretheinconsistenciesinimpactedobjectsStopactivationincaseofinconsistenciesinimpactedobjects.
Irrespective of the activation mode, if even one of the selected
objects fails (either during validation or
duringactivation),thecompleteactivationjobfailsandnoneoftheselectedobjectswillbeactivated.
77.Canyouexplainthebehaviorofactivationjob?Thestatusoftheactivationjobindicateswhethertheactivationoftheobjectsissuccessfulorfailed.Incaseoffailure(statusiscompletedwitherrors)theprocessisrolledbackandnoneoftheobjectsareactivatedInthesummarypartthejoblogshowssuccess,eveninthecaseoffailure.Thisistohelptheusertoindicatethatthoseobjectsweresuccessfullyactivatedwithoutanyissues.Whenyouopenthejoblog,thesummarylistonlyshowsthoseobjectsthataresubmittedforactivation.Itdoesnotlistalltheaffectedobjects.Theyarelistedindetailsection.
78.WhatisaDecisiontable?It creates related business rules in a
tabular format for automating the decisions. It helps inmanaging
businessrules,datavalidation,dataquality ruleswithoutany
languageknowledge.Theactiveversionof thedecision
tablecanbeusedinapplications.
Youcreatedecisiontableinapackagejustlikeanyattributeview.Youcancreatefromscratchorfromanexistingdecisiontable.
79.Wheretoseethedetailedreportofthedecisiontable?Inthe'JobLog'sectionyoucanseethevalidationstatusanddetailedreportofthedecisiontable.
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80.Howtoexecutethedecisiontable?Thedecisiontableisexecutedbycallingtheprocedure.
CALL.
CALL.(,...,,?)forConditionasparametersandActionasparameters.
Onexecutionof theprocedure, if noparametersareused thenphysical
table isupdatedbasedon
thedatayouenterintheformofconditionvaluesandactionvalues.
81.ArethereanyrestrictionsonDecisiontabletopreviewthedata?Datapreviewissupportedonlyif:DecisiontableisbasedonphysicaltableandhasatleastoneparameterasactionDecisiontableisbasedonInformationviewandparameter(s)asaction.
82.Howcanyouchangethelayoutofadecisiontable?Youcanchangethelayoutbyarrangingtheconditionandactioncolumns.Bydefaultall
theconditionsappearasvertical columns in thedecision
tableandyoucanmarkaconditionasahorizontal conditionunder
theDecisiontableeditor,choose'ChangeLayout'.
83.Canyouswitchownershipofobjects?We can take the ownership of
objects from other user's workspace only if it is inactive version
of the objectAuthorizationrequired isWork
inForeignWorkspace.Theactiveversion isownedby
theuserwhocreatedandactivatedtheobject.
84.WhatisthedifferencebetweenSwitchOwnershipandTakeOver?SwitchOwnership:Totakemultipleinactiveobjectsfromotherusers.TakeOver:Totakesingleinactiveobjectfromanotherworkspace.
85.Youareworkingonainactiveversionofaobject.Howcanyouviewchangesmadetotheactiveversion?SelecttherequiredobjectinapackageyouareworkingFromthecontextmenu,choose'open'Intheeditorpane,choose'ShowActiveVersion'Comparetheactiveandinactiveversionsoftheobject.
86.Howcanyouviewtheversionhistoryofcontentobjects?Selecttherequiredobjectfromthepackage
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Fromthecontextmenuchoose'History'.
87.WhatisRefactoringObject?RestructuringtheContentobjectswithoutchangingtheirbehavioriscallRefactoring.
88.WhataretheobjectseligibleforRefactoring?Packages,Attributeviews,Analyticviews,GraphicalCalculationviews,andAnalyticalPrivileges.
89.Howdoyouvalidatemodels?QuicklaunchmenuValidateFromthe'Available'list,selecttherequiredmodelsthatsystemmustvalidate.ChooseAddClickValidate.
90.Howdoyougeneratethedocumentationfortheobjectsyoucreated?By
using 'Auto Documentation' which captures the details of an
information model or a package in a
singledocument.Processtocreateis:QuickLaunchAutoDocumentationIn'SelectContentType'choose'ModelDetails'OR'ModelList'AddtherequiredobjectstotheTargetlistBrowsethelocationwhereyouwanttosavethefileClickfinish.
