SANTHIA MIRTYL Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Jan 02, 2016
Importance of Blood Supply
Blood supply is critical for successful functioning of our organs
Arteries bring oxygenated blood from the heart to the body
What happens when this route is compromised?National Stroke Association (2011)
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Stroke AKA Brain Attack
National Stroke Association (2011)Nursing Central (2012)
TIA
Temporary state of ischemia due to blood supply blockage A blood clot in an artery of the brain A blood clot that travels to the brain from somewhere
else in the body (for example, from the heart) An injury to blood vessels Narrowing of a blood vessel in the brain or leading to
the brain“Mini-stroke”
Will have stroke like symptoms For up to 24 hours
Risk of stroke is greatest within 48 hours Osborn, K., S., Wraa, C., E., Watson, A., V. (2010)Nursing Central (2012)National Stroke Association (2011)
Modifiable Non-modifiable
HTN Atrial fibtillation Hyperlipidema Diabetes Mellitus Stress Excessive alcohol use Lifestyle Obesity Smoking Valvular disease Coronary artery disease
Family historyAgeRaceHeredity
TIA is a result of vascular disease
Osborn, K., S., Wraa, C., E., Watson, A., V. (2010)Nursing Central (2012)National Stroke Association (2011)Easton, D., J., Saver, J., L., Albers, G.W. et.l (2009).
Use the FAST for signs of stroke.
Osborn, K., S., Wraa, C., E., Watson, A., V. (2010)Nursing Central (2012)National Stroke Association (2011)A.D.A.M Medical Medical Encyclopedia.(2012)
Literature Hospital
Carotid EndarterectomyCarotid Angioplasty and
StentingtPaDiagnostics :MRIAntithrombotic Therapy
aspirin, combination aspirin/dipyridamole, clopidogrel, and ticlopidine.
Lab test
Physical assessmentComplete blood countCT scanMRS and X-ray orderedMRI without contrastCarotid Duplex Scan
BilateralPT and OT
Medical Interventions
Osborn, K., S., Wraa, C., E., Watson, A., V. (2010)Easton et.al (2009).Adam et. al (2007)Summers et. Al (2007)
Literature Hospital
NIH Stroke Scale Continued assessment
O2, output Vitals
Hyperthermia, BP ABCs Monitoring: cardiac,
respiratory, neuro status Administering drug therapy Safety Labs
Glucose
NIH Stoke Scale Q2hHourly assessmentsHourly vitals
Close eye on high BP and temperature
ABCsLabsDrug therapy Safety
Nursing Interventions
Osborn, K., S., Wraa, C., E., Watson, A., V. (2010)Adam et. al (2007)
Prognosis
TIA do not cause cell death of brain tissue
Symptoms usually resolve in less that 24 hrs
TIA is a warning sign for a stroke
Osborn, K., S., Wraa, C., E., Watson, A., V. (2010)Easton et.al (2009).Adam et. al (2007)Summers et. Al (2007)
ACUTE CONFUSION RELATED TO HYPOXIA.
IMPAIRED VERBAL COMMUNICATION RELATED TO DECREASED CIRCULATION TO THE BRAIN IN SPEECH CENTER INFORMATIONAL SOURCES
RISK FOR IMPAIRED PHYSICAL IMMOBILITY RELATED TO DECREASED STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE
INEFFECTIVE HEALTH MAINTENANCE RELATED TO DEFICIENT KNOWLEDGE REGARDING SELF CARE FOR STROKE RISKS
Nursing Diagnosis
Ackely, Ladwig. (2011)
Myth Fact
Stroke is not preventable
Stroke cannot be treated
Stroke is a elderly problem
Stroke happens in the heart
Stroke recovery ends after 6 months
Up to 80% percent of strokes are preventable
Stroke requires emergency treatment
Anyone can be a victim to stroke
Stroke happens in the brain AKA “Brain Attack”
Stroke recovery can last a lifetime
Conclusion
National Stroke Association (2011)
Case Study
The patient is a 53 year old African American male admitted to the emergency department on 10/14/2012 for slurred speech and facial drooping. He was brought in by a concerned friend that stated a change in the patient’s mentation, slurred speech as well as left sided facial drooping the previous night. Patient has a past medical history of Bells palsy 20 years ago and chronic knee pain. Patient also has had family history of kidney disease, hypertension, and heart disease. Upon admission patient had a high blood pressure of 220/140. He denies any chest pain, shortness of breath, fevers, chills, nausea and vomiting. Patient has a current complaint of a headache but not a symptom prior to hospitalization. Chest x ray is pending. Brain CT revealed lateral ventricles atrophy and small vessel ischemia. Labs were done which revealed elevated creatinine and BUN.
Questions
Of the 500,000 strokes that occur annually, 80% of them are ischemic strokes. Which of the following accurately reflects this type of stroke?1. The strokes are hemorrhagic in nature2. The signs and symptoms, though acute, resolve
without permanent disability3. The stokes ate commonly caused my arthrosclerosis4. Patients experiencing the type of stroke are usually
younger
Rationals
Correct answer: 380% of all strokes are ischemic in
nature and most are caused my atherosclerosis. Hemorrhagic stokes are commonly associated with hypertension. Patients experiencing ischemic stoke are generally older than those experiencing hemorrhagic stoke
References
1) A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia.(2012). Transient ischemic attack. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001743/
2) Adams Jr, H., P., del Zoppo,G., Alberts, M., J., Bhatt, D., L., Brass, L., Furlan, A., Grubb, R., L., Higashida, R., L., Jauch, E., C., Kidwell, C., Lyden, P., D., Morgenstern, R., Qureshi, A., I., Rosenwasser, R., H., Scott, P., A., Wijdicks, E., F. (2007). Guidelines for the Early Management of Adults With Ischemic Stroke. STROKEAHA.107(86), 1814.
3)Ackle, B., Ladwig, G. (2011) Nursing Diagnosis Handbook.. 9 th edition.
4) Easton, D., J., Saver, J., L., Albers, G.W., Alberts, M., J., Chaturvedi, S., Feldmann,E., Hatsukami, T., S., Higashida, R., T., Johnston, C., Kidwell, C.,S., Lutsep, H., L., Miller, E., Sacco, R., L. (2009). Definition and Evaluation of Transient Ischemic Attack. STROKEAHA., 108(18), 1922.
5) National Stroke Association. The Complete Guide to Stroke. 2011. At: http://www.stroke.org/site/DocServer/NSA_complete_guide.pdf?docID=341
6) Summers, D., Leonard, A., Wentworth, D., Saver, L., J., Simpson, J., Spilker, J., A., Hock, N., Miller, E., Mitchell, P.,H. (2009). Comprehensive Overview of Nursing and Interdisciplinary Care of the Acute Ischemic Stroke Patient. STROKEAHA.109(62), 1923.
7) Osborn, K., S., Wraa, C., E., Watson, A., V. (2010). Medical-Surgical Nursing Preparation for Practice. 756-761.