91.Howtoidentifywhetheraninformationmodelisreferencedbyanyotherinformationmodel?Wecancheckthemodelreferencesbyusing'WhereUsed'.Processis:GotothepackageSelecttherequiredobjectFromthecontextmenu,choose'WhereUsed'.
92.WhatisthedifferenceamongRawData,DistinctvaluesandAnalysiswhiledoingtheDataPreview?RawData:Itdisplaysallattributesalongwithdataintabularformat.DistinctValues:Itdisplaysallattributesalongwithdataingraphicalformat.Analysis:Itdisplaysallattributesandmeasuresingraphicalformat.
93.Whatarethedifferenttypesoffunctionscanbeusedinexpressions?Conversion,String,Mathematical,DateandMiscfunctions.if(SCORE>7,SELECTED,IF(SCORE>4,ONHOLD,REJECTED))returnsREJECTEDiftheSCOREis
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case(CODE,1,'NEW',2,'VENDORREBUILT',3,'SHOPREBUILT','INVALID')ifthevalueofCODEisotherthan1/2/3thenadefaultvalueof'INVALID'willbeselected.
94.HowtosearchTables,Models,andColumnviews?IntheModelersearchfield,entertheobjectyouwantSelectthesystemindropdownClicksearch.Thematchingobjectsarelistedinresultspanewith3tabpages:Tables,Models,andColumnviews.
95.IsitpossibletoImportSAPNetweaverBWobjects?YesitispossibletoimportSAPBWobjects.
96.HowtoImportBWmodels?TheprocesstoImportBWmodels:FilemenuImportExpandSAPHANAContentnode,choose'ImportSAPNetWeaverBWModels'In'SourceSystem'enterBWcredentialsSelectthetargetsystemSelectBWInfoProvidersIf
youwant to import selectedmodels alongwith display atributes for
IMOCube and IMODSO, select
'IncludeDisplayAttributes'WecanselectanalysisauthorizationsassociatedwithInfoProviders/Rolebased.Clickfinish.
QuestionsonHANAHardware
1.WhatisthereasonforgoingInmemory?One reason is
thenumberofCPUcyclespersecond is increasingand thecostofprocessors
isdecreasing.Formanagingthedatainmemory,thereisfiveminuterulewhichisbasedonthesuggestionthatitcostsmoretowaitforthedatatobefetchedfromdiskthanitcoststokeepdatainmemorysoitdependsonhowoftenyoufetchthedata.Forexamplethereisatableandnomatterhowlargeitisandthistableistouchedbyaqueryatleastonceevery55minutes,
it is less expensive (in hardware costs) to keep it in memory than
to read it frommemory and if it
isfrequentlyaccesseditislessexpensivetostoreitinmemory.
2.WhatisaFiveminuterule?Itisaruleofthumbfordecidingwhetheradataitemshouldbekeptinmemory,orstoredondiskandreadbackinto
-
memorywhenrequired.Theruleisrandomlyaccesseddiskpagesofcachearereusedevery5minutes.
3.WhatismulticoreCPU?MultipleCPUsononechiporinonepackageiscalledmulticoreCPU..Traditionaldatabasesforonlinetransactionprocessing(OLTP)donotusecurrenthardwareefficiently.
4.WhatisStall?WaitingfordatatobeloadedfrommainmemoryintotheCPUcacheiscalledasStalls.
5.WhatisSAPInMemoryAppliance(SAPHANA)?HANAisaninmemorytechniquetostoredatathatisparticularlysuitedforhandlingverylargeamountsoftabular,orrelational,datawithextraordinaryperformance.Commondatabasesstoretabulardatarowwise.Reorganizingthedatainmemorycolumnwisebringsatremendousspeedincreasewhenaccessingasubsetofthedataineachtablerow.
6.WhatarethecomponentsorproductsofHANA?SAPHANAcontainsthefollowingcomponents.SAPHANADATABASESAPHANAStudioSAPHANACLIENTSAPHOSTAGENT7.2SAPHANAINFORMATIONCOMPOSERDIAGNOSTICAGENT7.3SAPHANAclientpackageforMSexcelSAPHANAUIforInformationAccess(INA)SAPHANAAFL1.0SoftwareUpdateManagerforSAPHANASAPLTReplicationAddOnSAPLTReplicationServerSAPHANADirectExtractorConnection(DXC)SAPDataServices4.0
7.WhatarethedifferenteditionsavailableinHANAappliancesoftware?PlatformandEnterpriseedition.Platformedition
is intended forcustomerswhowant touseETLbased
replicationandalreadyhavea license forSAPBODataServices.Enterprise
edition is intended for customers who want to use either
triggerbased replication or ETLbased
-
replicationanddonotalreadyhaveallofthenecessarylicensesforSAPBODataServices.
8.WhatiscolumnarandRowBasedDataStorage?
Fig:RowandColumnbasedstorageAdatabase table containsdata in the
formof rowsand columns.HoweverComputermemory is
organizedasalinearstructure.Tostoreatableinlinearmemory,therearetwooptions.Arowbasedstoragestoresatableasasequenceofrecords,eachofwhichcontainsthefieldsofonerow.Inacolumnarstoragetheentriesofacolumnarestoredincontiguousmemorylocations.
The SAP HANA database allows to specify whether a table is to be
stored columnwise or rowwise. It is
alsopossibletoalteranexistingtablefromcolumnartorowbasedandviceversa.Searchoperationsintabulardatacanbeacceleratedbyorganizingdataincolumnsinsteadinrows.
9.WhataretheadvantagesofColumnbasedtables?Calculationsaretypicallyexecutedonsingleorafewcolumnsonly.Thetableissearchedbasedonvaluesofafewcolumns.Thetablehasalargenumberofcolumns.Thetablehasalargenumberofrowsandcolumnaroperationsarerequired(aggregate,scan,etc.).High
compression rates can be achieved because the majority of the
columns contain only few distinct
values(comparedtonumberofrows).
10.WhataretheadvantagesofRowbasedtables?Theapplicationneedstoonlyprocessasinglerecordatonetime(manyselectsand/orupdatesofsinglerecords).Theapplicationtypicallyneedstoaccessacompleterecord(orrow).Thecolumnscontainmainlydistinctvaluessothatthecompressionratewouldbelow.Neitheraggregationsnorfastsearchingarerequired.Thetablehasasmallnumberofrows(e.g.configurationtables).
11.Inwhichcasethedatatobestoredincolumnarstorage?To enable fast
onthefly aggregations, adhoc reporting, and to benefit from
compression mechanisms it
isrecommendedthattransactiondatatobestoredinacolumnbasedtable.
12.Isitpossibletojointablesofrowbasedwithcolumnbasedtables?Yes
13.Arecolumnbasedtablesalwaysthebetterchoicethanrowbasedtables?No.Therearealsosituationsinwhichrowbasedtablesareadvantageous.
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14.WhataretheadvantagesofColumnartables?HigherDataCompressionRatesHigherPerformanceforColumnOperationsEliminationofAdditionalIndexesParallelizationEliminationofMaterializedAggregates
15.WhatarethedifferentCompressionTechniquesyouknow?RunlengthencodingClusterencodingDictionaryencoding
16.Whymaterializedaggregatesarenotrequired?Withascanningspeedofseveralgigabytespermillisecond,inmemorycolumnstores,makeitpossibletocalculateaggregateson
largeamountsofdataontheflywithhighperformance.This
isexpectedtoeliminatetheneedformaterializedaggregatesinmanycases.
17.WhataretheadvantagesofEliminatingmaterializedaggregates?Noadditionaltablesforstoringaggregateresultsmeans:SimplifieddatamodelSimplifiedapplicationlogicHigherlevelofconcurrencyandWiththeflyAggregationwehaveaggregatedvaluesuptodate
18.Whatisparallelization?Columnbasedstoragemakesiteasytoexecuteoperationsinparallelusingmultipleprocessorcores.Inacolumnstoredata
isalreadyverticallypartitionedmeans
thatoperationsondifferentcolumnscaneasilybeprocessed inparallel.
Ifmultiple columnsneed to be searchedor aggregated, eachof
theseoperations canbeassigned to adifferentprocessorcore.
Inadditionoperationsononecolumncanbeparallelizedbypartitioning
thecolumn
intomultiplesectionsthatcanbeprocessedbydifferentprocessorcores(core3and4below).
ThankYou
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GOR 11/29/20128:44pm
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Deepak 12/19/20125:18am
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Suresh 01/27/20133:24am
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sandeep 02/03/20139:32pm
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sarav 02/05/20138:20am
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Verygoodquestions....doyouhaveanswersforthem..IamanewbeetoSAPHANA..Iwouldreallyappreciateitifyoucanemailmetheanswersforthis
[email protected]
Thesequestionsareveryhelpfulcanuplsprovidemetheanswersforthesequistionsindetail.....
Superquestionaire.Canyoupleasesendmetheanswersfortheabovequestions?
Verygoodquestions....doyouhaveanswersforthem..IamanewbeetoSAPHANA..Iwouldreallyappreciateitifyoucanemailmetheanswersforthis
[email protected][email protected]
Couldyoupleasesendmetheanswerstothesequestion?
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nagesh
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02/12/20139:21pm
saravjeet 02/13/20135:24am
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Rambabu 02/27/20139:17am
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pk 02/27/20139:24pm
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RajKumar 03/04/20134:53am
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RamGoli 02/11/20144:22pm
HiRaj...
IreallyappreciateyoutoprovideaHANAquestionsandanswers...Thankyouverymuch..iwillwaitforyournewquestionsandanswers..
thanksalotRaj.Theyareverynice
youdonegreatjobforus.thanks.
greatInfomustbeworkingforSapProductDevitself
IamjustSAPHANAConsultant.Thankstoallforlikingmyblog.
HiRaj.
ThisisRam,IamanSAPOTCconsultantandIamplanningtogiveHANAcertification.Canyoushareyouremailidwithme?
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Babu 03/28/201311:29am
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Raghavendra 04/01/201311:13pm
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NAGENDAR 04/03/20135:02am
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Mahesh 04/03/201311:20am
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RajKumar 04/05/20131:35am
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IhaveneedadviseonHANA.
[email protected]
itwasgreathelpforme
ThanksalotRajforyourvaluablequestionsandanswers.
Regards,RaghavendraG.
Raj,youareawesome,wearewaitingforyourremainingquestionsifpossiblepleasesend..thx
ThanksRaj,thisisofbighelp.Canyousendanyrelatedmaterial,answersetc?
Justclicksecondtab(HANAQuestions)inthesameblog
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PratikJain
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06/16/20134:38am
Jay 07/23/20138:22pm
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SKumar 08/02/20134:01am
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Raj 08/07/20131:54am
Thisisjustawesomestuff.Thankyouverymuchsir.Appreciablejob!
IwouldliketogetintouchwithpeoplelearningSAPHANA(orthosewhohavealreadydonethat).Emailme:[email protected]
ASAPHANAtrainee.
verycreative&highlyknowledgeable,thanksforputtingforus.keepupthenicework.
hiRaj,
Greatwork.Coupleofquestions:
1.IncaseofSLT,wheredowedefinethetablesthatneedstobereplicated.IsitinSLTsystemorindataprovisioninginHANAstudio.
2.IncaeofSLTwedefinetransformationrulesinAdvancedreplicationsettings.IsitbywayofcodinginSE38orsomethingelse?3.CanyouplsthrowmorelightifposisbleonFORloopanditsusage.
Hi,
1.InSLTafteryoucreateconfiguration,inHANAstudioyoucanfindentryforalltablesofsourcesysteminDD02Ltableofyourreplicationschema.Noneedtoexclusivelydefinetablenames.
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Reply
Subramanyam 08/05/201310:28am
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james 09/12/20132:37pm
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Rash 09/30/20138:37pm
Reply
Balaji 10/10/20131:54am
2.WedefineadvancereplicationsettingsusingIUUC_REPL_CONTENTjustlikeweuseLTRforcreatingconf.
3.IfyouhavegoodknowledgeonABAPthenyoumayfamiliarwithFORusage.Youcangoogleonforthesame.
RegardsRaj
GreatjobRaj!!!itsreallyhelpfulforwhoarenewtoSAPHANA
ThumbswayupRaj!!Thanksfortheexcellentblog.
Hi,DoyoualsotrainSAPHANAandSAPBusinessObjects?I'mveryinterestedinbothmodules.Pleaseletknowmeifyou'reorhaveanysuggestions,ormaterialsthatcanhelpmetodoselfstudy.
AreyoulocatedintheStates?
Thanksmuch!
HiRaj,
ThanksforletusknowaboutSAPHANA.
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Reply
suri 11/25/201311:12pm
Reply
Geetha 01/03/20141:22pm
Reply
Rajesh 01/28/20144:00pm
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Venu 02/11/20145:43am
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RaviChandra 03/01/20149:09pm
MuchAppreciated.
Goodjobdude,
Awesome!!ThanksRajkeepupthegoodwork!
GreatJob..Thanks
GoodWork!!
HeyReallyitawesome..!!!IfpossiblecanyoupleaseprovidethepossiblequestiononSP07bycomparingpreviousversionswehavesomanynewfeaturesinthatright!AndItishelpfulifyouprovideonreportingalsobecauseHANAwillsupportonBO4.0onwardsandinBO4.1onwardswecanuseHANAModelingobjectsdirectlyonreportingtoolsnoneedtocreatemodels(Universe).
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Reply
Raj 03/04/20148:01am
Reply
RaviChandra 03/08/20148:19am
Avijit 03/25/20147:21pm
Reply
ram 04/24/20149:17am
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(http://vakansiyainjenerpouchetu
HeyReallyAwesomeIappreciatedyourwork,..PleaseuptodatethissitewithlatestfeaturesrelatedtoHANA,itwillhelpfulforustocracktheinterviewright!.Wecanalsodosomeresearchandhelpinthisifneed(butnotrealtimescenarios,untilgetintoHANAplatform)..SharingIdeas/Experiencesisgoodtoimprovingtheknowledge..
Ravi,
Iwilltrytokeepupdatemyblogasthetimepermitsmetodoso.
RegardsRaj
ThankYou..VeryMuch!
HelloRaj,
nicearticle.couldpostsomeinfo'sonreportingaswell.?
thanksAvi
AreyougivinganytrainingonHANAAdministration?
http://vakansiya-injener-po-uchetu-yenergoresursov.rabotavakansii.com/
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yenergoresursov.rabotavakansii.com)
Reply
05/14/201411:18pm
Raj 06/18/20143:48am
Reply
Orlando 05/29/201410:01am
Reply
Rajiv 05/30/20149:54pm
Reply
araniconsulting(http://www.araniconsulting.com)
06/23/201411:06am
Reply
amol 07/08/20144:33am
*Nicepost.Ilearnsomethingfarmorechallengingondifferentblogseveryday.Itwillalwaysbestimulatingtoreadcontentmaterialfromotherwritersandpracticeabitsomethingfromtheirstore.Idprefertousesomewiththecontentmaterialonmyblogwhetheryoudontmind.NatuallyIllgiveyoualinkonyourwebweblog.Thanksforsharing.
Yesyoucan.
HiRaj,Ihopeyouareverywell,Iwouldliketodoabackupinhana,butspecifyingthedatabaseasascheduledjobfromhdbsqlorhanastudio.
Thankyou
hiRaj,yourpostingishelpingus,ineedonehelpfromyou,isitpossiblemeanssharesomelinkforcalculationviewcreationsusingsqlscripting.
wearelookingforhanaadmintrainer,contactusifyouareinterested.
http://vakansiya-injener-po-uchetu-yenergoresursov.rabotavakansii.com/http://www.araniconsulting.com/http://www.araniconsulting.com/
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Pooja 07/22/20143:45am
Reply
KrishnaPunuru 08/05/201411:32pm
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Sathish 08/21/20145:56am
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Hi...
IamworkingonSAPHANA64bitonlinux,MyDTWwasunabletoinstallthere,Thereisalso32bit&64bitDTWinstalled&WhenIwastryingitfor64bit,ItonlyshowsSQL2008/SQL2012butIwana"HANADB"there.WheneverItrytoinstallit,showsnothing.
ThenIwasalsotriedSAPHANAStudiotoImportdatafromcommadenominatedcsv&Commanexcelfiles.ButThereistomuchlimitationsindatamapping&NonEditabledatainSAPHANASTUDIO,SoIwasunabletodoanysingalentrythroughIt,
Iwasgoingtomanualentrywheremysystemdidn'tshowscompaniesaddressforsaphanamanytimes&Itisverytimeconsuming
Iwantapropersolutionindetails,Whichwayismorecomfortableandsuitablefornovicelikeme.
Thanks/Regards
Amol.
veryniceRajgoodwork
Amazingstuff!!!ThanksatrillionRaj...:)
Hi,
Reallyappreciableforthequestions.pleasesharethatforme,itwillhelpmetoclarifymydoubtsandhelpfulformyinterviews
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Kranti 09/01/20141:17am
Reply
Raju 09/05/201412:23am
Reply
sarov 09/08/20145:19am
Reply
Raj 10/30/201411:28pm
Reply
MahmoudSoliman(http://www.yahoo.com) 09/08/201411:44am
Reply
ThisisreallyaveryGoodstuffforbeginners.
HiRaj,Itwasawesomework.Thanksyousomuch.Welldone.ActuallyAmSAPBODSconsultantandnewlystartedHana.HowIcancontact.CouldyoupleaseletmeknowPLease.
hairajreallygrtjob...coulduplsshareurmailID..ihavetonsofdoubt...iknowurhanawikipedia..
HiSarov,
YoucanpostanyHANAdoubtinSCNforumhttp://scn.sap.com/community/hanainmemory.
Manyexpertswillanswerbesidesme.
RegardsRaj
Hi,Keepupthegoodwork.Thisisverygoodquestionsandthankyouforsharingitwitheveryone.
http://www.yahoo.com/http://www.yahoo.com/
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subbareddy 09/09/20145:10am
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Anand 09/17/20147:16am
Reply
Raj 10/30/201411:23pm
Reply
Raj 10/30/201411:26pm
HiRajgaru,Howru,Iamsubbareddy,workedincognizant,Irememberyouifiamnotwrong,youalsoworkedincognizantinmainframe.Pleasegivemeyourcontactnumber.Thanks,Subbareddy.B
HiRaj,
Icameacrossyourblog,itreallygoodandIreallyappreciateyourwork.IfyoucouldpostsomeinterviewquestionsonHANAsecurityside&Backup.Itwouldbeagreathelpforpeoplelikeme.
Rgds,Anand
HiAnand,
Iaddedtomylist.Willaddwhenifindthetime.
RegardsRaj
HiSubbaReddy,
Dropmeyouremailsothaticansendmynumber.
RegardsRaj
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Reply
SAPGRCONLINETRAINING(http://sapgrconlinetraining.in/)
09/25/20142:22am
Reply
SimhaNagaraj 10/01/201412:01pm
Reply
Raj 10/30/201411:22pm
Reply
sapsdonlinetraining(http://sapsdolt.blogspot.com)
12/05/20143:47am
hisir,niceinfoonsapInstitutes,thanks.BestPostaboutSAPCoursesandtheTraining.HelpstheperuserstoimproveinformationonCurrentSAPTechnologies.
HiRaj,
ThanksforpostingSAPHANAFAQ'S,Canyoupleaseprovidemethebothquestionandanswers,soitwillbehelpmetotakethemockinterviewsformyconsultant.
pleasecanyouhelpmeonthis!!
Thanks,
Ricky
HiRicky,
Alreadyquestionsandanswersareprovidedinthisblog.
RegardsRaj
http://sapgrconlinetraining.in/http://sapgrconlinetraining.in/http://sapsdolt.blogspot.com/http://sapsdolt.blogspot.com/
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Reply
SAPWMOnlineTraining(http://sapmmwmonlinetraining.blogspot.com)
12/05/20143:51am
Reply
MadhusudanaRao 12/21/20145:25am
Reply
Sankar 01/13/20153:53am
Reply
Nabi 01/29/20154:37am
Reply
sudarshan 02/03/20159:33pm
Thankyousir,Itisniceandmoreinformative.Weareprovidingonlinetrainingon&formoreinfo:sapsdonlinetrainingitgivesthecareerplan.Itisinsimplelanguageandunderstandabletoeveryfreshers.
Thankyousir,Irecentlycameacrossyourblogandhavebeenreadingalong.niceexplanation.Weareprovidingsapwmonlinetraining.Itismoreeffectiveandinterestfornewlearners.IthoughtIwouldleavemyfirstcomment.Ifeelgreatafterreadingthisinformation.
verynice,ithelpalot
HANAques
canuplzuploaddoconcalculationview(sqlprocedureformat)
HIRaj,
itsreallyawonderfulstuffandyouhavegivenagreatinfoinyourblog
Couldyoupleasesharemecontactdetails,sothatIcantouchbasewithyouforqueries
http://sapmmwmonlinetraining.blogspot.com/http://sapmmwmonlinetraining.blogspot.com/
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